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On March 27, 1901, Einstein wrote Mileva Marić about "bringing our work on relative motion to a successful conclusion!".The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 1, Doc. 94.This sentence raised theories according to which Mileva Marić assisted Einstein in writing his 1905 path-breaking papers. Various people speculated about Marić's role especially in the development of the theory of relativity.Suppose Marić's name had been on the relativity manuscript. Einstein submitted the relativity paper to the Annalen der Physik. Who erased Marić’s name in the board of the Annalen der Physik? The Annelen had no policy against papers published by women. In addition, Einstein's three path-breaking 1905 papers contain many authorial comments in the first person singular.It is reasonable to assume that physics aroused emotions in Einstein during the early stage of his courtship with Marić. He felt impelled to share with Marić his research because these discoveries filled him with so much happiness and joy.Senta Troemel-Ploetz has claimed that the words "our work" in Einstein's above letter to Marić of March 27, 1901, are an evidence for the claim that Marić solved Einstein's mathematical problems and assisted him in solving his physics problems.John Stachel has written that "there is no evidence that she was particularly gifted mathematically, while there is some evidence that she was not". Einstein seemed to encourage Marić by telling her that he would bring everything to a successful or happy conclusion. Stachel shows that the words "our work on relative motion" have been written in the emotional context, because in no places in his other letters to Marić is there mention of "our work on relative motion", Einstein always refers to his work. For instance, Einstein wrote to Marić on December 19, 1901:I spent all afternoon with Kleiner in Zurich telling him my ideas about the electrodynamics of moving bodies, and we talked about all sorts of other physics problems. […] He advised me to publish my ideas on the electromagnetic theory of light of moving bodies along with the experimental method. He found the method I have proposed to be the simplest and most appropriate one imaginable.The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 1, Doc. 130.

These are the main points of my paper: [1204.3551] Did Mileva Mari\'c assist Einstein in writing his 1905 path-breaking papers?Did Einstein's First Wife Secretly Coauthor His 1905 Relativity Paper?Einstein and his wife Mileva Marić exchanged between them letters in which Albert told Mileva his scientific thoughts and daily deeds and ambitions. Fifty-four out of the Einstein and Marić letters were found. The letters open a window to Albert and Mileva's relationship. The letters reveal that science and romance were inseparable for Einstein. Most of the love letters of Einstein to Marić comingle enthusiasm, romantic emotions and scientific thrill. Marić's letters do not give few indications of how her scientific interests were developing.On March 27, 1901 Einstein wrote Mileva Marić about "bringing our work on relative motion to a successful conclusion!" (Einstein to Marić, March 27, 1901, CPAE, Vol. 1, Doc. 94). This sentence and the publication of the love letters between Marić raised conspiracy theories: Did Mileva Marić assist Einstein in writing his 1905 path-breaking papers?The debate began when Abram Fedorovich Joffe, a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and later in life an assistant to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen from 1902 until 1906, had seen the original manuscript, Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper, and that it was signed "Einstein-Marity". Marity" is a Hungarian variant of the Serbian "Marić", Mileva's maiden name. Thus it was claimed that Mileva Marić Einstein's name was left out of the published article. Only Albert Einstein's name appears in the journal as author.Joffe wrote: "In 1905, three articles appeared in the 'Annalen der Physik', which began three very important branches of 20th century physics. Those were the theory of Brownian motion, the photon theory of light, and the theory of relativity. The author of these articles – an unknown person at that time, was a bureaucrat at the Patent Office in Bern, Einstein-Marity (Marity the maiden name of his wife, which by Swiss custom is added to the husband's family name)". Joffe did not even claim that Einstein signed his name Einstein-Marity: he just cited the Swiss custom. Daniil Semenvich Danin, a popular Russian science writer, took Joffe's above words and turned them into collaboration between Einstein and Marić.Röntgen was an experimentalist and there was no reason why a theoretical paper like the relativity paper would be given to him as a referee. The members of editors in the Annalen, Max Planck and Paul Drude were leading theoreticians and could certainly referee the paper. Indeed they read the paper very quickly, as they referred to Einstein's 1905 paper quite immediately.In September 1906 Röntgen requested for an offprint of the 1905 published paper, presumably because he was preparing a lecture on the equations of motion of the electron. If Röntgen read the paper in 1905 he would not need the offprint a year later.Suppose Marić's name had been on the relativity