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Is there any proof that Queen Jane I of England actually existed?

Proof? Here you go - have a nice day out in the archives. All credit to A Primary Source Bibliography on the subject of Lady Jane Grey Dudley, England's Nine Days Queen of July 1553.Manuscript Primary Sources:British Library, LondonAdditional 10617 – Seventeenth-century transcriptions of National Archives Public Record Office, Kings Bench 8/22–25Additional 12065 – Sixteenth-century transcript of John Dudley’s Scaffold SpeechAdditional 14024 – Seventeenth- or eighteenth-century transcriptions of Privy Council Register from reign of Edward VIAdditional 15215 – Anonymous sixteenth-century chronicle of Wyatt’s RebellionAdditional 18738 – Letter from Privy Council dated 15 July 1553Additional 22563 – 1833 transcript of letter from Privy Council to the Sheriff of Wiltshire in the name of Queen Jane, 7 July 1553Additional 26748 – Minutes of the Privy Council for late-1553Additional 33230 – Letter from officials in Kent noting they had proclaimed Mary as Queen, 19 July 1553Additional 34152 – Letters from persons in Kent related to Wyatt’s RebellionAdditional 48036 – Seventeenth-century transcript of Acts of Privy Council for Mary and PhilipCotton Caligula B IX/1 – Notes on matters of the succession in England, 1556–1570Cotton Galba B XII – Originals of letters from Edward and the Privy Council to the English Ambassadors in BrusselsCotton Julius B IX – Register of Grants, etc. under the Great Seal, 1551–1553Cotton Julius F VI – Sixteenth-century transcription of a fifteenth-century treatise against accession to the Crown by a woman and of proclamation of accession of Queen JaneCotton Titus B II – Letter from Mary to Earl of Sussex to raise forces in her defense, 29 July 1553Cotton Vespasian F III – Mary’s proclamation against Sir Thomas WyattCotton Vitellius F XII – St Edmund’s Chronicle of London, 1189–1555Egerton 2009–2012 – Four-volume set of madrigal, motets, etc. in four voices, including a ballad about Queen JaneEgerton 2148 – Thomas Hoby’s ‘Booke of the Trauaile and lief of me’Egerton 2642 – A sixteenth-century almanac, includes chronicle of events of 1553Egerton 2986 – Letter from Francis Hastings reporting capture of Henry Grey, February 1554Harley 284 – Contemporary transcript of John Dudley’s scaffold speechHarley 353 – Contemporary copies of sixteenth-century letters and papersHarley 416 – Papers of John Foxe, accessible only via British Library microfilmHarley 422 – Papers of John Foxe, accessible only via British Library microfilmHarley 424 – Papers of John Foxe, accessible only via British Library microfilmHarley 425 – Papers of John Foxe, accessible only via British Library microfilmHarley 523 – Contemporary copies of papers of the Privy Council for reign of Edward VIHarley 2194 – Late-seventeenth-century transcript of records of Lords High Steward of EnglandHarley 2342 – Lady Jane Grey’s prayer-book. Accessible only via British Library microfilm. Sometimes on display in the British Library‘s ‘Treasures’ exhibition.Harley 2370 – De Arte Moriendi, containing copy of Jane Grey’s letter to her sister, February 1554Lansdowne 2 – William Cecil’s copy of Jane Grey’s letter to Thomas HardingLansdowne 3 – Original letters to and from the Privy Council, July 1553Lansdowne103 – Papers of William Cecil, Lord BurghleyLansdowne 104 – Papers of William Cecil, Lord BurghleyLansdowne 198 – Royal Proclamations 1504–1642Lansdowne 1236 – Original letters, including several under autograph signature of Queen Jane, 11 July 1553Royal 12A XXVI – Late-seventeenth-century transcript of John Dudley’s speech from the scaffoldRoyal 18C XXIV – Original register of all bills signed by King and Privy Council from 19 October 