Hague Convention Adoption: Fill & Download for Free

This is a popular question on Quora and demonstrates the lack of historical perspective common to this sort of question. Further the crimes committed by the Japanese army are enormous and in and of themselves justify using the bomb.The Japanese slaughtered on the order of 15,000,000! innocent civilians just because they could and the butchery was incredibly sadistic.Women, for example, had their unborn children cut out of their living mother's stomach and both left to die. This was a common practice and well documented. I have provided a link to a photo of Japanese medical experiment at the bottom of this answer because I want to OP to see what the poor people he feels so sorry for were like. These were not nice, civilized people. These people were not innocent victims. Don't go to the photo there unless you have a strong stomach. It's disgusting but I want to OP to study it. I have a warning posted before the link comes up.Two officers had a contest to see who could decapitate 100 people first. The score was kept in the Japanese newspapers until the winner could be announced.One Japanese correspondent was so horrified at the soldiers' butchery during an invasion he decided he couldn't publish the story.When it became apparent the war was lost they equipped their children with bamboo spears and trained them to resist the inevitable invasion.I find the assumptions behind the question insensitive, naive, and insulting. We spent our treasure, sacrificed over 100,000 of our citizens’ lives, and disrupting countless families back home putting this outlaw nation, a brutal, savage, barbaric monster known as Japan, back in its cage along with its fanatical, sadistic army. This aberration was responsible for more than fifteen million innocent civilian deaths on a scale that surpassed Nazi Germany. Japan aggressively invaded its peaceful neighbors without declarations of war murdering and raping along the way and we are criticized for finally dropping two atomic bombs on it in an effort to bring this unjust and unnecessary war to an end, a war we neither started nor wanted?I want to answer these questions because I believe they are based on a mistaken premise, that we did something wrong. But because there are so many and I don't want to start from scratch every time I have a boilerplate answer that states my views. Some of this answer may not fit perfectly within the context of this particular permutation of the question but a complete reading will answer the question, I have borrowed extensively from Andrew Warinner, Quora contributer: How is the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki different from what Hitler did to the Jews? Why did the Germans take moral responsibility for what happened with the Jews but the Americans did not?The bombs were dropped for only one reason, to save lives.How many lives were saved is an unknown dependent entirely upon when the Japanese surrendered. While Truman wouldn't have been concerned about saving Japanese lives estimates run as high as 4,000,000 saved. The Japanese estimate is 10,000,000 of their citizens would be killed in an invasion. Estimates of Allied lives saved run as high as 1,000,000. Contributor Mark Ferguson reminded me that in anticipation of casualties resulting from the invasion 500,000 Purple Heart medals were manufactured. Medals are still being issued from this stockpile. How the Atomic Bomb Saved 4,000,000 Lives - Hiroshima Saved Lives - Why Drop an Atomic Bomb? To Save Lives! - Purple HeartStrategic bombing was not a war crime under the Hague Conventions in force at the time. Mass killing of civilian populations under military occupation was a defined war crime.All the combatants of World War II considered banning strategic bombing in December 1922 and February 1923 in an update of the Hague Conventions but no state approved of the proposed measures. The Geneva Disarmament Conference of 1932 entertained proposals for banning bombing by aircraft but no measure was approved.While we may consider wholesale bombing of civilian centers a war crime (and it is, thanks to Protocol I of the Geneva Convention adopted in 1977), there was no international consensus to ban strategic bombing before or during World War II.The Japanese were planning to begin a biological warfare campaign against San Diego on September 22d. It was cancelled at the last minute in order to preserve warships to defend the homeland from the expected invasion. Operation Cherry Blossoms at NightThis was not a case of "victor's justice" or Allied hypocrisy.An important point of fact: international military tribunals for conducting strategic bombing campaigns during World War II prosecuted neither German nor Japanese defendants.Distinguishing between atomic bombing and conventional strategic bombing is morally problematic.The single biggest loss of life from aerial bombing was not Hiroshima, not Nagasaki; it was a single firebombing raid on Tokyo, Operation Meetinghouse. At least 100,000 and possibly up to 300,000 were killed, more than either the Hiroshima or Nagasaki bombing individually, maybe more than them combined. It seems dubious to me to distinguish between what does the killing, ionizing radiation vs. high explosive vs. incendiaries. Is one morally permissible and another not? Is it a question of scale of killing?Nagasaki and Hiroshima were bombed for tactical reasons.The Japanese farmed out their war production to cottage factories scattered throughout cities so that the only way to damage production was to carpet bomb these cities.A city is bombed for tactical purposes: communications are to be destroyed, railroads wrecked, ammunition plants demolished, factories razed, all for the purposes of impeding the military. In those operations, it inevitably happens that non-military persons are killed. This is an incident, a grave incident to be sure, but an unavoidable corollary of battle action. The civilians are not individualized. The bomb falls, it is aimed at the railroad yards and houses along the tracks are hit and many of their occupants killed. But that is entirely different, both in fact and in law, from an armed force marching up to those same railway tracks, entering those houses abutting thereon, dragging out the men, women, and children and shooting them.It was argued in behalf of the defendants that there was no moral distinction between shooting civilians with rifles and killing them by means of atomic bombs. There is no doubt that the invention of the atomic bomb has added a preoccupation and worry to the human race, but the atomic bomb, when used, was not aimed at non-combatants. Like any other aerial bomb employed during the war, it was dropped to overcome military resistance.Thus, as grave a military action as is an air bombardment, whether with the conventional bombs or by atomic bomb, the one and only purpose of the bombing is to effect the surrender of the bombed nation. The people of that nation, through their representatives, may surrender and, with the surrender, the bombing ceases, the killing is ended. Furthermore, a city is assured of not being bombed by the law-abiding belligerent if it is declared an open city.We warned and urged the citizens of each Japanese city, including Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to evacuate before each bombingIn addition, in keeping with our policy of warning Japanese civilians of a possible bombing and urging them to evacuate, we dropped leaflets over Nagasaki of a possible atomic bombing. Japanese soldiers would punish civilians who read these warning leaflets.Leaflets dropped on cities in Japan warning civilians about the atomic bomb, dropped c. August 6, 1945:TO THE JAPANESE PEOPLE:America asks that you take immediate heed of what we say on this leaflet.We are in possession of the most destructive explosive ever devised by man. A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s can carry on a single mission. This awful fact is one for you to ponder and we solemnly assure you it is grimly accurate.We have just begun to use this weapon against your homeland. If you still have any doubt, make inquiry as to what happened to Hiroshima when just one atomic bomb fell on that city.Before using this bomb to destroy every resource of the military by which they are prolonging this useless war, we ask that you now petition the Emperor to end the war. Our president has outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an honorable surrender. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building a new, better and peace-loving Japan.You should take steps now to cease military resistance. Otherwise, we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE. EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.Because your military leaders have rejected the thirteen part surrender declaration, two momentous events have occurred in the last few days.The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on the part of the military has notified your Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your nation. Thus, all powerful countries of the world are now at war with you.Also, because of your leaders' refusal to accept the surrender declaration that would enable Japan to honorably end this useless war, we have employed our atomic bomb.A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s could have carried on a single mission. Radio Tokyo has told you that with the first use of this weapon of total destruction, Hiroshima was virtually destroyed.Before we use this bomb again and again to destroy every resource of the military by which they are prolonging this useless war, petition the emperor now to end the war. Our president has outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an honorable surrender. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building a new, better, and peace-loving Japan.Act at once or we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.Girls training to attack men with gunsSource: Harry S. Truman Library, Miscellaneous historical document file, no. 258.Curtis LeMayThe LeMay Bombing LeafletThe Information War in the Pacific, 1945WW2 US Warning Leaflet / LeMay Bombing Leaflethttp://www.basicincome.com/bp/weweregoingafter.htmAmazon.com: unbroken: BooksHague Conventions of 1899 and 1907Airborne leaflet propagandaWARNING, CHINESE VICTIM MUTILATION PHOTO! DON'T GO TO THIS LINK UNLESS YOU HAVE A STRONG STOMACH!!!Showing Beyond: Brutality -> Mother and her child... Unit 731 (Set 2)

