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Green Books 1940, 1956 and 1960 (The Green Book Chronicles)The year is 1950. You and a car full of relatives are cruising in a '47 Buick, driving west on the Dixie Overland Highway to California.. Unfortunately, you might not even make it to the Texas border. It is not a flat tire, low fuel or overheated radiator that has sidelined your vacation. Rather it is due to the color of your skin- for you are African American, driving through the Deep South, and night is coming.With the expansion and improvement of roads and highways and a burgeoning fascination with road trips by the 1930s, publishers provided guidebooks for travelers.[1] From Maine to California, thousands of communities isolated African Americans (or sometimes Chinese Americans, Jewish Americans, etc.) by force, law, or custom. It didn’t matter if you were Dorothy Dandridge, Lena Horne, Duke Ellington or Ralph Bunche traveling state to state, if the road was not friendly or obliging, there was no safe haven for African American travellers.The real story of the Green Book, the guide that changed how black people traveled in America"For the Negro traveler, whether on business or pleasure, there was always trouble finding suitable accommodation in hotels and guest houses where he would be welcomed."[2]For black Americans traveling by car in the era of segregation, the open road presented serious dangers. Driving interstate distances to unfamiliar locales, black motorists ran into institutionalized racism in a number of pernicious forms, from hotels and restaurants that refused to accommodate them to hostile “sundown towns,” where posted signs might warn people of color that they were banned after nightfall. Signs typically read "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Go Down On You In ___."[3] Many brought along boxed lunches in order to avoid being turned away from restaurants or dining cars. [4]Paula Wynter, a Manhattan-based artist, recalls a frightening road trip when she was a young girl during the 1950s. In North Carolina, her family hid in their Buick after a local sheriff passed them, made a U-turn and gave chase. Wynter’s father, Richard Irby, switched off his headlights and parked under a tree. “We sat until the sun came up,” she says. “We saw his lights pass back and forth. My sister was crying; my mother was hysterical.”[5]Victor Hugo Green - WikipediaVictor H. Green, a 44-year-old black postal carrier in Harlem[6] , relied on his own experiences and on recommendations from black members of his postal service union for the inaugural guide bearing his name, The Negro Motorist Green-Book, in 1937.[7] The 15-page directory covered Green’s home turf, the New York metropolitan area, listing establishments that welcomed blacks.[8] The guide's power was that it created a safety net. If a person could travel by car—and those who could, did—they would feel more in control of their destiny. The Green-Book was what they needed.From the preface of the 1940 issue:"The idea of 'The Green-Book' is to give the motorist and tourist a guide not only of the hotels and tourist homes in all of the large cities, but other classifications that will be found useful wherever he may be. Also facts and information that the Negro motorist can use and depend upon."You will find it handy on your travels, whether at home or in some other state, and is up to date. Each year we compile new lists as some of these places move or go out of business and new business places are started, giving added employment to members of our race."[9]The directories listed establishments that catered to blacks—businesses and services including hotels, taverns, nightclubs, restaurants, service and automotive repair stations, tourist homes, roadhouses, barbershops and beauty salons, golf courses and state parks.[10]Listings were organized by state and city, with the vast majority located in major metropolises such as Chicago and Detroit. More remote places had fewer options—Alaska only had a lone entry in the 1960 guide, but even in cities with no black-friendly hotels, the book often listed the addresses of home owners who were willing to rent rooms.[11]Mail carriers were uniquely situated to know which homes would accommodate travelers; they mailed reams of listings to Green.[12] And black travelers were soon assisting Green—submitting suggestions, in an early example of what today would be called user-generated content. For example, in 1949 for Montgomery, AL, the guidebook recommended the Douglas Hotel and Bonnie’s Restaurant as safe places.[13] It listed eight locations in Alabama deemed “safe” for the Negro traveler. That was a pretty low number considering Georgia had 17…Tennessee had a whopping 66. Even Mississippi had 38 locations listed.