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There are a long number of volunteering and qualifying you have to do to get to be an Infantry paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne Division; then requesting the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment is not a sure thing. You have to start out by seeing your Army recruiter, taking the Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Battery and a physical to see if you are qualified for that job. If yes, you sign a contract with the Army at the Military Entrance Processing Station for the job. When your basic training school date comes up, you leave for Basic and Advanced Infantry Individual Training and Airborne School all most likely at Fort Benning, GA. If you are successful, then you should be headed to Fort Bragg, NC, Home of the Airborne. However, the 75th Ranger Regiment is also at Fort Benning and they often recruit out of Airborne School. So if you are interested in them, that is another great opportunity for a unit that is always on the go and likely to see combat.You follow your orders to 82nd Airborne Replacement Detachment and request assignment to the 505th. They have several battalions of the 505th but the Parachute Infantry Regiment is now an Airborne Brigade Combat Team and some of the battalions have other designations. The Airborne Brigade Combat Teams (their are three or four) all have great units with superb histories including the 325, 504 and 508. I think you will be happy with any of these.The 82nd is capable of forcible entry by parachute assault and is often one of the first units sent to trouble spots. So there is a high likelihood if something happens, you will be among those sent. Once on the ground, you are light Infantry.Good luck!

I was quite honored to be named one of the 2018 Top Writers and a little surprised, as I am every year. To be included along with so many people that I honor, idolize, respect and voraciously read is such a treat! I hope that I will get to meet some of you that I haven’t yet in a future Top Writers meetup at some point. This was also my 6th Top Writer showing joining 77 others in that honor.In order to help support my writing I am taking this moment to announce my new Patreon page. If you enjoyed my writings all of these years and wish to help support my future answers and articles please consider giving it a look. I live on a fixed disability income so even a few dollars monthly can mean a lot when pooled together by several people.Ariel Williams is creating Answers to your Geekiest Questions. | PatreonThe current (and likely incomplete) list of top Writers for 2018 is…Aaron Martin-ColbyAarthi ParivallalAbhimanyu DubeyAchal Gautam (अचल गौतम)Achyut TelangUser-10670965567866306272Aimee SparrowAkasha RoyAl NelsonAlan BustanyAlan MollAlan MorrisonAlbert HoudeAlejandro MeredizAlec CawleyAlec ZhangAlex LaMasterAlex RaulUser-12227794493042461694Alexander JarvisAlexey TereshchenkoUser-10320730142419070801Alice VitsAl JordanAishah Hannan‎Alon Amit (אלון עמית)‎Alvin LoongAman KhannaAmanda Tellyalater‎Amir E. Aharoni (אמיר א׳ אהרוני)‎Amit GoyalAmulya KolusuAmy BowersoxAmy DakinAmy E. BrownUser-11319576782656754349Amy ZhangAhmet Akkoç (白羊 阿赫麦德)User-9253909216903152069User-10918820764405980021Andrea Claus RingAndrew BromageAndreea CovaleovAndrew HenniganAndrew KaramAndrew WeillAndrew WoodardUser-9532033332826971845Anil BharadwajAnna ChongAnna DemersAnna PogrebniakLucienne LeBeauAnthony HackettAnu NivashiniAnup KaliaSathi AD NR BalasingamAriel WilliamsArjun NarayananArpan PanickerArpit Pandey(अर्पित पाण्डेय )Arno BrevoortAsbjorn MagnussenAshley JolliffeAshley MorganAstha SinhaNiwas UdhamAttman KarUser-12660732306706874207Augie GardnerAurea MartinAuro Sista (ఆరో శిష్ఠా)Austin MiddletonAustin SpencerAve SunkerAvinash Hiremath (अविनाश हिरेमठ)Aviral BhatnagarAyon NandiBaba Vickram Aditya BediBacil Donovan WarrenBarry HampeBarry McGuinnessBarry RountreeBart LoewsBas LeijserBen A. WiseBen KolberBen Y. 