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By this question, I believe, you are trying to know about the contribution of the Bengali people who are spread over West Bengal and Bangladesh.The contribution of the Bengali people to the world is immenseLet me start with the ‘Bungalow’ - this word is a derivation from Bangla and is used to depict isolated Bengali style single storey houses with wide verandas.The English merchants who had come to Bengal in the 16–17 century carried the design to various parts of the world. Bungalows are now a sign of prestige and aristrocracyAbove image shows a Bungalow in Houston USMuslin cloth was supposed to be the epitome of textile weaving. Muslin derives its name from the town Mosul in the middle east where the Europeans first came it contact with this cloth from Arab traders. The finest Muslin was woven in Dhaka ( now in Bangladesh erstwhile part of Bengal). Dhakai jamdani muslin, was such a fibe cloth that it used to adorn Mughal and Europran royals.Bengali weaver weaving Muslin clothMary Antoinette in Muslin clothBengal, specially the part which is now in Bangladesh, is a land of rivers, rivulets and marshes. People is these parts use a shallow bottomed light weight boat called the ডিঙি (Dingi). European traders especially the English carried the concept and these type of boats are now used as lifeboats, rubber boats ( rubber dingis) etc.Bengali polymath, physicist, archaelogist, Sir JC Bose was the first person in the world to have proved that plants have life. Not limiting himself to botany Sir Bose pioneered in the field of microwave and radio optics. IEEE names him as the father of radio science.Sir JC Bose delivering lecture at the Sorbonne University, ParisPadmabibhusan scientist Sri Satyen Bose is amongst the very few perosons who can boast of a research paper being translated by Albert Einstein and published in prestigious Zeitschrift für Physik. Bose’s work seminal work on Quantum Statistics led to the formulation of the Bose-Einstein condensate. Boson or the supposedly God particle is also named after Satyen Bose.Stamp commemorating Satyen BoseRadhanath Sikdar was a brilliant mathematician working in Trignometric Survey of India in 1831. The height of Peak XV was measured by Mr Sikdar and was found to be the highest mountain peak in the world and was named Mt Everest ( Everest being Sikdar’s superior)One of Bengal’s biggest contributions to the humanity is Swami Vivekananda; the monk who brought Hinduism for the world to reckon. Swami Vivekananda, monk, philosopher and humanitarian helped the world understand India in a better way.Death is not extinguishing the light; it is only putting out the lamp because the dawn has comeThe above lines are from Asia’s first Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. The man whose poems have become the national anthems of two countries ( India & Bangladesh) and has inspired the national anthem of the third ( Srilanka) has also single handedly built the Visva-Bharati university.Tagore - an instituion unto himself had a great influence on the Bengal School of Art. The Bengal school which comprised of some of the greatest names in the world of art like Nandalal Bose, Jamini Roy, Abanindranath Tagore, produced some of the best paintings that India could give to the world.Some famous paintings by the scions of Bengal SchoolThe Visva-Bharati - university with a difference. When the world was going towards regimented schooling Tagore broke the mould by establishing a university which didnot have any boundary walls, where the syllabus was very open and classes were conducted in open air, under trees in the lap of nature. Many institutions, the world over have been influenced by this approach to teachingClasses going on at Visva-BharatiAnother Nobel laureate from Bengal who holds beacon to welfare & development economics is Amartya Sen. Sen, a Bharat Ratna awardee has made immense contribution to the field of economics all over the world.Amatya Sen with Barack ObamaIndia’s answer to the greatest in world of cinema is Bharat Ratna - Satyajit Ray. Ray’s films are human documents and has been seen all over the world. Ray had received the academy award for life time achievement and was also conferres] the Legion-d-honor (the greatest civilian honor from France)Ray getting the Legion-de-honor award from Pres. Francois Mitterand who came to Calcutta to present this awardDr Subhash Mukhopadhyay pioneered the concept of Test tube baby in India. Due to severe govt apathy Mukhopadhyay was not able to win the Nobel prize. His procedure of making in-vitro fertilization is being followed by the rest of the worldThe Dancing God - Uday Shankar ( Padmabibhusan, Sangeet Natak Academy awardee) - was known throughout the world for his fusion of Indian dance forms with European theatre. Uday Shankar’s brother was the great sitar maestro Bharat Ratna Pt Ravishankar. With his haunting melodies Pt Ravishankar created magic for his listners. Panditji took Indian classical to the world. The Beatles, especially Lenon and George Harrison were amongst his disciples.Uday Shankar - the dancing GodPt Ravishankar with the BeatlesRare, in history, has been a person who have had such impact and influence in the alleviation of povertyNobel laureate Md Yunus and his Grameen Bank with their pioneering concept of micro finance and micro credit has helped improve the lives of millions in