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A Comprehensive List Of Startup Schemes Introduced By The Indian Government In The Last Few YearsThe Indian government has introduced over 50+ startup schemes in past few years. Each startup scheme is missioned towards boosting the Indian startup ecosystem.Consider this. Close to 4,400 technology startups exist in India and the number is expected to reach over 12,000 by 2020. India is also at third place behind US and Britain in terms of the number of startups. Furthermore, in line with its global counterparts, India has its own billion dollar club to boast about. This includes startups like Flipkart, Snapdeal, Ola, InMobi, Hike, MuSigma, Paytm, Zomato, and Quikr. With the next $100 Mn funding raise, fintech startup MobiKwik too looks to join the unicorn club.Entrepreneurship is no longer being condemned as jugaad.Nirmala Sitharaman, MoS, Commerce and Industry made this statement during the launch of the Startup India Action Plan on January 16, 2016, by PM Narendra Modi. In the past 18 months, the Indian Government has come up with a wide array of startup schemes and startup funds to encourage launch and growth of startups in the country. However, of the many initiatives, only a few such as Fund of Funds, Tax exemption, gain hype across the startup community.These startup schemes have been introduced over a period of time and many of these were introduced before the launch of Startup India plan. But most of the startups are either not aware of these different schemes or do not have a clear idea on how to avail them.Keeping this in mind, we at Inc42 have tried to curate an exhaustive list with the details of these 50+ startup schemes floated by the Indian government to date to support the Indian startups, SMEs, MSMEs, Businesses, Research Institutes, Incubators, Accelerators, etc. Indian. Sectors that these government schemes for startups operate under range from tech-specific verticals to agritech, greentech, science and academic innovation and more.The information has been collected majorly from available public sources and the newly launched Startup India Hub website.The Startup Schemes By Indian GovernmentHere is a list of startup schemes launched by the Indian government and run under different ministries and are further headed by different departments.Ministry Of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)Image Credit – FirstpostStartup Scheme 1: Support for International Patent Protection in Electronics & Information Technology (SIP-EIT)Launched In: N/AHeaded by: Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY)Industry Applicable: IT Services, analytics, enterprise software, technology hardware, Internet of Things, AI.Eligible For: MSMEs and technology startups in the ICTE sector.Overview: The scheme, launched by the Indian government, aims to provide financial support to MSMEs and technology startup units for international patent filing to encourage innovation and recognise the value and capabilities of global IP along with capturing growth opportunities in the ICTE sector.Fiscal Incentives: Reimbursement will be limited to a total of INR 15 Lakhs per invention or 50% of the total expenses incurred in filing and processing of the patent application upto grant, whichever is lesser.Time Period: The scheme is valid upto 30.11.2019.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 2: Multiplier Grants Scheme (MGS)Launched In: May 2013Headed By: Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY)Industry Applicable: IT Services, analytics, enterprise software, technology hardware, Internet of Things, AI.Eligible For: Startups, incubator/academia/accelerators. Should have projects in electronics & information technology.Overview: The MGS aims to encourage collaborative R&D between industry and academics/R&D institutions for development of products and packages.Fiscal Incentives: The Government grants for individual industry would be limited to a maximum of INR 2 Cr per project and the duration of each project should, preferably, be less than two years. For industry consortiums, these figures would be INR 4 Cr and three years.Time Period: 2-3 yearsTo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 3: Software Technology Park (STP) SchemeLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Software Technology Parks of India (STPI)Industry Applicable: IT services, fintech, enterprise software, analytics, AI.Eligible For: Software companiesOverview: The STPI has been set up with the objective of encouraging, promoting, and boosting software exports from India. The STP Scheme, by the Indian government, provides statutory services, data communications servers, incubation facilities, training and value-added services. The scheme allows software companies to set up operations in convenient and inexpensive locations and plan their investment and growth, driven by business needs.Fiscal Incentives: Sales in the DTA up to 50% of the FOB value of exports is permissible and depreciation on computers at accelerated rates up to 100% over 5 years is permissible.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 4: Electronic Development Fund (EDF) PolicyLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY)Industry Applicable: IT Services, analytics, enterprise software, technology hardware, Internet of Things, AI, nanotechnology.Eligible For: Startups pursuing innovation in technology sectors like electronics, IT, and nanoelectronics.Overview: The agenda was envisaged to develop the Electronics System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM) sector to achieve “Net Zero Imports” by 2020. The EDF will help attract venture funds, angel funds and seed funds towards R&D and innovation in the specified areas. It will help create a cell of Daughter funds and Fund Managers who will be seeking good startups (potential winners) and selecting them based on professional considerations.Fiscal Incentives: The Electronic Development Fund (EDF) is set up as a “Fund of Funds” to participate in professionally-managed “Daughter Funds” which, in turn, will provide risk capital to companies developing new technologies. CANBANK Venture Capital Funds Ltd. (CVCFL) is the Fund Manager for EDF.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 5: Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme (M-SIPS)Launched In: July 2012Headed By: Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY)Industry Applicable: Technology hardware, Internet of Things, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, automotive, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology and nanotechnology.Eligible For: Startups in electronic manufacturingOverview: The scheme aims to support IPR awareness workshops/seminars for sensitising and disseminating awareness about Intellectual Property Rights among various stakeholders especially in the E&IT sector.Fiscal Incentives: This startup scheme by Indian government provides a capital subsidy of 20% in SEZ (25% in non-SEZ) for units engaged in electronics manufacturing. It also provides for reimbursements of CVD/ excise for capital equipment for the non-SEZ units. For some of the high capital investment projects like the scheme provides for Central Taxes and Duties reimbursement of Central Taxes and Duties.Time Period: N/ATo apply online, one can click here.Startup Scheme 6: Scheme to Support IPR Awareness Seminars/Workshops in E&IT SectorLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY)Industry Applicable: IT services, analytics, enterprise software, technology hardware, Internet of Things, AI.Eligibility: This startup scheme by the Indian government is eligible for educational institutes and industry bodies like MAIT, ELCINA, CII, NASSCOM, FICCI, IESA, ASSOCHAM, etc., DeitY Society(ies) or DeitY Autonomous Body(ies). It is mandatory that the organisation should be registered with the Central Plan Scheme Monitoring System (CPSMS) portal, in order to apply for support for IP Awareness Workshop(s)/Seminar(s).Overview: The scheme provides IP (Intellectual Property) awareness workshops and seminars and funding grants.Fiscal Incentives: The organisations are provided with a grant of INR 2 Lakhs to INR 5 Lakhs. This includes educational institutes – INR 2 Lakhs, industry bodies – INR 3 Lakhs and DeitY Society(ies) or DeitY Autonomous Body(ies) – INR 5 Lakhs.Time Period: The scheme is valid upto 30.11.2019.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Ministry Of Agriculture And Farmers WelfareImage Credit – DigitalLearningStartup Scheme 7: NewGen Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Centre (NewGen IEDC)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: NewGen Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Centre (NewGen IEDC)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & lifesciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & Beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: The parent institution should have requisite expertise and infrastructure. This includes a minimum dedicated space of about 5,000 square feet to establish a NewGen IEDC, library, qualified faculty, workshops, etc.Overview: The NewGen IEDC is being promoted in educational institutions to develop an institutional mechanism to create an entrepreneurial culture in S&T academic institutions and to foster techno-entrepreneurship for generation of wealth and employment by S&T persons. As of now, there are total 40+ EDCs and 35 IEDCs in different states.Fiscal Incentives: The NSTEDB startup scheme by Indian government will provide a limited, one-time, non-recurring financial assistance, up to a maximum of INR 25 Lakhs. Also, non-recurring grants would be provided for supporting working capital cost.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 8: The Venture Capital Assistance SchemeLaunched In: 2012Headed By: Small Farmers’ Agri-Business Consortium (SFAC)Industry Applicable: AgricultureEligibility: Assistance under this scheme by Indian government will be available to individuals, farmers, producer groups, partnership/proprietary firms, self-help groups, companies, agri-preneurs, units in agri-export zones, and agriculture graduates individually or in groups for setting up agri-business projects. For professional management and accountability, the groups have to preferably form into companies or producer companies under the relevant Act.Overview: Venture Capital Assistance is financial support in the form of an interest-free loan provided by the SFAC to qualifying projects to meet the shortfall in capital requirements for implementation of the project.The Scheme was implemented during 2012-17 in the XII Plan. SFAC has formed tie-ups with 41 banks to provide financial support.Fiscal Incentives: The quantum of SFAC Venture Capital Assistance will depend on the project cost and will be the lowest of the following:> 26% of the promoter’s equity.> INR 50 Lakhsfor projects located in North-Eastern Region, Hilly States (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir) and in all cases in any part of the country where the project is promoted by a registered Farmer Producers Organisation, the quantum of venture capital will be the lowest of the following:> 40% of the promoter’s equity.> INR 50 LakhsTime Period: This startup scheme is valid for the period between 2012-2017.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Ministry Of Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises (MSME)Startup Scheme 9: Credit GuaranteeLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)Industry: Sector-AgnosticEligibility: The scheme is applicable for new and existing Micro and Small Enterprises engaged in manufacturing or service activity excluding retail trade, educational institutions, agriculture, self-help groups (SHGs), training institutions, etc.Overview: The scheme was launched by the Indian government to strengthen the credit delivery system and facilitate the flow of credit to the MSE sector. Lending institutions majorly included public, private, foreign banks along with regional rural banks, and SBI and its associate banks.Fiscal Incentives: Both term loans and/or working capital facility up to INR 100 Lakhs per borrowing unit are being provided. The guarantee cover provided is up to 75% of the credit facility up to INR 50 Lakhs (85% for loans up to INR 5 Lakhs provided to micro enterprises, 80% for MSEs owned/operated by women and all loans to NER including Sikkim) with a uniform guarantee at 50% for the entire amount if the credit exposure is above INR 50 Lakhs and up to INR 100 Lakhs.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 10: Performance & Credit Rating SchemeLaunched In: August 2016Headed By: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: MSMEs registered in India are eligible to apply under this scheme. In May 2017, the guidelines were revised which stated that a unit with a turnover of INR 1 Cr or above will be eligible under the scheme. Now the case of rating needs to be recommended by a bank or NBFC.Overview: The scheme aims to create awareness about the strengths and weaknesses of small-scale industries. It was formulated by the Ministry of MSME under the Indian government in consultation with various stakeholders i.e. Small Industries Associations & Indian Banks’ Association and various rating agencies viz. CRISIL, ICRA, Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) and ONICRA.Fiscal Incentives: The incentives are proportional to the turnover of the MSMEs. For instance, up to INR 50 Lakhs, 75% of the rating fee or INR 25,000 (whichever is less) will be contributed under the scheme. For turnover above INR 50 Lakhs to INR 200 Lakhs, 75% of the fee or INR 30,000 (whichever is less) while for turnover more than INR 200 Lakhs, 75% of the fee or INR 40,000 (whichever is less).Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 11: Raw Material AssistanceLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: MSMEs registered in India are eligible to apply under this scheme.Overview: This startup scheme aims at helping MSMEs by way of financing the purchase of raw material (both indigenous & imported), thereby giving an opportunity to MSMEs to focus on manufacturing quality products.Fiscal Incentives: Under this scheme by the Indian government, MSMEs will be helped to avail economics of purchases like bulk purchase, cash discount, etc. Also, all the procedures, documentation and issue of letter of credit in case of imports will be taken care of. Security will be in the form of Bank Guarantee from Approved/Nationalised Banks.Time Period: MSMEs will get financial assistance for procurement of raw material up to 90 days. In case outstanding dues are cleared within 270 days, micro enterprises will bear 9.5%- 10.5% interest while small and medium enterprises will have to pay 10% to 11% interest.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 12: Revamped Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)Launched In: 2005Headed By: Khadi and Village Industries CommissionIndustry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: Non-Government organisations (NGOs), institutions of the Central and State Governments and semi-Government institutions, field functionaries of State and Central Govt., Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs), private sector by forming cluster specific SPVs, corporates and corporate social responsibility (CSR) foundations with expertise to undertake cluster development are eligible to apply under this scheme.Overview: The objectives of this scheme launched by the Indian government is to organise traditional industries and artisans into clusters to make them competitive and provide support for their long-term sustainability. At the same time, it also aims to enhance the marketability of products of such clusters, build up innovative and traditional skills, and more to gradually replicate similar models of cluster-based regenerated traditional industries.Fiscal Incentives: The financial assistance provided for any specific project shall be subject to a maximum of INR 8 Cr to support soft, hard and thematic interventions. Following is the budget limit per cluster:> Heritage Clusters (1,000-2,500 artisans) – INR 8 Cr/ cluster> Major Clusters (500-1,000 artisans) – INR 3 Cr / cluster> Mini-Clusters (Up to 500 artisans) – INR 1.5 crore/ clusterFor NER/J & K and the Hill States, there will be 50% reduction in the number of artisans per cluster.Time Period: The timeframe for the implementation of the project will be three years.