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Yes, though there is considerable debate over the timing of the effects. Unfortunately, fluid intelligence tends to decrease with time, starting in either one's 20s or 30s. Average raw IQ scores decrease with age, though the average IQ at older ages stays at 100 because IQ tests are normalized for each age. Crystallized intelligence, however, is stable over time.There is disagreement over when the decline begins, however. Robert Epstein cites some declines that start in the mid-teens [1]. Timothy Salthouse says that the declines begin in the 20s, as shown by the figure below [2]. [3] says that the declines only begin in the 30s. There are some measures, like working memory, that can still improve in one's 20s [4]. It's entirely possible that some components of cognition can start to decline even before other components of cognition finally peak. After all, it's much harder for people to learn a new language after puberty - but that's well before the age when people's fluid intelligence finally becomes to decline.There seems to be a general consensus that it's all downhill from the 30s, however.What about physiological changes? Dendritic pruning in the brain still occurs during one's 20s [5]. But eventually, the human brain shrinks over time [6]. After mid-age, the transcriptome of the brain also starts changing towards an older state. [7].Keep in mind, though, that there is a significant amount of variability in the rate at which cognition declines (much of it probably due to lifestyle effects). Some older individuals have brains that are still as sharp as those who are several decades younger (Secrets of 'SuperAger' brains: Elderly super-agers have brains that look and act decades younger than their age ). But that doesn't mean that they were as sharp as they were when they were in their 20s.================[1] http://drrobertepstein.com/pdf/Epstein-THE_MYTH_OF_THE_TEEN_BRAIN-Scientific_American_Mind-4-07.pdfIn the 1940s pioneering intelligence researchers J. C. Raven and David Wechsler, relying on radically differrent kinds of intelligence tests, each showed that raw scores on intelligence tests peak between ages 13 and 15 and decline after that throughout life. Although verbal expertise and some forms of judgment can remain strong throughout life, the extraordinary cognitive abilities of teens, and especially their ability to learn new things rapidly, is beyond question. And whereas brain size is not necessarily a good indication of processing ability, it is notable that recent scanning data collected by Eric Courchesne and his colleagues at the University of California, San Diego, show that brain volume peaks at about age 14. By the time we are 70 years old, our brain has shrunk to the size it had been when we were about three.[2] http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/fall10/psy8935/readings/salthouse2009.pdf[3] "Challenging the notion of an early-onset of cognitive decline"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197458009000244The problem of conceptually regarding cognition as a unitary entity by claiming the early cognitive decline becomes obvious in the data Salthouse (2009) presents. The data depicted in Figure 2 do not reveal a coherent unitary picture. For spatial visualization, the decline seems to start early as stated by Salthouse, but it should be acknowledged that the decline seems to be limited to 20–35 years of age. The same holds true for reasoning, at least for two of the three reasoning measures. For memory, it should first be observed that the decline is surprisingly modest for all three measures. If anything, it seems to be a decline between 25 and 35 years of age, whereas for other ages, the decline is relatively meager. For speed, the decline is early and linear across later ages, but it is not as early as Salthouse wants it to be. It starts at 30 years rather than 20.[4] Working memory, however, can increase even up to age 30 (and does not decline as quickly). See http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4655/version/1/files/npre20104655-1.pdfAnother key pattern is that there was a peak in working memory capacity in 30-year olds. Previous research only examined working memory growth up till 25 years and had indicated that working skills reached maximum capacity in the teenage years. The present study revealed that working memory continues developing even in our twenties, reaching peak performance in our thirtiesThese distinctive patterns in the trajectory and decline of working memory skills suggest that while working memory and fluid intelligence may share neural substrates, they have dissociable cognitive profiles across the lifespan. Compared with IQ , the growth of working memory occurs more rapidly and the decline more slowly, with functioning in those in their sixties similar to those in their twenties[5] Dendritic pruning happens up to one's 20s (http://www.pnas.org/content/108/32/13281)We confirm that dendritic spine density in childhood exceeds adult values by two- to threefold and begins to decrease during puberty. However, we also obtained evidence that overproduction and developmental remodeling, including substantial elimination of synaptic spines, continues beyond adolescence and throughout the third decade of life before stabilizing at the adult level. Such an extraordinarily long phase of developmental reorganization of cortical neuronal circuitry has implications for understanding the effect of environmental impact on the development of human cognitive and emotional capacities as well as the late onset of human-specific neuropsychiatric disorders.