Appendix B Safety Related Work Refusal Report & Tracking: Fill & Download for Free

Gujarat is getting water from Madhya Pradesh river Narmada which is sharing water resources as Gujarat is water deficit state.MP tiger recently and naturally migrated into Gujarat but they didn’t send lions. Guess what, they lost that tiger.During the thirteen days of Diwali the national park and the Gir Interpretation Centre saw over 70,000 visitors. The source has a point. Devaliya park saw over 6000 tourists on a single day on Sunday, November 11. The park had also recently introduced gipsy's to ferry tourists while an earlier only limited number of minibuses were allowed. This was done to cater to the tourist rush.Rampant permission in sand mining and timber collection illegally around gir periphery zone destroying corridors.Common sense and Indian Constitution law that “Nature belongs to the whole Earth's biosphere” and it belongs to world ethically and the country “legally”. Going against it is violation of laws and a offensive crime. Just because they conserved animals in a particular region doesn’t make them their “property”. No place has this type of monopoly like Gujarat. Lion is an Indian not a Gujarati, they even changed Asiatic/Indian Lion name to “Gir Lion” for tourism promotion instead of conservation.They even deleted ICMR report from their website of which gir lions are infected and affected with CDV in gir forest just because it recommended central govt’s MOEFCC and WII (NTCA) urgently or immediately to shift “some” healthy gir lions out of the state. Corrupt and devilish BJP Gujarat government.MP is not stealing anything in tourism revenue from Gujarat, MP State has lot bigger revenue in tourism industry for its various tiger reserves. So, they are not in an intention to get revenue here but only wants to help nature conservation in India and always looks to help other states. Tourism in Gujarat’s Gir won’t get reduced anyway.Atleast are they conserving “wild” lions well ? No. but, we should accept that they are very good at “increasing numbers” in Gir sanctuary (which is more like an artificial ecosystem than natural one).A depiction of Lion growling giiirrr…. instead of grrrr….. to let it go from the gir sanctuary to other areas like kuno and sita mata nature reserves etc..,Why Lions need to be relocated?Not to address that Lions of India only left in and around of Gir and Girnar hill system of Saurashtra, Gujarat which is a part of Kathiawar Peninsula.As they concentrated in one place instead of expanding their range (they are trying to find new forests of other states to perpetuate but are restricted and forcibly shifted back to Gujarat by Gujarat forest department).The effects that are Inbreeding (Gir Lions already undergone two founder’s effect one few thousands of years ago and another probably about a millennium ago; One bottle neck effect as “all are descendants” of less than 10 to 12 lions few centuries ago).Intense infighting like no other lion sub-population around the world due to high density of lions per km^2 as there is no where to go except villages, farms and wasteland. Lions are territorial animals (each male requires about 90 to 240 km2 area) and are dying regularly due to fights due to inadequate space or Protected area and prey. Gir Protected area (GPA) already reached carrying capacity many years ago… Nearly 60 % of Gir Lion population is outside the forest living in cities, villages, farms or crop fields, mills, towns and other revenue areas acc to report by WII and IUCN. So, understand the situation, their fate is not to live there like stray domestic cats, they are LIONS which need forests and Gujarat is not allowing that.This inbreeding depression leads to serious health problems, organ failures and somatic syndromes which decreases their rate of survival and longevity. They are “incesting” with their relatives continuously. No scope of Genetic variations, virility and vigor or genetic diversity or mutations which help them to adapt to environmental conditions which are changing. Low Immune response. Those lions are like genetic clones…And above all they live in only 20,000 km2 area in which their sub population is at risk of extinction due to any natural catastrophe or calamity and epidemics/Endemic diseases.Ex:Recently, 30 Lions died nearly in one swing due to outbreak of CDV and protozoal infection. The same happened in Ngorongoro crater Conservation Area and Serengeti of Africa in case of Lions on large scale where as in scale these happen time to time. These can be observed in captivity.This is not new even to gir, earlier there is PPR, pneumonia and other diseases that are registered. These also occur in Tigers, carnivores and other animals too but no animal is boxed in one place. Tigers are all over the subcontinent, even any population is extinct due to poaching or epidemic they can revived from other population as they will be safe and no risk to the “species”.Floods occurred in 2015, Numerous lions died. Forest fires and cyclones or civil war or International war in war prone area.Poaching of Lions is not uncommon but still exists in Gujarat’s Gir forest. Other animals are electrocuted, poisoned and live baited with diseased carcasses for lions and not to special mention for other animals which lion depends on. Hunting lions with gun culture when cattle depredation or man eating observed.Staging or manipulating / covering lion deaths due to people and lion conflict with shit reasons like infighting, snake bite and old age with the help of “paid” news or media channels by Gujarat govt in politics, Celebrating festivals like Lion-Human coexistence to deceive or disguise Gujarat people anger towards govt and lions.Trackers, guards and rangers (puggies); Tourist guides or gypsy drivers harassing lions to drive or direct them to tourist jeeps for guaranteed lion safari/sighting/glimpse by taking/bargaining/demanding extra money as bribe !!Illegal Lions shows, lion harassment, mowing with trains and vehicles in road and rail accidents, open well accidents.Intense competition with other predators like striped hyena, jackals, wolf, mugger, monitor lizard, Indian Rock Pythons, sloth bears and one of the highest leopard concentration on earth after Karnataka parks for limited prey, space and water.Habitat destruction with illegal sand and limestone mining or quarrying, timber or teak smuggling, Hunting for bush meat, infrastructure like hotels and lodges, high tourism or tourist activity, plastic pollution and air pollution. Constructing industries or factories, dams and “more” rail gauge or ways and “more” highways roads across forest which pollute and kill animals by accidents and deforestation. Also leaving them and other carnivores homeless and prey animals homeless and food-less altogether leading to low prey base.Animal parts like leopard & lion nails