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ShultzDane ClarkeDaniel FishmanDaniel HungerfordDaniel KaplanDaniel PtashnyDaniel TunkelangDaniel VuDarryl NesterDave BrodbeckDave ConsiglioDave HaynieDavid BelairDavid CauneDavid FriedmanDavid GrayDavid JordanUser-13622872139888421089David WayneDean RubineDeborah GahmDebdutta Paul (দেবদত্ত পাল)Deepak SinghanwalDeeptanshu SinghDeepthi AmarasuriyaAdel JardinDelaney SmithDelphie BellDerek HarknessDerek SchmittDesmond NgDevangana MandDiana WeissendDiane DitoDiane ShattoDipankar Bhattacharya (দীপঙ্কর ভট্টাচার্য)Dimosthenis E. GkotsisDirk HooperDivyansh MundraDmitriy GenzelDoug HughesDouglas TrickeyDushka ZapataEamon O'KellyUser-11769058717744742420User-13723123737244077089Elke WeissEllen SassaniElliott MasonElliott YoonEmad NoujeimEmily FisherUser-12500860392102405041Emily RaeUser-11217524581462115924Emlyn ShenEmma SetoEmmanuel-Francis Nwaolisa OgomegbunamEric DrewEric JangEric PlattEric ValorErik FairErika SniederErin SuErnest W. 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Brian WatkinsJack FraserJacky DrorUser-12884932132997233114Jade KandelJae Alexis LeeJae StarrJaime PotterJake WilliamsJames AltucherJames ChanHenry JonesJames HenryJamie OglethorpeJane Chin (陳盈錦)Janet BergJanice PersonJanie KeddieJanine BlackburnUser-9356159848970034722Jason DiproseJason RobinsonJason WellsJason WhyteJawad YuwonoJay BollJay YadawaJeanine JoyJeff BarryJeffrey FerreriJeff KayJeff LeeJeff WrightJeffrey BrenderJeffrey WangJen GellerJennifer EdeburnJennifer MillerJeremy Markeith ThompsonJessamine SobkowJessica BurdeJhon Robert CrebilloJiří KrocJitha JohnyJoe BuettnerJoe HomanJohan ErasmusJohn BartramJohn ChallisJohn ChesireJohn FernandezJohn James MortonJohn Kyle VarleyJohn LightUser-9481551922915279542John RedfordJon GreenJones AverinoJoonas VakkilainenJordan BurkeJordan YatesJos BuurmanJoseph HeavnerJosh BarkerUser-12696622118709227894Josh LimJulie GatesUser-10609854004858545994Justin FrancoJustin RobertsonKala FitchUser-13679143266195040596Karan Samal (करन सामल)Karen ArluckKaren TiedeKarishma KankariaUser-9538306681236654761 (User-11288431634881741169)Kasey LoftyKat RectenwaldKatakam Manas TejaKathleen GraceKathleen MaloneyUser-12530685792207705755Kathryn BerckKathryn SteenburghKatie GroganKatja KailaKayee TongKeith AlbertKeith HigaKeith RobisonKelly EricksonKelly KinkadeKelsey L. 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SmithRich KosibaRichard GuyRick BrunoRick LembergUser-11845133687804780770Rob HannaRobby GoetschalckxRobert BielRobert BlackRobyn LockhartRobbert MichelRohan JainRonnel DavisRoss CohenRozalin MohantyRugwed SomanRupert BainesRyan Fox SquireRyan ToyotaSabrina DeepSadid HasanSahajpal OberoiSanjay MishraSanket KulkarniSapna UllalSarang SharmaSayantika NathScott DanzigScott GosnellSean KernanSeth PaceUser-12476221993483275457Shane ThomasShannon FisherUser-10864639442875399048 (User-11880874722395825908)Sheena HockingShehroz KhanShelby CockhillUser-9426636478585467412Shenandoah DuraideivamaniSheridan AdmetusElizabeth MeadeShiva NaiduShradha SainiShravani BabladiShravani PandeShreeram MuraliShreesha BhatShreya ThackerShubhangi SharmaShulamit WidawskyUser-12125117475950440112Silva KeohulianSimon HugginsSjur O. 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JohnsonThomas LewandowskiThomas WierThorsten ReitzTikhon JelvisTim ColeTimothy JohnsonTim O’PryTim PrendergastTiny NairTom ByronTom CrosleyTom EisenmanTom HaxtonTony de AraujoTori WalkerTy DoyleTyler PascoTyler JohnsVarun MatlaniVenkat RamanVicente S. VelascoVicky PrestVikas SaxenaVinod SehgalVishak RamanVishnu ElayathVishwas LondheVivek MurugesanVL SrinivasVruta GupteWendi TibbetsUser-11947834129243635495Will WisterWilliam E Donges IIIWilliam MurphyWinonah DrakeWisnu NugrohoWray RivesXavier AmatriainUser-12616619705513344996Yash GeryaniYash Pratap Singh (यश प्रताप सिंह)Yashee SinhaYassine AlouiniYoni FriedmanYuan GaZack GroganZane JakobsSadly Quora doesn’t provide a list anymore so I’ll have to update when the wiki in this answer updates. Or when people tell me.

