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I’m not a Kpop fan at all, and have rarely watched any music videos since the 1990 boybands but have found myself going down the rabbit hole and stanning BTS. After the backstreet boys era, I completely skipped the One Direction wave even though I had a chance to interview them in my line of work. The people I admire most are serious tech billionaires like Elon Musk, not smaller framed exotic teenage boys prancing around on stage (I couldn’t even watch Justin Bieber back in the day without cringing😬 ), so even I surprised myself when I found myself clicking on one video of BTS after another, for hours on end, pulled into their powerful and high energy sunshine orbit. I was half expecting myself to find something that turned me off, but instead experienced a reverse effect. Their “DNA” is as perfect as “Dionysus”, the god of wine, who induces “Euphoria”. They’re “Boys in Luv”, with “Mic Drops” who can turn you “ON”, hi“Make it Right” and “Love Yourself”. They’re also “Black Swans” with their unexpected stardom. They’re super “DOPE” “IDOLS” who invested “Blood, Sweat and Tears” to set and burn the stage on “Fire”, then “Save You”.Their lyrics are really empowering and I relate to it so much because it started off with them talking about social-political stuff like the Asian society’s ruthless focus on education and then breaking the cookie-cutter mold to find success by embarking on other unconventional routes. Then they talked about following your dreams, growing pains (Wings), working very hard while others play and party, moving heaven and hell, to keep pushing through and even running through fire if you have to in order to achieve your goals. They make it ok to feel “lost” and remind you to enjoy every beautiful moment in life. They encourage you to love yourself which is probably the most important message (although i love myself enough but I understand that teen suicide rate out there is increasing and I’m not in the majority). This is a refreshing change from the hapless love, drugs, partying, overspending and sexual songs permeating pop culture today - pining away in sorrow with having no control over what happens. They’re empowering you from within not deriving all joy from external stimuli alone.I normally glaze through KPOP visuals because they’re too cutesy and manufactured, which makes them too one dimensional for my liking, but upon closer introspection, BTS is far from one dimensional and all of them are in fact kings of delicious duality: both cute innocent boys and sexy men at the same time. Both casual and fancy slick. Both angels and devils. Both obedient and rebellious. Both feminine and manly. Both worldly and localized. Both soft and strong. Both intense and light hearted/chilled. Both serious and fun. I’ve grown too used to the Western ideals of masculinity and am surrounded by very muscular men who are over 6″ and triple my size. Instead of BTS trying to make themselves more masculine, they are so comfortable with their sexuality that they even play up stereotypes further by putting on makeup and having perfect hair and clothes, but they do it so well their appearance is now idealized as the perfect boyfriend even by Western standards. Perhaps the rugged colorless grunting caveman Neanderthal with a shady past has done its time and western tastes are now moving towards a more glittery urban sophistiqué with smooth vocals and polished moves from wholesome upbringings.A white British man who is supposedly straight and apparently has a girlfriend spent $150,000 just to look like Jimin, who is the smallest member of BTS, and has very typical Asian features - more feminine than any other member! It has been confirmed that BTS, especially Jimin can make the straightest of men question their sexuality.BTS look soft on the outside but are total men on the inside. This runs contrary to the big buff hairy guys with guns who are actually very weak internally because they’re afraid of being called gay, who end up cheating, damaged, alcoholic, sick (mentally as well), perverted, partying too much, rebelling without a cause, depressed, living life by poor standards and dragging down those they claim to love, losing brain cells and holding on to toxic, outdated mindsets so they become too frustrating to hold a conversation with, egotistical, unethical, anxious, untalented, angry, whiny, bitter, unable to develop any kind of high-quality relationships or fix their broken families, cynical, sloppy, not working as hard nor being very accomplished at any type of meaningful career, aren’t very kind or gentle towards other humans, smoking weed, relying on hard drugs for that high that can easily be gotten from healthier life experiences, bragging about such bad behavior/sexual conquests and seeking validation for their machoness etc. In a world where men are bragging about the number of women they have conquered sexually without putting in any effort, BTS tries to act like they’ve never been with women or are afraid of women despite offering so so much. This often just kills me right there. Just the mention of their names is even to make our hearts burst. The “incel”, MGTOW and #MeToo movement emerged from the Western world. Says a lot about western society doesn’t it? Apparently there are enough misogynists going around to have acronyms and toxic communities built around such hashtags. Men and women who have become jaded by their love interests can seek solace that perfect men like BTS still exist. Their public image is consistent off stage and when they’re captured off guard in private moments and restrooms by eagle-eyed fans who hawk over their every move. It’s hard to fake that kind of transparency, honesty and sincerity when the whole world is more invested watching you closely than a private investigator sent to dig out dirt on a cheating spouse - and with better detective skills too.Life isn’t all unicorns and rainbows and there’s a point where you gotta believe that Santa doesn’t exist, but BTS addresses serious issues in a dynamic, empowered and hopeful manner (Hope world!!!) rather than depressed, hateful way. They’re a good middle ground between floating in the sky but still being grounded in reality. Maybe because they’re from a startup label without as much resources, they had to rely heavily on their social media game which makes them seem even more down to earth rather than untouchable idols. In an cutthroat industry where management companies suppress their artists voices, eating/clothing choices and even order them to alter their faces with plastic surgery, BTS was free to express themselves, including interacting with fans on social media which grew to a powerful fandom that led to their international meteoric rise.Their Twitter game is strong, constantly updating stans with their everyday lives doing mundane things like eating. It is really endearing to see megastars who have access to best designer gourmet food, so happy over simple food moments. I mean compared to American reality tv shows, where even blood sisters are escalating conflicts to physical fights as part of their everyday lives or deliberately courting controversy just to be #trending, BTS can do very normal everyday stuff like moving in front of the TV and still set the world ablaze with memes. Or they can just paint for an hour silently or really just breathe and everyone just swoons. This contrast goes to show the power of BTS doesn’t it? They can do something as nondescript as expressing ultimate euphoria and joy over pizza or Kim Chi fried rice and be just as entertaining, trending worldwide. Other Americans are resorting to extreme measures and clickbaits just for fame - dangerous stunts, leaking sex tapes, smoking weed, showing off their bare butts, talking about diseases (imaginary or not, rare or common) they have, disrespecting others, pretending to have