1551Sloane 1086 – Book of heraldic emblems, including Grey family bannerSloane 3011 – Regole et Institutioni della Lingua Thoscana, by Michelangelo Florio, inscribed to Lady Jane GreyCambridge University LibraryDd. XI.46, Regole de la lingua Thoscana by Michelangelo FlorioCorporation of London Record OfficeThe Repertories of the Court of Aldermen, 1485–1835Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington , D.C.Loseley L.b.24 – Letter from Queen Jane to Thomas Cawarden, 16 July 1553Loseley L.b.341 – Letter from Queen Mary to Thomas Cawarden, January 1554Loseley L.b.342 – Letters Patent of Edward VI granting offices to Thomas CawardenLoseley L.b.503 – Letter from Privy Council to Thomas Cawarden, 9 July 1553Loseley L.b.504 – Letter from Henry Grey to Thomas Cawarden, 16 July 1553National Archives at Kew, LondonC 1/1289 – Records of lawsuit, related to Chancery 1/1301C 1/1301 – Lawsuit catalogued as ‘time of Queen Jane’E 101/631 – Inventory of John Dudley’s properties seized in August 1553E 154/2 – Inventory of John Dudley’s properties seized in August 1553E 154/6 – Inventory of John Dudley’s properties seized in August 1553KB 8/22–25 – Documents related to trial of Jane and Guildford Dudley et al., 13 November 1553LR 2/118 – Inventory of John Dudley’s properties seized in August 1553LR 2/119 – Inventory of John Dudley’s properties seized in August 1553LR 2/120 – Inventory of John Dudley’s properties seized in August 1553SP 10/5/4–5, Extract 94/2/1–2 – Jane Grey’s letter to Thomas Seymour, 1548SP 10/15/79 – Letters and papers of the reign of Edward VIHatfield House (UK)Salisbury 1 – Drafts of diplomatic letters, July 1553Salisbury 133 – Documents related to trial of Thomas Seymour, 1549Salisbury 138 – Documents related to trial of Thomas Seymour, 1549Salisbury 150 – Documents related to trial of Thomas Seymour, 1549Salisbury 198 – Diplomatic letters, June and July 1553All accessible only via microfilm at Folger Shakespeare Library (Washington, DC) as Folger Shakespeare Library microfilms number 164, reels 1, 30, 39, and 52, or in the same format at the British Library (London) or via The Cecil Papers subscription-only online database.Surrey History Centre, Woking (UK)Loseley COR 3 – Original letters from Queen Jane and Privy Council to officials in SurreyLoseley 2014 – Original letters from Queen Jane and Privy Council to official in SurreyLoseley 6729/3 – Original letters under autograph signature of Queen JaneUnclassified 1922 – Original copy of proclamation of accession of Queen JanePrinted Primary Sources:Acts of the Privy Council of England, New Series, Vol. III . A.D. 1550–1552. Edited by John Roche Dasent. London: HMSO, 1891.Anon. The life, death and actions of the most chast, learned, and religious lady, the Lady Iane Gray, daughter to the Duke of Suffolke Containing foure principall discourses written with her owne hands. The first an admonition to such as are weake in faith: the second a catechisme: the third an exhortation to her sister: and the last her words at her death. London: Printed by G. Eld, for John Wright, 1615. Accessible via Early English Books Online (subscription only).Ascham, Roger. The Scholemaster, or plaine and perfite way of teachyng children, to understand, write, and speake, the latin tong, but specially purposed for the private brynging up of youth in Jentlemen and Noble mens houses.... London: John Daye, 1570. Accessible via Early English Books Online.Ascham, Roger. The Whole Works of Roger Ascham. Edited by J. A. Giles. New York: AMS Press, 1965; reprinted from edition of London: John Russell Smith, 1864.Calendar of Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic of the Reign of Henry VIII, 1509–1545, Preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and Elsewhere