manuscript. Who erased the name in the board of the Annelen der Physik? The Annelen had no policy against papers published by women.Image from here.There are 54 Einstein- Marić letters from the period 1987-1903. It is true that only ten out of Marić's letters to Einstein from 1902 or earlier have come to light, compared with 43 of his. All of this correspondence was preserved in Einstein- Marić's papers. Evan Harris Walker claimed in his letter, "Did Einstein Espouse his Spouse's Ideas?" to Physics today from 1989, "Yet only ten letters from Mileva to Albert Einstein from this period have been found. One may wonder if there were not so carefully retained [i.e. if Einstein had not destroyed them]. I cannot help but see Mileva and Albert Einstein working as a team, hoping together to achieve the kind of husband-and-wife recognition that has come to Marie and Pierre Curie".In general, Einstein appears to have saved practically no early letters, while other people later tended to save his, for obvious reasons, claims Prof. John Stachel. But one could not select ten of Einstein's letters to Marić that would be as devoid references to physics as are hers to him. None of Marić's letters to Einstein touches on any substantive point in physics, while his to her are chock-full of substantive comments on books and articles on physics he has read as well as on his own theoretical ideas and experimental proposals.Walker claims that the words "our work" in Einstein's letter to Marić of March 27, 1901 ("[…] bring our work on relative motion to a successful conclusion!", are an evidence for the claim that Mileva solved Albert's mathematical problems and assisted him in solving his physics problems. Stachel argues that "there is no evidence that she was particularly gifted mathematically, while there is some evidence that she was not."Einstein seemed to encourage Marić by telling her that he would bring everything to a successful or happy conclusion. Stachel shows that the words "our work on relative motion" have been written in the emotional context, because in no places in his other letters to Marić is there mention of "our work on relative motion", Einstein always refers to his work.Walker raises an additional claim: "In February 1919 the marriage of Albert and Mileva ended in an amiable divorce. Mileva received custody of the children, child support and alimony. And in an added clause of the divorce decree, Albert Einstein agreed to pay Mileva every krona of any future Nobel Prize he might be awarded. He could keep the glory, but (in a settlement that would make an LA divorce lawyer blush) she had the prize."Walker then concluded, "I find it difficult to resist the conclusion that Mileva, justly or unjustly saw this as her reward for the part she had played in developing the theory of relativity”.in fact, Marić did not want to give Einstein a divorce, and she was on a physical and mental breakdown because of the divorce. She got of the delusion that they would get together. By 1919 Germany lost the war and he did not have enough German money to give her. But everybody knew he would get the Nobel Prize sooner or later. A promise in a settlement to give Marić the money of the prize also settled the divorce.

He seems to have struggled with language, but he managed fairly well; however he had this to say about English orthography:“I cannot write in English, because of the treacherous spelling. When I am reading, I only hear it and am unable to remember what the written word looks like.”- The Born Einstein LettersMore generally:“from numerous reports of his American years we know that until the end of his life German was the only language he felt comfortable with.”- Albert Einstein ArchivesThe following are a compilation of some quotes I gathered regarding Einstein and (his struggles with) language going back to his earlier years:Albert’s Father Hermann Einstein wrote in 1895:"Since Albert still lags far behind in the modern languages, I am taking the liberty of asking you to spur him to the utmost diligence in that direction and to arrange help through private lessons if necessary."- The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein: The early years, 1879-1902 - Albert Einstein, Anna Beck, Peter Havas - Google Books page 10Most of the rest are from Albert Einstein’s own letters:“I have a spacious institute and a splendid library, and no need to struggle with a foreign language, a thing that weighs very heavily because I am terribly slow to learn languages.”- Translation of letter to Willem Julius, 15 November 1911 In Volume 5: The Swiss Years: Correspondence, 1902-1914 (English translation supplement). Document 304. page 220 – 221 . [Link to original German]In 1919, in response to a (lost) letter from Einstein, Arthur S. Eddington writes “I, likewise, am unable to write except in my own language”. Indicating that Einstein wrote something to him first. However, without that letter, it could be that Einstein just wrote that he can’t write in English, or that he prefers to write in German, or somthing like that.“The greater will be my pleasure in accepting your invitation, for now my trip is purely of a private nature. My irritating ignorance of the English language will disturb less.