Notice, Waiver, Limitation Of Liability And Warranty: Fill & Download for Free

The typical clauses which are used in a distributorship agreement are-Title and RecitalParties to the AgreementRecitalAppointment of DistributorAppointmentExclusivity (i.e. whether exclusive or non-exclusive)Term of AppointmentTerritory/Geographical Limit (if any)Legal RelationshipRights and ObligationsResponsibilities of ManufacturerResponsibilities of DistributorPayment and Taxes; Profit Sharing/MarginConfidential InformationIntellectual Property RightsRepresentations & WarrantiesIndemnity and Limitation of LiabilityTerminationTermination for CauseTermination for ConvenienceDispute ResolutionGeneral ProvisionsAmendmentAssignmentCounterpartsEntire AgreementEquitable ReliefForce MajeureGoverning Law & JurisdictionWaiverNoticesSeverabilitySurvival

Each Purchase Order placed by buyer for goods and/or services is subject to certain standard purchase terms and the terms of the applicable Purchase Order, and is conditional upon Supplier’s agreement to such terms. Depending on the type of business and the industry, they may vary.A general outline of the components of a purchase order are as follows:1. Definitions: Definition of all the major legal terms used in Terms & Conditions2. Agreement: The Agreement consists only of:(a) these Standard Purchase Terms;(b) the applicable Purchase Order; and(c) any Specifications or other documents expressly referenced in the Purchase Order.3. Delivery of Goods & Services: Terms related to packing, loading and delivery of goods/services along with the documentation requirement on different stages of delivery. This may also include T&C related to the timeline of delivery in accordance with the due delivery date. The transfer of ownership (title & risk) should also be mentioned here.4. Inspection; Acceptance and Rejection: This section included T&C regarding the Inspection period and process, acceptance or rejection process (for example, timeline for rejection notice). Also, the return policy for the rejected goods/services in terms of payment, timeline for return, etc.5. Price/Payment Terms: Pricing process and credit policy are a part of this section.6. Taxes: Taxes to be levied and payment of the same according to the governing policies in the region.7. Hazardous Material: In this section, mention terms related to the fulfilling the applicable law in relation to hazardous items which includes any packing, loading and unloading have proper, adequate and appropriate training, instruction, supervision and personal protection equipment.8. Legal Compliance; Workplace Safety: Legal compliances in relation to obtain all applicable permits, licences, exemptions, consents and approvals.9. Warranties: Product Warranty, Service Warranty, Intellectual Property Warranty, Manufacturer Warranty10. Warranties Remedies: Terms related to breach of warranties and event flow thereafter.11. Intellectual Property Rights: The permission to a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual license to use, copy, modify and distribute any intellectual property which is a part of the deliverables as per the agreement.12. Confidentiality: Confidentiality clauses13. Insurance: Insurance cover, expenses beyond the cover and the party responsible for the payment of the same.14. Indemnities: Indemnification clauses of the supplier and the purchaser and other involved parties.15. Limitation of Liability: Conditions that limit the liability of expenses against certain risks.16. Independent Contractors:Clauses regarding the supplier not being employees, agents, partners, fiduciaries, or joint venturers of the buyer.17. Severability: Severability clauses in part or full.18. Waiver: Rules for waiver of the provisions of the agreement19. Governing Law: Mention all the governing and applicable laws for the agreement.