in England. Edited by James Gairdner. London: Published for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by Longman, l826 and Vaduz: Kraus Reprint, 1965.Calendar of Letters and State Papers Relating to English Affairs, preserved principally in the Archives of Simancas, Vol. 1: Elizabeth I: 1558–1567. Edited by Martin A. Hume. Nendeln, Liechtestein: Kraus Reprints, 1971.Calendar of Letters, Despatches, and State Papers relating to negotiations between England and Spain,Vol. XI: Edward VI and Mary. Edited by Royall Tyler. London: HMSO, 1916 and Nendeln, Lichtenstein, 1969.Calendar of Letters, Despatches, and State Papers relating to negotiations between England and Spain,Vol. XII: Mary I: January–July 1554. Edited by Royall Tyler. London: HMSO, 1916 and Nendeln, Lichtenstein, 1969.The Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London. Edited by John Gough Nichols. London: The Camden Society, 1852.The Chronicle of Queen Jane, and of Two Years of Queen Mary, and especially of the Rebellion of SirThomas Wyat. Edited by John Gough Nichols. London: Camden Society, 1850.Commendone, Giovanni Francesco. ‘Il Successi d’Inghilterra.’ The Accession, Coronation, and Marriage of Mary Tudor, as related in four manuscripts of the Escorial. Translated by Cesare V. Malfatti. Barcelona, 1956.A conference between the Lady Jane Grey and F. Fecknam a Romish priest, concerning the blessed sacrament; whilest she was prisoner in the Tower of London, and was beheaded on the Green there, Feb. 12. 1554. Together with her behaviour and last speech and prayers at her suffering. London: 1688.Edward VI. The ‘Chronicle’ and Political Papers of King Edward VI. Edited by W. K. Jordan. Ithaca: New York: Cornell University Press, 1966.Edward VI. England’s Boy King: The Diary of Edward VI, 1537–1553. Edited by Jonathan North. Welwyn Garden City, UK: Ravenhall Books, 2005.English Historical Documents 1485–1558. Edited by C. H. Williams. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1967.Fabyan, Robert. The New Chronicles of England and France, in two parts. London: Printed for F. C. and J. Rivington, 1811.Florio, Michelangelo. Historia de la vita e de la morte de l’Illustrissima Signora Giovanna Graia, giaregina eletta a publicata d'Inghilterra. Middelburgh, Zeeland: Johan Radermacher, 1607.Florio, Michelangelo. Regole de la Lingua Thoscana, edited by Giuliano Pellegrini. Firenze: Sansoni, 1954.Foxe, John. Actes and Monuments of these latter and perillous dayes touching matters of the Church ....London: John Day, 1563.Grey, Jane. Brief Confessional Writings: Grey, Stubbes, Livingstone and Clarksone. Edited by Mary Ellen Lamb. Vol. 2 of The Early Modern Englishwoman: A Facsimile Library of Essential Works, Series 1, Printed Writings, 1500–1640, Part 2, edited by Betty S. Travitsky and Patrick Cullen. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2001.Grey, Jane. An epistle of the Ladye Iane a righte vertuous woman, to a learned man of late falne from the truth of Gods most holy word, for fear of the worlde. London: John Daye, 1554. Accessible via Early English Books Online.Grey, Jane. ‘A French Letter Concerning Lady Jane Grey and Queen Mary’. In La révolte du conte de Warwick contre le roi Edward IV, edited by J. A. Giles. London: Caxton Society, 1849 and NewYork: B. Franklin, 1967.Grey, Jane. Here in this booke ye haue a godly epistle made by a faithful Christian A comunication betwene Feckna and the Lady Iane Dudley. A letter that she wrote to her syster Lady Katherin. The ende of the Ladye Iane vpon the scaffolde. Ye shal haue also herein a godly prayer made by maister Iohn Knokes. London: Successor of A. Scoloker, 1554. Accessible via Early English Books Online.Grey, Jane. The life, death and actions of the most chast, learned, and