mental illness, hiring fake boyfriends/girlfriends, over sharing intimate details about themselves, making outrageous headlines by revealing their messy breakups, suddenly coming out as transsexuals, telling the world how they were once abused by their partners, trying to virtue signal by glamorising morbid obesity, airing whatever other dirty laundry etc. NOT BTS.Sometimes angels may seek darkness and chaos due to curiosity, but you shouldn’t get stuck there too long. I often feel like I need to take multiple showers after watching over-the-top clickbait content, and boy am I glad for BTS’s existence to restore my faith in humanity. BTS is like that handmade, all-natural, lavender soap your body will thank you for, delighting your senses, making you high from the scent with no side effects, keeping you silky smooth, rejuvenating you, while helping to strip you off the dirt you piled up playing outside in the mud.BTS isn’t just a new, shiny, flavour of the month. They’re pure talent and skill, which are exactly what legends are made of. They don’t blend to the world’s standards, the world is blending into theirs. I feel fortunate to bare witness to such greatness in this generation.While not performing or practicing, BTS continues to engage fans by capturing the beauty all over the world for us. This is them enjoying healthy wholesome activities in New Zealand and dancing to chicken noodle soup to support JHope, making us all laugh along as well as join in on the challenge on TikTok.A lot of people are making a big deal about how they used to sleep on bunk beds in a dorm, and while it seems like such an uncomfortable way to live with no privacy, they never seem to complain about it. They truly seem to enjoy sharing beds, going to a simple restaurant and grocery shopping together. They’re enjoying each other’s company and what they’re doing so much, that they don’t seem to even noticed how rough their environments are in the early days or let anything negative dampen their moods at all. They keep working to become better. You can see how much their vocals, bonds and dancing improved. If it was any other type of celebrity teenager, they would’ve made a big fuss out of humble beginnings, trumpet how much they had to go through and how tough they are. It will be part of their official rags-to-riches story in all media mentions that they will keep lording over your face. They’ll make sure you know about how the world is against them and they gone through hell to be where they are today because they’re very strong but BTS did not. It is their fans who did it.They even take joy in little things like eating McDonald's McFlurry and wowing at burgers even when they are millionaires. They ordered food for their camera crew and V even offered his burger to a kid when the random kid asked him for stickers and he didn’t know what he is saying.This adds to their appeal. Their main source of happiness comes from within and not from their mega-success at such a young age. In fact, it is this inner joy that the world can’t get enough of. They radiate from within. This is why they continue to be so grounded without getting tempted by the trappings of wealth and fame. You grow attached to who they are as a person, not just lofty puppets. You would feel safer that your children is listening to their songs than if they were to listen to Billie Ellish, Justin Bieber or some Instagram model like Kylie Jenner or Olivia Jade. BTS would inspire young people to pick up a new language (korean), form healthy relationships, get fit, pick up dancing or cardio/zumba, be very polite (they didn’t even sit during their Jimmy Fallon segment until their host asked them to do so), explore exotic places in other parts of the world respectfully, value same-sex friendships, learn and try new productive stuff like flower arrangement. If your child listen to western artists? Be loud, vulgar, get into public fights, try drugs to be cool, have casual sex with multiple partners and brag about it, cut a friend off if they piss you off, show off your butt, get easily offended, get plastic surgery (lip fillers/butt implants), become self-destructive, drop out of college, party too much, etcEventually you join one of the most powerful fandoms in the world: BTS army. I even have a bias now: Jungkook. My bias wrecker is V. It started off when I saw a video of them on CNBC Make It, a channel I go to for inspirational videos on success.It piqued my curiosity that an all Korean boy group with only one English speaking member, is now the biggest boyband in the world, breaking the Beatles record with 3 no 1 billboard albums in less than a year. They have also surpassed Taylor Swift and U2 with sold out concerts at the Los Angeles Rose Bowl, breaking the record of having the most revenue earned at that location.There are a lot of discussions on how Asian males are being perceived in Western media, but BTS is changing that. In this pic, you can see Taylor Swift towering all these boys. Most of them aren’t six feet tall or overly bulky like Western sex symbols but they’re now considered the sexual fantasies of many straight Western women of all age groups all over the world. The Asian male has always been considered too feminine for most Western tastes, but BTS changed that without even trying to become more masculine.After watching their videos, I finally understood their appeal. Their facial features are very pleasant and non-threatening. Bone structure soft and almost like girls. Clean-shaven, baby faced smooth olive skin, playful smiles and full luscious lips make you feel like the world is such a bright, beautiful place. You feel comfortable, blissful and light with them. Their bright multi-colored hairstyles are sexy and fun, very eye-catching. Their fashion sense interesting, modern and visually engaging, so full of individualism and character, making you have a second take at them, drawing you in like honey to bees. They’re very well put together from head to toe.Even though they struggle to speak English, it is endearing when they express themselves. They don’t make controversial or offensive statements. The words they get across puts a smile on your face.Looks and mannerisms aside, their talent is outstanding. Their cool singing, explosive dancing and synchronized choreography are mesmerizing, out-of-this-world larger-than-life and unlike any other famous musical group right now. Guess all that military-grade grueling training since they were kids paid off. They look like such pretty boys but their mannerisms and moves are still very manly, fluid, stable and high-energy. It makes you feel like you’re on fire with them. They’re not overly saccharine that makes you cringe. Their dances don’t just look like pure and beautiful art though, it is very physically demanding and time consuming. Plus, they sing live. It suddenly makes even the best American artists seem so bland. Oh god I just love them to bits. They motivate me to do Kpop cardio workouts and keep up. They’re such great influence.International stars these days (Kardashians, Ariana Grande, Miley Cyrus, Justin Bieber, Lady Gaga, Cardi B, Katie Perry, Billie Eilish, JoJo Swiwa) capture attention by being funky, loud, contrarian, outlandish, opinionated with decadent alternative lifestyles, etc that airs their dirty laundry or highlights tsociety’s issues with heartbreaks, angst and bitterness, BTS transports audiences into a happy, productive, efficient and exciting utopia. In Dope, they dressed up as different professions (policeman, Detective, doctor, pilot, business executive, racer, etc), further playing on everyone’s everyday fantasy.They look so pretty, safe and non-threatening, but still oozing manly sex appeal with strong, fit and not overpowering slender fluid smaller body frames. Their dominance comes from their powerful, smooth dance moves and vocals. They’re the antidote for broken