Bangladesh. These concepts are now being implemented in the developing countries to help the poor have a better living.Now a mystery that will help Feluda to use his mogojastroWhats the connection between Amitrakhor chondo and a 8 grand slam titles in doubles and mixed doubles…Any idea??Tennis ace, winner of 8 doubles and 10 mixed doubles titles Leander Paes is a direct descendent of famous poet Michael Madhusudan Dutt. Leander brought accolades and honor to the countryA scientist, an enterpreneur, best selling author, philanthropist and has a whole school named after him at the University of California… Manilal Bhaumik first demonstrated the use of eximer laser to the world. A genius and a billionaire Manilal Bhowmik who hailed from a small village near Tamluk now teaches the world about the connection between science and spiritualityThanks for the comments and upvotes -( I have received many comments on the rationale for inclusion of Bangladesh in my list of notables and noteworthy as the question was specifically about contributions of West Bengal. I appreciate your point of view.But as you will observe, the cream de la cream of scientists were either born in places which are now in Bangladesh, were educated from universities and had done some notable work/ research while they were in the now Bangladesh part. That is why I have taken ‘Bengali’ people and not confined my post to West Bengal only. At the same time I accept that my post doesnot cater much to present day contribution of people from Bangladesh)There are quite a few personalities whom I missed in the initial post…Indrajal - Indian MagicJadukar PC Sorkar took Indian magic to the world. His floating lady was a favorite of audiences. Sorkar performed in many countries the world over and was awarded the coveted Sphinx Award in the US ( Oscar of Magic).GOI postage stamp commemorating PC SorkarAs can be observed, ‘MD’ in the above diagram stands for Mohalanabis Distance - A statistical function named after the Father of Statistics Padmavibhusan Prshanta Chandra Mohalanabis, OBE. In the words of famous American statistician Harold Hotelling No technique of random sample has, so far as I can find, been developed in the United States or elsewhere, which can compare in accuracy with that described by Professor Mahalanobis. Mahalanobis’ principles and techniques are being used world wide in marketing, crop predictions and in software.Nominated for the Nobel prize in physics for the years 1930, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1951 and 1955. Seminal work on astrophysics, built India’s 1st cyclotron machine and developed Indian Institute of Science. Meghnad Saha may have missed the Nobel prize but the Saha Equation is used by astrophysicists world wide to understand the extent of ionization of the different elements of a starStamp commemorating Meghnad SahaThere are only a few scientists who have the honor of having a portion of the Moon named after them. Sisir Kumar Mitra is one among those. Considered to be the doyen of radio science, Mitra is known for his seminal work on the ionosphere, which plays a major role in long-distance radio communication.Crater of the moon named after Sisir Kumar Mitraআমার ভাই এর রক্তে রাঙানো একুশে ফেব্রুঅরি / অমি কি ভুলতে পারি( 21st February is colored with the blood of my brother…can I forget that)One of Bengal’s greatest contribution to the world is 21st February…the International Mother Language DayThe year was 1952. Pakistan, was geographically divided into East Pakistan ( now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, but was a single nation. An opressive and brutal military regime of West Pakistan wanted to crush the Bengali language and culture in the erstwhile East Pakistan. They declared Urdu as the national language for East Pakistan.Dhaka University students had gathered to protest against this imposition of Urdu on the Bengali population. Police fired and killed many unarmed students. This led to tremendous protest by the general population and the shut down of Dhaka. Protests continued and ultimately the authority had to accept the demand of the local population and reinstated Bengali.UNESCO and later UN General Assembly recognised this supreme sacrifice of a people for their language and made 21st February the International Mother Language Day.Bengal’s tryst with a SuperheroThe first comic strip of Phantom was published in February 1936 as The Singh Brotherhood. Did you know that the home of Phantom was ‘Bengali’ - a place in AsiaBut alas, that place got changed to Bengalla - a place in Africa in the 1950s, though the connection of Bengal - Bengali and Bengala remained…Beautiful Bengal..a part of the world which is bound by the sea in the south and the mighty Himalayas in the North has two wonderful UNESCO World Heritage Sites.The Dargeeling Himalayan Railway passes through some of the most magnificinet scenaries while travelling from Siliguri to Darjeeling. A folklore of sorts, used as a backdrop in many movies, travelling on the World Heritage DHR is a journey to relish for tourists.And nestled besides the tracks of the DHR are tea gardens which produce some of the highest quality tea in ths world.Below is a tweet from PM Shri Narendra ModiMakaibari Tea…a drink for the Queen..a treat from BengalAnother World Heritage site is the Sunderbans…the beautiful jungle, spread over West Bengal and Bangaldesh…Tha Sunderbans - a place of the Royal Bengal Tiger -who are maneaters, the crocodile and shark in the riverlets who gnash and tear their hunts, highly poisonous snakes stay hidden on the forest floors.. is also a place of unrivalled mystical beautyVarious images of the Sunderbans.How does the world reduce its poverty? The answer lies in Abhijit Banerjee's ‘experimental approach to alleviating global poverty’. South Point School - Presidency College - JNU alumnus, Mr Banerjee used randomized control trials to determine the effect of govt schemes on improvement of people's lives. Many state govts of India, and many countries all over the world have used Mr Banerjee's algorithms to alleviate poverty.And by the way… Abhijit Banerjee is also a Nobel Laureate in Economics.Abhijit Banerjee at the Nobel Lecture.Radha Binod Pal, now obscure in the national memory but had a tremendous influence on the world affairs.During the war crime tribunals at Tokyo after the end of 2nd World War, Mr Pal was the only jurist who spoke in favour of the Japanese and suggested that the defendents were not guilty.In 2007, on a visit to India, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe paid tribute to Pal, who died in 1967, in an address to the Parliament.Shrine in the memory of Radha Binod Pal in Tokyo.Much before the Indra Nooyis and Sundar Pichais there was another Indian - A Bengali, who ruled the business world…at least its business consulting avatar.Meet Mr Rajat Kumar Gupta, the first foreign born director of the consulting firm McKinsey. Gupta is widely regarded as one of the first Indians to successfully break through the proverbial glass ceiling, as the first Indian-born CEO of a multinational corporation. It was under Rajat Gupta's stewardship that McKinsey became the global giant what it is today. A philanthropist Gupta is also credited for the being the founder of one other top B-Schools of the world the ISB Hyderabad.Born in Calcutta in 1948 and an alumnus of IIT Delhi and Harvard Business School, it is interesting to note that Rajat Gupta's autobiography is titled on a poem of Tagore…

I think you mean parliamentary system in India.Our constitutional framers adopted a parliamentary system of democracy (Articles 79-122 Constitution of India)based on the British parliament. That is why it is called the ‘’Westminister’’ model of parliamentary system.Our parliament has two houses upper house and lower house. Most democratic systems around the world has two houses in their respective legislatures. In England it is the House of the Lords and the House of the Commons . In India we have the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. Here Rajya Sabha or the Council of States is the upper house of the Union Parliament and the Lok Sabha or House of the people is the lower house. This system in which the parliament or the legislature has two houses is called a bicarmel system.The Rajya Sabha has a fixed number of seats of 250 members in which 12 are nominated by thePresident of India from the feild of science, literature, Art and Social service. 238 members are representatives of states and union territories. Among the 238 seats election is done in one third seats every two years and the term is for period of 6 years. Common people cannot cast their votes but it is done by an electoral collegium of members of state legislatives assembly . The Vice -President of India is the chairman of Rajya Sabha and a deputy chairman is one of the members of the Rajya Sabha .The Lok Sabha is a popular house and we elect its members every 5 years. The speaker and deputy speaker of the Lok Sabha are elected by the members among themselfs. The President of India with the aid and advice of the council of miniters headed by the prime minister who has majority support in the Lok Sabha can dissolve the lower house.If the President doesnot dissolve the Lok Sabha prematurely then it is automatically dissolved on the completion of 5 year term. Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and cannot be dissolved.Modern democratic systems accecpts the principle of seperation of power. It means no one shall enjoy the power to make law, execute the law and to define the law at the same time. The power to make laws (legislate) belongs to the parliament . The power to execute the law made by the parliament and thus rule belong to the Union executive ie, the council of ministers headed by the Prime minister. The power to define the law belongs to the Judiciary.These three organs of the government are supposed to be independent of each other and act on its own accord as per the constitution.However the President is the nominal executive. That means the union executive has two forms one is nominal executive ie, The President and the real executive ie, the Council of ministers headed by the Prime minister. The President has to act according to aid and advice of the Council of ministers. That makes the President ths head of the executive and also the nation.So there is no clear head for the parliament. The Lok Sabha has Speaker and the Rajya Sabha has vice President as the respective head. But if we take the parliament as a whole there is no specific head. The Prime minister is the head of the ruling government at that time only and not the head of the parliament. And if we take the nation as a whole which has a parliamentary democratic system of governance then the President is the head .