religious lady, the Lady Iane Gray,daughter to the Duke of Suffolke Containing foure principall discourses written with her owne hands. The first an admonition to such as are weake in faith: the second a catechisme: the third an exhortation to her sister: and the last her words at her death. London: G. Eld, for John Wright, 1615 and London: I. Haviland for John Wright, 1636. Accessible via Early English Books Online.Grey, Lady Jane. Memoirs and Literary Remains of Lady Jane Grey. Edited by Harris Nicolas. London: Henry Colburn, 1832.Haynes, Samuel. A Collection of State Papers, relating to Affairs in the reigns of King Henry the Eighth,King Edward VI, Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, from the year 1542–1570. London: 1740.Hayward, John. The Life and Raigne of King Edward the Sixth. Edited by Barrett L. Beer. Kent, OH and London: Kent State University Press, 1993.Hoby, Thomas. ‘A Booke of the Travaile and Lief of Me, Thomas Hoby, w[i]th Diverse Things Woorth the Notinge.’ Edited by Edgar Powell. The Camden Miscellany, Vol. 10. London: The Royal Historical Society, 1902.The Lady Jane Grey's Prayer Book: British Library Harley Manuscript 2342, fully illustrated and transcribed. Introduction by J. Stephan Edwards. Palm Springs: Old John Publishing, 2016.Letter and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of HVIII, Vol. XII, Part II. Edited by James Gairdner. London: HMSO, 1891 and Vaduz: Kraus Reprint, 1965.Lettere di Principi, le qvali si scrivono o da principi, o a principi, o ragionano di principi. Libro Terzo. Venice: Appresso Giordano Ziletti. 1577.Machyn, Henry. The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, from A.D. 1550 to A.D. 1563. Edited by John Gough Nichols. London: The Camden Society, 1848.Noailles, Antoine de, Mssrs. Ambassades de Messieurs de Noailles en Angleterre. 3 vols. Leyde: Dessaint and Saillant, 1763.Original Letters Relative to the English Reformation. 2 vols. Edited by Hastings Robinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1846 and 1847.The Parliamentary History of England, from the earliest period to the year 1803. 30 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Browne, 1806–1820.Parliaments of England, 1213-1702, Part I: Members of Parliament. London, 1878.Records of the Borough of Leicester, Being a series of Extracts from the Archives of the Corporation of Leicester, 1509–1603. Vol. 3. Edited by Mary Bateson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1905.Speed, John. The history of Great Britaine under the conquests of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans Their originals, manners, warres, coines & seales: with yesuccessions, lives, acts & issues of the English monarchs from Iulius Caesar, to our most gracious soueraigne King Iames. London: William Hall and John Beale, 1611. Accessible via Early English Books Online.The Statutes of the Realm. Printed by command of His Majesty King George the Third. From Original Records and Authentic Manuscripts. Vol. 3. London: 1817.Strype, John, ed. Ecclesiastical Memorials, relating chiefly to Religion and the Reformation of it, and the emergencies of the Church of England under King Henry VIII, King Edward VI, and Queen Mary. 3 vols. Translated by John Strype. London: John Wyat, 1721 and Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1822.Wingfield, Robert. Vita Mariæ Reginæ. Edited and translated by Diarmaid MacCulloch. Camden Miscellany XXVIII, 4th series, vol. 29. London: Royal Historical Society, 1984Wriothesley, Charles. A Chronicle of England during the Reign of the Tudors, from A.D. 1485 to 1559.Vol. 2. Edited by William Douglas Hamilton. London and New York: The Camden Society, 1872.

Are there any legitimate cases of multiple personality disorder?

