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Very Recently in India (Relatively Recently):-I was defending a client in a Section 138 NI Case (Cheque Bounce Case).Client had paid a Cheque of Rs. 20 Lacs to the Owner of a Property to receive the Property Documents (Xerox Copies/Photocopies) for Legal Opinion. The Property Documents showed flaws and so the Client returned the Documents to the Owner of the Property and demanded his Cheque Back. The Cheque was issued with the Understanding that the Cheque was purely a Deposit for the Photocopied Documents. Both parties acknowledged the same vide an Email sent by my Client the following Friday asking for the Cheque to be returned to him as it was purely for Security deposit which the Property Owner agreed to and confirmed that he would on Monday.The Owner promised to give the Cheque, instead he deposited the Cheque and filed a Wrongful Section 138 NI Case.The Owner claimed he had given a Loan of Rs. 20 Lacs to my client and my client was to repay the funds.Case went to Trial. My client had written behind the Cheque and signed “This Cheque is NOT FOR DEPOSIT. It is a security for Photocopies of Property Documents” [Actually he had written NOT FOR DEPOSIT. NOT IN LIEU OF DEBT. FOR SECURITY ONLY and he had signed the same]Now the Case was heard by Respected (????????????????????????) Magistrate who refused to accept the writing behind the cheque as my clients - claiming that my client did not write it and the OWNER wrote it (WHY SHOULD THE OWNER WRITE IT???) and also refused to do a handwriting test or a signature test for the reverse of the cheque. The magistrate said “If your client issued a cheque, it means he must have borrowed the money -otherwise why should he issue the cheque”Now the Magsitrate ordered my client to pay Rs. 4 Lacs immediately as deposit under the latest laws. My Client agreed and decided to pay 4 Lacs to the PROPERTY OWNER (Complainant) vide Pay Order (Against my advice. I advised him to abscond and delay trial till an Interim Petition could be filed at HC)Now Property Owner was asked about details of the debt and Property owner was asked questions (When did you lend? What documents do you have as proof?). Magistrate immediately ordered “No Questions. If a cheque is issued, Debt must have been taken”I requested to call two witnesses - both of whom could testify that the cheque was just a deposit but Magisrate denied it. He accused me of wasting the courts time.I then presented two emails by the Property Owner to my Client confirming that the Cheque was issued in lieu of deposit only (In one mail he says - “I confirm the cheque will not be presented”) - again Denied. Magistrate said “I dont need to see all this email nonsense. Cheque was issued so there should have been debt”Bottom line - Magistrates decision from day 1 was - If my client had written a cheque, it meant the Cheque was issued in lieu of debt and Property Owner had to show no proof of debt.Five Interim Applications all turned down (One for Signature Attestation, Two for Signature Verification, Three for Proof of Debt from Property Owner, Four for requesting for witnesses, Five for requesting for Emails to the Property Owner). Defence shot to hell and Prosecution consisting of 1 Single Witness who spoke for around 10 minutes.Of course Magistrate found Client guilty - ordered him to pay 40 Lacs and 1 year imprisonment. Case completed in a record 5 1/2 months because my client was Gandhis Grandson (Sarcastic- I mean he was Honest to the Bone)Currently an Appeal has been lodged at the Sessions Court where Client has been ordered to cough up Rs. 6 Lacs more.Luckily Sessions Judge seems better. She actually listened about the writing on the rear of the cheque and agreed to a handwriting analysis. She also sent Notice to the Complainant and demanded Proof of Debt or details of debt.So maybe Client will get a breakWARNING - NEVER EVER EVER EVER ISSUE A CHEQUE AS SECURITY IN INDIA. IF YOU WRITE A CHEQUE ASSUME - ALWAYS ASSUME IT WILL BE PRESENTED AND YOU HAVE TO PAY. DONT WRITE BLANK SIGNED CHEQUES. IN EVERY SINGLE CASE MAGISTRATES ARE TOO DENSE TO BOTHER ABOUT DETAILS. THEY WILL CONVICT WITHOUT A MINUTES HESITATIONADVISE - IF YOU FIND AN UNFAIR CHEQUE BOUNCE CASE AGAINST YOU - GET A LAWYER AND ABSCOND. ALLOW THE COMPLAINANT TO SWEAT IT OUT, MEANWHILE TALK TO THE CLERKS OF THE COURT AND FORCE A SETTLEMENT. OTHERWISE GET IT DISMISSED AT HIGH COURT.EDIT:-By the way just got info that the Property Owner has around 9 Cases of Cheating and Cheque Bounces against him in various courts in Chennai and Trichy right from 2017 onwards. He must have been desperate for money and must have gambled that my client had the funds to use for paying off/settling off some debtor.

As a Manager working in a public sector bank, I think I'm pretty qualified to answer this question. Not only unjustified but also exorbitantly priced.Savings accounts:-Minimum balance charges - there might be a reason why the customer is not monitoring or not able to maintain the required minimum balance. Rs.148Signature change charges - if the customer wishes to change his/her signature they've to pay a amount. Rs.118Signature attestation charges - if the customer wishes to take a loan from a finance company with cheques from his/her account , the Finance company asks to get the signature verified. For this at present a mid sized bank like ours charges Rs.118.New passbook issuance Rs.118 - the book itself barely costs Rs 3.50 according to our stationary indenture.If passbook is already issued, and the customer requests for a statement - it is going to coat them almost Rs.59 per A4 sheet.Aadhar authentication charges.Loan accounts :-Documentation charges - the customer himself pays for legal opinion, Engineer valuation reports, lien noting and stamp paper but the worst thing is paying for documentation charges which are barely 5 -6 sheets but are almost 1.5% of loan amount.Ledger folio charges - exorbitant - for every quarter they charge Rs.590 and upwards.Loan le lo THIRD PARTY PRODUCT ka saath jao.Upfront fees and processing fees - any one should do the job - but even according to circular i didn't find much difference but they're charged equally rough to the customer.Yearly loan account maintenance cum ledger charges.Cash handling charges - whenever they deposit cash if there are more packs (100 notes) .Sometimes, when I see people who live on pensions and remittances losing or getting charged even a small portion of their money it hurts me, as a guy who came from middle class like me knows the value of that small portion.