[14]A.G. Gaston Motel Partnership: The City of Birmingham and the National Park Service (U.S. National Park Service)Later added to the list was the restaurant at Birmingham’s A.G. Gaston Motel. Built in the 1950’s, it later became known as the place Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. would stay as he held strategy sessions around the civil rights movement in that city.[15]Another of Green’s innovations laid the foundation for modern residential lodging networks; like Airbnb, his guide listed private residences where black travelers could stay safely.[16]In 1954, it suggested that visitors to tiny Roswell, New Mexico, should stay at the home of a Mrs. Mary Collins.[17] Indeed, it was an honor to have one’s home listed as a rooming house in the Green-Book, though the listings themselves were minimalist: “ANDALUSIA (Alabama) TOURIST HOMES: Mrs. Ed. Andrews, 69 N. Cotton Street.”[18] In 1956, travelers to Hartford, CT, could stay at Mrs. Johnson’s house at 2016 Main St.[19]The Green-Book was indispensable to black-owned businesses. For historians, the listings offer a record of the rise of the black middle class, and in particular, of the entrepreneurship of black women.The Remarkable Black Businesswomen Who Found Success in Segregated AmericaAt the helm of the Green Book during its apogee was Alma Duke Green.. The widow of Victor Hugo Green (the couple married in 1917 and remained childless), Alma continued to publish the guide, with assistance of an all-female editorial staff.[20] Alma’s personal experiences with Jim Crow and the hazards of travel went even deeper, however. Whereas Victor was born in New York and had lived nearly all his life in either New York or New Jersey,[21] Alma was born in Richmond on June 9, 1889. She was an early participant in the Great Migration, joining approximately 1.6 million African Americans in the first wave of the movement, which lasted from 1910 to 1940.[22] As a result of these experiences, Alma knew fully and personally how the Jim Crow laws of the American South affected those who lived under their yoke, as well as what traveling to and from the North entailed in the early 1900s.1956 opening of Esso Gas Station (1956-photo-of-the-grand-opening-of-Esso-gas-station-Memphis-Tennessee_fig3_286124463/amp)In 1952, Green retired from the postal service to become a full-time publisher. Subscriptions to the guide sold for 25 cents an issue ( the final issue cost $1) and continued to be published for 7 years after Green's death.[23] At the height of its circulation, Green printed 20,000 books annually.[24] Distributed mostly through mail order, AAA also offered Green's guidebook, as did black churches, the Negro Urban League and Esso gasoline stations (due in part to subsidies between Standard Oil and Esso)[25] . Esso not only served black customers, but the company also willingly franchised to blacks, unlike most franchisers of the day.[26]Writing in the 1948 edition, Green predicted:“There will be a day in the near future when this guide will not have to be published. That is when we as a race will have equal opportunities and privileges in the United States.”[27]Victor Green died in 1960, four years before Congress passed the Civil Rights Act making segregation illegal[28] and rendering the Green Book unnecessary. Until then it was essential, with a circulation of two million by 1962.[29]Final Edition (The Negro Motorist Green Book - Wikipedia)The Green-Book's final edition, in 1966-67, filled 99 pages and embraced the entire nation and even some international cities.[30] The guide pointed black travelers to places including hotels, restaurants, beauty parlors, nightclubs, golf courses and state parks.Green’s lasting influence was showing the way for the next generation of black entrepreneurs. Asking people to open their homes to unfamiliar travellers was a radical concept. Some charged a little, but many charged nothing.Footnotes[1] The Green Book: The First Travel Guide for African-Americans Dates to the 1930s[2] https://www.nalc.org/news/the-postal-record/2013/september-2013/document/09-2013_green-book.pdf[3] Sundown Towns by James W. Loewen[4] 'Green Book' Helped Keep African Americans Safe on the Road[5] Overground Railroad[6] Victor Hugo Green - Wikipedia[7] The Green Book Chronicles[8] The Negro Motorist Green Book (1936-1964)[9] The Negro Motorist Green-Book: 1940[10] https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/news/the-green-book-the-black-travelers-guide-to-jim-crow-america[11] The Travelers' Green Book: 1960[12] ‘The Green Book’[13] Full text of "The Negro Motorist Green Book, 1949"[14] What the Original 'Green Book' Had to Say About Alabama — Á la Carte Alabama[15] A.G. Gaston Motel Partnership: The City of Birmingham and the National Park Service (U.S. National Park Service)[16] Beyond the Banks: Doing it by the 'Green Book'[17] https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/federal_government/road-guide-for-african-american-civil-rights-activists-pointed-way-to-1963-march/2013/08/27/1085a2c4-0f64-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html[18] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book_1940.