Far from being incorruptible, Narendra Modi is neck deep in corruption. Crony Capitalism is his model — be it in Gujarat, or now nationally. The favours he gives to a handful of industrialists are duly returned in the form of election funds, which in turn Modi uses for massive PR and self-promotion. Sadly, the people of India do not realise this.KG basin scamIn 2005, Narendra Modi, then Gujarat Chief Minister, announced that Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd. has discovered India’s largest gas reserves in the KG basin worth 2,20,000 crores and that GSPC would spend 1,500 crores and begin commercial production of this gas in 2007.It borrowed 19,716 crores until March 31, 2015, but the production has not started yet.Modi & AdaniLet’s begin with the scam involving Modi’s friend's, the Adani Group.The state government in 2004 allotted land to the entrepreneur for the Mundra Port and SEZ at Re. 1 per square meter, a rate much lower than the market rate.Favours to L&TModi’s love for capitalists was seen again in 2005 when Rs. 80 lakh of undue benefits were given to L&T in allotment of land in Vadodara for the establishment of a technology park.Imagine, even the national security was compromised in 2008 when around 40,000-hectare land near the Pakistan border was allotted on lease to Archean chemicals at a nominal price of Rs. 150 per hectare for 10 years.TataNext, comes Modi’s favours done to the Tata Group. Tata Motors got a benefit of Rs. 33,000 crore when the state government allotted 1100 acres of land near Sanand to set up Tata Nano Plant at a rate of Rs. 900 per square meter against a much higher market rate of Rs. 10,000 per square meter.In 2011, the then revenue minister of the state, Anandiben Patel allowed Indigo Refinery to sell two lakh square meters of land in Kutch to another business firm, which was otherwise allotted to set up an industry.Nalia scamThe very latest being the 2017 Nalia scam, where a 19-year-old woman was gang-raped by her employer, Shantilal Solanki, who is also the convenor of the OBC cell of BJP unit for Abdasa taluka of Kutch district. The woman said she is only one of the many victims of a sex racket.Is this the reason you launched ‘Beti Bachao’ program Modi ji?Modi & Modi Co.Let’s come to Rajasthan and the one who shares his surname with Modi. Yes, you guessed it right, the very famous Mr. Lalit Modi. Congress’ effort of revoking Lalit Modi’s passport went all in vain when in August 2011, BJP leader Vasundhara Raje signed a document supporting his application to the British authorities to ensure his stay there.This came after Lalit Modi challenged Congress’ decision in the Delhi High Court, the team of lawyers which presented his arguments included Sushma Swaraj’s daughter Bansuri Swaraj as well.Vijay Mallya's escapeHow can one forget liquor baron Vijay Mallya and the soft-corner BJP has for him.In March 2016, Mallya managed to flee the country despite CBI’s look-out notices. He owed Rs. 9000 crore to Indian banks.Vasundhara Raje government of Rajasthan in 2014 signed contracts of allocating land for mining worth over Rs. 45,000 crores without following procedures for auction.MGNREGS scamLokayukta has accused the BJP state administration of trying to save four IAS officers involved in the 2007-10 MGNREGS scam in Haryana’s Ambala between 2007-10.Yeddyurappa scamYear by year, Karnataka has been a victim of scams be it the 2009-10 mining scam, 2011 land scam or 2012 land scam, involving BJP’s YS Yeddyurappa in the first two scams and DV Sadananda Gowda in the last one. Even Uttarakhand could not save itself from the corrupt shadow of BJP. BJP’s former CM Ramesh Pokhriyal was involved in a land scam worth Rs. 400 crore in 2010. He again came under fire in the same year for changing the land use of Citurgia Biochemicals Limited at Rishikesh for the Rs 400 crore Rishikesh housing project developed by Sturdia Developers.Starting from 2013, the scams stretch till 2016, the last one involving then Goa chief minister Laxmikant