The VCs (Paul Cohn and Imran Ghory) are telling you to avoid ‘non-standard’ terms. Let me translate that for you: roll over and accept the terms in the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA) model legal documents.That might be good advice if your business plan requires burning lots of cash. If you can muster the patience to build what Prof. John W. Mullins calls a customer-funded business, you can reject the provisions of the NVCA model legal documents that are not founder-friendly.As Mullins writes in The Customer-Funded Business, “Making do with the probably modest amounts of cash your customers will give you enforces frugality, rather than waste… and will force you to run your business better.” Customer-funded companies have the option to leave VCs at the negotiating table. They can walk away and grow organically until they command investment terms in line with the Founder Friendly Standard. This answer is for lean startups and bootstrappers.Comparing the NVCA model legal documents to the Founder Friendly Standard.David S. Rose says NVCA model legal documents are very time-consuming and expensive to negotiate and document.[1] The NVCA model legal documents include 18 agreements. To write this answer, my associate, Josh Mathews, and I reviewed the following six (“NVCA Docs”):NVCA Voting AgreementNVCA Term SheetNVCA Stock Purchase AgreementNVCA Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale AgreementNVCA Investor Rights AgreementNVCA Certificate of IncorporationI’m going to start with the Founder Friendly Standard, which is simple, and compare the NVCA Docs to it.Section 1.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Individuals who work for the company and are instrumental in its inception (“Founders”) receive a class of equity such as Common Stock which provides no less than twenty-four (24) votes to one (1) vote of stock held by investors or employees.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 1.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Article FOURTH (A)(2) of NVCA Certificate of Incorporation says that Common Stock holders are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock at meetings of stockholders. Common Stock holders can’t vote on issues solely affecting/reserved to Preferred Shareholders. These can potentially include issues such as voting on a director, allowing for conversion of shares, and receiving preferred dividend payments, among others.Section 1.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Investors receive a class of equity such as Class A Preferred Stock which will have one vote per share with a higher par value justified by a liquidation preference.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 1.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard. The NVCA Certificate of Incorporation Article FOURTH (B)(2) provides that Preferred Shareholders have a liquidation preference, Article FOURTH (B)(3) of the same document provides that voting is done as a single class. Why this does not meet Section 1.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard is NVCA Docs provide the option for investors to elect two members of a five-person board. This would give investors a type of super-voting equity, not one vote per share.Section 1.3 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Employees and contractors receive a class of equity such as Class B Common Stock which carries one vote per share and does not have a liquidation preference.NVCA Docs do meet Section 1.3 of the Founder Friendly Standard. In the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement, Section 2.2 (b) provides for a stock option plan, under which “officers, directors, employees and consultants” may be issued shares of Common Stock. There is no separate ‘Class B’ for employees/contractors, but according to Section FOURTH, (A)(1) of the NVCA Certificate of Incorporation, common stock does carry one vote per share, and liquidation rights are subject to qualified rights of Preferred Shareholders.Section 1.4 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:The first board consists only of Founders. The term of the board is one year. After the first year, a new board is elected by the equity holders at the annual meeting. Board decisions are made by a majority vote of the board. Board members cast no more than one vote each on any decision. Board committees are disallowed for at least the first two (2) years.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 1.4 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Section 1.2 of the NVCA Voting Agreement provides the option to select the number of directors that the Board will consist of. Though optional, the NVCA Docs suggest that the Board initially consists of five directors, two of which are designated by investors.Section 1.5 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:New equity of any kind, including stock option pools, dilutes all equity holders equally. Therefore, no investor in the company has anti-dilution rights of any kind.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 1.5 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Subsection 4.4.4 of the NVCA Certificate of Incorporation provides for anti-dilution rights. There are two options provided, including a broad and narrow option, i.e. a “broad-based weighted average” anti-dilution provision and a “full ratchet” anti-dilution option.Section 2.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Founders agree in writing they will give and receive performance reviews at the end of each fiscal quarter for the first four (4) years.NVCA Docs do not address section 2.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard.Section 2.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Sweat equity vests each month over a period of four (4) years with a one (1) year vesting cliff. Vesting begins on the date shares are issued.NVCA Docs do meet Section 2.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Section 5.3 of the NVCA Investor Rights Agreement suggests a 4-year vesting term with 1-year vesting cliff. This is required not only for sweat equity but for “all future employees and consultants.”Section 2.3 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Founders keep all information confidential and assign the company all intellectual property created within the scope of their work for the company.NVCA Docs do meet Section 2.3 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Section 2.19 of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement says current and former employees, consultants, and officers of the Company represent they’ve executed confidentiality agreements. Furthermore, Section 2.8 of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement provides that the Company represents that all “employees and consultants have assigned all intellectual property rights.” Key Employees also must not have excluded works or inventions from their assignment of inventions. However, the term “Founder” is not used in the NVCA Docs, so it may be important to note that there is the possibility for a founder to fall through the cracks of this Standard if they do not fit into one of the above-stated categories, such as an “employee, consultant, or officer.”Section 2.4 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Due to potentially devastating tax consequences, the company tells individuals receiving sweat equity in the United States to