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 13: Single Point Registration Scheme (SPRS)Launched In: 2003Headed By: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: All micro and small enterprises registered with the Director of Industries (DI)/District Industries Centre (DIC) as manufacturing/service enterprises or having an acknowledgement of Entrepreneurs Memorandum (EM Part-II) are eligible for registration under this scheme by the Indian government. Those who have already commenced their commercial production but not completed one year of existence, a Provisional Registration Certificate can be issued to them under SPRS scheme with a monitory limit of INR 5 Lakhs, valid for the period of one year from the date of issue.Overview: With a view to increasing the share of purchases from the small-scale sector, the Government Stores Purchase Programme was launched in 1955-56. NSIC registers micro & small enterprises (MSEs) under the Single Point Registration Scheme (SPRS) for participation in government purchases.Fiscal Incentives: The eligible micro and small enterprises will get an exemption from payment of Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) and will be issued tender sets free of cost. In tender participating, MSEs quoting price within the price band of L1+15 per cent shall also be allowed to supply a portion up to 20% of the requirement by bringing down their price to L1 Price where L1 is non-MSEs.Time Period: The SPRS Certificate granted to the micro & small enterprise is valid for two years. It will be reviewed and renewed after every two years by verifying continuous commercial and technical competence of the registered micro & small enterprise in manufacturing / producing the stores for which it has been registered by NSIC.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 14: Aspire – Scheme for promotion of innovation, entrepreneurship, and agro-industryLaunched In: March 2015Headed By: Steering Committee, Ministry of MSMEIndustry Applicable: Agriculture, pets & animals, social impact, healthcare & life sciencesEligibility: All MSMEs with an Entrepreneurs Memorandum (EM) registration.Overview: Aspire has been launched by the Indian government with an objective to set up a network of technology centres, incubation centres to accelerate entrepreneurship and also to promote startups for innovation and entrepreneurship in rural and agriculture-based industry. It also includes the setting up of Technology Business Incubators (TBIs). As per the June 2017 status report of Startup India Action Plan, 15 TBIs are being set up. 11 TBIs have been approved and four others are in advanced stages. Six Technical Business Incubators are in advanced stages of approval by DST. INR 34.92 Cr has been sanctioned and INR 15.3 Cr has been already disbursed to nine TBIs.Fiscal Incentives: >One-time grant of 50% of the cost of Plant & Machinery excluding the land and infrastructure or an amount up to INR 30 Lakhs, whichever is less to be provided for supporting 20 existing incubation centres.> One-time grant of 50% of the cost of Plant & Machinery excluding the land and infrastructure or an amount up to INR 100 Lakhs, whichever is less to be provided for setting up of new incubation centres.> Support would be provided for incubation of ideas at the inception stage, each idea would be provided financial support @INR 3 Lakhs per idea to be paid up front to the incubator to nurture the idea, with a target to support 450 ideas.>A one-time grant of INR 1 Cr will be provided to the eligible incubator as Seed Capital. The Incubator will invest as Debt/ Equity funding upto 50% of total project cost or INR 20 Lakhs per startup, whichever is less. 150 such innovative and successful ideas to be supported.> INR 200 Lakhs for Accelerators to hold 10 workshops for incubates [out of the existing centres supported and new centres set up] to assist for creating successful business enterprises. Plans to conduct 10 such workshops.Time Period: Period of incubation to be 12 months to 24 months.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 15: Infrastructure Development SchemeLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: space shall be allotted to IT/ITES/MSME units not registered with STPI (Software Technology Parks Of India Scheme). It will be allotted to only those units that are falling under the overall definition of MSME as per the guidelines of Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Units other than MSMEs such as Banks/PSUs/financial institutions, corporate sectors etc. would also be considered for allotment on a case-to-case by merit.Overview: This scheme by the Indian government aims to solve the office space issues of MSMEs. The Corporation has commercial buildings at New Delhi, Chennai, and Hyderabad. Apart from other schemes, the Corporation provides office space on a lease rental basis to prospective units.Fiscal Incentives: The sizes of available office space range from 467 sq.ft. to 8,657 sq.ft. The unit has to deposit interest-free Security deposit equivalent to six months rent refundable at the time of vacation of premises. The rentals are reviewed every year.Time Period: The notice period is for 90 days. There is no lock-in period.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 16: MSME Market Development AssistanceLaunched In: 2002Headed By: Office of the Development Commissioner (MSME)Related Article: Govt Launches Defence India Startup Challenge To Close Ranks With Indian Startups, Disrupt SectorIndustry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: Unit having valid permanent registration with the Directorate of Industries/District Industries Centre are eligible under this scheme. The selection of small/micro manufacturing units would be done by MSME-DIs as per displayed product profile, the theme of the fair and space availability. Furthermore, Micro & Small manufacturing enterprise can avail this facility only once a year and only one person of the participating unit would be eligible for the subsidy on airfare.Overview: The scheme offers a funding to interested individuals aimed at increasing participation of representatives of small/micro manufacturing enterprises under the MSME India stall at international trade fairs/exhibitions. This scheme by the Indian government also encourages small & micro exporters in their efforts at tapping and developing overseas markets and enhance export from the small/micro manufacturing enterprises.Fiscal Incentives: 75% of air fare by economy class and 50% space rental charges for micro & small manufacturing enterprises of General category entrepreneurs will get reimbursed under this scheme. For women/SC/ST entrepreneurs & entrepreneurs from North Eastern Region, 100% space, rent, and economy class airfare will be reimbursed. The total subsidy on air fare & space rental charges will be restricted to INR 1.25 Lakhs per unit.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 17: National Awards (Individual MSEs)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Office of the Development Commissioner (MSME)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: The MSMEs should have been in continuous manufacturing/services for the last four years and should have Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum (UAM). MSMEs would also have to mandatorily register in MSME Databank web portal before submitting their application.Overview: With a view to recognising the efforts and contribution of MSMEs, the Ministry of MSME gives National Awards annually to selected entrepreneurs and enterprises under the scheme of National Awards.Fiscal Incentives: The Selected National awardee is facilitated with a cash prize of INR 1 Lakh, INR 75K, INR 50K in order of ranking. Cash prizes of INR 1 Lakh are provided under Special National Award category to women, SC/ST and North Eastern Region (NER) entrepreneur.Time Period: The awards are given every year.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 18: Coir Udyami YojanaLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Coir BoardIndustry Applicable: AgricultureEligibility: All coir processing MSME units registered with the Coir Board under Coir Industry (Registration) Rules, 2008 are eligible under this scheme by the Indian government. There will be no income ceiling for assistance for setting up of a project under the Coir Udyami Yojana. Assistance under the Scheme will be made available to individuals, companies, self-help groups, non-governmental organisations, institutions registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860, production co-operative societies, joint liability groups, and charitable trusts. However, the units that have already availed a Govt. subsidy under any other Scheme of Govt. of India or State Govt. for the same purpose are not eligible to claim a subsidy.Overview: The scheme aims to support the setting up of coir units with a project cost upto INR 10 Lakhs plus one cycle of working capital, which shall not exceed 25% of the project cost. The banks shall consider a composite loan instead of a term loan to cater to the working capital requirements. This should be exclusive of INR 10 Lakhs limit proposed. However, the subsidy will be computed excluding working capital component.Fiscal Incentives: Banks will finance capital expenditure in the form of a term loan and working capital in the form of cash credit. Projects can also be financed by the bank in the form of composite loans consisting of cap ex and working capital. The amount of credit will be 55% of the total project cost after deducting 40% margin money (subsidy) and owner’s contribution of 5% from beneficiaries.Time Period: Rate of interest chargeable for the loans shall be at par with the base rate. Repayment schedule may not exceed seven years after an initial moratorium, as may be prescribed by the concerned bank/financial institution.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 19: International Cooperation (IC) SchemeLaunched In: 1996Headed By: Office of the Development Commissioner (MSME)Industry Applicable: Travel & tourism, human resources, events, advertisingEligibility: State/Central Government Organisations, Industry/Enterprise Associations, and Registered Societies/Trusts and Organisations associated with the MSME are eligible to apply under this scheme. The organisation should be registered with the primary objective of promotion and development of MSMEs. It should be engaged in such activities for at least three years and should have regular audited accounts for the past three years. Events, for which financial support under the Scheme is sought, must have significant international participation.Overview: Under this scheme by the Indian government, financial assistance for travel and marketing expenditures relating to the development of the MSME sector in India is supported by the department. The objective is to make MSMEs internationally competitive by technology infusion/upgradations, modernisation of MSMEs, and promotion of exports of MSMEs.Fiscal Incentives: The incentives vary as per the category of organisation. For instance, MSME gets 100% of the economy class airfare subject to a maximum of INR 1.5 Lakhs or actual fare paid, whichever is lower. On the other hand, off bearer of the applicant organisation also gets an additional duty allowance of INR 150 per day along with the airfare subjected to limitations above. MSMEs also get 100% of the space rent subject to a maximum of INR 1 Lakh or actual rent paid, whichever is lower. Common expenses such as freight & insurance, local transport, secretarial/ communication services, printing of common catalogues may be funded as well.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 20: Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology UpgradationLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Office of the Development Commissioner (MSME)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: Existing SSI Units registered with the State Directorate of Industries that have upgraded their existing plant and machinery with state-of-the-art technology, with or without expansion are eligible under this scheme. Also, new SSI Units which are registered with the State Directorate of Industries which have their facilities only with the appropriate eligible and proven technology duly approved by the GTAB/TSC will be eligible.Overview: This startup scheme by the Indian government – aims at facilitating technology upgradations by providing upfront capital subsidy to small scale industry (SSI) units, including khadi, village, and coir industrial units, on institutional finance (credit) availed by them for modernisation of their production equipment (plant and machinery) and techniques.Fiscal Incentives: The Ceiling on loans under the scheme has been raised from INR 40 Lakhs to INR 1 Cr while the rate of subsidy has been enhanced from 12% to 15%. Here, the admissible capital subsidy is calculated with reference to purchase price of plant and machinery, instead of term loan disbursed to the beneficiary unit.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 21: Bank Credit Facilitation SchemeLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: MSMEs registered in IndiaOverview: The scheme aims to meet the credit requirements of MSME units. NSIC has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with various nationalised and private sector banks. Through syndication with these banks, NSIC arranges for credit support (fund- or non-fund-based limits) from banks without any cost to the MSMEs.Fiscal Incentives: N/A.Time Period: The repayment period varies depending upon the income generated from the unit and generally varies from five-seven years. However, in exceptional cases, it can go up to to 11 years.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.NITI AayogStartup Scheme 22: Atal Incubation Centres (AIC)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: AICs can be established in public/private/public-private partnership mode. These can be established in: Academia – includes higher educational institutes and R&D institutions. Non-academic – includes companies/ corporates/ technology parks / industrial parks/ any individual/ group of individuals.Overview: AICs are set up under the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM). AICs aim to support and encourage startups to become successful enterprises. They will provide necessary and adequate infrastructure along with high-quality assistance or services to startups in their early stages of growth. As per June 16, 2017, Startup India Action Plan status report, NITI Aayog has approved 10 institutes to establish new incubators with a grant of INR 10 Cr each.Fiscal Incentives: AIM will provide a grant-in-aid of INR 10 Cr to each AIC for a maximum of five years to cover the capital and operational expenditure cost in running the centre. The applicant would have to provide a built-up space of at least 10,000 sq. ft to qualify for the financial support.