1968 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-II), Multiple Personality Disorder was called hysterical neurosis, dissociative type and was defined as an alteration to consciousness and identity.In 1980, the DSM-III was published and the term "dissociative" was first introduced as a class of disorders.Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths ...https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959824/Published 2013, Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is defined in the fifth edition of the DSM ... The first published cases are those of Jeanne Fery, reported in 1586, .... in which DID or multiple personality disorder (MPD) had been diagnosed.Understanding Multiple Personality Disordershttps://www.nurseslearning.com/courses/nrp/NRP-1618/Section1/index.htm“Introduction. Since the first exploration of the phenomenon of Multiple Personality Disorder some hundred years ago, the diagnosis has been the recipient of much confusion and skepticism. Because its presentation can be so dramatic and the precipitating trauma so humanly unacceptable, it was passed off as the hysterical behavior of overwrought or spoiled women. However, with the attention in recent years to the issue of child abuse, Multiple Personality Disorder has gained acceptance as a valid psychiatric diagnosis. Once considered rare, the reported incidence has increased steadily since 1980. It occurs in 1.2% of the general psychiatric population (Steele, 1989 (making it about as common as schizophrenia).Dissociative Disorders (DD), specifically Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), have received much attention in the past decade, though they are not new phenomena. In fact, these disorders were among the first psychiatric conditions to be scientifically investigated by the nineteenth-century pioneers of psychiatric medicine (Putnam, 1991). However, in the twentieth century, the work of such pioneers was largely set aside and forgotten as Freud introduced his psychoanalytic model which substituted the idea of repression for dissociation in dynamic formulations.MPD remains highly controversial among psychiatric professionals. The reality of the disorder is often challenged. Putnam feels “this distorts the scientific process and places an extra burden of proof on MPD that is not demanded of other psychiatric disorders.” MPD and DD have met all the requirements expected of other psychiatric diagnoses, and Putnam maintains that “by this standard, MPD and the dissociative disorders are as “real” as any other psychiatric condition.”Based on my research and having assisted many people with psychogenic amnesia and Dissociative Idenity I know these coping strategies are caused by profound, severe and relentless mental/emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse. The following sources might be of interest.1. 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Rediscovering childhood trauma: historical casebook and clinical applications. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1993;139–67. [Google Scholar]18. van der Hart O, Dorahy MJ. History of the concept of dissociation. In: Dell PF, O’Neil JA, editors. eds. Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond. New York: Routledge, 2009:3–26. [Google Scholar]19. Sidis B, Goodhart SP. Multiple personality: an experimental investigation into the nature of human individuality. New York: D. Appleton, 1905. [Google Scholar]20. van der Hart O, Lierens R, Goodwin J. Jeanne Fery. A sixteenth-century case of dissociative identity disorder. J Psychohist 1996;24:18–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]21. Gmelin E. Materialen für die Anthropologie. Tübingen, Germany: Cotta, 1791. [Google Scholar]22. Guillain G. J-M. Charcot, 1825–1893: his life—his work. New York: Hoeber, 1959. [Google Scholar]23. Herman JL. Complex PTSD: a syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. 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The history of early life trauma and abuse from the 1850s to the current time: how the past influences the present. In: Lanius R, Vermetten E, Pain C, editors. eds. The hidden epidemic: the impact of early life trauma on health and disease. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010;3–12. [Google Scholar]30. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed Washington, DC: APA, 1980. [Google Scholar]31. Tutkun H, Yargic LI, Sar V. Dissociative identity disorder presenting as hysterical psychosis. Dissociation 1996;9:244–52. [Google Scholar]32. Erikson EH. Childhood and society. New York: Norton, 1964. [Google Scholar]33. Sar V. The scope of dissociative disorders: an international perspective. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2006;29:227–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]34. Dalenberg C, Loewenstein R, Spiegel D, et al. Scientific study of the dissociative disorders. Psychother Psychosom 2007;76:400–1. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]35. 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Can tulpamancy skills be used to help people with DID gain awareness of their alters?

