How To Fill Up Dtr: Fill & Download for Free

This picture (from the Getty Image library) shows the Voyager camera platform, which was mounted at the end of one of the three booms on the Voyager spacecraft. What we normally think of as the “camera” are the smaller openings on the left. The Narrow angle camera is the middle of the three openings, the dark spot covers the secondary mirror in the structure. The wide angle camera is on the bottom with the shade.[1][1][1][1] The tube at the top is the single pixel photopolarimiter sensor. The large item to the right is the infrared camera. The small square opening on the far right is the ulta-violet spectrometer (UVS).The Infrared Camera used a 128x128 Vidicon[2][2][2][2] sensor, and the Wide-Angle and Narrow Angle camera used 1024x1024 Vidicon sensors. Out of those 1024 “pixels” an active area of 800x800 was actually used for capturing images. These were “black and white” sensors, that did not produce color. Instead, each of the cameras had a set of color filters that only allowed certain bandwidths through at once. So each time they wanted to get a “color” image of a planet or moon, or whatever, they actually took at least three exposures through the camera, and then used photographic techniques back on Earth to combine them into a color image.Each of those 800x800 images was sampled at 256 shades of gray, meaning 8 bits per pixel. So a single black and white image represented 5,120,000 bits of data. A color image taken using multiple filters would be equivalent to “n” times that much data, where “n” is the number of filters used. Usually the items we think of as color photos from Voyager were shot through the Red, Green, and clear filters and then composited in a darkroom into a color image.[3][3][3][3]Each camera had a filter wheel with 8 slots for filters. The Narrow angle camera had 6 color filters, and two clear filters. The Wide angle camera had 1 clear filter and 7 colored filters. [4][4][4][4]And, now that you know what the pictures were composed of, we can see how they got from the camera to Earth.The Voyager probes were capable of taking up to 1800 images per day, but could not transmit anywhere near that amount of data in real time, so each of the Voyager probes has an 8-track digital tape recorder (DTR) that stores data in real time, and then can be rewound and used to play it back later. Each image was tagged with a name indicating which picture of the day they were, and which planet they were transiting at the time, which is why the Dione photos used to make the color image of Dione are numbered 0272S1, 0274S1, and 0276S1.This allowed the operators to know which images should be “played back” to Earth. Not all images were taken every day, and not all images were sent back either.All the pictures were sent back using the main high-gain antenna on the voyager spacecraft, this is the big, 3.7 meter radio dish that was (and still is) kept pointed directly at Earth.Using this antenna, there were four transmitters that could be used. The fastest of these was the 7200 bps (that’s bits per second) transmitter that was used when playing back the images from tape. The three other transmitters are:600 bps real-time Which allows for the data from the plasma field experiment, the particle impact detector, the plasma wave experiment, and the full data from the Ultraviolet Spectrometer. Additionally engineering data was also sent on this transmitter.160 bps - Which allows for the real-time acquistion of field, particles, and wave data, a subset of the UVS data, and the engineering data. This is the mode that Voyager is currently operating at in 2017.40 bps which allows only real-time engineering data, with no science data. This was used during “cruise” periods where the craft was hibernating.So, at 7200 bits per second, our 5.12 million bit images would take 712 seconds (711.111) to download. Of course, that assumes several things, first, that you’re willing to accept any bits that are lost or damaged in transit over several billion miles. Think about a bad cell phone call. No one wanted to lose that science, so they would actually add more data, known as Hamming codes[5][5][5][5] to find and correct errors in the data. This actually adds more data, so the time would go up.But, of course, it’s silly to send all the data without even thinking of compressing it. Back in 1977 when the software was written, there was no LZW compression (okay, LZ77 was published, but no one had implemented it yet) so we’re not talking about modern Zip compression. JPEG compression was decades out, and it would have damaged the underlying scientific data, as it is a lossy compression, so JPL would have used the well-understood Run-length encoding[6][6][6][6] methods to save space. With images that are mostly black (like pictures of planets in a star field) this will provide massive compression of the image, while still retaining a completely loss-less compression.Finally, the images were transmitted interleaved, so first all the even numbered lines, and