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 23: Atal Tinkering Laboratories (ATL)Launched In: July 2016Headed By: Atal Innovation MissionIndustry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & Beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: Schools (Grade VI – XII) managed by the Government, local body or private trusts/society can apply to set up an ATL.Overview: The objective of this startup scheme by the Indian government is to foster curiosity, creativity, and imagination in young minds; and inculcate skills such as design mindset, computational thinking, adaptive learning, physical computing etc. As per the Startup India Action Plan, 500 Tinkering Labs are to be established. NITI Aayog has selected 457 schools for establishing Tinkering Labs. Of the selected, 350 Tinkering Labs have received a Grant-in-Aid of INR 12 Lakhs each. Earlier this month, NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant stated that this year, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) scheme will look to select 1,000 schools. They will receive a grant of about $31K (INR 20 Lakhs) each. The money will be utilised to set up tinkering labs to foster innovation.Fiscal Incentives: AIM will provide grant-in-aid that includes a one-time establishment cost of INR 10 Lakhs and operational expenses of INR 10 Lakhs for a maximum period of five years to each ATL.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 24: Scale-up Support to Establishing Incubation CentresLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: NITI AayogIndustry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & Beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: To avail benefits of this startup scheme by the Indian government, the startup should be a legal entity registered in India as a public, private, or public-private partnership and must be in operation for a minimum of three years.Overview: This startup scheme envisages to augment the capacity of the Established Incubation Centres in the country. It will provide financial scale-up support to enable Established Incubation Centres. The scheme would radically transform the startup ecosystem in the country by upgrading the Established Incubation Centres to world-class standards.Fiscal Incentives: Grant-in-aid support of INR 10 Cr will be provided in two annual instalments of INR 5 Cr each.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Ministry of Skill Development and EntrepreneurshipStartup Scheme 25: Udaan Training Programme For Unemployed Youth Of J&KLaunched In: 2012Headed By: National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)Industry Applicable: Education, human resourcesEligibility: Graduates, post-graduates, and professional degree holders in J&K.Overview: Udaan is a Special Industry Initiative for Jammu & Kashmir. This scheme by the Indian government provides employment-oriented training to the youth from the state for over five years, covering various sectors like business management, software, and BPO. The Scheme aims to cover 40,000 youth of J&K over a period of five years. As on July 2015, 10, 555 youths had joined the scheme with 585 selection drives conducted. Also, as per a May 2017 Business Standard report, INR 246 Cr have already been spent on the programme, but only 10% candidates were hired. Also, of the 9,780 Kashmiri youths who received jobs under Udaan, it is unclear how many are still employed. The NSDC eventually lost track of the beneficiaries.Fiscal Incentives: INR 750 Cr has been earmarked for the implementation of the scheme over a period of five years to cover other incidental expenses such as travel cost, boarding and lodging, stipend, travel and medical insurance cost for the trainees and administration cost. Furthermore, corporates are eligible for partial reimbursement of training expenses incurred for Udaan candidates who have been offered jobs.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public EnterprisesAnant Geete-Minister-MoHI&PEImage Credit – ElecramaStartup Scheme 26: Enhancement of Competitiveness in the Indian Capital Goods SectorLaunched In: November 2015Headed By: Department of Heavy Industries (DHI)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, automotive, construction, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & beverages, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: Indian capital goods sector unit or their consortium.Overview: The scheme objective is to boost the Indian economy by making Indian Capital Goods Sector globally competitive. The Technology Acquisition Fund Programme (TAFP) under the scheme provides financial assistance to existing capital goods industrial units for acquiring/ transferring and assimilating advanced technologies and also the development of technologies through contract route, in-house route or through the joint route of contract in order to achieve global standards and competitiveness.Fiscal Incentives: Selected startups will get a one-time grant up to 25% of the cost of the technology acquisition of each technology. Maximum amount given shall not exceed INR 10 Cr.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)Upendra Tripathi-Minister-MNREStartup Scheme 27: National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) RefinanceLaunched In: March 2014Headed By: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)Industry Applicable: Renewable energy, clean energy, green energy plants.Eligibility: To avail this particular scheme by the Indian government, plants should have a minimum two-year operational history, after commissioning of the project and the 2 year’s average PLF (in case if the plant has operated for more than 2 years, then the average PLF of any 2 years) should be at least 20% in case of biomass power and 15% in case of Small Hydro Power (SHP) projects. The project should also have a minimum of average DSCR of 1.1, after taking into account IREDA refinance amount and should be able to service the loan. The project should be revived/operationalised within six months from the date of disbursement.Overview: The scheme aims to revive the operations of the existing biomass power and small hydro power projects by bringing down the cost of funding these projects. This is done by providing refinance at concessional rates of interest, with funds sourced from the National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF).Fiscal Incentives: In terms of the scheme, IREDA would provide funds received from NCEF by way of refinance to scheduled commercial banks and financial institutions (including IREDA). Refinance should not exceed 30% of the loan outstanding, @ 2% interest rate from IREDA to Scheduled commercial banks / FIs (including IREDA) and the same shall be extended by the Banks/FIs to the project developers at the same rate of 2%, subject to, maximum refinance amount INR 15 Cr per project.Time Period: The scheme will be in operation for a period of five years commencing from the financial year 2013-14.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 28: IREDA Scheme For Discounting Energy BillsLaunched In: April 2016Headed By: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)Industry Applicable: Renewable energy, clean energy, green energyEligibility: The applicant should be an existing borrower of IREDA (Sole/co-financing/consortium financing). The borrowers should not be declared as NPAs by any of the lenders. The discounted amount will be utilised only for clearance of dues of term lenders of the project and also working capital lenders overdue, if any on a pro-rata basis, in terms of financing documents.Overview: This scheme by the Indian government proposes to provide bill discounting facility for the energy bills of Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) borrowers which are pending for payment with Utilities for upto six months.Fiscal Incentives: Upto 75% of the invoice value pending for maximum six months from the date of the application subject to a maximum bill discounting facility of INR 20 Cr. The minimum amount of transaction covering a set of bills shall not be less than INR 1 Cr.Time Period: Terminal date of repayment will be 12 months from disbursement date.To get more information about this startup scheme, one can clickhere.Startup Scheme 29: Bridge Loan Against MNRE Capital SubsidyLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Bridge Loan Against MNRE Capital SubsidyIndustry Applicable: Renewable energy, clean energy, green energyEligibility: MNRE accredited channel partners, State Nodal Agencies (SNA) and other stakeholders, as approved by MNRE, who have already submitted valid claims of capital subsidy at IREDA, which is pending for the release of payment on account of non-availability of funds, will be eligible under the scheme.Overview: The aim is to provide term loans for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.Fiscal Incentives: The selected startup or government business projects will get up to 80% of the existing pending eligible capital subsidy claim, as verified by the IREDA with a minimum loan assistance of INR 20 Lakhs. The loan amount to be recovered out of capital subsidy received/to be received from MNRE. The shortfall, if any, will be recovered from the borrower, which will be payable on demand.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 30: Bridge Loan Against Generation-Based Incentive (GBI) ClaimsLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)Industry Applicable: Renewable energy, clean energy, green energyEligibility: Renewable energy developers who have already submitted a valid GBI claim under GBI Scheme with the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA), which is processed and pending for the release of payment on account of non-availability of funds, will be eligible under this scheme.Overview: GBI loans were announced for grid interactive wind and solar power projects. The main aim is to broaden investor base, facilitate the entry of large independent power producers and to provide a level playing field to various classes of investors.Fiscal Incentives: A minimum loan assistance of INR 20 Lakhs is provided under this scheme. Loan amount to be recovered out of GBI proceeds received/to be received from MNRE. A shortfall, if any, will be recovered from the borrower, which will be payable on demand.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 31: Loan for Rooftop Solar PV Power ProjectsLaunched In: July 2015Headed By: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)Industry Applicable: Renewable energy, clean energy, green energyEligibility: This scheme by the Indian government is available for all grid-connected/interactive solar PV projects located on rooftops. Applications can be submitted under Aggregator Category and Direct Category. For the aggregator category minimum project capacity to be submitted shall be at least 1,000 kWp and a minimum capacity of subprojects under this mode shall not be less than 20 kWp. For the direct category, applicants shall include projects from single roof owners only. Minimum project capacity to be submitted shall be at least 1,000 kWp. Private sector companies/firms, central public sector undertaking (CPSU), state utilities/ discoms/ transcos/ gencos/ corporations and joint sector companies can apply for the loan.Overview: This startup scheme aims to support all grid connected/interactive solar PV projects located on rooftops.Fiscal Incentives: The quantum of a loan from the IREDA shall be 70% of the project cost with minimum promoter’s contribution of 30%. However, the IREDA may extend the loan upto 75% of the project cost based on the credit-worthiness of the promoter, track record, project parameters, etc. The maximum repayment period for the loan shall be up to nine years, with a moratorium period of 12 months from the date of COD of the project. The maximum construction period shall be 12 months from the first disbursement.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 32: Credit Enhancement Guarantee SchemeLaunched In: October 2016Headed By: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)Industry Applicable: Renewable energy, clean energy, green energyEligibility: Commercially viable, grid-connected renewable energy projects (solar/wind) with a minimum average DSCR of 1.2 can apply under the scheme. Also, the minimum issue size of the proposed bonds should not be less than INR 100 Cr.Overview: This scheme by the Indian government acts as a non-fund partial credit guarantee instrument for project developers/ promoters to raise bonds against commissioned and operationally viable renewable energy projects.Fiscal Incentives: The IREDA will provide credit enhancement by way of unconditional and irrevocable partial credit guarantee to enhance the credit rating of the proposed bonds. The IREDA can extend guarantee upto 25% of the proposed issue size of the bonds and, in any case, it should not be more than 20% of total capitalised project cost. The guarantee fee to be charged by the IREDA shall be in the range of 1.8%-2.9% p.a. of its exposure.Time Period: The guarantee period will be linked with the period for which bonds are issued, the maximum tenure of the project bonds may be upto 15 years.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Schemes By Public Sector EnterprisesStartup Scheme 33: Dairy Entrepreneurship Development SchemeLaunched In: 2014Headed By: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)Industry Applicable: Agriculture, pets & animals, social impact, food & beverages.Eligibility: Farmers, individual entrepreneurs, NGOs, companies and groups from the unorganised and organised sector can apply under this scheme. An individual will be eligible to avail assistance for all the components under the scheme but only once for each component. More than one member of a family can be assisted under the scheme provided they set up separate units with separate infrastructure at different locations. The distance between the boundaries of two such farms should be at least 500 metres.Overview: This startup scheme by the Indian government aims to bring structural changes in the unorganised sector so that initial processing of milk can be taken up at the village level itself and bring about upgradations of traditional technology to handle milk on a commercial scale.Fiscal Incentives: The incentives differ with respect to the cost of the required equipment or establishment of the facilities. In all cases, 25% of the outlay (33.33 % for SC / ST/ farmers) as back-ended capital subsidy subject to the applicable ceiling is provided to the eligible stakeholders.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 34: 4E (End to End Energy Efficiency)Launched In: September 2016Headed By: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: MSME units in the manufacturing or services sector which are in operation for at least three years and have earned cash profit in the last two years of operation are eligible. The startup should not be in default to any bank/FI. The unit should have undergone a process of Detailed Energy Audit (DEA) through a technical agency/consultants having BEE certified Energy Auditors. Furthermore, the Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared by the technical agency/consultant should have been vetted by the EEC, SIDBI. Also, the unit should not have availed a Performance Linked Grant under the WB-GEF Project for the proposed EE Project and should be in compliance with the Environment & Social Management Framework.Overview: The scheme has been launched jointly by India SME Technology Services Ltd. (ISTSL) in association with the World Bank. The main objective is to implement energy efficiency measures on an end-to-end basis. For meeting part costs of (i) capital expenditure including for the purchase of equipment/machinery, installation, civil works, commissioning, etc. (ii) Any other related expenditure required by the unit, provided it is not more than 50% of (i). The scheme by the Indian government, also, it aims to help startups finance second-hand machinery/equipment for use.Fiscal Incentives: Under the 4E scheme, the MSME unit has to pay only INR 30,000 and applicable taxes and the balance fee will be paid by SIDBI to auditors. Up to 90% of the project cost with minimum loan amount of INR 10 Lakhs and maximum loan amount not to exceed INR 150 Lakhs per eligible borrower can be granted under this scheme. Eligible loan amount should not exceed one-fifth of the total turnover of the applicant unit. Also, the repayment period including initial moratorium period of up to six months, shall not be more than 36 months for loans up to INR 100 Lakhs and 60 months for loans beyond INR 100 Lakhs.