Simpler question is what isn't. Gut bacteria influence our entire physiology from the basic such as what and how much we eat to the synthesis of essential vitamins, from our immune function and metabolism to even our mood. The study of microbiota, much of it mouse model data, has exploded over the past decade. Instead, I specifically highlight human data from peer-reviewed scientific studies.Antibiotic usage, diet, hygiene and lifestyle shape our microbiota, particularly gut microbiota. In turn, they shape our immune and metabolic function.From 1Let's start from first principles. Food. How do microbes control our eating behavior?From 2. I highlight human data in purple.They influence our reward pathway. After all, our enteric (gut-associated) nervous system is the major source of dopamine and serotonin (3, 4).They modulate our taste perception (5).They play on our vagus nerve as a musician plays his instrument (6, 7). What's the importance of the vagus nerve? It's the main nerve communication between our gut and brain.Our gut microbiota is exquisitely adapted to our diet.a) One of the most compelling examples is of a gut bacterium found in the Japanese. Bacteroides plebeius has a horizontally transferred gene from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans that gives it the capacity to digest seaweed polysaccharides (8). In fact, human-associated bacteria have a 25-fold higher rate of gene transfer compared to bacteria in other environments (9), implying host-microbe association imposes stringent selection pressures on our microbiota.b) Obese have altered gut microbiota with reduced diversity and greater variability (10, 11, 12, 13).c) US population microbiome appears adapted for a high-fat, high-protein diet while that of people living in rural Malawi and the Amazonas in Venezuela for breaking down complex carbohydrates (14).Gut microbes influence every aspect of our physiologyWhat about the rest of our body functions? Even surprising ones such as metabolism and behavior are profoundly influenced by our microbiota.From 15Our metabolome refers to the variety of metabolites present in our blood circulation. About a third of our metabolome is estimated to be of microbial origin. Using our circulation system as their communication network, animal model studies show that our microbial products can reach every part of our body (16, 17, 18), and influence the metabolism and physiology of distant organs and each other. For example, people with symptomatic atherosclerosis have altered gut microbiota (19). A potential mechanism by which our gut microbes could jeopardize cardiovascular health is through conversion of dietary phosphatidylcholine into the proatherosclerotic metabolite, trimethylamine (20), a result that needs to be independently verified.Possible Gut-Brain communication mechanismsFrom 21Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Colonic gut microbes digest dietary carbohydrates to generate SCFA such as acetate, butyrate and propionate (22). Signaling through G protein coupled receptors such as (GPRs), GPR41 and GPR43, SCFA induce colonic motility, regulate appetite (23) and even suppress colon cancer (24) in human colon cancer cell lines. While colon cells (colonocytes) use butyrate as an energy source, acetate and propionate enter the blood stream and thence to other organs (25, 26). These SCFAs can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (27).Gut microbiota can also modulate neurotransmitters within the gut. This includes acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, histamines, melatonin and serotonin. Gut microbes can express and secrete neuropeptide-like molecules that could influence behavior and emotion (28, 29).Tryptophan is an essential amino acid we only get from our diet (30), and is the precursor of serotonin (31), most of it synthesized by our gut enterochromaffin cells and enteric nerves (32, 33, 34).Gut microbes synthesize vitamins essential for nervous system function. For example, Lactobacillus reuteri is a major source of Vitamin B12 or cobalamin (35), a vitamin important for the development of the nervous system (36).GI diseases and psychiatric comorbiditiesCause and effect or correlation?While that's still debatable, up to 80% of patients with GI diseases (IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome; IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease) also have psychiatric illnesses such as depression and anxiety (37, 38, 39). Changes in psychological activities are seen both before and after diagnosis of IBD.Serum cortisol, a marker of elevated anxiety, was reduced in patients who consumed probiotics, Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum (40) while healthy subjects showed significantly less psychological distress compared to the placebo group in a double- blind, placebo-controlled, randomized parallel group clinical trial with the same probiotic mixture for 30 days (41).Treatment with a probiotic- containing milk drink resulted in improved mood and cognition in healthy subjects when compared to the placebo group (42).There are signs of cognitive impairment in IBS patients (43).After 4 weeks of treatment with a fermented milk product with probiotics, healthy women volunteers performed a specific cognition