then all the odd numbered lines. This meant that, even if there was a time where the signal dropped out, you still had a chance to fill in the data later as the second half of the interleave would come through and fill in at least half of the data that had dropped out.Typical RLE encoding of images returns a 3:1 compression ratio. That means we take our 5,120,000 bits down to 1,706,667 bits. Even adding Hamming codes, we’re now only at 2,682,000 (ish) bits per image. That means we can transmit it in 372 seconds instead of 712. And that’s with error correction.From what I understand, it took about 4–5 minutes for a typical voyager image to come down, so that’s not too far off. I’m sure they did a lot better than naive RLE and straight 7,4 Huffman codes.Finally, after Voyager 1 turned around and took the “Pale Blue Dot” image, the heater on the camera was turned off, and it’s unlikely they will ever be used again. Even the software for using the camera and compressing the images was removed from the Voyager computers. The hardware and software used on Earth has also been decommissioned, and no one remains at NASA or JPL with the skills to actually receive the image, if it were sent.At this distance, the best data stream we can still receive from Voyager 1 is the 160 bps feed. At this distance, even if Voyager could take a picture, it would likely take over 4 hours to download it from the edge of the solar system.So that’s how the images got from Voyager to Earth.Update: After answering this question, I decided to do a bit more research on the actual computers that Voyager used to send the data, and it turns out that there’s a few inaccuracies in my original answer.[7][7][7][7] First off, image compression was not actually used until the Voyager 2 Uranus encounter. Before then, the images were sent uncompressed.The cameras also did not make use of the “CPU” (actually a modified TTL logic circuit acting as a CPU) to write the images into memory. Instead a DMA (direct memory access) system read each line from the Vidicon tube in a 2.5ms period. Each line was written into 6400 bits of memory, but the memory on Voyager was 18 bit memory, meaning that only 400 words of memory were used. This was about 10% of the CMOS memory available for science data, so the data would then be immediately written to the DTR usually 1 line behind where the camera was writing it into memory.Voyager actually had three computers aboard, the Command and Control subsystem, which manages the hardware, power, and other two computers, was a custom built GE 18-bit TTL logic circuit that was identical to the ones used on the Viking landers. It ran at about 25 KHz. That’s 25,000 instructions per second, barely more than the 24,000 that landed the Apollo LEM.The Attitude Control System was a modified version of the CCS CPU that had been re-tuned to run at 80,000 instructions per second, which allowed it to handle all of the flight modes including the final “kick stage” that sent the probe towards Jupiter.Finally, the Data Science CPU was a hand-made CMOS and TTL computer custom built just for Voyager. It actually serially processed 4 bits per cycle, so was similar to a 4 bit CPU. It was also the first computer on any space probe to make use of CMOS memory rather than wire-core memory.There were two copies of each computer on board Voyager. These weren’t small beasts either, each one weighing in around 16 kg.Most of the modern probes run radiation hardened variations of RISC R6000 chips, or Intel 80386 chips — for example, the ISS runs on 80386 SX-20 chips.Footnotes[1] p143b[1] p143b[1] p143b[1] p143b[2] Video camera tube - Wikipedia[2] Video camera tube - Wikipedia[2] Video camera tube - Wikipedia[2] Video camera tube - Wikipedia[3] p147[3] p147[3] p147[3] p147[4] appendix a[4] appendix a[4] appendix a[4] appendix a[5] Hamming code - Wikipedia[5] Hamming code - Wikipedia[5] Hamming code - Wikipedia[5] Hamming code - Wikipedia[6] Run-length encoding - Wikipedia[6] Run-length encoding - Wikipedia[6] Run-length encoding - Wikipedia[6] Run-length encoding - Wikipedia[7] Ch6-2[7] Ch6-2[7] Ch6-2[7] Ch6-2

So I don’t have as heart breaking of stories as everyone else here, since mine still sorta has a fairy tale ending as of right now (I’m still young, so that could change)So when I was around the age of 12, I met a guy at a convention, and even then, as a guy that liked guys (and girls, sorta relevant), when I saw him and fell in love with him I was like “Oh shit, this is where my heart gets destroyed again.” This is also coming from me getting out of an emotionally abusive relationship with a different guy, and then swearing off men a few months prior. So, I saw him and I was absolutely terrified, I wanted to follow my heart but I was also put into protection mode by him. So, anyway, at some point I managed to work up the courage to go and talk to him, just wanting to know who he was. He seemed like he was a bit of an outcast, and he had nobody he knew, at least that’s what I told myself was why I was talking to him. The