A tulpa is an alter-self created in the mind, acting independently of, and parallel to your core consciousness. The alter-self is able to think, and have their own free will, emotions, and memories. In short, a tulpa is like a sentient person living in your head, separate from your core self. A tulpa is created for self-preservation during an extended period of horrific mental/emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse.While tulpamancy skills are a good coping mechanism the amount of time your core self is excluded in day-to-day interactions is fundamentally the same. In fact, in some instances, one of the alter-self proclaims it has the right to become an alternate core self.Each alter-self needs to discover what experiences and trauma each hold and process the experience and trauma to the degree the alter-self can integrate into the core-self.When someone begins a holistic transformation/transmuting process, no matter how dire their predicament seems to be, I KNOW if she/he is WILLING to do the mental/ emotional discovery work; releasing and transforming beliefs, thoughts and feelings, anything can be transformed/transmuted. The word ‘incurable’ or ‘impossible’ only means that the particular condition, symptom or diagnosis cannot be ‘cured’ by ‘outer’ methods and that she/he needs to GO WITHIN to effect the transformation/transmuting. The condition, symptom or diagnosis came from mental/emotional distress and will go back to nothing.When beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and behavior are accessed and addressed at the unconscious, subconscious and cellular level, the 'cause' of any and all symptoms and behavior become crystal clear--it is mental/emotional, physical, and spiritual trauma/distress manifesting in the behavior and symptoms you experience.A Transformation/Transmuting process is a clear, concise, and direct method of transforming/transmuting the mental, emotional and physical symptoms that transcends traditional protocols while retaining a professional focus. Deep Healing avoids prescription and OTC drugs, body parts removed, artificial hypnotic inductions, and psychic interventions. The process ties in directly with the experiences and needs of the person. The process is down-to-earth, to-the-point, practical, fearless and with 20+ years experience and centuries of holistic health care protocol success I know there is no doubt Deep Healing is effective.1968 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-II), Multiple Personality Disorder was called hysterical neurosis, dissociative type, and was defined as an alteration to consciousness and identity.In 1980, the DSM-III was published, and the term "dissociative" was first introduced as a class of disorders.Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths ...Separating Fact from Fiction: An Empirical Examination of Six Myths About Dissociative Identity DisorderPublished 2013, Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is defined in the fifth edition of the DSM ... The first published cases are those of Jeanne Fery, reported in 1586, .... in which DID or multiple personality disorder (MPD) had been diagnosed.Understanding Multiple Personality DisordersUnderstanding Multiple Personality Disorders“Introduction. Since the first exploration of the phenomenon of Multiple Personality Disorder some hundred years ago, the diagnosis has been the recipient of much confusion and skepticism. Because its presentation can be so dramatic and the precipitating trauma so humanly unacceptable, it was passed off as the hysterical behavior of overwrought or spoiled women. However, with the attention in recent years to the issue of child abuse, Multiple Personality Disorder has gained acceptance as a valid psychiatric diagnosis. Once considered rare, the reported incidence has increased steadily since 1980. It occurs in 1.2% of the general psychiatric population (Steele, 1989 (making it about as common as schizophrenia).Dissociative Identity Disorders (DID), specifically Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), have received much attention in the past decade, though they are not new phenomena. In fact, these disorders were among the first psychiatric conditions to be scientifically investigated by the nineteenth-century pioneers of psychiatric medicine (Putnam, 1991). However, in the twentieth century, the work of such pioneers was largely set aside and forgotten as Freud introduced his psychoanalytic model which substituted the idea of repression for dissociation in dynamic formulations.MPD remains highly controversial among psychiatric professionals. The reality of the disorder is often challenged. Putnam feels “this distorts the scientific process and places an extra burden of proof on MPD that is not demanded of other psychiatric disorders.” MPD and DD have met all the requirements expected of other psychiatric diagnoses, and Putnam maintains that “by this standard, MPD and the dissociative disorders are as “real” as any other psychiatric condition.”Based on my research and having assisted many people with psychogenic amnesia and Dissociative Identity Disorder I know these coping strategies are caused by profound, severe, and relentless mental/emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse. The following sources might be of interest.1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed Arlington, VA: APA, 2013. [Google Scholar]2. Putnam FW. Dissociation in children and adolescents: a developmental perspective. New York: Guilford, 1997. [Google Scholar]3. Simeon D, Loewenstein RJ. Dissociative disorders. 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