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Hi thanks for A2A,Ways to settle in these two countries are not very different.Few common steps in the chronological order are:-Initiate by Getting an AdmitCanada: Appear for exams like TOEFL, IELTS, GRE (if required) etc. Draft your Statements of Purpose (SOPs), Letters of Recommendation (LORs), and essays. Use various sources to collect information about the universities’ eligibility criteria, application procedure etc. Send in your application containing your official transcripts before Respect the deadline and make sure that you have a valid passport.USA: Decide which universities you want to apply for and look at their admission criteria. You can use GyanDhan’s admit predictor to estimate your chances. Take the entrance exams like SAT, GMAT, GRE, TOEFL, IELTS. Write SOPs (Statements of Purpose) and ask for LORs (Letters of Recommendation). Apply to the colleges which fit your interests. You need to submit certain documents along with your application like attested copies of mark sheets, Resume, etc.Next step will be to get your visaEligibility for CanadaMust have an admit offerProvide proof in the form of bank statements, receipts or certificates that you have enough money to pay for your Tuition and Living expenses.Not have a criminal record.Be in good health.For the US, you will typically need a student visa called the “F1” visa.Documents6 months old valid PassportNon-Immigrant Visa Application, including Application fee payment receipt, as you are required to pay before your interview.Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant (F-1) Student Status - Your school will send you a Student and Exchange Visitor System (SEVIS) generated Form I-20 once they have entered your information in the SEVIS database. You and your school official must sign the Form I-20. This form evidences your ability to pay the 1st year’s cost of education. You can use an education loan to give evidence of the same.After that comes visa interview. During the personal interview at the consulate, additional documents may be requested by the interviewer to prove evidence of academic or financial status which include:Transcripts, diplomas, degrees, or certificates from schools you attended.Scores from tests that your US school required; such as the TOEFL, SAT, GRE, or GMAT.Proof that you will pay all educational, living and travel costs.Under the F-1 visa, you can remain in the US up to 60 days beyond the length of time it takes to complete your academic program, unless you have applied and have been approved to stay and work for a period of time under the OPT ProgramInternships leading to gainful employmentFor Canada, you can also apply for internships through career development programs or student internship programs to increase your chances of job recruitment post the completion of your studies. While on the student visa, you can work on or off-campus for up to 20 hours during university semesters and full-time during breaks such as the winter or summer holidays, without the need for a work permit.The United States has several rules and limitations for allowing international students to pick up part time jobs during their course of study in the US.Have authorisation by the Designated School Official (DSO) on your Form I-201D or have received Form I-766, also known as the Employment Authorisation Document (EAD) from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).Must have completed one year of study in the US to be eligible for off-campus employment under the F-1 visa.Your off-campus employment under F-1 visa must be related to your area of study and be authorised beforehand by the DSO (person authorised to maintain the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS)) and USCIS.If you are a F-1 visa holder, you can look at two types of employments:On-campus work such as cafeteria, bookstore, etc.Off-campus work as part of a scholarship, fellowship, assistantship, post-doctoral appointment at a workplace that is educationally related or affiliated with your campus.You can also work as a Teaching Assistant, or Research Assistant in your campus which is not subject to the 1 year rule. But you cannot work more than 20 hours per week. Though during holidays, breaks and summer sessions, you may work up to 40 hours per week. Working for more than 20 hours will lead to problems involving reinstatement of student status to deportation.The CPT allows you to have a paid internship after 9 months (taken to be the first academic year) of entering the U.S.Send your resume to your internships coordinator at your school, who is in charge of co-op and internship programs and apply to the positions you are interested in.After you accept the offer for your internship, you will have to fill out the CPT form at your international student office and get it approved. Your employer and your internship dates will be recorded on your I-20.If you are looking for an internship after you graduate, it will be covered under Optional Practical Training (OPT). You will have to apply to US department of Immigration for approval to work in OPT. You will receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) that lets you legally work in the US for usually 12 months.Curricular Practical Training (CPT)This often takes the form of internships, co-ops, or independent studies. It should then be shown to your prospective employer as evidence of your eligibility to participate in CPT. If you complete more than twelve months of full-time CPT, you’re not allowed to apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT).Optional Practical Training (OPT)OPT is allowed only after completing the first academic year. You must apply to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services for an employment authorization card for OPT purposes.OPT forms.Pre-completion OPTPost-completion OPTRegardless of whether you use pre-completion OPT or post-completion OPT, you can only have a total of twelve months of OPT. Please note that you cannot have more than 90 days of unemployment during this initial OPT period.STEM OPT ExtensionsBeyond OPT, the government has allowed individuals who have a degree in STEM fields to seek OPT extensions. This is allowed when an employer has signed up for the E-Verify program. The E-Verify program is required in order for you to apply for an extension to OPT. You can apply for up to 24 months of additional OPT.Cap-Gap ProvisionThis allows individuals who are currently in any period of post-completion OPT to extend their OPT time, regardless of the STEM OPT periods and requirements, under the following conditions:An employer has filed a change of status H-1B petition for the individual while there are still H-1B visa numbers available.The petition is not frivolous.The individual’s OPT is still valid at the time of the filing.Under these conditions, the OPT would be extended until September 30 of that year, unless the petition filed by the employer was not chosen for case processing or unless the petition is denied.Placements: Most US universities have a cell called a Career Services Center, which helps you get jobs and helps you prepare for interviews. The on-campus recruitment is always driven by student interest. Companies offer an internship or co-op.Co-Op Education Program: The Student Co-Op Program is a formally structured program where the intent is to recruit students, while