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 35: Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)Launched In: February 2016Headed By: Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd. (MUDRA)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: Non–Corporate Small Business Segment (NCSB) comprising millions of proprietorship / partnership firms running as small manufacturing units, service sector units, shopkeepers, fruits / vegetable vendors, truck operators, food-service units, repair shops, machine operators, small industries, artisans, food processors and others, in rural and urban areas can apply for the loan. All kinds of manufacturing, trading and service sector activities can get a MUDRA loan.Overview: MUDRA provides refinance support to banks / MFIs for lending to micro units having loan requirement upto INR 10 Lakhs. As per recent media reports, loans extended under the PMMY during 2016-17 have crossed the target of INR 1.8 Lakh Cr. The estimated number of borrowers in this fiscal were more than 4 Cr, of which 70% were women. Furthermore, for the fiscal year 2017-18 the target has been kept at INR 2.44 Lakh Crore for Mudra Loans.Fiscal Incentives: MUDRA offers incentives through these interventions:>Shishu: covering loans upto INR 50,000/-> Kishor: covering loans above INR 50,000/- and upto INR 5 Lakhs> Tarun: covering loans above INR 5 Lakhs and upto INR 10 LakhsGenerally, loans upto INR 10 Lakhs issued by banks under Micro Small Enterprises are given without collateral. Also, within these interventions, MUDRA ensures to meet the requirements of different sectors/business activities as well as business/entrepreneur segments.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 36: Stand Up IndiaLaunched In: April 2016Headed By: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: The enterprise can be in trading, manufacturing, or services. In the case of non-individual enterprises, at least 51% of the shareholding and controlling stake should be held by an SC/ST or woman entrepreneur. The borrower should not be in default to any bank or financial institution.Overview: This scheme by the Indian government facilitates bank loans between INR 10 Lakhs and INR 1 Cr to at least one Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe borrower and at least one women borrower per bank branch for setting up a Greenfield enterprise.Fiscal Incentives: Composite loan between INR 10 Lakhs and INR 1 Cr to cover 75% of the project cost can be taken up, inclusive of the term loan and working capital. The stipulation of the loan being expected to cover 75% of the project cost would not apply if the borrower’s contribution along with convergence support from any other schemes exceeds 25% of the project cost. The rate of interest would be the lowest applicable rate of the bank for that category (rating category) not to exceed (base rate (MCLR) + 3%+ tenor premium).Time Period: The loan is repayable in seven years with a maximum moratorium period of 18 months.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 37: Sustainable Finance SchemeLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)Industry Applicable: Green Energy, Non-renewable Energy, Technology Hardware, Renewable EnergyEligibility: Renewable energy projects such as solar power plants, wind energy generators, mini hydel power projects, biomass gasifier power plants, etc. for captive/ non-captive use (i.e., power generated is sold/supplied to the grid / off-grid). Any kind of potential CP investments including waste management. Suitable assistance to OEMs which manufacture energy efficient / cleaner production / green machinery/equipment. Either the OEM should be an MSME or it should be supplying its products to a substantial number of MSMEs.Overview: The objective of this startup scheme by the Indian government is to assist the entire value chain of energy efficiency (EE) / cleaner production (CP) and sustainable development projects which lead to significant improvements in EE / CP / sustainable development in the MSMEs and which are presently not covered under the existing sustainable financing lines of credits.Fiscal Incentives: Suitable assistance by way of term loan/working capital to ESCOs implementing EE / CP / Renewable Energy project provided either the ESCO should be an MSME or the unit to which it is offering its services is an MSME. The rate of interest will be applicable on basis of credit rating of MSME’s.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 38: SIDBI Make in India Soft Loan Fund for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (SMILE)Launched In: August 2015Headed By: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: New enterprises in the manufacturing, as well as services sector, can apply under this scheme. Existing enterprises undertaking expansion, modernisation, technology upgradations or other projects for growing their business will also be covered.Overview: The aim of this scheme by the Indian government is to provide a soft loan, in the nature of quasi-equity, and term loan on relatively soft terms to MSMEs to meet the required debt-equity ratio for the establishment of an MSME as also for pursuing opportunities for growth for existing MSMEs.Fiscal Incentives: For general category, 10% of the project cost subject to a maximum of INR 20 Lakhs is provided as the loan amount. It increases to 15% for the enterprises promoted by Scheduled Caste (SC) / Scheduled Tribe (ST) / Persons with Disabilities (PwD), and women, subject to a maximum of INR 30 Lakhs. Persons belonging to these categories must own controlling stake (i.e. 51% or higher).Time Period: On expiry of three years from the date of the first disbursement, the outstanding soft loan together with any dues thereon shall be converted into a secured term loan and the entire loan shall carry an applicable rate of interest as per internal rating of the borrower. The repayment period is generally upto seven years inclusive of the moratorium upto 1-1/2 year for the term loan and upto two years for a soft loan.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Image Credits: TopcountStartup Scheme 39: Startup Assistance SchemeLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)Industry Applicable: Sector-AgnosticEligibility: Early-stage units where revenue has commenced after product acceptance by at least one corporate customer with repeat orders, or in the case of retail consumers, a trend of revenue for six months has been observed. Only those early-stage MSMEs which are defined in the MSMED Act, 2006 (Constitution of the units to be Private Limited Companies) will be considered eligible. These companies, should not, in general, be in existence for more than 5 years; or – not received adequate and regular bank credit facilities (except under the Credit Guarantee Trust for Micro & Small Enterprise or Overdraft against Fixed Deposits); or could have incurred losses in the past years. However, to avail of scheme benefits, a clear plan for profitability (EBIDTA, cash and net level) should be in place over the next two years.Overview: The scheme by the Indian government aims to provide structured financing for ‘startups’ and ‘early-stage enterprises’ mostly in sectors which traditionally do not involve physical assets like technology, biotech, asset-light service sector businesses, web/ mobile-based businesses, clean technologies, social ventures, etc. Innovative business models in other asset-based sectors could also be considered selectively.Fiscal Incentives: The financial assistance provided is need-based, subject to a maximum of INR 200 Lakhs and equity kicker (1%-2% equity on paid up capital at par or a suitably structured kicker). Currently, 14% rate of interest is applicable on the loan amount.Time Period: The loan repayment tenure is upto 7 years including need-based moratorium.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 40: Growth Capital and Equity AssistanceLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: The eligible stakeholders under this scheme include an MSME as per the definition of Government of India (MSMED Act), SIDBI’s existing customers (meeting internal rating criteria) and units with past three years of profitability and two years of satisfactory banking credit track record (meeting internal credit rating criteria). Acceptable external rating from CRISIL, ICRA, D&B, SMERA etc. would be desirable.Overview: This scheme by the Indian government provides assistance to existing Small and Medium Businesses in need of capital for growth. The assistance is provided in form of mezzanine/convertible instruments, subordinated debt and equity (in deserving cases). This quasi-assistance has a higher moratorium on repayment and a flexible structuring.Fiscal Incentives: Under this scheme, the MSMEs are helped to leverage equity/sub-debt assistance from SIDBI for raising higher debt funds. It also helps to avoid the complexities of enterprise valuation, exit issues etc.– associated with equity investments. Information regardin the amount of growth capital provided to the MSME enterprises is not available.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Ministry of Science & TechnologyStartup Scheme 41: Assistance to Professional Bodies & Seminars/SymposiaLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)Industry Applicable: Events, chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: The support is provided to research institutes/ universities/medical and engineering colleges and other academic institutes/professional bodies who organise such events. The applicant should be an Indian citizen residing in India and must hold a regular position in a recognised academic institution or in a national laboratory / recognised R&D institution. Also, he/she should submit the application not earlier than six months and not later than three months, before the date of the event.Overview: SERB extends partial support on a selective basis, for organising seminar/symposia/ training programmes/workshops/conferences at national as well as international level, for the scientific community to keep them abreast of the latest developments in their specific areas. The primary focus of the scheme is to support events having a strong orientation towards scientific research in the areas of basic sciences, engineering, technology, agriculture & medicines.Fiscal Incentives: The incentives include nominal support for pre-operative expenses like domestic travel for young and senior scientists (Indian only), contingencies (stationery items, working tea /lunch, audio-visuals etc.) and pre-conference printing (announcements, abstracts etc.).Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 42: Ayurvedic Biology ProgramLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, healthcare & life sciences, nanotechnology, social impact.Eligibility: Support is provided to research institutes/ universities/medical and engineering colleges and other academic institutes/professional bodies who organise such events. Support is also provided to Indian citizens residing in India, holding a regular academic/research position in a recognised institution. The proposals can be submitted by an individual or by a team of investigators.Overview: SERB supports basic research employing modern biology, immunology, and chemistry to investigate the concepts, procedures, and products of Ayurveda. The current areas of interest include Rasayana and degenerative diseases; Prakriti and human genomics; role of Pathya and nutritional sciences in health and disease; and physiological, immunological and biochemical correlates of traditional Ayurvedic procedures such as Panchakarma.Fiscal Incentives: SERB extends partial financial support, on a selective basis, for organising such domestic events (as well as international). Support is primarily given to encourage participation of young scientists and research professionals in such events along with nominal support for pre-operative expenses like announcements brochures, etc.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 43: Industry Relevant R&DLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)Industry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: The academic partner must be an Indian citizen and hold a regular academic/research position in an academic institution or national laboratories or recognised R&D institutions. More than one academic partner may be allowed. For being an industry partner, all industries (including MSME & industrial R&D Centres) are eligible. More than one Industry and or more than one Investigator from one Industry can be associated with a project. He/she should be an Indian citizen residing in India, holding a regular academic/research position in a recognised institution.Overview: SERB aims to support ideas that address a well-defined problem of industrial relevance through this scheme. The proposal is jointly designed and implemented by an academic partner (which includes a partner from national laboratories/recognised R&D institutions, as the case may be) and industry.Fiscal Incentives: The industry share should not be less than 50% of the total budget. Overhead is provided to the academic partner. The SERB share shall not exceed INR 50 Lakhs for a project. The upper cap may be relaxed on a case-to-case basis.The support from SERB shall be extended only to the academic partner and not to the industry. The research grant will be provided for equipment, manpower, consumables, travel, pilot plant study, and any other costs associated with the project.Time Period: First call in a financial year will be made in the first week of June of every year and the window will be opened for submission of research proposals from June 1 to July 31. Funding decision on the proposals will be communicated to the PIs during December and the grant will be released in January-February next year. The second call will be made in the first week of November of every year and the window will be opened for submission of research proposals November 1 to December 1. Funding decision on the proposals will be communicated to the PIs during May next year and the grant will be released in June-July.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 44: High Risk-High Reward ResearchLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: Indian citizen residing in India, holding a regular academic/research position in a recognised institution can apply under this scheme. The proposals can be submitted by an individual or by a team of investigators.Overview: SERB aims at supporting proposals that are conceptually new and risky, and if successful, expected to have a paradigm-shifting influence on science and technology. Proposals that address scientific issues which will result in ‘incremental’ knowledge will not be supported.Fiscal Incentives: The research grant covers equipment, consumables, contingency and travels apart from overhead grants. No budget limit is prescribed for these projects.Time Period: First call in a financial year will be made in the first week of June of every year and the window will be opened for submission of research proposals from June 1 to July 31. Funding decision on the proposals will be communicated to the PIs during December and the grant will be released in January-February next year. The second call will be made in the first week of November of every year and the window will be opened for submission of research proposals November 1 to December 31. Funding decision on the proposals will be communicated to the PIs during May next year and the grant will be released in June-July.