hearts and mentally trying times worldwide. They’re on fire and set our hearts and stage ablaze.They’re like care bears and adrenaline pumpers rolled into a delicious oxymoron. Truly the best of many worlds.There’s nothing too bad and upsetting about them (even when I tried to deliberately search for it) which is exactly the kind of light and energy we need in a sometimes far too dark, depressing and violent world (mass shootings, poverty, domestic violence, obesity, natural disasters, teenage suicides, heartbreak, COVID-19, etc).They’re just a wholesome representation of everything that is right in this world: unparalleled work ethic while retaining their passion and soul, no big scandals or unhealthy activities, no toxic or unnecessary romance/sex drama, nothing unproductive, having a tight bond with each other, traveling the globe, making fun memories (dancing/eating/laughing/playing/singing), enjoying almost every moment of their lives, with no angst or mental issues.They come across really harmless (except with their killer moves and vocals on stage) and is the medicine we all need. They all seem like truly nice guys especially their leader, RM. When other rappers tried dissing RM, he calls it “feedback” rather than take offense and retaliate. In Hollywood, celebrities normally go crazy and assume the worse intentions when another celebrity says anything that isn’t obvious praise for them. Their cheerfulness, candidness, and transparency is refreshing. They’re like your daily dose of vitamin D from the sun who become the twinkling stars in the night shining even brighter in the darkness. They don’t sweat the small stuff but focus on their music and work and appear in the media just for that, not for toxic gossip about their personal lives.In times when celebrities are captured behaving horrendously, Jimin’s random acts of kindness are often documented when he is completely caught off guard and thought no one is watching:10 Times BTS Jimin's Small Acts of Kindness Reminded Us The World Isn't All BadV also helped a lost girl at the airport find her mother. See? Every time they appear in the news, they’re caught doing something kind for the world. It is really heartening to see young extremely successful people with legions of fans worshipping them and monitoring their every action being so considerate and helpful towards helpless people around them (reporters, loss children, fainted fans, security guards). They can walk among kings without losing the common touch.They have constant updates on social media to connect with ARMYs, making their fandom feel like they’re with them every step of the way. Their Bangtan Bombs show them having a lot of fun goofing around like how we would with our friends instead of being all emo and tainted with toxic drama with other celebs (even within members, family, management, fans), hitting on girls, breaking the law, partying excessively.When they went on vacation, they were so wholesome and take so much pleasure in the simple joys in life, even though they are now mega international superstars. Jin went fishing, Jimin went to Hawaii, JK went to the gym, V spent time with his dog, Suga was sleeping, JHope worked on Chicken Noodle Soup, RM travel Europea and check out exhibitions and museums. I was expecting them to go crazy like Crazy Rich Asians, Logan brothers, other Hollywood A list celebrities or something - VIP events (galas in Monaco), shopping for expensive watches, charter a yacht with hot girls and other famous people, pop $100k worth of champagne bottles, etc.Their innocence and cuteness really warm my heart. There’s something so pure and precious about them. Similar to Marie Kondo. Their smiles, philosophy and spirit transcend language barriers to heal and cleanse whatever modern-day ailments people might be suffering from. They replenish and energize. As V said, they’re really just “good boys” not Billie Ellish’s definition of “bad guy”, yet they retain the exciting, sex appeal of the “bad guy”. They’re really the best of both worlds. Isn’t BTS a representation of the type of world we want our children to grow up in? Well-adjusted wholesome boys, who invest their time creating art and bringing so much joy to the world instead of partying their lives away and engaging in other self-destructive, toxic behavior? This should be the norm rather than the exception but we’ve grown too used to American crazy college frat culture and decadent spiraling Hollywood lifestyle of Aging child stars like Justin Bieber which has desensitized us to what is healthy and joyous. Now when I revert back to American teen “idols”, they just feel so crass, unstable and vulgar.BTS represents everything that is right about this world. I mean if you watch their talk show interviews especially their carpool one with James Corden, there are comments saying the boys are a mood, they lift the spirits of those dampen by COVID 19.Jimmy Fallon even wore Jimin’s Chimmy headband. Chimmy is a character created by Jimin.They take what they need to take seriously (dance rehearsals, showing up for many appearances, fans, each other’s friendships and no dating rules etc) and laugh at everything else (inability to speak English, pranks, making fun of each other, etc). Knowing their existence and who they are make me feel like all is good in the world.They’re always so giggly, excited, grateful, laughing and amused at everything and not complaining, getting angry, holding grudges on any perceived slights. In American Hustle, Dante hit Jin with an ostrich and overall the audience felt that Dante was rude to Jin and Suga, but the boys didn’t make a big fuss out of it. It’s normally the fandom that picks up on such things. There were many other incidents where the boys were pranked and made to look like fools but they never get bitter or blow their fuse. The boys tend to brush bad incidents off and not ruminate on it. Instead, they just focus all their attention on perfecting their craft.There’s a saying that men are only as faithful as their options but these guys have so many options - with the hottest women having the hots for them, fainting and crying if these women (and men too) even have a glance from them, yet they have no reports of them taking advantage of this effect they have on people. They’re young high-energy sex symbols at their sexual prime, who were sharing beds with each other at some point, but yet they never succumb to the human urge of hooking up with lots of hot women all over the world. That shows how much discipline and willpower they have to focus on their work instead of womanizing.Let’s give a lot of credit to BigHit. Their label also seems much more chilled than other labels. I read BigHit CEO’s interview with Time Magazine and he says he educates the trainees a lot about scandals and social media but ultimately gives the boys their freedom and even lets the boys pursue hip-hop if they wanted. Contrast this to BlackPink who are not even allowed to write their owns songs and have to keep dancing to the same 4 songs over and over again. Other KPOP groups like BlackPink seem to be stifled and abused by their label. They’re afraid to be themselves and are forced to be what their management tells them to be. We know how much suffering trainees have to go through, with many complaints about strict rules and unfair, almost inhumane treatment, but BigHit never seemed to appear in the news for such misdemeanors. In fact, BigHit CEO said he believes the idols should get more life experiences rather than just keep developing their skills in isolation. Hence, they have the BTS Bon Voyage. The CEO brought them to Los Angeles for the first time. You could tell how excited they all were.BTS also seems so comfortable on camera. Trust me, this is because they are given the strength and safety net by their management. They know they’re not gonna get castrated when they make a mistake. You