still in school, to fill permanent positions upon graduation.Work permitCanada: You get an additional 90 days to land yourself a job in Canada after you have completed your study program. There is no minimum wage requirement for individuals. However, the lowest salary you need to earn per annum in order to bring a dependent family member into this country is $24,600 dollars.EligibilityLess than eight months: You aren’t eligible for a PGWPMore than eight months but less than two years: Your PGWP will be valid for up to the same length as your study programTwo years or more: a PGWP may be issued for three yearsMore than one program: a PGWP may be valid for up to three years, Post-Graduation Employment Work Permits have a maximum validity of three years with no renewals.USATo work beyond your OPT, you need the highly competitive work visa – referred to as the “H1B visa”.H1B visas are applied for by employers and you cannot personally apply for them.To work long term in USA, you need a H1B visa sponsored by a US based company.H1B visas are issued for specific roles and some fields are friendlier to getting these. Examples include IT, software engineering, finance etc.Indian students should consider whether they can get work visas after graduating in their desired field or not. If H1B visas are not issued easily in your field of study, you may have to come back to India for employment after graduation.Even when you get H1B visa, you can only work for that employer. This means that you cannot work part time at any other place in parallel and you cannot start your own company while working on H1B visa.H1B visas are issued for 3 years after which they can be reissued for another 3 years – thus 6 years in total. By the end of your 6 years, if your employer has filed your green card application, you can keep extending your H1B visa on a yearly basis. However, if your green card has not been filed at the end of 6 years, you need to live outside USA for at least 1 year before you can get H1B for 3 years again.H1B visas are extremely competitive and subject to strict quotas. If the government receives more H1B applications than the quota, then they are picked by lottery and your getting the visa depends on your luck.One more interesting thing about these visas – F1 visas are granted on your intention of coming back to your home country after studying and thus proving that you have no intention of working in USA. Thus, in your F1 visa interviews, you should be prepared to show that you want to come back to India after studying.Apply for Permanent ResidencyEligibility conditions for CANADAYou have a work experience of at least 12 months in CanadaHave lived here for two years in total (including your study period) – very importantHave proficiency in English or FrenchThere is also another common way students apply for and get selected for their permanent stay in Canada and that is the Dual Intent Permanent Residence Program.Dual Intent Permanent Residence ProgramYou can also apply for this program stating two intents – one for temporary residence (for your studies) and one for permanent residence.Assessing dual intentAs a student, you are eligible to apply for a dual intent visa if you have an admit for university education in Canada and you plan to settle here as well, later.The length of time you will be spending in Canada;The means of support;Obligations and ties in the home country; andCompliance with requirements applicable to temporary residents (visitors, students and workers).Temporary residence status might be refused for several reasons, including:History of having contravened the conditions of admission on a previous stay in Canada;Lack of or insufficient proof of adequate funds to support oneself while in Canada, and to affect one’s departure from Canada;Medical issues;Not satisfying the visa officer that you will leave Canada at the end of their period of authorized stay, in case the permanent residence is not grantedRefusal to being granted dual intent stem from having a single bona fide intent (i.e., to become a permanent resident) and misrepresenting the second intent (i.e., to become a temporary resident) in order to achieve the first intent.For example: an applicant for a work or study permit who indicates that they he or she has no intention of leaving Canada has demonstrated only a single intent – permanent residence. This is because the applicant has shown that they do not respect the terms and conditions of temporary residence, should they not qualify for a Permanent Resident stream.UNITED STATES of AMERICAHaving a Green Card (officially known as a Permanent Resident Card), allows you to live and work permanently in the United States.Listed criteria:As a first preference immigrant worker, meaning youHave extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business or athletics, orAre an outstanding professor or researcher, orAre a multinational manager or executive who meets certain criteriaAs a second preference immigrant worker, meaning youAre a member of a profession that requires an advanced degree, orHave exceptional ability in the sciences, arts, or businessAs a third preference immigrant worker, meaning you areA skilled worker (meaning your job requires a minimum of 2 years training or work experience), orA professional (meaning your job requires at least a U.S. bachelor's degree or a foreign equivalent and you are a member of the profession), orAs a physician (for medical students) who agrees to work full-time in clinical practice in a designated under served area for a set period of time and also meets other eligibility requirement.You will receive a conditional green card first. Then, in two years from the date of the conditional green card, you must apply to remove the condition to receive a 10-years green card. Then, every 10 years the green card must be renewed.Note that there are country-specific annual limitations on green card issuances. Given the high volume of Indians who apply for them, the current estimated wait time for green cards through the H1B route is around 12 years.However, in five years from the issuance date of the conditional green card, you can apply to become a U.S. Citizen. All rights and privileges of a 10-year green card are exactly the same as the conditional green card.The Final Step is to get CitizenshipsIn CANADA, after securing a permanent residence, you can apply for a citizenship in Canada if you’ve lived there for at least the last 3 years, have knowledge of English or French, and are of good character, i.e, no criminal records etc.In USA, you can apply for US citizenship after staying on the green card for a minimum of five years. United States recognizes dual citizenship. That is, you can avail the citizenship of the US without losing the citizenship of your home country.Now, to file for a U.S. citizenship, you must:Have a Permanent Resident (Green) Card for at least five years.Meet certain eligibility requirements including beingAt least 18 years old at the time of filingAble to read, write, and speak basic EnglishA person of good moral characterGo through the naturalization process which includes preparing and submitting form N-400, the application for naturalization, taking the U.S. Naturalization Test comprising of basic questions related to the US and having a personal interview.Hope it was helpful.Contact GyanDhan for any assistance or Request for a Callback.Warm Wishes