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 45: Technology Development Programme (TDP)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: Scientists, engineers, or technologists working in academic institutions, registered societies, R&D institutions, laboratories having adequate infrastructure & facilities to carry out technology development work as well as prototype building.Overview: The mandate of Technology Development Programmes (TDP) is to convert proof-of-concepts for the development of pre-competitive/commercial technologies/ techniques/ processes. Some of the typical areas in which proposals can be submitted are glass, ceramics, molecular/ biomolecular electronics, polymer and biosensors, waste (plastic, hospital & electronic) utilisation and management, laser/ plasmas/ microwave technology, alternate fuels, fuel conservation, efficient utilisation of fuels, civil infrastructure technologies etc.Fiscal Incentives: Institutions under this scheme get support for project staff salaries, equipment, supplies and consumables, contingency expenditure, patent filing charges, outsourcing charges, internal travel, fabrication costs, testing charges, overheads, etc.For Industry, the only cost of consumables up to 50% has been approved while for Institution/Industry Joint Programmes, support to the Industry up to 50% of the cost of consumables is provided.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 46: National Science & Technology Management Information System (NSTMIS)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Department of Science and Technology (DST)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: Scientists & Technologists; Statisticians and economists; Sociologists; as well as Development/ Planning/ Policy Experts, Management Specialists etc. from academic/research institutions, registered societies, voluntary agencies (NGOs), professional bodies & consulting organisations etc. can apply under this scheme.Overview: DST under this scheme sponsors research projects/studies to interested investigators/organisations where studies could be taken up in the areas of S&T investment, S&T infrastructure, S&T output, S&T databases, S&T manpower, R&D productivity/efficiency etc.Fiscal Incentives: Grant-in-aid is provided for projects. Also, overheads on projects are provided at the rate of 10% of the total project cost for educational institutions and NGOs and 8% for laboratories & institutions under Central Government departments/agencies.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 47: Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme (BIPP)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)Industry Applicable: Healthcare & life sciencesEligibility: An Indian company, whether small, medium, or large with a DSIR-recognised in-house R&D unit, is eligible under this scheme. Also, a joint association of an Indian company and national R&D organisations and institutions; as well as a group of Indian companies along with national research organisations etc. are eligible.Overview: The scheme is a government partnership with industries for support on a cost-sharing basis for path-breaking research in frontier futuristic technology areas having major economic potential and making the Indian industry globally competitive. It is focussed on IP creation with ownership retained by Indian industry and, wherever relevant, by collaborating scientists.Fiscal Incentives: The eligible stakeholders are provided support for high-risk, accelerated technology development especially in futuristic technologies. Support is also provided for companies working in very high-risk, nationally- and socially-relevant areas, with no assured market. It provides for product evaluation and validation through support for limited and large-scale field trial for agriculture products and clinical trials (Phase I, II, III) for health care products and also supports research project for novel IP generation.Time Period: There are three calls for proposals in a year: February 15–March 31, June 15–July 31 and October 15–November 30.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 48: Industry Innovation Programme on Medical Electronics (IIPME)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)Industry Applicable: Healthcare & life sciencesEligibility: Indian startups which are less than three years old from date of advertisement which have 51% ownership, Indian LLPs and those which have Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) Recognition (only for early transition & transition to scale) are eligible to apply under the scheme.Overview: BIRAC aims to promote and foster cutting-edge technologies in the field of medical electronics through this scheme. The project IIPME is a partnership project between the Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India, and Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council, a public sector undertaking of the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.Fiscal Incentives: The loan and grant are provided according to the startup stage. The Seed Grant (Idea to PoC) is INR 50 Lakhs for 18 months, early transitions funding include INR 100 Lakhs for 24 months and for those transitioning to scale, a mix of grant & loan for 24 Months is provided.Time Period: The call for application is made three times a year, with evaluation cycle starting from July 10, November 10, & March 10 in the specified order.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 49: Extra Mural Research FundingLaunched In: N/AHeaded By: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)Industry Applicable: Chemicals, technology hardware, healthcare & life sciences, aeronautics/aerospace & defence, agriculture, AI, AR/VR (augmented + virtual reality), automotive, telecommunication & networking, computer vision, construction, design, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, green technology, fintech, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, social impact, food & beverages, pets & animals, textiles & apparel.Eligibility: Indian citizen residing in India, holding a regular academic/research position in a recognised institution can apply. The proposals can be submitted by an individual or by a team of investigators. The proposal will be funded if it has novelty and the investigator has the competence to execute the project.Overview: The Board funds all the areas of science and engineering without discriminating between disciplines for EMR projects.Fiscal Incentives: The research grant covers equipment, consumables, contingency and travels apart from overhead grants. No budget limit is prescribed. The budget is decided based on the requirement for its successful implementation. The Investigator should propose a budget which is realistic, taking into account, the infrastructure and resources available at the implementing institutions. The average cost of the EMR project is INR 35 Lakhs for a duration of three years.Time Period: Funding is provided normally for a period of three years.To know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 50: SPARSH (Social Innovation programme for Products: Affordable & Relevant to Societal Health)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: BIRACIndustry Applicable: Healthcare & life sciencesEligibility: If at idea and PoC stage:> Biotechnology Indian startups should be incorporated under the Indian Companies Act and have a minimum of 51% Indian Ownership. Plus, they should be less than three years old as on the date of advertisement/ Indian entrepreneurs (Indian citizen willing to form a Company as per Indian Law).> Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) should be incorporated under the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008. Plus, it should be less than three years old as on the date of advertisement, having a minimum half of the persons who subscribed their names to the LLP document as its Partners should be Indian citizens.> Indian academic scientists, researchers, PhDs, medical degree holders, biomedical engineering graduates (who must be willing to incubate in a business incubator).>Proprietorship concern established by an Indian citizen and a Certificate/license should be issued by the municipal authorities/ under the Shop & Establishment Act /under other relevant statutes.> No DSIR certification is required.If at Proof of Concept to Validation stage:> Companies incorporated under the Indian Companies Act having a minimum of 51% Indian ownership.> DSIR recognition> Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) incorporated under the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008> Indian institution/ universities/ public research organisation who can become co‐applicants along with the company/LLP as main applicant established in India and having NAAC/ UGC/ AICTE or any equivalent recognition certificate.– Partnership firms/society/ Trust/ NGO/ foundation/ association established in India under the relevant Indian Law, having at least half of the stakeholders (partners/ trustees/ members/ associates etc) as Indians.Furthermore, access to Innovative Pilot Scale Delivery Models is provided only to:> Companies incorporated under the Indian Companies Act having a minimum of 51% Indian ownership.>DSIR recognition.>The product should have gained necessary approvals from the concerned regulatory authority (‐ies) for pilot studies.>It is desirous that the projects show partnership or a consortium of product/service innovator Company, an implementer/deployer (research foundations, Section 25 companies etc) and clinical partner(s). Any such partner for execution/ implementation can become a co‐Applicant in the proposal.Overview: The scheme intends to create a pool of social innovators in the biotech arena who will identify specific needs and gaps in health care. The social innovators will be provided financial and technical support for developing market-based solutions that have potential to bring cost effective health care breakthroughs to vulnerable populations in particular.Fiscal Incentives: For startups at the idea to proof of concept (PoC) stage, grant‐in‐aid up to INR 50 Lakhs for a period up to 18 months is available. For those at the proof of concept to validation stage, the amount remains the same but the time period increases to 24 months. In the case of access to Innovative Pilot Scale Delivery Models – grant‐in‐aid for a period up to 24 months is provided. The project cost sanctioned for the company would be matched equally by BIRAC and the company.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 51: Promoting Innovations in Individuals, Startups and MSMEs (PRISM)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Council of Scientific & Industrial ResearchIndustry Applicable: Sector-agnosticEligibility: The scheme runs in two phases. For PRISM I, any Indian citizen including student innovators can apply. For PRISM II, PRISM innovators or innovators who have successfully demonstrated proof of concept with the support of government institution/agency; PRISM-R&D proposals and public funded – R&D institutes/ autonomous institutions/ laboratories/ academic institutes etc. are eligible.Overview: The scheme provides grants, technical guidance and mentoring to individual innovators by incubating their idea towards the creation of new enterprises in phases. It also provides grant-in-aid support to technology solution providers developing technology solutions aimed at helping MSME cluster.Fiscal Incentives:>PRISM Phase-I Category-I: For proof of concept/prototype/models, with project cost upto INR 5 Lakhs, a maximum of INR 2 Lakhs or 90% of the total project cost (whichever is less) is provided.> PRISM Phase-I, Category-II: For fabrication of working model/ process know-how/testing & trail/ patenting/ technology transfer, etc. with a project costing between INR 5 Lakhs to INR 35 Lakhs, a maximum of INR 20 Lakhs or 90% of the total project cost (whichever is less) is given.>Prism-Phase-II: Enterprise incubation, with a project costing between INR 35 Lakhs and INR 100 Lakhs, up to INR 50 Lakh limited to 50% of the total project cost is provided.> For PRISM-R&D Proposals, up to INR 50 Lakhs limited to 50% of the total project cost is given.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 52: Science and Technology of Yoga and Meditation (SATYAM)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Department of Science and Technology (DST)Industry Applicable: Healthcare & life sciencesEligibility: Scientists/academicians with research background in ‘Yoga and Meditation’ and having a regular position, plus practitioners actively involved in yoga and meditation practices in collaboration with academic and research institutions of repute are eligible to apply.Overview: SATYAM aims at investigations on the effect of Yoga and Meditation on – physical and mental health and well being, body, brain, and mind in terms of basic processes and mechanisms. The scheme has been launched under the DST’s Cognitive Science Research Initiative (CSRI).Fiscal Incentives: Not specified.Time Period: The scheme supports research projects for a maximum period of three years.To know more about, this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 53: Rapid Grant for Young Investigator (RGYI)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Department of Biotechnology (DBT)Industry Applicable: Healthcare & life sciencesEligibility: The Principal Investigator should be below 40 years holding an independent position (and within 10 years of receiving a PhD). Each application should have Co-PI (preferably below 50 years) with prior experience in grant management. Also, applicants must be from non-profit organisations and should have demonstrated a promising track-record of early achievements appropriate to his/her research field and career stage, including significant publications (as the main author) in international, peer-reviewed, scientific journals.Overview: The scheme fosters creative research in various fields of biotechnology (medical, agriculture, animal biotech, environment and industry, etc.) to enhance the early career development of young investigators. The programme aims to provide the first extramural grant to establish labs and initiate research in the frontier areas of biotechnology.Fiscal Incentives: RGYI provides startup grants to young investigators across the country working in different settings such as central government funded institutions, state government-funded university departments, scientists at DSIR-approved private institutions etc.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Startup Scheme 54: Biotechnology Ignition Grant (BIG)Launched In: N/AHeaded By: Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)Industry Applicable: Healthcare & life sciencesEligibility: The Applicant should be an Indian citizen and has to be physically incubated in an incubator and produce a recommendation. They must provide termination for full-time association of project. Applicants from non-profit/research organisation need to furnish an NOC. The Promoter/shareholder of any LLP is not eligible.Overview: BIRAC believes in novel ideas that have a commercialisation potential and that evolve from startups or academic spin-offs. This scheme aims to support those ideas which have an unmet need for funding and mentorship. It promotes basically the technology ideas relating to medical/health biotechnology, biopharma and medical devices/biomaterials/diagnostics, agro, biotechnology and animal/marine biotechnology, industrial/ environmental biotechnology and biomass value addition via biotechnology, biotechnology-based services/reagents/supplies, bioinformatics and bio-IT interface etc.Fiscal Incentives: Up to INR 50 Lakhs for research projects with a commercialisation potential with duration of up to 18 months are provided.Time Period: N/ATo know more about this startup scheme by the Indian Government, click here.Editor’s NoteIt has been 70 years since India achieved independence. And every government since then have made an effort to promote skill-based trade and entrepreneurship in India. But, it was only in the 2000s and the launch of companies such as Flipkart and One97 Communications (which runs Paytm) that ‘startups’ as a term, a career and way of life gained any legitimacy.To this end, the Indian government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Modi, has done its utmost to enable and empower Indian startups. Whether it’s funding support, tax rebates, mentorship or guiding platforms like Startup India Hub, startups are being provided tiered support. Although, if we go by numbers then, to date, only 1333 applicants have been recognised as startups by the DIPP while only 39 Indian startups have been approved for availing tax benefits by IMB, as of 2nd week of June 2017.But, with recent announcements like the formation of 1,000 tinkering labs at a school level and Nirmala Sitharaman’s appeal to local MPs to create more and more coworking spaces in constituencies, has created an increased wave of positivity. Also, the Indian government’s recent attempts to build exchange programmes with foreign startups in countries like Germany, SAARC nations, will further open new doors of opportunities for the stakeholders in the startup ecosystem. One of the most important reasons for starting a business – job creation – has now become part of the startup lexicon due to efforts of the Indian government.There are 50+ startup schemes available to interested individuals and entities or startups that they can benefit from. Be it Indian startups having a product or service in an idea stage, a pilot model stage or running full-scale businesses. Academics (especially STEM fields) too have been given due consideration. But, the fact remains that stakeholders need to be made aware of these programmes and initiatives and the bureaucratic red tape involved in getting these benefits need to be reduced too. The present Indian government has less than two years before a new regime comes to power. It remains to be seen what benefits, startup schemes and startup-centric initiatives will it undertake in order to realise the vision of ‘Startup India Stand Up India.’