can tell when a star is gonna get it from their bosses if they do something wrong in public. The public appearances would seem very contrived and self-conscious but the BTS boys just seem to be really enjoying themselves and having fun. BTS just seem so comfortable in their V Lives doing silly stuff.BigHit also picked out boys who are sincere and good at their core, compared to BigHit’s first girl group caused a lot of trouble because one was a sasaeng fan and harassed another idol, while another resorted to blackmail and ended up in jail.BTS is surrounded by great staff who genuinely care about their welfare and let each boy shine. They even have a video capturing the BigHit employees being sweet to BTS members and fire anyone who dares show any abuse to any members. Armies are a sharp bunch, and they’re quick to find out, spot and take action if their idols aren’t treated right.The management went above and beyond to create bonding sessions for the boys. Look at BlackPink, the girls' bond is not as tight as BTS and are in fact all going their own ways. They hit a billion views for one of their music videos and had so much potential, but due to bad management, they have no new releases and keep doing the same songs over and over again. YG gambled their tour money. Their attitudes don’t seem to be as happy as BTS. BigHit did a great job finding these boys, putting them together, strengthening their skillsets and bonding with each other while letting each one shine. They don’t micromanage their social media as much, showcasing and making the boys do candid unedited vlogs, live streams and pictures so the boys seem to be very comfortable being goofy and therefore happy. BTS even renewed their contract with BigHit. Remember, the management company and contracts you sign are also a key to your success or your downfall, in addition to your talent. We’ve seen talented stars like Britney Spears lose everything she has, even her mind, because of the people around her including her parents/management. Aaron Carter, N Sync/BSB all didn’t have a lot of money at the end because their management scammed them and they end up being paid worse than min wage at the peak of their fame, whereas the BTS boys are able to each buy their own apartments in prime real estate areas in pure hard cash despite only being in their twenties.I hope they stay around for a long time and remain as pure and precious as they are, joining or surpassing the ranks of Beatles, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, never losing their childlike wonder, their passion, their love for life or get tainted or jaded by the industry and world.

Because of USA’s foreign policy and decision to decouple itself from China, which obviously raises many pertinent questions in terms of security and state relations and economic consequences, not just for both these two large economies, but also its reverberations across the world into the EU, Asia and beyond; it is obvious that many factors need to be taken into consideration. China bought more than 300 B US$ worth of semiconductors (2018) but since the USA has targeted it with a technological embargo, it has in turn elevated the importance of the chip making industry within China since this is a fundamental building block of advanced technologies, and essential in terms of national security.The following paragraphs were from my answer to this question: What do you think about the "Trade War" between the United States and China in 2018?People are perhaps enamored by the internet revolution in communications technology, but if you look closely, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, until lately, the internet revolution was probably not as important as the washing machine and other household technologies (which saved so much time that women could come out into the labour workforce), electricity, printing press, the telegraph and other GPTs general purpose technologies. Why do I say only ‘lately’ has the internet come into its own. It is something which deals with mobile technology – 5 G. The ramifications of this technology are important because of the impact on economies and manufacturing as well as society. It has the potential of a general purpose technology, which would mean that the internet revolution has become as important as the previous GPT’s mentioned above.So, what is 5 G all about?By about 2035, 5 G will be responsible for 12.3 trillion of global economic output, about the equivalent of US consumer spending in 2016. It will generate 3.5 trillion output within the global 5 G value chain, support up to 22 million jobs, and its deployment will sustain global real GDP, calculated to be equivalent to an economy the size of India from say 2020 to 2035. Moreover the 5 G value chain will invest an average of 200 billion annually to expand and strengthen the 5 G technology base within network and business application infrastructure.To date, mobile technology has progressed from people-to-people platform 3 G toward people-to-information connectivity on a global scale 4G. As a long term evolution technology, 5 G will extend this mobile technology to newer classes of advanced applications, fostering new business innovation and spur economic growth. By extending cellular coverage into office buildings, industrial parks, shopping malls, large venues with improved capacity to handle greater number of devices using high volumes of data especially in localised areas, the network will enable more efficient data transmission, lower the cost-per-bit for such transmission and drive increased broadband applications on mobile networks.The other big thing is the Internet of things. --- Machine to Machine and I o T applications will significantly increase economies of scale, drive adoption and utilization across all sectors. 5 G has low power requirements, the ability to operate in licensed and unlicensed spectrum, provide deeper and more flexible coverage and drive costs lower within I O T settings. In terms of high reliability, ultra-low latency connectivity with strong security and availability, 5 G will allow wireless technology to provide an ultra reliable connection to support applications such as self-driving vehicles and remote operation of complex automation equipment.It will be a technology platform that connects cars and cities, hospitals and homes, and people to everything around them! In short, it is going to change the way you live. Governments will need to address things like public safety, privacy, cyber security, spectrum allocation, public infrastructure, healthcare, education, training and development and introduce a new level of complexity to policy-making and regulation, especially as new models of business will emerge. It will influence every sector of industry and economic activity. Essentially, all the major developed countries – USA, Germany, Japan, South Korea, France, UK and China including the rest of the world are involved in the 5G development and value chain. Hence there is some competition involved, and you will now understand why Trump is so upset about China’s technology ambitions.We are all aware of how the USA has begun to upset the apple cart of semi-conductor business dealings around the world, and doing its best to prevent China from taking a leg up in its journey for advancement in the chip industry. Even the novel coronavirus pandemic hasn’t knocked China’s integrated circuit industry off its rising trajectory. In the first six months, domestic industry-wide revenue hit 353.9 billion yuan (US$50.5 billion), a 16 percent gain from a year earlier, according to the China Semiconductor Industry Association. Driven by government support, a vast market and increasing research and development spending, the Chinese mainland chip industry has joined Japan, South Korea and China's Taiwan in becoming what is known as the "Big Four" of Asia. They rank among the