consult with a tax professional about making an election under Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Founders who live or pay taxes outside the United States are similarly advised to consult tax professionals about applicable local and national taxes.NVCA Docs do meet Section 2.4 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Section 2.22 of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement provides a representation by the company that all elections and notices for 83(b) have been or will be filed. However, there is no recommendation for individuals to consult any tax professional regarding 83(b) elections.Section 2.5 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Non-compete restrictions only apply to employee or independent contractor agreements and do not survive termination. The company’s bylaws and other investor agreements are either silent on the issue of non-competition or expressly allow competition.NVCA Docs do meet Section 2.5 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Under Section 2.19 of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement, all key employees must sign a non-solicitation (and non-compete is bracketed as optional); this meets Founder Friendly Standard. It is worth noting that Section 2.11(b) of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement requires that the Company must represent that “no officers, directors, or employees, or respective spouses, children, or affiliates” are engaged in relationships with the Company's competitors up to the time of closing the investment transaction; it is not express language that prevents competition moving forward.Section 3.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:For at least the first two (2) years of operations, the company will not agree to pay the legal expenses of any investor as a condition of investment.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 3.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Section 6.8 of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement provides that the Company pays the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for the lead purchaser, up to a capped amount. Under Section 5.8 of the NVCA Investor Rights Agreement, in the event of a sale of the Company, the expenses for investor counsel is to be borne by the Company.Section 3.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:For at least the first two (2) years of operations, the company does not agree to binding arbitration with any investor.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 3.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Section 6.16 of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement provides for:The option of courts in a particular jurisdiction,Or two options for arbitration, using AAA or DRAA rules, both of which include binding provisions with no two-year prohibition.Under the DRAA alternative, there is the option to remove the waiver of the right to appeal.There is no distinction made between investors or founders.Section 3.3 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:For at least the first two (2) years of operations, the company does not agree to binding arbitration with any Founder.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 3.3 of the Founder Friendly Standard. Section 6.16 of the NVCA Stock Purchase Agreement, Section 6.4 of the NVCA Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement, Section 6.11 of the NVCA Investor Rights Agreement, and Section 7.16 of the NVCA Voting Agreement, all provide for:The option of courts in a particular jurisdiction,Or two options for arbitration, using AAA or DRAA rules, both of which include binding provisions with no two-year prohibition.Under the DRAA alternative, there is the option to remove the waiver of the right to appeal.There is no distinction made between investors or founders.Section 4.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:Upon any transfer or sale of Founders’ super-voting equity, the portion of equity transferred converts to the class of equity described in Section 1.3. This also includes any transfer to a Founder’s estate, spouse, or heirs.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 4.1 of the Founder Friendly Standard. There is no super-voting equity provided for in the NVCA Docs; and as such, there is no conversion mechanism, as provided for and in accordance with the Founder Friendly Standard.Section 4.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard says:The company has the right of first refusal on any transfer or sale of equity for up to forty-five (45) days, but it cannot veto a transfer or sale. This provision is void after a company’s stock is listed on a public exchange such as the NASDAQ, OTCBB, New York Stock Exchange, etc.NVCA Docs do not meet Section 4.2 of the Founder Friendly Standard. While Section 2.1(b) of the NVCA Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement does provide the Company with the first right of refusal for up to 45 days, Section 3.3 of the same agreement says equity cannot be transferred to (a) an entity which directly or indirectly competes with the Company, in the Board’s discretion; or (b) any customer, distributor, or supplier of the company if the Board determines it would put the Company at a competitive disadvantage. Section 3.2 of the same agreement provides that this right of first refusal shall not apply to the sale of stock to the public in an IPO.Should I accept a venture capital deal that isn’t founder-friendly?NVCA Docs meet only five of the issues addressed by Founder Friendly Standard (sections 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5). NVCA Docs conflict with nine of the issues (sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, and 4.2) and are silent on one issue (section 2.1). Nearly all the issues carry long-term ramifications.Signing an investor-friendly angel investment or venture capital deal can ultimately result in you getting fired from your own company. Investors fire founders more often than you think. It happened to Steve Jobs at Apple, Sean Parker at Plaxo, and the people who wrote Founder Friendly Standard.Whatever agreement you sign today will be following you into the future. If you’ve built a customer-funded business, you should delay investment until you can get terms that you’re comfortable living with.If your Texas-based startup has received a term sheet from an investor and you’d like to talk through the issues, visit our law firm’s website at https://www.fultonstrahan.com* Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: Keith Strahan and Josh Mathews (“Authors”) are not providing any financial, economic, legal, accounting, or tax advice or recommendations on this site. Although Authors are attorneys licensed in Texas, the information contained on this site was prepared for general information purposes only, does not constitute research, advice, or a recommendation from Authors to the reader and is not a substitute for personalized financial or legal advice. Neither Authors nor any of their affiliates make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the statements contained on this site. Authors and their affiliates expressly disclaim any liability (including any direct, indirect, or consequential loss or damages) for all posts and their content.Footnotes[1] Are there any standard contract templates that investors and founders can use for startup funding?