creation of laws is a long process,we will discuss it a.s.a. i answer the last question RTI is for asking an information either required or necessary to concerned govt. or semi govt. authority. this information could be denied on some grounds such as related to national security,patents,a person`s personal life etc.also by way of filing a RTI you can`t change or amend a law.b/c it just a way of getting information and nothing else, yes it might be helpful in exposing certain wrongdoings by govt. or semi govt. officials.now we will return to law making there are 3 lists under indian constitution which are enumerated in 7th schedule.these lists deals with subjects on which central govt.,state govt. or both could make laws,rules,ordnances,bylaws,orders etc.the 3 lists are as follows -union listThe items are:01. Defence of India and every part thereof including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation.02. Naval, military and air forces; any other armed forces of the Union.2A. Deployment of any armed forces of the Union or any other force subject to the control of the Union or any contingent or unit thereof in any State in aid of the civil power; powers, jurisdiction, privileges and liabilities of the members of such forces while on such deployment.03. Delimitation of [cantonment] areas, local self-government in such areas, the constitution and powers within such areas of cantonment authorities and the regulation of house accommodation (including the control of rents) in such areas.04. Naval, military and air force works.05. Arms, firearms, ammunition and explosives.06. Atomic energy and mineral resources necessary for its production.07. Industries declared by Parliament by law to be necessary for the purpose of defence or for the prosecution of war.08. Central Bureau of Intelligence and Investigation.09. Preventive detention for reasons connected with Defence, Foreign Affairs, or the security of India; persons subjected to such detention.10. Foreign affairs; all matters which bring the Union into relation with any foreign country.11. Diplomatic, consular and trade representation.12. United Nations Organisation.13. Participation in international conferences, associations and other bodies and implementing of decisions made thereat.14. Entering into treaties and agreements with foreign countries and implementing of treaties, agreements and conventions with foreign Countries.15. War and peace.16. Foreign jurisdiction.17. Citizenship, naturalisation and aliens.18. Extradition.19. Admission into, and emigration and expulsion from, India; passports and visas.20. Pilgrimages to places outside India.21. Piracies and crimes committed on the high seas or in the air; offences against the law of nations committed on land or the high seas or in the air.22. Railways.23. Highways declared by or under law made by Parliament to be national highways.24. Shipping and navigation on inland waterways, declared by Parliament by law to be national waterways, as regards mechanically propelled vessels; the rule of the road on such waterways25. Maritime shipping and navigation, including shipping and navigation on tidal waters; provision of education and training for the mercantile marine and regulation of such education and training provided by States and other agencies.26. Lighthouses, including lightships, beacons and other provision for the safety of shipping and aircraft.27. Ports declared by or under law made by Parliament or existing law to be major ports, including their delimitation, and the constitution and powers of port authorities therein.28. Port quarantine, including hospitals connected therewith; seamen's and marine hospitals.29. Airways aircraft and air navigation; provision of aerodromes; regulation and organisation of air traffic, and of aerodromes; provision for aeronautical education and training and regulation of such education and training provided by States and other agencies.30. Carriage of passengers and goods by railway, sea or air, or by national waterways in mechanically propelled vessels.31. Posts and telegraphs, telephones, wireless, broadcasting and other like forms of communication.32. Property of the Union and the revenue therefrom, but as regards property situated in a State subject to legislation by the State, save in so far as Parliament by law otherwise provides.33.Acquisition or requisitioning of property for the purposes of the Union34. Courts of wards for the estates of Rulers of Indian States.35. Public debt of the Union.36. Currency, coinage and legal tender; foreign exchange.37. Foreign loans.38. Reserve Bank of India.39. Post Office Savings Bank.40. Lotteries organised by the Government of India or the Government of a State.41. Trade and commerce with foreign countries import and export across customs frontiers definition of customs frontiers.42. Inter-State trade and commerce.43. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of trading Corporations, including banking, insurance and financial corporations but not including Co-operative Societies.44. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of corporations, whether trading or not, with objects not confined to one State, but not including universities.45. Banking.46. Bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes and other like instruments.47. Insurance.48. Stock exchanges and futures markets.49. Patents, inventions and designs; copyright; trade-marks and merchandise marks.50. Establishment of standards of weight and measure.51. Establishment of standards of quality for goods to be exported out of India or transported from one State to another.52. Industries, the control of which by the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.53. Regulation and development of oilfields and mineral oil resources; petroleum and petroleum products; other liquids and substances declared by Parliament by law to be dangerously inflammable.54. Regulation of mines and mineral development to the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.55. Regulation of labour and safety in mines and oil-fields.56. Regulation and development of inter-State rivers and river valleys to the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.57. Fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters.58. Manufacture, supply and distribution of salt by Union agencies; regulations and control of manufacture, supply and distribution of salt by other agencies.59. Cultivation, manufacture, and sale for export, of opium.60. Sanctioning of cinematograph films for exhibition.61. Industrial disputes concerning Union employees.62. The institutions known at the commencement of this Constitution as the National Library, the Indian Museum, the Imperial War Museum, the Victoria Memorial and the Indian War Memorial, and any other like institution financed by the Government of India wholly or in part and declared by Parliament by law to be an institution of national importance.63. The institutions known at the commencement of this Constitution as the Benares Hindu University, the Aligarh Muslim University and the Delhi University; the University established in pursuance of Article 371-E; any other institution declared by Parliament by law to be an institution of national importance.64. Institutions for scientific or technical education financed by the Government of India wholly or in part and declared by Parliament by law to be institutions of national importance.65. Union agencies and institutions for -(a) professional, vocational or technical training, including the training of police officers; or(b) the promotion of special studies or research; or(c) scientific or technical assistance in the investigation or detection of crime.66. Co-ordination and determination of standards in institutions for higher education or research and scientific and technical institutions.67. Ancient and historical monuments and records, and archaeological sites and remains, declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance.68. The Survey of India, the Geological, Botanical, Zoological and Anthropological Surveys of India; Meteorological organisations.69. Census.70. Union public services; all-India services; Union Public Service Commission.71. Union Pensions, that is to say, pensions payable by the Government of India or out of the Consolidated Fund of India.72. Elections to Parliament, to the Legislatures of States and to the offices of President and Vice-President; the Election Commission.73. Salaries and allowances of members of Parliament, the Chairman and Deputy chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.74. Powers, privileges and Immunities of each House of Parliament and of the members and the Committees of each House enforcement of attendance of persons for giving evidence or producing documents before committees of Parliament or commissions appointed by Parliament.75. Emoluments, allowances, privileges, and rights in respect of leave of absence, of the President and Governors salaries and allowances of the Ministers for the Union; the Salaries, allowances, and rights in respect of leave of absence and other conditions of service of the Comptroller and Auditor General.76. Audit of the accounts of the Union and of the States.77. Constitution, organisation, jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court (including contempt of such Court), and the fees taken therein persons entitled to practice before the Supreme Court.78. Constitution and organisation (including vacations) of the High Courts except provisions as to officers and servants of High Courts; persons entitled to practice before the High Courts.79. Extensions of the jurisdiction of a High Court to, and exclusion of the jurisdiction of a High Court from any Union territory.80. Extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to any State to any area outside that State, but not so as to enable the police of one State to exercise powers and jurisdiction in any area outside that State without the consent of the Government of the State in which such area is situated; extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force belonging to any State to railway areas outside that State.81. Inter-state migration; inter-State quarantine.82. Taxes on income other than agricultural income.83. Duties of customs including export duties.84. Duties of excise on the following goods manufactured or produced in India, namely:—(a) petroleum crude; (b) high speed diesel; (c) motor spirit (commonly known as petrol); (d) natural gas; (e) aviation turbine fuel; and (f) tobacco and tobacco products85. Corporation tax.86. Taxes on the capital value of the assets, exclusive of agricultural land, of individuals and companies; taxes on the capital of companies.87. Estate duty in respect of property other than agricultural land.88. Duties in respect of succession to property other than agricultural land.89. Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railway, sea or air; taxes on railway fares and freights.90. Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and futures markets.91. Rates of stamp duty in respect of bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes, bills of lading, letters of credit, policies of insurance, transfer of shares, debentures, proxies and receipts.92. Omitted92A. Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers, where such sale or purchase takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.92B. Taxes on the consignment of goods (whether the consignment is to the person making it or to any other person), where such consignment takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.92C. Omitted93. Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this List.94. Inquiries, surveys and statistics for the purpose of any of the matters in this List.95. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this List admiralty jurisdiction.96. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but not including fees taken in any court.97. Any other matter not enumerated in List II or List III including any tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.these are the subjects on which only central legislature i.e. parliament or govt. can make laws and states can`t as these subjects are related to whole of country.now the second list i.e.state listPublic order (but not includingthe use of any naval, military or air force or any other armed force of the Union or of any other force subject to the control of the Union or of any contingent or unit thereof in aid of the civil power).Police (including railway and village police) subject to the provisions of Entry 2-A of List-I.Officers and servants of the High Court; procedure in rent and revenue courts; fees taken in all courts except the Supreme Court.Prisons, reformatories, Borstal institutions and other institutions of a like nature and persons detained therein; arrangements with other States for the use of prisons and other institutions.Local government, that is to say, the constitution and powers of municipal corporations, improvement trusts, district boards, mining settlement authorities and other local authorities for the purpose of local self-government or village administration.Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries.Pilgrimages, other than pilgrimages to places outside India.Intoxicating liquors, that is to say, the production, manufacture, transport, purchase and sale of intoxicating liquors.Relief for the disabled and unemployable.Burials and burial grounds; cremations and cremation grounds.Education including universities, subject to the provisions of entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I and entry 25 of List III.