test faster (44). Analysis of their brain function indicated specific uptick in activity in regions innervated by serotonergic nerves.Neuroimaging studies suggest abnormal brain function in GI disorders. This includes thinning of the anterior cingulate and insular cortex, and increased activation of the thalamus, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex of IBS patients (45, 46).Lactobacillus and Clostridium species are reduced in stool samples from IBS patients (47, 48).Deconstructing our Gut microbe-Brain connectionHow to infer a connection between our gut microbiota and brain? We could if specifically targeting microbes affected our brain and/or behavior. Antibiotics directly and specifically target microbes. If antibiotic therapy also resulted in any change in brain function and/or behavior, it could be inferred as evidence of microbe-brain connection. As a direct effect, gut microbes synthesize vitamins essential for brain function.Hepatic EncephalopathyIn the first stages of liver disease, cirrhosis, the liver compensates to perform its functions. In later stages, it can no longer compensate. At this stage, there is attendant encephalopathy (degeneration of brain function). Several lines of evidence suggest a link between gut microbiota disturbance (dysbiosis), liver disease and brain function.Oral antibiotics can reverse encephalopathy in decompensated liver disease patients (49, 50, 51)Compared to healthy controls, encephalopathic cirrhosis patients have altered gut microflora (52, 53).In particular, reduced Alcaligenaceae and Porphyromonadaceae and increased Enterococcus, Megasphaera and Burkholderia correlate with poor cognition and increased inflammation in encephalopathic patients with cirrhosis and cognitive dysfunction (54, 55).AutismMost children with Autism often experience a range of GI problems (56).Disease onset usually follows antimicrobial use in a high percentage of late-onset Autism (18–24 mo of age) children having a history of extensive antibiotic use. One study observed a 10-fold increase in certain clusters of Clostridium spp in stool samples from Autistic children compared with healthy controls. The authors speculated that exposure to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole rather than exposure to other antibiotics could be linked to the diagnosis of late-onset Autism since the former are not effective against Clostridium spp, while oral vancomycin specifically targets Gram positive organisms which include Clostridium spp (57). Increased clostridial species in stool samples of Autistic patients was confirmed by another study (58). Indeed, oral vancomycin treatment showed a decrease in Autistic symptoms, while relapse occurred following cessation of treatment (59).Clostridia spores are also implicated in the high rates of Autism seen among siblings (60).Real time qPCR (61) and culture-based microbiota (57) profiling techniques suggest that alteration in microbiota may contribute to disease phenotype.Intestinal biopsy of late-onset Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients revealed reductions in Bifidobacterium spp. and the mucolytic bacterium Akkermansia mucini­phila (62).Late-onset Autism patients have marked reduction in Bacteroides and Prevotella species and increase in Sutterella species compared to controls (63, 64, 65, 66).At least one study refutes differences in gut microbiota between Autistic patients and controls (67). Possible reasons for the different result could be they used a different approach for taking samples and used a different technique for microbiome analysis.Altered expression in the ileum of carbohydrate transporters such as hexoses and for enzymes such as disaccharidases suggest a role for carbohydrate malabsorption in Autism (68).Urine and fecal sample metabolites are different in Autism patients (69, 70, 71, 72).Casein- and gluten-free diets are reported to improve behavior of patients with Autism (73, 74, 75).Problems with many Autism-GI disorder association studiesThey study different types of populations (possibly different diseases).Population sizes differ considerably between studies.Different studies use different controls.Do not control for the unique diets of the patients. Diet itself could be a reason for different gut microbe distribution in patients compared to controls.A better controlled and more comprehensive US study (76) examined 589 patients with a history of familial ASD and their unaffected sibling controls. Separating 'Full' from 'Spectrum', they reported constipation (20%) and chronic diarrhea (19%) as the most common symptoms among those with 'Full' Autism. Another study of >140000 ASD patients showed higher prevalence of IBD (0.83% vs 0.54%) and other bowel disorders (11.74% vs 4.5%) compared to hospitalized controls (77).This comprehensive table summarizes findings from various Autism-GI disorder association studiesFrom 78Antibiotic associated behavior changesSometimes antibiotics are associated with behavioral changes spanning insomnia, mood alteration (79, 80), to mania, particularly in elderly patients, ('antibomania') (81).BibliographySommer, Felix, and Fredrik Bäckhed. "The gut microbiota—masters of host development and physiology." 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