[3]”[3] In Elsa Einstein's correspondence with Hedwig Born, Einstein's travel plans and his feelings about them are commented on as follows: "Now, the good Albert is happy and delighted that he need not go there [to England]. The journey was heavy on his heart. He can not stand for official recep- tion. Moreover, he speaks English very poorly. "( "Now is the good Albert selig and happy that he is not there must [England]. This trip weighed heavily on him. He can such official receptions not suffer, also speaks it very bad English." Elsa Einstein to Hedwig Born, 9 February 1920 [GyB, Nachl. Born,No. 1226, p. 13]).- Berlin, 2 February 1920Volume 9: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, January 1919-April 1920 (English translation supplement) Page 245 (267 of 380)Because I was informed very suddenly and unexpectedly of the necessity to travel to America so soon already,[4] I have not prepared any lectures. A very particularly large problem always lies in that I have no command of the English language and an insufficient proficiency in French to be able to speak extemporaneously. It is not possible for me to assess from here what I will be able to undertake in the short time at my disposal there.- To Arthur T. Hadley in 22 February 1921In Volume 12: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, January-December 1921 (English translation supplement) Page 50 (74 of 254)With regard to the language, I am afraid that I could not speak any English, either American or not. I will have to speak in German just as I do in my lectures in New York and in Princeton.- To Carl Beck On April 15 1921 From New YorkIn Volume 12: The Berlin Years: Correspondence January-December 1921 Page 163 (241 of 687)“I browsed through your great work many times and delighted in it, although my unfortunately insufficient knowledge of your (alas!) rich language does not permit adequate comprehension.[3]”- To Richard Haldane, on 30 December 1921Volume 12: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, January-December 1921 (English translation supplement) Page 212 (236 of 254)“Einstein began with a greeting in Hebrew, which he enunciated “with difficulty,” and ex- pressed regret at not being able to lecture in “the language of his people.”[43] He then proceeded to speak in French for ninety minutes, providing an outline of the theory of relativity.”- Volume 13: The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence January 1922-March 1923 Page lxvi (66 of 1076)“I cannot lecture in the English language.”- To Maximilian Pfister, on 28 August 1922In Volume 13: The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence January 1922-March 1923 (English translation supplement) Page 265 (295 of 444)With regard French:“Even though my deficient knowledge of your language inhibited me very much, I found your conversation a delicious pleasure.”- Translation of letter to Jean Perrin. Zurich, 4 April [1913].In Volume 5: The Swiss Years: Correspondence, 1902-1914 (English translation supplement) Page 333 (355 of 406)“The language, however, will certainly cause me some trouble. But I do prefer to develop the material freely rather than read from something written. The formulas do help a lot and a kindly fellow professional will serve as prompter and pull out the words that get stuck in my throat. Albeit, it would perhaps have been nicer and more productive if we had made it a kind of mini relativity congress in which I would only have had to answer questions; my limited language ability would have disturbed less than it does in a more or less complete exposition of the theory.”- To Paul Langevin on 6 March 1922Volume 13: The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence January 1922-March 1923 (English translation supplement) Page 86 (116 of 444)“Considering my imperfect knowledge of the Fren[ch] language, m[y] duties thus already assumed will be a very great effort for me; so it will be scarcely possible for me to follow yet another invitation to speak.”- To Thomas Barclay on 14 March 1922In Volume 13: The Berlin Years: Writings & Correspondence January 1922-March 1923 (English translation supplement) Page 102 (132 of 444)In a correspondence with Dmitry Mirimanoff Volume 8: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, 1914-1918 (English translation supplement) Page 5 (33 of 742) (VOLUME 5,DOCUMENT 136b) we find him responding to a letter written in French, using German despite Mirimanoff having written ‘P.S. Lacking a suffic. command of German, I regret not having been able to write you in that language.’ Altho presumably Mirimanoff was able to read German, I think this indicates that Einstein disliked writing in French.With regard Italian:“I shall be delighted if next time you write me in Italian. I spent over half a year in Italy as a young man[1] and at that time had the pleasure of visiting the charming little town of Padova, and even now I still enjoy being able to apply my modest knowledge of the Italian language. On the other hand, I could not muster up the courage to write you in Italian, because the result would be far too clumsy and unclear.”- Translation of letter to Tullio Levi-Civita on 17 March 1915In Volume 8: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, 1914-1918 (English translation supplement) Page 73 (101 of 742)“from numerous reports of his American years we know that until the end of his life German was the only language he felt comfortable with.”