names he gave me (At least 3) didn’t fit in my mind, and he mentioned that as long as I told him what I was going to call him, he’d respond, so I told him that he would be known to me as “Blue Hair” because he had very vibrant blue hair.So skip a bit, it’s now Saturday night, or maybe early Sunday morning (For those who don’t know, most conventions run Thursday or Friday to Sunday afternoon of the weekend they’re set for) since we had been staying up all night during this time, we were all a bit tired and just talking and hanging out, I was a pretty touchy person, so I was laying on his chest and talking with everyone. Finally as we’re all deciding it’s getting to the point where we’re all going to pass out because we’ve been running on caffeine for 2 days straight basically, I decide to make the one move that probably changed my life. I asked him for his Skype information, because we all mentioned that we had a Skype, so we added each other.Skip some more, we’re talking nearly every day on Skype, video calling, voice calling, texting, just getting to know each other well, often times just going back and fourth asking each other questions. So I finally ask him the question I’ve been dying to get the answer to for a while, (probably around half a year) “Do you like me?” (Keep in mind, I was 12, someone liking me was like they were asking for my hand in marriage) And I get the answer I’ve been terrified of, “Yes.” Then he asks me, and we made a deal to answer truthfully, and I have integrity so I said yes, and that I had since I met him. So we both knew that there was something there.Finally, this is where I almost stopped believing in soulmates..he started to talk to me less and less, told me about this girl that he really liked, even had me meet her and that crushed me, I knew I was losing him, and that hurt a lot, finally, one day, I messaged him, and I never got a message back. At this point, while this may seem somewhat tangent-y, it’s somewhat interesting and pertains to me lacking the belief in a soulmate, I started to go around and date every person who said “Hey, you’re cute.” At the time, I basically was thinking “If it doesn’t work, it doesn’t matter, so I should date at many people as possible to get all the people who aren’t going to work out of the way.” I look back on it now, I was trying to get the attention of someone who didn’t even know I was dating random people, I was also attempting to fill that hole in my heart where he should have been. That’s how at 15, I manage to have over 40 ex boy and girlfriends.Anyway, skip to about a year and a quarter of me doing this, and I settle down, I used to look at pictures of him, and re-read our messages and cry because I still loved him and he didn’t love me. I thought he was most likely with that girl he introduced me to, and that he never liked me at all, I was just some annoying kid he had to put up with. I stopped doing that, I nearly never thought of him, he wasn’t a part of my life, and so I was over him.This is where I regained my thought that soulmates could existSummer of 2017 hits, I’m starting freshman year, but first, I need to make it through band camp, I dislike music by this point because it’s becoming a chore, so, I look at my phone a lot, and I was using Snapchat every day, and for people who use Snapchat, (Or even Facebook does have a feature like this) I happened to be browsing through “People you may know” and I see something that made me drop my phone, the face I hadn’t seen in over a year, one that was terrifying and exhilarating, the little avatar with blue hair was staring at me with the name “Blue Hair” under it, and it says we have each others phone number which was true. I was glad that this was during the break for dinner because I nearly screamed in joy when I saw he had a Snapchat, I ran over to a friend because I had to tell someone, but this friend was very new to me and had no clue about the entire backstory of this random guy that I was showing her. I calmed down a little bit, knowing not to impulse add him, so I started ignoring that he was there, just continuing to use Snapchat as I had before, when I suddenly see a notification that says “Blue Hair has added you as a friend” That was when I actually screamed in joy and added him back right away.That night when I got home, I told my best friend and ex boyfriend this story before everything he knew about this guy, and my friend was cautious of him and I talking because I had been hurt before, but I did it anyway. Problem was, at this time I was also dating a girl who was away for a while and I had told her that he was back in my life and that I still had feelings for him, trying to be honest with her, but I said that I wouldn’t leave her for him, and so I tried to avoid the subject of the fact that I was still in love with him (With him). Sadly, that didn’t last long, I told him I still loved him and that I had never stopped, he said he still cared for me too, at the time I was in a call with 2 of my friends, the ex and another mutual