<Libraries, museums and other similar institutions controlled or financed by the State; ancient and historical monuments and records other than those declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance.Communications, that is to say, roads, bridges, ferries, and other means of communication not specified in List I; municipal tramways, ropeways, inland waterways and traffic thereon subject to the provisions of List I and List III with regard to such water-ways; vehicles other than mechanically propelled vehicles.Agriculture, including agricultural education and research; protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases.Preservation, protection and improvement of stock and prevention of animal diseases; veterinary training and practice.Ponds and the prevention of cattle trespass.Water, that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power subject to the provisions of Entry 56 of List I.Land, that is to say, rights in or over land, land tenures including the relation of landlord and tenant, and the collection of rents; transfer and alienation of agricultural land; land improvement and agricultural loans; colonization.Forests.Protection of wild animals and birds.Fisheries.Courts of wards; subject to the provisions of Entry 34 of List I; encumbered and attached estates.Regulation of mines and mineral development subject to the provisions of List I with respect to regulation and development under the control of the Union.Industries subject to the provisions of Entries 7 and 52 of List I.Gas and gas-works.Trade and commerce within the State subject to the provisions of Entry 33 of List III.Production, supply and distribution of goods subject to the provisions of Entry 33 of List III.Markets and fairs.Weights and measures except establishment of standards.Money-lending and money-lenders; relief of agricultural indebtedness.Inns and inn-keepers.Incorporation, regulation and winding up of corporations, other than those specified in List I, and universities; unincorporated trading, literary, scientific, religious and other societies and associations; co-operative societies.Theatres and dramatic performances; cinemas subject to the provisions of Entry 60 of List I; sports, entertainments and amusements.Betting and gambling.Works, lands and buildings vested in or in the possession of the State.Acquisition or requisitioning of property, except for the purposes of the Union, subject to the provisions of entry 42 of List III.Elections to the Legislature of the State subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament.Salaries and allowances of members of the legislature of the State, of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and, if there is a Legislative Council, of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof.Powers, privileges and immunities of the Legislative Assembly and of the members and the committees thereof and, if there is a Legislative Council, of that Council and of the members and the committees thereof; enforcement of attendance of persons for giving evidence or producing documents before committees of the Legislature of the State.Salaries and allowances of Ministers for the State.State public services; State Public Service Commission.State pensions, that is to say, pensions payable by the State or out of the Consolidated Fund of the State.Public debt of the State.Treasure trove.Land revenue, including the assessment and collection of revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues.Taxes on agricultural income.Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land.Estate duty in respect of agricultural land.Taxes on lands and buildings.Taxes on mineral rights subject to any limitations imposed by Parliament by law relating to mineral development.Duties of excise on the following goods manufactured or produced in the State and countervailing duties at the same or lower rates on similar goods manufactured or produced elsewhere in India-(a) alcoholic liquors for human consumption(b) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcoticsbut not including medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol or any substance included in sub-paragraph (b) of this entry.52. Omitted53. Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity.54. Taxes on the sale of petroleum crude, high speed diesel, motor spirit (commonly known as petrol), natural gas, aviation turbine fuel and alcoholic liquor for human consumption, but not including sale in the course of inter-State trade or commerce or sale in the course of international trade or commerce of such goods55. Omitted56. Taxes on goods and passengers carried by road or on inland waterways.57. Taxes on vehicles, whether mechanically propelled or not, suitable for use on roads, including tram-cars subject to the provisions of Entry 35 of List III [Concurrent list].58. Taxes on animals and boats.59. Tolls.60. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.61. Capitation taxes.62. Taxes on luxuries, including taxes on entertainments, amusements, betting and gambling.63. Taxes on entertainments and amusements to the extent levied and collected by a Panchayat or a Municipality or a Regional Council or a District Council.64. Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this list.65. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this list.66. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this list, but not including fees taken in any court.these are the subjects on which though states have rights to make or amend already existing laws the are not exclusive as centre at the time of emergency or when two or more states make requests is empowered to make a law,such law can be amended by only parliament.now the last listconcurrent list1. Criminal law, including all matters included in the Indian Penal Code at the commencement of this Constitution but excluding offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in List I or List II and excluding the use of naval, military or air forces or any other armed forces of the Union in aid of the civil power.2. Criminal procedure, including all matters included in the Code of Criminal Procedure at the commencement of this Constitution.3. Preventive detention for reasons connected with the security of a State, the maintenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community; persons subjected to such detention.4. Removal from one State to another State of prisoners, accused persons and persons subjected to preventive detention for reasons specified in Entry 3 of this list.5. Marriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption; wills, intestacy and succession; joint family and partition; all matters in respect of which parties in judicial proceedings were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution subject to their personal law.6. Transfer of property other than agricultural land; registration of deeds and documents.7. Contracts including partnership, agency, contracts of carriage, and other special forms of contracts, but not including contracts relating to agricultural land.8. Actionable wrongs.9. Bankruptcy and insolvency.10. Trust and Trustees.11. Administrators – general and official trustees.11-A. Administration of justice; constitution and Organisation of all courts, except the Supreme Court and the High Courts.12. Evidence and oaths; recognition of laws, public acts and records, and judicial proceedings.13. Civil procedure, including all matters included in the Code of Civil Procedure at the commencement of this Constitution, limitation and arbitration.14. Contempt of court, but not including contempt of the Supreme Court.15. Vagrancy; nomadic and migratory tribes.16. Lunacy and mental deficiency, including places for the reception or treatment of lunatics and mental deficients.17. Prevention of cruelty to animals.17-A. Forests.17-B. Protection of wild animals and birds.18. Adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods.19. Drugs and poisons, subject to the provisions of Entry 59 of List I with respect to opium.20. Economic and social planning.20-A. Population control and family planning.21. Commercial and industrial monopolies, combines and trusts.22. Trade unions; industrial and labour disputes.23. Social security and social insurance; employment and unemployment.24. Welfare of labour including conditions of work, provident funds, employers' liability, workmen's compensation, invalidity and old age pensions and maternity benefits.25. Education, including technical education, medical education and universities, subject to the provisions of Entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I; vocational and technical training of labour.26. Legal, medical and other professions.27. Relief and rehabilitation of persons displaced from their original place of residence by reason of the setting up of the Dominions of India and Pakistan.28. Charities and charitable institutions, charitable and religious endowments and religious institutions.29. Prevention of the extension from one State to another of infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting men, animals or plants.30. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.31. Ports other than those declared by or under law made by Parliament or existing law to be major ports.32. Shipping and navigation on inland waterways as regards mechanically propelled vessels, and the rule of the road on such waterways, and the carriage of passengers and goods on inland waterways subject to the provisions of List I with respect to national waterways.33. Trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of,-(a) the products of any industry where the control of such industry by the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest, and imported goods of the same kind as such products(b) foodstuffs, including edible oilseeds and oils(c) cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates(d) raw cotton, whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seed; and(e) raw jute.33-A. Weights and measures except establishment of standards.34. Price control.35. Mechanically propelled vehicles including the principles on which taxes on such vehicles are to be levied.36. Factories.37. Boilers.38. Electricity.39. Newspapers, books and printing presses.40. Archaeological sites and remains other than those declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance.41. Custody, management and disposal of property (including agricultural land) declared by law to be evacuee property.42. Acquisition and requisitioning of property.43. Recovery in a State of claims in respect of taxes and other public demands, including arrears of land-revenue and sums recoverable as such arrears, arising outside that State.44. Stamp duties other than duties or fees collected by means of judicial stamps, but not including rates of stamp duty.45. Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the matters specified in List II or List III.46. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this List.47. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but not including fees taken in any court.Transferred SubjectsThrough the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 Five subjects were transferred from State to Concurrent List. They are:[6]EducationForestsWeights & MeasuresProtection of Wild Animals and Birds5. Administration of Justiceon these subjects both states and centre can make laws but central law on same subject is always given preferance over law made by state.now lawmaking in indialegislative proposals by either a member of council of minister or a mp or mla b4 either house of parliament or in case a state where only single house legislature exists in front of assembly.such bill of minister be called govt. bill and bill by mp or mla who isnot a part of council of minister be called as pvt. bill.a govt. bill has a high possibility of getting a nod as compared to pvt. member bill.3 stages - 1) 1st reading, 2)2nd reading , 3)3rd readingthen bill passed in each house, if this does not happens in case of bill in parliament and if the bill is not a money or constitution amendment bill the the bill could be referred for consideration of joint meeting of both houses of parliament, but in case of state with two houses this can`t happen as only assembly is enough powerful to pass the bill also there is no provision of joint sitting.then bill is passed to president for his approval he have 3 options eithergiving assent - which makes the bill a law.withholding assent - which kills the bill orsending the bill for reconsideration - if the bill again sent back to him with or w/o amendments the prez. must have to give the assent.after this if prez. had given his yes then the bill becomes an act and published in official gazette.how an act can be changed w/o getting into politics ?the supreme court is the upholder of constitution in india. it can declare a law void if it violated the basic structure of constitutionSupremacy of the ConstitutionRule of lawThe principle of Separation of PowersThe objectives specified in the Preamble to the ConstitutionJudicial ReviewArticles 32 and 226Federalism (including financial liberty of states under Articles 282 and 293)SecularismThe Sovereign, Democratic, Republican structureFreedom and dignity of the individualUnity and integrity of the NationThe principle of equality, not every feature of equality, but the quintessence of equal justice;The "essence" of other Fundamental Rights in Part IIIThe concept of social and economic justice — to build a Welfare State: Part IV in totoThe balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive PrinciplesThe Parliamentary system of governmentThe principle of free and fair electionsLimitations upon the amending power conferred by Article 368Independence of the JudiciaryEffective access to justicePowers of the Supreme Court under Articles 32, 136, 141, 142Legislation seeking to nullify the awards made in exercise of the judicial power of the State by Arbitration Tribunals constituted under an Act[7]Welfare statealso if the act violates the fundamental rights then either the aggrieved party of a person on his behalf can approach to either SC under article13 and 32.or the HC under article 13 and 226 for remedies.so most probable method is that filing a PIL before SC or HC.PIL - Public interest litigation in India - Wikipediasources -1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawmaking_procedure_in_India2)Federalism in India - Wikipedia3)Union List - Wikipedia4) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_List5) Concurrent List - Wikipedia