“Einstein probably was asked to list the foreign languages he could read. He presumably listed English, Italian, and French, since he reviewed papers in each of these languages. Einstein knew some Italian; his parents lived in Italy from 1894 to 1902, and he frequently spent time there between 1896 and 1901.[8] He took courses in Italian and French at the Aargau Kantonsschule.[9] It is uncertain how much English he knew. He managed to re- view four English papers, perhaps with the help of his wife.[10]”[9] See Final Grades, Aargau Kantonsschule, 5 September 1896 (Vol. 1, Doc. 19); Matura Examination (B) French: 'My Future Plans,' 18 September 1896 (Vol. 1, Doc. 22); and Aargau Kantonsschule, Curriculum (Vol. 1, Appendix D)- Volume 2: The Swiss Years: Writings, 1900-1909 Page 110 (146 of 692)The following are excerpts from “In the Mind's Eye: Creative Visual Thinkers, Gifted Dyslexics, and the Rise of Visual Technologies” By Thomas G. West:“main reason” he wanted to leave Germany was the “dull, mechanized method of teaching” which presented him with “great difficulties” because of his “poor memory for words……Einstein’s father wrote to Winteler, “Since Albert still lags far behind in the modern languages, I am taking the liberty of asking you to spur him to the utmost diligence in that direction and to arrange help through private lessons if necessary.”57…There is evidence that Einstein’s particular difficulties with foreign languages remained with him for all of his life. For example, when he visited Palestine in 1923, despite his new-found enthusiasm for Zionism, he indicated that he believed that the study of Hebrew would probably be unprofitable in his case. According to the diary of one of the officials who received Einstein after his arrival in Palestine, “He made . . . a little speech explaining the nature of his brain which he said was such that he was afraid it would be unproductive work for him to attempt to learn Hebrew.”58As we saw with Faraday, and will see with others throughout these profiles, unusual difficulty with spelling is a common though not universal problem. With Faraday and others, we look to the editors of their letters and papers. With Einstein, his translator provides noteworthy evidence. “Misspelled names of persons and places (quite frequent, particularly in Einstein’s letters and even his scientific notes and papers) are routinely corrected [in these translations] without comment.”62Even as an adult, Einstein betrayed a disinterest in mere factual information, perhaps because of his clear preference for larger concepts, broader truths, underlying patterns. In the early days, while walking to his Berlin University office one afternoon, Einstein explained to a young physicist, “I’m not much with people. . . . I want my peace. I want to know how God created this world. I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that element. I want to know His thoughts, the rest are details.”63We may wonder whether this disinterest may have been promoted in part by Einstein’s relatively poor memory for these facts, being not too different, perhaps, from his poor memory for words, texts, botanical names, and foreign languages-or, conversely, we may wonder whether his poor memory for these things came partly from his clear disinterest in them. Either way, the results are probably similar.During his first visit to America in 1921, Einstein “was given a questionnaire covering all the intellectual equipment a student was supposed to carry with him through life, once his university studies ended. To one question as to the speed of sound, Einstein replied: ‘I don’t know. I don’t crowd my memory with facts that I can easily find in an encyclopedia.”’64 Thus we might wish to consider not so much whether an individual’s memory is good or bad, but what kinds of things his or her mind is good at remembering-the big patterns or the comparatively unimportant details. “Einstein said he ‘couldn’t really understand how anybody could know so much and understand so little!’ Einstein always emphasized that you could know too many facts and get lost among them.”65″End Notes:62. Beck (trans), Papers, 1987, p. xiv. Einstein’s difficulties with spelling became more apparent after he moved to the United States and had to deal with the many non-phonetic irregularities of English spelling. “Almost all of the correspondence between Einstein and [Max] Wertheimer (the chief founder of Gestalt psychology) was in German. They were more comfortable writing in German, even when they had been in the United States for ten years and could speak and read English fluently, ‘But I cannot write in English,’ Einstein explained to Born, in a letter of September 7, 1944, ‘because of the treacherous spelling. When I am reading, 1 only hear it and am unable to remember what the written word looks like’” (Luchins and Luchins, “Einstein-Wertheimer Correspondence,” Intelligencer, 1990, p. 37. Einstein quotations from Born, Born-Einstein Letters, 1971, p. 148).63. Esther Salaman, “A Talk with Einstein,” The Listener, September 8, 1955, quoted in Clark, Life and Times, 1984, p. 19.64. Vallentin, Drama, 1954, p. 31.65. From E. H. Hutten, in G. j. Whitrow, Einstein: The Man and His Achievement, quoted in French, ed., Centenary, 1979, p. 176.- West, Thomas G. “In the Mind's Eye: Creative Visual Thinkers, Gifted Dyslexics, and the Rise of Visual Technologies” from page 156