world's top five by revenue, Deloitte said in a recent report. The Asia-Pacific is also the world's biggest market for chips, accounting for 60 percent of global sales. China has declared the integrated circuit industry as “essential” to the nation’s future. Yang Xudong, a senior executive with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said China must “optimize” its integrated circuit industry and deepen the integration between research and application of new technologies. Currently, over 30 semiconductor-related firms have listed on the STAR Market, accounting for 20 percent of member companies. The rapid development of 5G communications and high-performance computing applications has increased demand for advanced packaging technologies and manufacturing processes.The state of the chip industry? Just look at the bottom lineChina is making progress on becoming less reliant on foreign supply of semiconductors, according to Chinese IC industry executives, but the country’s efforts still require setting specific intermediate goals and prioritizing those goals. China has been the largest consumer of integrated circuits (ICs) since 2005. In 2015, the State Council of China adopted an ambitious plan for the China electronics industry to become self-reliant. The “Made in China 2025” plan set a strategic goal to grow the country’s IC industry to achieve a self-sufficiency rate of 40% by 2020, increasing to 70% by 2025. China imported 417.57 billion integrated circuits in 2018, with a total amount of RMB 2058.41 billion (US $312 billion), an increase of 19.8% over 2017.In the memory storage market, China is making good progress, but this is a market that is easier to break into. In the area of memory chips, China almost started from scratch three years ago, but has now earned a 5 percent global market share. Until recently, China’s domestic chipmakers were stuck with mature foundry processes with no presence in memory. Recently, though, a China-based foundry entered the 14nm finFET market, with 7nm in R&D. China also is expanding into memory. And in the fab equipment sector, China is developing its own extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography system, which is a technology that patterns the most advanced features in chips.China's gap mainly existed in wafer production. By contrast, microcontroller (MCU) is a US $20 billion market, 99% of which is still in the hands of international manufacturers. If Chinese companies are to reduce their reliance on imports, it will be a long-term process. In the field of communications, Chinese chip manufacturers have made significant progress. The IC industry chain is very long, from design, manufacturing, packaging, testing, to materials. There is no single country that can dominate the world. China should consider the integrity and construction of the industrial chain, but in a completely closed environment. The country began to build fabs in 2014, so there is progress from the perspective of capacity. In 2020, the localization rate of chips will make great progress. Artificial intelligence (AI) and driverless vehicles are markets in which industry market standards are relatively in their infancy. Hopefully China’s industry can exploit this opportunity to develop its own chip architecture and related technological ecosystem. It could be profitable to look for opportunities at the “edges” of markets such as smart audio, wireless headphone, hearing aids, home appliances and Internet of things platforms and so on.If Chinese companies can achieve leadership in a certain field, they should boldly cooperate with international companies, or establish a business alliance to set standards and directly target international companies. Conversely, if a company is in a weak position doing one’s own standard will hurt the company. The main battlefield is that ICs are still in high demand everywhere, including general-purpose processors and analog devices. The competition between Chinese and foreign manufacturers comes down to intellectual property (IP), and the unavoidable conclusion is that while China’s electronics industry has developed some IP, it is still lagging behind its international competitors. However there are actually some areas in which China’s IP is leading, such as video transcoding in the cloud and network chips.Michael E. Porter, in his book The Competitive Advantage of Nations, discussed the importance of industrial clusters. He observed that forming such clusters is the most efficient way to create self-sufficiency in a market. Investment in China’s IC industry will help develop a Chinese cluster — make the market more concentrated and encourage the creation of a home-grown talent pool, which will promote the IC industry, including IP development. China’s EDA (Electronic Design Automation or electronic computer aided design) market is still behind foreign enterprises, which have a 60 years head-start. Even though China has made great progress in production equipment after 10 years, the overall situation is still unsatisfactory. This was before the embargo as before that the equipment can be bought without having to spend a lot of money on it. However, after the ZTE incident, the whole country has a unified understanding.In the final analysis, the competition in the semiconductor industry is a competition of talent. How will China’s semiconductor be able to build a strong pool of employees and assure a continuously high-quality stream of talent? China’s Internet companies are making a lot of money, which means they can pay high wages. IC companies cannot always offer competitive salaries, however, which puts them at a disadvantage when trying to attract top talent. If China wants to improve the skills of scientific research personnel, it needs to help them on Hukuo (registered residency status), reduce taxes from education, provide medical care and housing, and treat them equally. President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang favor strict protection for IP rights and are recommending severe punishments for violations of IP rights. Companies and individuals want assurance they will be able to profit from their innovation, specifically so that they can afford to offer competitive salaries. Chinese chipmakers are seeing strong funding support. In addition to government funding, domestic chipmakers are getting a big boost from capital markets. Chinese semiconductor companies had raised roughly 144 billion yuan as of July 5 this year, reaching 2.2 times the level of the entire year of 2019 in just the first half of 2020.https://www.eetimes.com/countdown-how-close-is-china-to-40-chip-self-sufficiency/China’s progress in semiconductors is still trailing the leaders but some products are coming along. SMIC is shipping 14nm finFETs, with a 7nm-like process in R&D. Yangtze Memory Technologies (YMTC) recently entered the 3D NAND market with a 64-layer device. A 128-layer technology is in R&D. ChangXin Memory Technology (CXMT) is shipping its first product, a 19nm DRAM line. China is expanding into compound semis, including gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC). China’s OSATs are developing more advanced packages. 3D NAND is the successor to planar NAND flash memory. Unlike planar NAND, which is a 2D structure, 3D NAND resembles a vertical skyscraper in which horizontal layers of memory cells are stacked and then connected using tiny vertical channels. 