Parsekar’s brother-in-law Dilip Malvankar, who was arrested while allegedly accepting a bribe to allot a plot in Tuem Industrial Estate.The other scams include the 2013 Building scam, 2014 GSIDC Contractor scam, 2014 GSIDC Consultant scam, 2014 IFFI Mega scam, 2015 Defence Expo scam and 2015 Housing loan scam.Another such scam involving compromising national security came to fore in Assam in during 2006-09.North-east scamsFormer rebels-turned-BJP leaders Jewel Garlosa and Niranjan Hojai, who were the leaders of now-disbanded militant group Dima Halam Daogah (DHD-J), were awarded life imprisonment (May 2017) in a case where crores of rupees of government funds were siphoned to fund military activities in North Cachar Hills district.Believe it or not, around 1000 crore rupees were diverted to the DHD-J for procurement of arms and ammunitions to wage a war against India. Yes, you read it right, against India. Unbelievable, isn’t it?Arunachal Pradesh was also struck by the epidemic of corruption when the Kameng Hydro Electric Project scam erupted in 2015.A report by PSU’s chief vigilance officer named Kiren Rijiju, his cousin and several top officials of North Eastern Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO) alleging corruption in the construction of two dams for the 600 MW Kameng Hydro Electric Project.VyapamMadhya Pradesh, the heart of India, was made heartless by the BJP when it left no stone unturned in snatching off our right to education.The much-talked about Vyapam scam is something everybody is well aware of. It is about the manipulation of the selection process for government colleges and jobs conducted by the Madhya Pradesh professional examination board (MPPEB) or Madhya Pradesh Vyavsayik Pariksha Mandal (Vyapam).MP former state technical education minister Laxmikant Sharma, a close companion of Shivraj Singh Chouhan was arrested. In 2015, another admission scam floated, in which BJP member Rajendra Singh’s name was associated with a Rs. 10,000 crore admission-related fraud.Again in 2017, a company having Zubin Irani, Smriti Irani’s husband, as a shareholder, allegedly grabbed a part of a school’s land in Bhopal.Land scamLet’s start from 2002. BJP leader forcibly purchased 5 acres of land from a Dalit farmer for Rs. 1.11 lakh on the pretext of setting up a sugar mill, which never came up.Pulses scamLokayukta served Food and Civil Supplies Minister a notice for not taking any action to curb price rise of toor dal and other pulses between April and November 2015, which resulted in the traders earning around Rs. 4,000 crores in excess.Chikki scamBJP minister Pankaja Munde was, in 2015, accused of involvement in a scam for awarding chikki contracts worth Rs. 206 crore for school children without inviting tenders.Take Home Ration scamThe 2016 Take Home Ration scam, once again involving Panka Munde, made the Bombay High Court striking down tenders worth Rs. 6300 crore for supplying Take Home Ration (THS) as supplementary nutrition at day care centers, observing it would create a monopoly for a handful of suppliers.2007 Chhattisgarh Chopper scamBJP has always ranted the much fabricated AgustaWestland VVIP chopper scam involving Congress, but forgot a similar scam haunting it, the 2007 Chhattisgarh Chopper scam.Documents uploaded on Swaraj Abhiyan’s website prove that the state government acquired an AgustaWestland helicopter in 2007 by paying over 30 per cent commission to a dealer ($1.57 million), through a tendering process that led to a single vendor situation just as in the VVIP chopper deal. They alleged that barely six months after all the payments were made, two companies with Raman Singh’s son, Abhishek Singh, as director sprung up in tax haven British Virgin Islands (BVI).In 2017, the officials issued about 4900 fake royalties on car and bike number plates in order to cover up illegal mining. On paper, these were actually supposed to be issued to trucks and tractors for sand mining. The mining department falls directly under Raman Singh.