friend, and I didn’t mute my microphone as I got really excited, so they knew then that I was getting a second chance with this person and neither of them liked it because they still thought I was going to be hurt or I was going to hurt my girlfriend, and they had been trying for a long time to help with my depression, so if I got my hopes up and crashed, they knew they would get the shitstorm for lack of a better word.Skip a few weeks later, band camp is taking a break for a few weeks, so my parents had planned a trip for a week and a half to Ireland, I was excited and sad, since I didn’t have international data so I couldn’t talk to my girlfriend (who was still away) or Blue. (Since Blue Hair is just a mouthful, I started calling him Blue) Come the night of July 14 2017, I ended my relationship with the girl, she had come back into town and had access to her phone again, and I had one of my friends help me type up a long breakup paragraph to her. July 15 was uneventful, and finally, July 16 2017, I’m talking to a friend who tells me I need to “DTR” (Define The Relationship) and so I ask him “What should I call you” and he tells me “Call me your boyfriend” So 2 years and a few months after I met him, I started dating him, and we’re going to be celebrating our first anniversary together in about a week.So that is my long winded, 3 years of story, and that’s how I lost (and regained) someone who I believe is my soulmate. Thing is, I’m still only 15, I may lose him yet. If ya made it this far, props to you.

When he talks to you about real things like how your day went or a movie he was interested in that he thought you might like. If the only time he ever contact you is to talk to you about things that have a sexual undertone to them you are probably one of many women he has on his list and I would delete him.Things to consider;does he only call you late at nightdoes he ask you for pictures of you or does he ask you for nude pictures.Does he send inappropriate pictures himself.Does he ask you questions about things that interest you and then later does he follow up by asking you about situations or events that you've discussed in the past as they relate to your life.Is he single.Did you meet him on a dating site?Has he told you he likes you? There are many apps you can get for free that can show you how many times someone checked your profile on social networks, you should install one of them and find out if he checks your profile several times a day or not at all. I know when I like somebody I will look through several of their pictures or check their page to see what funny memes or videos they posted. I don't want to look like a stocker or a troll so I don't always like or comment on the posts so one would not really have an idea if I had seen anything of interest or never visited the page in the first place. Without directly asking me if I was interested in them you probably would never have any idea that I spent so much time thinking about someone.Which leads me to my very last suggestion which is…just come straight out and ask him.But do it in a cool way. Don't try to DTR if he has made no indications whatsoever that that is what this is moving towards. But you can ask if you leading questions without appearing to be manipulative or clingy. Here's a couple that I have actually used in the past that works for me to be able to tell whether the person was interestedI changed them up a little bit to make them more current since I've been married for the last eight years and I haven't had much occasion to use these in a while. But this method has literally been the catalyst to every long-term relationship I have ever had.Step one try NOT to lie. (too much)begin a dialogue with him talking excitedly about an upcoming event.Try to use a real event that's actually happening your life and don't just make up some random party or concert or something that can easily be proven not true and then he won't have anything to do with you. So base this in reality please.OK so as you're telling him about this event let's say for example it's a party coming up on Friday.Adjust this formula and the minor details however you want to make it more true. The underlying psychology of it is that it will cause him to start thinking of you in a relationship manager and he will either feel the need to be an alpha and figuratively Pee on your leg or to set you straight let you know that it's not happening with a third option which is the most annoying one he will continue to be evasive and nothing will come of it.Tell him that you are stuck on an outfit to wear because on one hand you have a new outfit that would look banging on you and on the other hand there's this guy that has been trying his hardest to hook up with you and so far you've been successful at avoiding him and the situation but you know he's going to be at this party.Fine -tune the details to fit your lifestyle. Jokingly with a little smiley face with the tear drop emoticon after you say this tell him“I wish you lived closer you could totally come with me and be my fauxbeau (pretend boyfriend) lol.That would get him off my a** for a night.So what do I wear do I slay or no way?