3D NAND is quantified by the number of layers stacked in a device. As more layers are added, the bit density increases in systems. But the manufacturing challenges escalate as you add more layers.China found itself behind the West in semiconductor technology for several reasons. At the time, the West implemented strict export controls on China. Equipment vendors were prohibited from shipping the most advanced tools to China. So in 2015, China launched another initiative, dubbed “Made in China 2025”. The goal is to increase the domestic content of components in 10 areas — IT, robotics, aerospace, shipping, railways, electric vehicles, power equipment, materials, medicine and machinery. In addition, China hopes to become more self-sufficient in ICs and wants to increase its domestic production to 70% by 2025, according to IC Insights. China is building a dozen new fabs. It has already recruited thousands, if not tens of thousands, of experienced semiconductor engineers from fabs in Taiwan, Korea, Japan and even the U.S. by paying them with very attractive compensation packages.https://semiengineering.com/china-speeds-up-advanced-chip-development/The foundry industry makes up a large percentage of China’s fab capacity. China’s foundry industry is split into two categories—domestic and multinational vendors. TSMC and UMC are among the multinationals. TSMC operates a 200mm fab in Shanghai. In 2018, TSMC began shipping 16nm finFETs in another fab in Nanjing. UMC is manufacturing chips in a 200mm fab in Suzhou. UMC also has a new 300mm foundry venture in Xiamen, which is shipping 40nm and 28nm. Meanwhile, China’s domestic foundry vendors, such as ASMC, CS Micro and the Huahong Group, all focus on mature processes. On the leading edge, startup HSMC is developing 14nm and 7nm in R&D. There isn’t a gap for mature processes in China. The technology node gap is not an issue for most fabs, since the majority of chips used in IoT and automotive applications do not require leading-edge nodes, and only the most advanced process in planar technology has China trying to catch up. In 2015, SMIC, Huawei, Imec and Qualcomm formed a joint R&D chip technology venture in China with plans to develop a 14nm finFET process. SMIC in 2019 reached a milestone by shipping China’s first 14nm finFETs and 14nm represents a tiny percentage of SMIC’s sales. Today’s smartphones incorporate application processors based on 7nm. Most other chips in smartphones, such as image sensors and RF, are based on mature nodes. China is working on its own EUV technology in an effort to go beyond 7 nm due to USA blockade on ASML’s EUV scanner shipments to SMIC. SMIC could manufacture 8nm or 7nm using existing fab equipment. Beyond that, the current lithography equipment runs out of steam. So beyond 7nm, chipmakers require EUV, a next-generation lithography technology. For example, the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) last year described the development of EUV driven by a kilowatt laserChina has been the largest consuming country for ICs since 2005, but large increases in IC production within China have not immediately followed, according to data presented in the new 500-page 2019 edition of IC Insights’ McClean Report—A Complete Analysis and Forecast of the Integrated Circuit Industry (released in January 2019). As shown in Figure 1, IC production in China represented 15.3% of its $155 billion IC market in 2018, up from 12.6% five years earlier in 2013. Moreover, IC Insights forecasts that this share will increase by 5.2 percentage points from 2018 to 20.5% in 2023.Given the sheer size of China’s investment plans over the next five years, it is likely that China will achieve some level of success with their strategy to become less reliant on IC imports. However, given increased foreign government scrutiny of Chinese attempts at purchasing foreign technology companies and the legal challenges that the Chinese startups are likely to face in the future, IC Insights believes that China’s current strategy with regard to the IC industry will still fall short of the 40% self-sufficiency by 2020 because of the current economic situation and the embargo.China’s national science academy pledged to concentrate on plugging the country’s gaps in certain advanced technologies over the next ten years, especially for those key materials that rely on imports from the United States, in an effort to counter Washington’s tech decoupling with Beijing. President Xi Jinping said at a symposium with Chinese scientists that “certain key and core technologies have been controlled by others and China relies on imports for some key components, parts and materials.” I suppose it is another target that China has set for itself for the next decade or so.China IC Production Forecast to Show a Strong 15% 2018-2023 CAGR - EBNOnlineNo doubt China can fulfill chip self-sufficiency goalThe state of the chip industry? Just look at the bottom lineChina’s Top Science Academy Vows to Counter Tech Decoupling With U.S.Thanks for A2A.

1. Pradhan mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (World’s largest Financial Inclusion programme)'Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana' was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his Independence Day address on 15 August, 2014. This is a National Mission on Financial Inclusion encompassing an integrated approach to bring about comprehensive financial inclusion of all the households in the country. The plan envisages universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for every household, financial literacy, access to credit, insurance and pension facility. In addition, the beneficiaries would get RuPay Debit card having inbuilt accident insurance cover of 1 lakh.For more Info: Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana2. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Shramev Jayate KaryakramPandit Deendayal Upadhyay Shramev Jayate Karyakram was launched by Prime Minster Narendra Modi on 16 Oct 2014. The Karyakram is Looking to create an environment conducive to industrial development while also ensuring transparency in the labour sector.A dedicated Shram Suvidha Portal: That would allot Labour Identification Number (LIN) to nearly 6 lakhs units and allow them to file online compliance for 16 out of 44 labour lawsAn all-new Random Inspection Scheme: Utilizing technology to eliminate human discretion in selection of units for Inspection, and uploading of Inspection Reports within 72 hours of inspection mandatoryUniversal Account Number: Enables 4.17 crore employees to have their Provident Fund account portable, hassle-free and universally accessibleApprentice Protsahan Yojana: Will support manufacturing units mainly and other establishments by reimbursing 50% of the stipend paid to apprentices during first two years of their trainingRevamped Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: Introducing a Smart Card for the workers in the unorganized sector seeded with details of two more social security schemes3. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya YojanaDeen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana or DAY is a Government scheme for the uplift of urban and rural poor through enhancement of livelihood opportunities through skill development and other means. Government of India has provisioned Rs 500 crore for the scheme.4. Mission Housing for allThis is one of the major scheme of government’s urban development and housing initiatives, Which focused at social inclusion so as to benefit all sections of urban residents including slum dwellers. The program proposes to build 2 crore houses across the Nation by 2022.For more Info : Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation5. Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA Bank)MUDRA Bank was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8 April 2015. It is a public sector financial institution in India. It provides loans at low rates to microfinance institutions and non-banking financial institutions which then provide credit to MSME's. MUDRA will have an initial corpus of Rs 20,000 crore and a credit guarantee corpus of Rs 3,000 croreFor more info : Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd.6. My Gov Online PlatformMyGov is a citizen engagement platform founded by the Government of India to promote the active participation of Indian citizens in their country's governance and development. It is also aimed at creating a common platform for Indian citizens to "crowd source governance ideas from citizens". The users shall be allowed to discuss and to contribute on various government projects and plans. 