[6] http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016709108. Surprisingly, the chimpanzee brain is largely spared of these effects (http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/07/the-incredible-shrinking-human-b.html?rss=1 )The team used MRI scanners to measure the sizes of a number of brain regions in both humans and chimps. The differences were striking: While chimps showed no significant age-related shrinkage in any of the regions measured, all of the human brain regions showed dramatic age effects, the team reports online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Some regions shrank as much as 25% by 80 years of age.Moreover, the pattern was somewhat different for human gray matter, which contains the nerve cell bodies and their nuclei, along with auxiliary cells such as microglia, and human white matter, which consists of the long neural axons and which makes the connections between different brain regions.For example, the gray matter of the human frontal lobe shrank an average of about 14% between the age of 30 and 80, and the gray matter of the hippocampus about 13% over the same period. But shrinkage of white matter was even more severe: The white matter of the frontal lobe shrank about 24%, similar to the white matter volume decrease in most other brain regions measured.Moreover, unlike the gray matter, which showed a more gradual shrinkage over time, the decline in white matter was most precipitous between the ages of 70 and 80. So although the average decline in the frontal lobe was 24% at age 80, it was only about 6% at age 70.So why do chimpanzees make it through their entire normal life spans without significant brain shrinkage, whereas the human brain appears to wither with age?[7] Gene regulation and DNA damage in the ageing human brainAnnual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease==Is it possible to change things or to slow the decline? Maybe. See Alex K. Chen's answer to What are some ways to prevent mental decay as you age?==Additional references:http://www.dana.org/printerfriendly.aspx?id=33778http://lesswrong.com/lw/4gi/age_fluid_intelligence_and_intelligent_posts/http://human.ageing-map.org/search/results/tissue/100164Major Issues in Cognitive Aging (Oxford Psychology Series): Timothy Salthouse: 9780195372151: Amazon.com: Books

1. Stephen Hawking (IQ: 160-170)Pure genius, this astrophysicist! Despite undergoing depression and motor neuron disease, he managed to reinvent his academic career and today, is famous for his 1988 book,A Brief History of Time, has pioneered several theories on black holes and made plenty of guest appearances in various TV shows likeThe Simpsons , Futurama and Star Trek: The Next Generation.Source2. Edward Witten (IQ: Unknown)String theory, M-theory, quantum gravity and super-symmetry. Do these words sound familiar to you? Well, this man has contributed plenty to these. As a physicist, he has been described as “the most brilliant physicist of his generation” and “the world’s greatest living theoretical physicist.” He's also a part of TIME magazine's 100 most influential people of the world with accolades like the Fields Medal, the Dirac Prize, the Albert Einstein Medal and the Nemmers Prize in Mathematics.3. Noam Chomsky (IQ: Unknown)Guess who is the “father of modern linguistics"? He is, of course! A cognitive scientist, philosopher and political observer, his work revolutionized everything from artificial intelligence to music theory. And he has authored over a 100 books. Furthermore, he was voted into world's Top 100 Public Intellectual in a 2005 poll.Source4. Manahel Thabet (IQ: 168)This Yemeni scientist, economist and consultant is a part of the top 0.1% of highest IQs of the world. She's also the youngest person and the only Arab to ever attain such distinction. She's won many awards, including UN's Humanitarian award. One brilliant woman she is!Source5. Judit Polgár (IQ: 170)Behold the best female chess prayer in history! Polgar was a child prodigy, becoming a grandmaster at the age of 11, and at present, is the only chess player in the World Chess Federation’s Top 100 Players list! Here's a fun fact: Apparently, Polgar was raised by her father as a project to prove that “geniuses are made, not born.” Well sir, we got your point!Source6. Andrew Wiles (IQ: 170)So this man is an award-winning English Mathematician, best known for proving Fermat’s Last Theorem in 1995, which according to The Guinness Book of World Records is one of the world’s “most difficult mathematical problems". Wow man, a 358-year-old-theorem solved! Brilliant!Source7. Grigori Perelman (IQ: Unknown)This guy first makes landmark contributions in mathematics and then decides to leave it all together! He baffled everyone with his