There is no federal law banning child-selling!Children can be sold in the USA for “consensual and non-exploitative adoption.”Child-selling is the practice of selling children, usually by parents, legal guardians, or subsequent masters or custodians. After a sale, when the subsequent relationship with the child is essentially non-exploitative, the usual purpose of child-selling is to permit adoption.In 1955–1956, passage of U.S. Federal legislation to ban baby-selling failed. [31].In international law; The Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption is a treaty which bans the buying and selling of children and attempts to impose controls and regulation on inter-country adoption, which gives rise to the practice. [65]Child selling - WikipediaFor selling for exploitation, see trafficking of children.For sale as part of ongoing slavery, see child slavery.For the illegal acquisition of children by purchase or otherwise, see child laundering.

Legal and ethical adoptions must be carried out in the child's country of citizenship.A country has the legal responsibility to make laws and set policies for the protection of its most vulnerable citizens, including children without parents. It must decide things such as whether a child can be placed for adoption with a family overseas, or only with a domestic family. It must set requirements such as the minimum and maximum ages for the adoptive parents. It must decide whether to allow singles, gay people, or people who are obese to adopt. It needs to ensure that any child adopted internationally will be able to enter his/her new country legally and receive all the privileges of citizenship in that country.Thus, for example, if a Chinese family wants to place a child with a family in the US, Chinese law says that the child must have been legally relinquished, abandoned, or orphaned and living in a Chinese orphanage or foster home. It is illegal for the Chinese family to go to the US with the child and find a home for the child there, and it is illegal for an American family to come to China and approach families about adopting one of their children.The orphanage must send the child's paperwork to the CCCWA, a branch of the Chinese government, which oversees all international adoptions. American families must sign up with a nonprofit American adoption agency approved by China and accredited. by the US under the requirements of the Hague Convention on intercountry adoption, an important treaty ratified by approximately 100 countries. It must use the agency to submit a large dossier, including a homestudy report prepared by a licensed homestudy provider in their state and USCIS preliminary approval to immigrate a child.At this time, Chinese law permits only children with special needs to be adopted internationally. It no longer has a surplus of healthy infants or children with minor problem, as domestic adoption has now become more acceptable there, and the one-child policy has ended.In most cases, families with an approved homestudy will choose a child meeting their age, gender, and health preferences from a list of waiting children kept by their agency. The agency will submit the family's request to adopt the child to China, along with the homestudy report and certain other documents. In other cases, the family will simply ask China to select a child for them, be asked on their preferences, and submit the necessary paperwork.If China approves the family and the match between the family and the child, the CCCWA will notify the family's agency. There will then be some additional paperwork for China, the US State Department, and the USCIS.When all paperwork is complete, the agency will prepare the family for traveling to China. In China, the family will meet the child and, if all goes well, they will finalize the adoption in the child's province. Once the family receives the child's official adoption paperwork, the family and child will proceed to Guangzhou, where the child will have his/her visa medical examination and visa photos taken. They will then go to their appointment at the US Consulate to apply for their child's IH-3 or IH-4 visa to enter the US. If all is in order, the family can pick up the visa the next day and head home. The entire trip generally takes approximately two weeks.