(there's a 99.999% chance that he is going to say I don't know wear what you want)To which you reply"what I want is to look good and have fun with my friends, but I could do without the obnoxious flirting and cheesy one-liners you know I'm saying. I mean don't get me wrong he's OK and all, I'm just not interested in him like that.give him a second to process what you said. This gives them time to realize you're not an attention grabbing thot and you are not out there flirting with every guy that passes by. Plus you are considerate of others feelings. Also when you stress that you're not interested in him like that it leaves it open for him to ask who are you interested in like that giving you the opportunity to say there's somebody right now that has my attention. But don't specify directly that you like him leave it open to him to try to pry it out of you but don't keep going with it if he asked a second time just tell him “I don't know you're all right I could stand spend some time with you” because if he asks a couple of times that he is absolutely definitely interested and he likes you. At this point you can forgo the rest of the script below and just talk amongst yourselves about your new blooming relationship however if he doesn't take the bait keep readingSo tight skirt or yoga pants I need a guys opinion on this. Want to see my options? I can send you a couple of pics or you could always hop in an Uber and I'll see you in several hours and I can dress as hot as I want to because I have my fauxbeau with me.then laugh and tell him you're just kidding you know how expensive Uber is but if he was closer he would totally have your back right?Now you wait and see how he responds.Here is also an opportunity where you can send him some pictures of you all decked out looking your hottest, and send him pictures showing him that even at your worst a.k.a. in yoga pants you still are drop dead gorgeous. Make sure you prepare for this before the conversation otherwise. You will be scrambling around trying to find something to wear and trying to get your make up and hair done quickly and that just doesn't work.Depending on his answer on whether or not he would be your pretend date tonight is how you will judge where to proceed with him ieif he said of course he would be your fake date then you can laugh about it and you can take that as far as you want.Or you can drop it knowing that you planted the seed in his mind and wait for that seed to grow into a thought and that thought would be dating you.If he is into you and has a lot of confidence he will most likely say something along the lines of why I would have to be a pretend boyfriend ?To which you can reply with sorry didn't know you wanted to be the real boyfriend. And continue the conversation much like this never being the one to defined the relationship continue to volley ball back into his court allowing the ultimate defining to be on him.this method works 99% of the time there are many variations of it including seeing a really hot guy at a club and going up to him and saying hey there's this creeper that is kind of freaking me out following me around and he just offered to buy me a drink but panicked and told him I was here with my boyfriend do you mind if I just hang with you for a minute until he goes away. You were the most (fill in with manly attribute such as built tough strong alpha whatever) looking guy I saw I hope you don't mind.Even if you are Quasimodo's twin sister more than likely the guy is going to have that feeling like you need to protect you and he'll either tell you you could stay with him or he'll put his arm around you or what not. I have never ever had a guy tell me no go away. One time I had a guy say my girlfriend is in the bathroom but she'll be right back and she's totally cool you can hang out with us she'll go along with it , and she did her name is Angie we're still friends to this day.Is this the kind of opening line do you want to use on somebody when you're looking for a forever kind of thing no you don't want to start a relationship Ally. However it's pretty much science that for some reason the hotter the guys you hang out with are the hotter the guys there attracted to you are. Once a guy finds out that you're dating somebody attractive they have some thing in their DNA that makes them need to compete for your attention. And this works even if it's someone seeing posts on your Facebook of you and your friends and your friends are all extremely attractive you instantly raise your value aesthetically speaking in their eyes. The problem with that comes in the form of would you want to date someone who judges you by who you hangout with?????Just a little food for thought.Good luck and please if any of this scores you and your dreams leave a reply and let me know how it work out for you. And I seriously hope that none of my exes read this ha ha XOXO Hillary