work, and was even awarded the Fields Medal (which is Nobel in maths), but he declined the award saying, "I’m not interested in money or fame; I don’t want to be on display like an animal in a zoo.” Some swag!Source8. John Sununu (IQ: 180)A member of Mega Society, a society of people with really high IQ, Sununu, a mechanical engineer, after spending years as the dean of engineering for Massachusetts-based Tufts University, he became the Governor of New Hampshire, and then moved on to the White House as the Chief of Staff! Quite a journey, except he had to step down because of alleged power abuse!Source9. Ruth Lawrence (IQ: Unknown)A former child prodigy, this British mathematician made headlines in 1985 after obtaining a bachelor's degree from Oxford University at 13 years of age! Can you believe it? Currently, she's an associate professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem ’s Einstein Institute of Mathematics and is working on algebraic topology and knot theory, which is apparently mindbogglingly complicated for any practical usage yet.Source10. Magnus Carlsen (IQ: 190)Meet the reigning World Chess Champion, Carlsen, who's the youngest player to ever be ranked number one. He was personally coached by chess icon Garry Kasparov until 2010. So far, he's won 7 chess Oscars and has been regarded as "the genius who'll only get better."Source11. Saul Kripke (IQ: Unknown)So hear this. A rabbi's son, Kripke was invited to teach at Harvard when he was still in high school! You ask why? Well, as a teenager he wrote a series of papers that eventually transformed the study of modal logic! His research and theories include the Kripke-Platek set theory, his causal theory of reference and his “Kripkenstein” theory. He is also an award-winning logician and philosopher who has been ranked the seventh most important philosopher of the past two centuries.Source12. Benjamin Netanyahu (IQ: 180)The first Israeli prime minister born in Israelafter the establishment of the state, this guy is clearly a smart chap with an IQ that high! Hewas listed as number 11 on The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010.Source13. Akshay Venkatesh (IQ: Unknown)This Math prodigy won the bronze medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad when he was just 11! He was born in Australia, but is an Indian by origin and is the youngest person to study in the University of Western Australia! Furthermore, he received his PHD at the age of 20 from Princeton. Clearly a brilliant mathematician!Source14. Shahriar Afshar (IQ: Unknown)This Iranian American Physicist and entrepreneur has notably invented the award-winning “4D” Soundkix mini speaker and iscurrently ranked the 8th smartest person alive with a number of groundbreaking inventions. Currently, he is a visiting research professor of physics at New Jersey’s Rowan University as well as the president, CTO and CEO of consumer electronics start up Immerz.Source15. Steven Pinker (IQ: Unknown)Say hello to this Canadian visual cognition and psycho-linguistics expert, who is currently a professor at Harvard. And the man has much more to offer. His awards and medals include a Troland Research Award from the National Academy of Sciences and a Royal Institution Henry Dale Prize.Source16. Evangelos Katsioulis (IQ: 198)Does he not look like a bald version of Sheldon Cooper? Well regardless, he is equally brilliant because only 1 in 30 million people match his intelligence level. He is currently a member of 28 IQ societies and has formed the World Intelligence Network IQ society!Source17. Donald Knuth (IQ: Unknown)Here we have the “father” of algorithmic analysis, who is also a renowned computer scientist and mathematician, famous for hismulti-volume tome The Art of Computer Programming. Trying saying this in one breath and you'll know how smart he really is!Source18. James Woods (IQ: 180)I'm sure you've spotted this man in several Hollywood flicks such as White House Downand The Virgin Suicides. But did you know that he's a former MIT graduate in political science? He went there on scholarship after perfecting the pre-SATs with 800 and 799 on the verbal and math portions, respectively. How cool is this man?Source19. Mislav Predavec (IQ: 190)“Very difficult intelligence tests are my favorite hobby.” Well, if that's his hobby, just imagine his professional skills! He's also the third smartest person alive, and has initiated several high IQ societies like GenerIQ. Clearly an ace Croatian mathematician!Source20. Marilyn Vos Savant (IQ: 186)Not only has this wonderful lady made it to The Guinness Book of World Records as the person possessing the highest IQ in 1986, but also has column after her name called " Ask MarilynI " in the Parade Magazine. Although with a controversial stand on her IQ, according to which she'd earlier scored a whopping 228 but then took the Mega Test to score 186, in 1989 the New York magazine regarded her and her husband Robert Jarvik – who designed the first successful artificial heart were regarded as “the smartest couple in New York.”Source21. Paul Allen (IQ: 160-170)This co-founder of Microsoft who had to resign from his post in 2000 due to Hodgkin’s lymphoma, has to be a genius to