CONGRESS FORESIGHTEDNESS FOR THE COUNTRYEven though the population of the Country has increased from 35 Crores to 125 Crores in the last sixty years and we had to face three wars, today we have become a World Economic Power. This has been possible because of the foresightedness, clear cut vision, dedication and devotion of the great Congress leaders like Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Smt. Indira Gandhi and Sh. Rajiv Gandhi. There is no other country in the world which can boast of having made such progress. Though India possess only about 2.4 per cent of the total land area of the world she has to support about 17% of the world population. On the other hand USA with 6.6 per cent of the total land area of the world has to support about 4.5% of the world population .It is because of the rising population that we are unable to show our real progress. If we were to make a comparison of growth of Per Capita Income of USA vis a vis India we are much better placed. The Population of USA has doubled from around 15 crores in 1950 to 30 crores in 2010, its Per Capita has grown by 3 times. Whereas India’s population grew by around 4 times during this period and its Per Capita income grew by 7 times. As such our rate of growth is almost twice that of USA.INDIAN POSITION GLOBALLYIndia today is the third most powerful in economic indices. Today we have the largest road network in the world. We are the 7th largest energy producer and the 5th largest energy consumer in the world. India is the second larger exploiter of wind energy in the world after USA. Between 1951 and today we have changed from importer of food grains to exporter of food grains, from importer of consumer goods to exporter of consumer goods. Today we not only provide technology, know- how, to a number of countries but also the skilled manpower. With a user base of 120 million we are the world’s third largest internet market. India produces the second largest pool of educated and skilled man power in the world The literacy rate among females at time of Independence was only 7.9% and that in Males was 25.0%. Today in females it has increased to 65.5 % and that in Males to 82.1%. In the last sixty years the number of Primary Schools have increased by 275%, Middle Schools by 2292%, High Schools by 2232%, University by 2200%. With the advent of planning, extension of hospitals and medical facilities there is a sharp decline of death rate to a level of 7.2 per thousand from 18.0 per thousand at the time of Independence. The expected life of a female at time of Independence was 40.6 years today it is 69.6 yrs (As per 2009 figures). The expected life of male at Independence was 41.9 years and today it is 67.3 yrs. Registered Medical Practioners in 1950-51 was 61,800 today they are more than 10 lakhs. The Railway route electrified in last 60 years has increased by 4970%, freight transport by 891%, and passenger movement by 493%. The Road length between 2011 and 1951 has increased by around 43 lakh Kms. The number of Registered Vehicles are more than 15 crores an increase by 4626% in the last 60 years. The rate of branch bank expansion is unparallel anywhere else in the world. Since 1969 after Bank Nationalisation there has been 1075% increase in number of branches. Our Finished Steel Production has increased during 1951 and today by 7,400%, Cement by 8,000%, Crude Oil by 12,500 %, Electricity Generated increased by 15,802%. Today 99% of Indian Population is covered by Radio and TV. This has enabled the Country to remain united even though each State has its own dialect, culture, traditions.INDIRA GANDHI THE IRON LADYThe Congress Governments have stood the test of time. Mrs Indira Gandhi as a dynamic leader showed to the world that India cannot be taken lightly. Not only Mrs Gandhi broke Pakistan into two parts and thus saved the Country of the fear of its Border being attacked from the Eastern Side but also by making 90,000 to 93,000 Pakistan Army surrender before the Indian Army created History. Never before in the History of the World have 90,000 soldiers or more of any Nation laid down their Arms before any other country. It was because of the courage, boldness, foresightedness of Mrs Indira Gandhi Sikkim an Independent Country on 16th May 1975 merged on its own with India to become the 22nd State of India.It was Mrs Indira Gandhi strong Leadership who could not be cowed down even by the strong Nations like USA. On 18th May 1974 when India carried out its First Peaceful Nuclear Test at Pokhran India joined the Nuclear Countries. There was lot of hue and cry from USA and other European Nations, they also imposed Economic sanctions but Mrs Gandhi courageous leadership, foresightedness was not deterred by the world’s attitude. Today we have a strong Defence capable of taking any country in the world.Mrs Indira Gandhi was always ready to take bold decisions. She abolished the Privy Purses and carried out Nationalisation of Banks a progressive and socialist step. Her act of abolition of Privy Purses and Nationalisation of Banks was struck down by the Honble Supreme Court. Mrs Indira Gandhi was not deterred by this. Her absolute resolute, determination, devotion for the poor inspired her to get the Constitution Amended through Parliament and thereby give Abolition Of Privy Purses and Nationalisation of Banks a legal validity.WELFARE ACROSS ALL SECTIONS IN INDIAThe Congress Governments have always been concerned for the welfare of the masses. Poverty elimination and inclusive growth are the top most priority for the welfare of every state. To meet these socio-developmental objectives, the Congress Governments have introduced a number of welfare schemes with special emphasis on helping the poor, destitute women, children, Schedule castes and Schedule tribes, Other Backward Classes, physically handicapped, widows and orphans, literate and illiterate poor, rural and urban. Some of the important welfare schemes brought by the Congress Governments are:THE MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACTCongress Government introduced The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) so as to provide a lawful assurance for 100 days of service in each fiscal year to mature members of every rural family eager to do community work. This scheme operation in 626 districts of the country was initiated with an intend of betterment of the purchasing power of the rural inhabitants, chiefly partially or un-skilled employment existing in rural India. Approximately 1/3rd of the fixed work power is women. Employment is provided within fifteen days of request for job, if not so then every day joblessness grant as per the rule. Work must generally be given inside five km of village radius. If the work is given outside the five km, extra pay of ten percent is allocated to convene extra moving & living expenditure. Both men & women are to be given same wages. Work place amenities like crèche, consumption water, and shadow are also arranged at the place of work.INDIRA AWAS YOJANAGiven that India has been historically a populous and poor country, the need of proper housing for the refugees and villagers has always been a focus of Congress Government’s welfare schemes since the time of India’s independence. As a result various welfare schemes like House Sites Construction Assistance Scheme have been ongoing since the 1950s. However, it was only under Indira Awaas Yojanas a focussed fund to provide housing for the rural poor in India Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers, minorities and non-SC/ST rural households in the BPL category, widows and next-of-kin to defence personnel/paramilitary forces killed in action (irrespective of their income criteria), ex-servicemen and retired members of paramilitary forces residing in rural areas was created. It is one of the major programs of the Congress Governments to construct houses for Below Poverty Line population in the villages. Under the scheme, financial assistance is provided for construction of houses. The houses are allotted in the name of the woman or jointly between husband and wife. The broad purpose of the scheme is to provide financial assistance to some of the weakest sections of society for them to upgrade or construct a house of respectable quality for their personal living. The vision of the government is to replace all temporary (kutchcha) houses from Indian villages by 2017. Sanitary latrine and smokeless chullah are required to be constructed along with each IAY house for which additional financial assistance is provided from Total Sanitation Campaign and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana respectively.PRADHAN MANTRI ADARSH GRAM YOJANAPradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana is a rural development programme launched by the Central government in India in the financial year 2009-10 for the development of villages having a higher ratio (over 50%) of people belonging to the scheduled castes. This plan is considered ambitious as it aimed to bring a number of development programs to the villages. Some of these programs are Bharat Nirman, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana for rural roads, water supply, housing, electrification. This program is applicable to around 44,000 villages which have a scheduled castes population above 50%.KASTURBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDYALAYA SCHEMEThe Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya scheme was introduced by the Congress Government in August 2004, then integrated in the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program, to provide educational facilities for girls belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, minority communities and families below the poverty line in Educationally Backward Blocks. Nearly 3,6 lakh girls are studying in over 3500 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya which are residential schools for girls in class VI to VIII in the educationally backward blocks of India. Of them 29% are SCs, 26% STs, 26%OBC, 9% Muslims and 10% belonging to BPL families..RASHTRIYA SWASTHYA BIMA YOJANA (RSBY)On the initiative of the Congress Party Government introduced a health insurance scheme for the Indian poor. It provides for cashless insurance for hospitalisation in public as well private hospitals. The scheme started enrolling on April 1, 2008 and has been implemented in 25 states of India. More than 23 million families have been enrolled. Every “below poverty line” family holding a yellow ration card pays 30 registration fee to get a biometric-enabled smart card containing their fingerprints and photographs. This enables them to receive inpatient medical care of up to 30,000 per family per year in any of the empanelled hospitals. Pre-existing illnesses are covered from day one, for head of household, spouse and up to three dependent children or parents.SWAVALAMBAN YOJANASwavalamban Yojana seeks to provide pension scheme to the unorganised sector in India. It is applicable to all citizens in the unorganised sector who join the New Pension System administered by the Interim Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority. Under the scheme, Government will contribute Rs. 1000 per year to each New Pension System account opened in the year 2010-11 and for the next three years, that is, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14. The benefit will be available only to persons who join the NPS with a minimum contribution of Rs. 1,000 and maximum contribution of Rs. 12,000 per annum.MIDDAY MEAL SCHEME INTRODUCED BY THE CONGRESS GOVERNMENTSThe Midday Meal Scheme introduced by the Congress Governments is the popular school meal programme. It involves provision of free lunch on working days in schools. The key objectives of the programme are: protecting children from classroom hunger, increasing school enrollment and attendance, improved socialization among children belonging to all castes, addressing malnutrition, and social empowerment through provision of employment to women. Under this scheme besides providing free mid day meal, free education, free books, free uniform Government are also provided. These supportive measures help to improve retention rates in primary and upper primary schools . More than 10.54 Crores ( 7.8 Crores in Primary School and 3.36 in Upper Primary School) children are covered in this scheme. An amount of Rs 13,215 Crores has been earmarked in the Current Budget for this scheme. Today in Rural areas 96.5% of children in age group of 6 to 14 years are enrolled in schools.GRAMIN BHANDARAN YOJNA CREATIONGramin Bhandaran Yojna Creation of scientific storage capacity with allied facilities in rural areas to meet the requirements of farmers for storing farm produce, processed farm produce and agricultural inputs. Improve their marketability through promotion of grading, standardization and quality control of agricultural produce.DIRECT BENEFIT TRANSFER:Though Congress Governments since Independence has introduced a number of welfare schemes with the intention of uplifting the poor and downtrodden but it has been noticed that the fruits have not reached the people for whom it was meant. There have been issues associated with the efficiency and effectiveness of the same. Rampant leakages and corruption have made many of the schemes and programs dysfunctional. Rajeev Ji, was deeply concerned about the benefits not reaching the hands for whom it was meant. Studies conducted by the Planning Commission had shown that the Public Distribution System has become so inefficient that a major portion of the subsidized grains do not reach the targeted group and almost a third of it is siphoned off the supply chain. After Sonia Ji took command of the Congress Party she wanted the Government to devise a scheme whereby the benefits directly reach the common man. On the initiative of Sonia Ji the Government brought in the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme. Under the Direct Benefit Transfer program the entitlements and benefits are transferred directly to the beneficiaries. The beneficiaries could include widows, students and pension takers. This would be done through biometric-based Aadhaar-linked bank accounts. This would reduce several layers of intermediaries and delays in the system, cut down wastage, duplication and leakages and also enhance efficiency.On January 01, 2013, the Congress Government rolled out the Direct Benefit Transfer covering seven welfare schemes in 20 districts in 16 states. The programme covers schemes mostly related to student scholarships and stipends, the Indira Matrutva Yojna and the Dhanalakshmi schemes.like educational scholarship for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and pensions to widows. Food, fertilisers, LPG, diesel and kerosene would soon be added to this list. The programme is also aimed at cutting the massive subsidy bill of Rs 1,64,000 crore .FARM ERS LOAN WAIVER SCHEMEThe Congress party has always been concerned about the development and progress of the Rural India. Congress Party realized that inspite of a number of efforts by the Government the standard of living of the small and marginal farmers was not improving. Their debt was increasing day by day forcing some of them to commit suicide. Sonia Ji as President of the Congress Party persuaded the Government to come out with a Farmers Loan waiver scheme which will not only help the small and marginals to free themselves from the debt on their shoulders but would enable them to take positive steps for their development. Therefore the Government as per directions of Sonia Ji brought out an ambitious scheme which covered waiver of agricultural loans extended to ‘marginal and small farmers’ and ‘other farmers’ by Scheduled Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Cooperative Credit Institutions (including Urban Cooperative Banks) and Local Area Banks. This cost the Government Rs 71,600 Crores and benefitted more than four crore farmers. On the suggestion of Sh. Rahul Gandhi Ji the scheme was extended to cover farmers in drought prone areas covered under the Prime Minister’s Relief Plan.GREAT VISION & GROWTH RESULTSIt is because of the progressive policies of the Congress Party, its vision, foresightedness this all round Development of the Country has been possible. It is in every sphere of life whether it is infrastructure, health development, education, Agriculture, Consumer goods, industrial goods, Computers or Soft ware we witness a remarkable growth. Unfortunately we have not been able to highlight these achievements which has placed India on the world map. We are recognized as a Power. The Opposition Parties are the only one who do not see this progress. Guided by their selfish interest, narrow vision and fault finding habit they find fault in everything we do. They by repeatedly telling lies one after another try to mislead the ordinary man. The ordinary man is not able to distinguish between right and wrong.The Opposition Parties in India lack vision, foresightedness, development programmes and policies. They are in reactionary and disruptive politics. Whenever Elections are round the corner they indulge in malicious campaign, rake up communal feelings, talk about mandir majid , organize demonstrations on trival issues, disrupt Parliament, let it not function, prevent Government from bringing progressive Bills like Food and Security Bill, FDI, Nuclear Bill, Land Acquisition Bill, Women Reservation Bill etc. They are not concerned with the welfare of the masses, they are not concerned with the progressive steps of the Government which will benefit millions of people of the country. Their sole aim is to put obstacles in the path of the Congress Party/ Government and to create an atmosphere which would disrupt the peace and integrity of the country. We should not be silent spectators. Time has come when the Party needs to have a well defined Policy to counter the false propaganda all such moves.