7. Digital IndiaDigital India is an initiative of Government of India to integrate the government departments and the people of India. It aims at ensuring the government services are made available to citizens electronically by reducing paperwork. The initiative also includes plan to connect rural areas with high-speed internet networks. Digital India has three core components. These include the creation of digital infrastructure, delivering services digitally and digital literacy. The project is slated for completion by 2019.8. Make In IndiaMake in India is an initiative of the Government of India, to encourage companies to manufacture their products in India. It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014.Make in India initiative has been on main agenda in various foreign visits of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. PM Modi sees Make in India as a vital impetus for employment & growth.9. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal YojanaThe Government of India has set an ambitious target for providing skill training to 500 million of its youth by 2022. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY), the skill training and placement program of the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), focused on the rural poor youth and its emphasis on sustainable employment through the prominence and incentives given to post-placement tracking, retention and career progression. 10. National Policy for Skill Development and EntrepreneurshipThe objective of the National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015 will be to meet the challenge of skilling at scale with speed and standard (quality). It will aim to provide an umbrella framework to all skilling activities being carried out within the country, to align them to common standards and link the skilling with demand centers.11. National Sports Talent Search SchemeThe government is launching a National Talent Search Scheme to scout for sports talent in various schools and institutions across the country. The government is planning to implement the Scheme from next financial year by setting up National Sports Academies and start Sports Science courses in select universities and medical colleges across the nation.12. Padhe Bharat Badhe BharatPadhe Bharat Badhe Bharat is a nationwide sub-programme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, which focuses on early reading, writing and comprehension and early grade mathematics. During 2014-15, ₹2,352.57 crore has been allocated to States/UTs for improvement of quality programmes. The programme was pioneered by Atal Bihari Vajpayee. 13. Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers and Teacher TrainingGovernment of India launches the Scheme; Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers & Teaching with an outlay of Rs. 900 crores during XII Plan. The Mission would address, on the one hand, current and urgent issues such as supply of qualified teachers, attracting talent into teaching profession and raising the quality of teaching in schools and colleges.14. Rashtriya Avishkar AbhiyanThe Rashtriya Aavishkar Abhiyan (RAA) envisages to motivate and engage children of the age group from 6-18 years in Science, Mathematics and Technology through observation, experimentation, inference drawing, model building, etc. both through inside and outside classroom activities and processes.15. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti YojanaDeen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) is a Central Government’s scheme aimed to provide continuous power supply to rural India. It is one of the key initiatives of Modi Government and it aims to supply 24x7 uninterrupted power supply to all homes. The government plans to invest Rs 75,600 crore for rural electrification under this scheme. The scheme will replace the existing Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY).16. Soil Health Card SchemeThe Government is focusing attention on the health of soil in agricultural areas across the country, to boost productivity and bring about increased prosperity. The experts will analyze the strength and weaknesses (micro-nutrients deficiency) of the soil based on the soil sample test and will suggest measures to deal with it. The result and suggestion will be displayed in the cards. The Government plans to issue 14 crore Soil Health Cards to the farmers over the next 3 years.17. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai YojanaPradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana is aimed at ensuring access to water to every farm (“Har Khet Ko Pani”) round the year and improving water use efficiency (“Per Drop More Crop”). A comprehensive mapping and identification of water bodies across the country is one of the main focus area of the plan.18. Jan Suraksha Schemes (PMJJBY, PMBSY, APY)The budget 2015-16, had proposed, three Social Security Schemes, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha BimaYojna, Atal PensionYojana and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana. These three social security schemes, on Jan Dhan platform, was to protect an Indian citizen against illness, accidents, or penury in old age. This path breaking initiative towards providing affordable universal access to essential social security protection in a convenient manner, linked to auto-debit facility from the bank account of the subscriber was launched by the Prime Minister on 9th May, 2015.19. Rashtriya Gokul MissionRashtriya Gokul Mission Aims to Conserve and Develop Indigenous cattle Breeds through professional farm management and superior nutrition. The Rashtriya Gokul Mission is a focused project under National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development, with an outlay of Rs 500 crore during the 12th Five Year Plan.20. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao AbhiyaanTo end female feticide and discrimination against girl child Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Abhiyan on 22 Jan at Panipat, Hariyana. With an initial corpus of Rs 100 crore, the scheme has been launched in 100 districts across the country.21. Sukanya Samriddhi AccountSukanya Samriddhi Account is a special deposit account under the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (Girl child prosperity scheme) launched by the Prime Minister of India on 22 January 2015, with the stated aim of improving the welfare of female children in India. For more info on account facilities : National Savings Certificates (NSC)22. Himmat AppMobile App “Himmat” application downloaded in the smart phone helps women to raise SOS alert in case of any emergency and the same gets reported along with victim/ caller location in real time on the computer consoles placed in the Central Police Control Room, Delhi. The App aims to instill confidence in women, to help women in distress and to ensure their safety in Delhi.23. PAHAL-Direct Benefits Transfer for LPG (DBTL)Consumers Scheme PAHAL has become one of the largest cash transfer schemes of the world. This program aims to transfer subsidies directly to the people through their bank accounts. The Direct Benefit transfer of LPG (DBTL) scheme PAHAL (Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh) was re-launched on 15.11.2014 and implemented in two phases. The scheme will cover over 15.3 crore consumers across 676 districts of the country.24. Swachh Bharat MissionSwachh Bharat Abhiyan is a national campaign of Indian Government, covering 4041 statutory towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. This campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi , where Prime Minister Narendra Modi himself cleaned the road. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and school and college students of India have participated in this event. 25. Gold Monetisation SchemeIn the Union Budget Speech of 2015-16, an announcement was made and it was proposed to introduce a Gold Monetization Scheme, which will replace both the present Gold Deposit and Gold Metal Loan Schemes. The new scheme will allow the depositors of gold to earn interest in their metal accounts and the jewelers to obtain loans in their metal account. The stock of gold in India that is held by people of the country that is 'neither traded nor monetised' is estimated to be over 20,000 tonnes, which would be worth about Rs 60 lakh crore at the current market price. The draft gold monetisation scheme that has been launched on May 19, 2015, also provides for incentives to the banks, while individuals and institutions can deposit as low as 30 gms of gold, while the interest earned on it would be exempt from income tax as well as capital gains tax.26. Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima YojanaThe scheme provides accidental insurance of Rs.2 lakhs at just Re.1 per month (Rs.12 per annum) for the people in the age group of 18-70 years. The premium will be directly auto-debited by the bank from the subscriber's account. It is the only mode of paying the premium and thus creates a linkage between the beneficiary and the bank. A person has to opt for the scheme every year by submitting a simple form to the bank by 1st June. One can also opt for the scheme on a long term basis and in that case his account will be auto-debited every year by the bank. People between the age of 18 and 70 years, having an Aadhar linked bank account, are eligible for the scheme.27. Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima YojanaIt provides life insurance worth Rs.2 lakhs at 90 paise per day in event of death due to any reason (amounts to Rs.330 per annum) for the people in the age group of 18-50 years. The premium will be directly auto- debited by the bank from the subscriber's account. A person can opt for the scheme for a year or prefer to continue it as a long term option. In case of long term option, his account will be auto- debited every year by the bank.28. Atal Pension YojanaUnder the scheme, a pension of Rs.1,000 to Rs.5000 will be provided to people over 60 years of age .The focus is on all those not covered under any other social security rogram. Government will contribute 50% of the total contribution for five years, up to a maximum of Rs.1000 per annum. The scheme meant to persuade workers in unorganised sector, who form 88% of total workforce, to save voluntarily for the retirement. It is the improved version of Swavalamban scheme, launched in 2010-11, which has been found lacking in clarity with regard to pension benefits at the age after 60.29. Smart City ProgrammeThe Prime Minister’s vision of developing ‘one hundred Smart Cities’ equipped with the latest technology has begun to take shape with the Ministry of Urban Development. The Government has decided on developing 100 “Smart Cities” in the country to promote Wealthier, Healthier and Happier cities for better urban life. As well as existing cities that are to be remodeled on these lines.30. The National Urban Development MissionThe mission would aim at providing shelters equipped with essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner. In addition, the mission would also address livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors by facilitating access to suitable spaces, institutional credit, social security and skills to the urban street vendors for accessing emerging market opportunities.31. Pragati PlatformPRAGATI is a unique integrating and interactive platform uniquely bundles three latest technologies: Digital data management, video-conferencing and geo-spatial technology. The platform is aimed at addressing common man’s grievances, and simultaneously monitoring and reviewing important programmes and projects of the Government of India as well as projects flagged by State Governments.32. Sagar Mala projectSagar Mala project is a strategic and customer-oriented initiative of the Government of India to modernize India's Ports so that port-led development can be augmented and coastlines can be developed to contribute in India's growth. It looks towards "transforming the existing Ports into modern world class Ports and integrate the development of the Ports, the Industrial clusters and hinterland and efficient evacuation systems through road, rail, inland and coastal waterways resulting in Ports becoming the drivers of economic activity in coastal areas.33. Heritage City Development and Augmentation YojanaNational Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) was launched on 21 January 2015. The Scheme shall support development of core heritage infrastructure projects including revitalization of linked urban infrastructure for heritage assets such as monuments, Ghats, temples etc. along with reviving certain intangible assets. These initiatives shall include development of sanitation facilities, roads, public transportation & parking, citizen services, information kiosks etc.With a duration of 27 months (completing in March 2017) and a total outlay of INR 500 Crores, the Scheme is set to be implemented in 12 identified Cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati,(Andhra Pradesh), Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram,Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal.34. Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan YojanaKishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) is a scholarship program funded by the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India, aimed at encouraging students to take up research careers in the areas of basic sciences, engineering and medicine. It offers scholarship and contingency grants up to the pre-Ph.D. level to selected students. Started in 1999, it is administered by the Indian Institute of Science.The Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) is an on-going National Program of Fellowships in Basic Sciences, initiated and funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, to attract exceptionally talented and highly motivated students for pursuing basic science courses and research career in science.35. UDAY- Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojna- empowers the utilities to break even in next 2-3 years through four initiatives - improving operational efficiencies of discoms, reduction of cost of power, reduction in interest cost of discoms and enforcing financial discipline on discoms through alignment with state finances.36. Project Mausam- Maritime Routes and Cultural Landscapes Across the Indian Ocean- focuses on the natural wind phenomenon, especially monsoon winds used by Indian sailors in ancient times for maritime trade, that has shaped interactions between countries and communities connected by the Indian Ocean.37. Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana SAANJHIOur PM has requested all Members of Parliament (MP) to develop one model village in their constituency by year 2016 and two more by 2019. Department of Rural Development has formulated guidelines of the scheme. Hon'ble Prime Minister has released the guidelines on 11'th Oct 2014 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.38. DELP : DOMESTIC EFFICIENT LIGHTING PROGRAMMECurrently government is distributing LED bulbs to save electricity. They are distributing LED bulbs at a discounted rate of 90-95 Rs (Market rate : 350-450) and subsidized amount is added to the electricity bill for next 3-4 months.(Rs 90 per month) You can view the distribution and how much electricity is getting saved daily on this dashboard. National DELP Dashboard | EESL