start something this awesome! Alongside, he launched the Allen Institute for Brain Science in 2003, founded space transport company Stratolaunch Systems in 2011, and is a renowned philanthropist with donations that exceed $1.5 billion!Source22. Garry Kasparov (IQ: 190)Magnus Carlsen's guru, 'legendary' is probably an understatement to describe this chess player. If you didn't know, he's the guy who took on IBM computer Deep Blue for an opponent and won with a score of 4-2. Currently he's focusing on politics and writing after retiring from chess in 2005.Source23. Christopher Langan (IQ: 195-210)Some say he's the smartest man alive because he taught himself how to read at the age of 4. Some special kind of genius this man is! What's even more intriguing is that he dropped out of college and then worked as a doorman to eventually develop his Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe.Source24. Richard Rosner (IQ: 190)You'd be amazed at this guy's career road as he claims to have been employed as a stripper, doorman, male model and waiter. He has written for several TV shows such as JImmy Kimmel LIve and is famous for his appearance in Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in 2000. He also has a bit of a competitive streak as despite placing second in the World Genius Directory’s 2013 Genius of the Year Award, behind Greek psychiatrist Evangelos Katsioulis, he took to reading for 20 hours a day, in order to outdo him.Source25. Kim Ung-Yong (IQ: 210)Imagine sustaining an IQ score of over 200 since age 4! He's a former Guinness World Record holder for highest IQ, and is currently a civil engineer in Korea. But, guess when he started his university education? At the age of 3! And by the time he hit 16, he had received a PHD in Physics from the Colorado State University and was working with NASA! Wow, right?Source26. Christopher Hirata (IQ: 225)Speaking of intellectuals, Hirata was 13 years old when he became the youngest U.S. citizen to receive an International Physics Olympiad gold medal. I couldn't even make my bed at 13! But this guy started studying at the California Institute of Technology at 14 and was working for NASA, on human accommodations on Mars, at 16! Currently he's a professor at The Ohio State University with specialties in dark energy, gravitational lensing, the cosmic microwave background, galaxy clustering, and general relativity!Source27. Terence Tao (IQ: 230)This 'Mozart of Maths' is probably the smartest dude on the this planet at this particular hour! This Australian child prodigy used to teach 5 year old kids how to spell and add when he was just 2! Imagine that, and by the time he turned 10 he was writing International Maths Olympiads! By the time he was 16, he earned his bachelors and masters and at the age of 20, his P.H.D. Guess who can beat that? No one!.Source

Putting to one side the distinction between “who is” and “who was”, it’s hard to believe this woman has not yet received a mention. Or, more likely, I just didn’t see it. The following simply summarises her Wikipedia entry, so it must be true. SheWas starring in major Hollywood productions from the age of threeWon an Academy Award at the age of sevenIs ranked 18th on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female American screen legends of Classic Hollywood cinema.Had her own radio series on CBSNarrated a successful television anthology series and was involved in many othersServed on the boards of several large corporations and other organisations including Bank of America, Disney, Bank of California, the United States Commission for UNESCORan for congress (admittedly as a Republican)Was president of the public affairs forum, the Commonwealth Club of CaliforniaWas appointed a delegate to the 24th United Nations General AssemblyWas appointed Unites States Ambassador to GhanaWas appointed Chief of Protocol of the United StatesWas in charge of arrangements for President Jimmy Carter's inauguration and inaugural ballServed as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia, playing a small role in the demise of the communist regimeHad many, many other achievements, any one of which, most actors would be immensely proud.Still don’t know who she is?Shirley TempleI suppose that she never had a university degree and probably never had her IQ formally tested. Perhaps, therefore, her list of achievements is not indicative of high “intelligence” (whatever that means). Maybe any Hollywood ditz could achieve what Shirley Temple did, but instead they choose the more arduous path of a modern undergraduate liberal arts degree to have their genius satiated and recognised. In all fairness though, anyone who subjects themselves to the awful maelstrom of venom that is Hollywood, and survives with any degree of success must be pretty clever and determined.Finally, it needs to be said that Shirley Temple is almost never given the credit she deserves for her role ushering in a golden era of paediatric dentistry. The massive explosion in the incidence of child tooth decay in the mid-20th century correlates closely with her subtle endorsements of the sugar industry in “On the Good Ship Lollipop.” DISCLAIMER: That last paragraph is just a bit of fun.