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiep4v71pXoAhUBGc0KHalWBT4QFjAQegQIBhAC&usg=AOvVaw0lfYtKwyIOjWFp9TvuiRfU[19] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nalc.org/news/nalc-updates/body/Green-Book-handout.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjTv8OZ15XoAhXBAp0JHdUVBDEQFjAAegQIBhAB&usg=AOvVaw0jQJh51GiA1PoGRPwH2as_&cshid=1584041863163[20] The Mother of the Green Book Ignored by History[21] https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/news/the-green-book-the-black-travelers-guide-to-jim-crow-america[22] The Long-Lasting Legacy of the Great Migration[23] Opinion | Traveling While Black: The Green Book’s Black History[24] The real story of the Green Book, the guide that changed how black people traveled in America[25] https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/news/the-green-book-the-black-travelers-guide-to-jim-crow-america[26] Esso, and the Green Book[27] The Negro Motorist Green Book: 1948[28] Civil Rights Act of 1964 (U.S. National Park Service)[29] The Mother of the Green Book Ignored by History[30] 'Green Book' Helped Keep African Americans Safe on the Road

The story describing astronaut sabotage from within the space station, in order to get one of them home early —for whatever reason— is total craziness. There are many avenues available to astronauts (and cosmonauts for that matter) to allow them an official request for a shortened mission and a trip home. Requiring the support of the current mission commander, whether it would be approved or not… that’s a question for the folks in Mission Control and the urgency of those making the request.What folks must understand is that the battery powered-drills on board the station are terribly underpowered for someone wanting to drill a hole in the hull of their outer space-based home. As a matter of fact, when I lived and worked on the station in 2007 (152 days worth), the only power drills were those of the Russian cosmonauts. They were your standard, small-sized portable drills, available at any U. S. “big box” hardware store. I would use them to remove screws —that’s right, remove screws, like a screwdriver— from the newly-arrived Node 2/Unity module, brought into space by the STS0–120 crew aboard Discovery. Those drills, powered by off-the-shelf rechargeable batteries, were woefully inadequate to drill holes in any solid surface much “stouter” than a piece of wood. I can only imagine someone trying to drill a hole in the metal shell of a Soyuz spaceship, as the drill would strain under the load, probably draining the battery within a few short minutes (maybe even seconds!).So get off the “sabotage train” and think realistically. For example, I CAN totally imagine a Russian assembly line worker —fresh off a successful weekend of “relaxation”— coming into work and making a glaring, but unintentional, error. Not wanting to be reprimanded for that error (which could include losing their job?), a cover-up might ensue. If my scenario has any truth to it, that cover-up was disappointingly unsuccessful. And if the hole was repaired with the U. S. patch kit, I’m guessing they won’t need to worry about the hole any longer. And for those worried about a problem during the Soyuz return to Earth, don’t! The Russian compartment where the hole is/was is discarded long before re-entry, still in the vacuum of outer space.Keep lookin’ up!

Assassin's Creed Series :- It is a historical fiction story based video game with open world(you can roam around and with freedom). This game series has left some serious dents on the gaming industry. If you want to start with this series I recommend playing Assassin's Creed Brotherhood first.Trailer:-Far Cry Series:- This is an adventure based open world game. If you want to experience "How it is to live life in a forest?". You can hunt down animals(one of the key features of game), Gliding, Exploring forest for hidden caves etc. In this series I would recommend far cry 3 to be played first. Trailer:-Watch Dogs:- This game's USP is hacking. You can hack Traffic Signals, ATM's, Mobile Phones and basically each and every object that is connected to the internet in the game to accomplish the missions.Trailer:-NFS Most Wanted(2012 edition) :- This game is one of the best example of how racing games should be made. Open world with almost 120 cars to race with and you have to explore more then 90's location in the game. You'll fall in love with this game when you will pass one of the auto repair station.Elder's Scrolls Skyrim :- This game has got everything which you can do in real life (Ex:- You can even adopt a child in the game). With its massive 300 hours of game play you will never get bored of it.There are plenty of games out there as you requested. But to start with i will recommend this games.Note:- Please don't play pirated games. Please support the developers, if you like the game please buy it.