or claws, meat; teeth or bones, hide or skins etc.., to trade in International Black market or Mafia for CTM (Chinese Traditional Medicine).Occupying eco-sesnsitive areas or zones and “corridors” for human settlements, agriculture, cattle grazing by “Maldhari” tribe and locals, fodder and other forest products collection or harvesting inside sanctuary, heavy tribal population inside forest. Human-Animal conflict.There is immediate necessity to relocate them to new “homes”. Its always safe to have a 2, 3, 4 and 5th homes in advance as an insurance, genetic diversity improvement and spreading or distribution of species with meta populations or discrete populations in new environments and geographies.No matter how many lions living in Gujarat, if they are in one place, they will die even it has 500 or 1000 or 1500 or 3000 lions. Translocation is must to “save” them.If this continues, Indian lion population will be extinct in few years then we should do the same thing to resurrect like Cheetah Reintroduction. We should bring west/central african lion (Panthera leo leo) which are of same spp as Gir Lion to repopulate India. :/Sanju's answer to Can India bring cheetahs back to its forests?Government of Madhya Pradesh spent 1000′s of crores INR for the Lion Project and took instructions made by WII. Damn Gujarat’s politics and selfishness to maintain monopoly, brand on tourism income and sole member responsible to majestic Asiatic lions extinction to market them. Nature is treasure, heritage, asset and property of the “whole” nation not to a person or state.There is even huge and critical crisis the whole India is facing:Extinction of Indian Grasslands and scrublands and its biodiversity i.e.., various flora and fauna species are critically endangered…Why reintroduce the Lion to other states?Just as the tiger is the flagship species of the Forest and Jungle, the Lion is the flagship and keystone species of the grasslands, scrublands and open forests AKA savannas along with Great Indian Bustard, cheetah and wolf (& striped hyena too).Therefore, with the reintroduction of the Lion, these critically endangered Indian dryland ecosystems of India will have a chance to return to their natural state. Being a top carnivore with other predators like cheetah and wolf, the Lion is a major evolutionary force that shapes ecosystem functions and enhances species diversity. The Lion is part of our (Indian) heritage, culture and status.Indian Grasslands are always treated lowly by Indian government but for the first time, UPA or Congress govt introduced projects like Project Bustard, Cheetah and Lion by recognising ecological importance of Indian Savanna giving equal priority with already successful Project Tiger and Project Elephant which showed incredible effects in recovering Indian Jungles and Forests.India labelled grasslands as wastelands and revenue lands. Even they are not safe in Protected areas.What needs to be done to restore them?Reintroduction of apex predators and key stone species like Cheetah and Lion will show similar effects to Yellow stone Wolf Reintroduction and millions of these type of instances. The only member left is the Indian wolf which also lost most of its range and endangered.Grassland as critical habitats was first recognised by the National Forest Commission in 2003 and recommended protection of grasslands to protect wildlife and livestock by developing a centrally coordinated and funded scheme. The need for a policy on grasslands was identified in the Report of the Task Force on Grasslands and Deserts submitted in 2006 to the Planning Commission of India. The report had suggested special schemes for the conservation of grasslands and made the following recommendations:Formulate a National Grazing Policy to ensure the sustainable use of grasslands and biodiversity conservation. Modifications in the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) guidelines to include grasslands and deserts into ecologically-fragile and environmentally-sensitive areasStart Integrated Research and Development Programmes in the grasslands to understand the impact of climate change and land use practices on grasslandsStart centrally-sponsored Project Bustard and Project Snow Leopard initiatives considering that these are the critically endangered species surviving in grasslands.Include grasslands and desert ecosystems in Protected Area systemStart a separate division or section to look after grasslands issuesRegulation and protection of grasslandsAlthough grasslands have an important role to play in the rural economy and biodiversity conservation, it is shocking to know that there is still no policy in place to protect grasslands.The Task Force Report on Grasslands and Deserts in 2006 submitted to the Planning Commission of India aptly describes the precarious situation the grasslands are in. It states, “Grasslands are not managed by the forest department whose interest lies mainly in trees; not by the agriculture department who are interested in agriculture crops; nor the veterinary department who are concerned with livestock but not the grass on which the livestock is dependent. The grasslands are the ‘common’ lands of the community and are the responsibility of none. They are the most productive ecosystems in the subcontinent but they belong to all, are controlled by none, and they have no godfathers.”However, none of these recommendations have been implemented as yet. Experts feel that a good start would be to update this report and work on its recommendations on an urgent basis.State of grasslands in IndiaGrassland ecosystems continue to be one of the most neglected ecosystems in the country and are increasingly under threat of being exploited and destroyed for economic gains or being treated as wastelands. Many natural grasslands like wet grasslands of Terai and Shola grasslands of the Western Ghats, dry grasslands of Deccan are being converted to plantations even in Protected Areas (PAs). Anthropogenic pressures, land-filling, over grazing, habitat destruction or fragmentation, uncontrolled growth of invasive species and climate change are further increasing the threat to grasslands.Fauna and Avian Fauna found in the grasslandsIt was more than a century Lion ad Cheetah extinct in their most of range in India and resulting in cascade extinction of grassland flora and fauna biodiversity threatening an entire ecosystem of the subcontinent.Many rare species such as The Bengal Florican, One-horned Rhinoceros, Pygmy Hog, Hispid Hare, Wild Buffalo, Hog Deer, Swamp Deer in Terai grassland, Chinkara, Blackbuck, Indian Wolf, the Great Indian Bustard in dry, short grasslands, the Lesser Florican in monsoonal grasslands of western India, and the Nilgiri Tahr in the shola grasslands of the Western Ghats are some examples of animals and birds that thrive in the grasslands.The grasslands are under tremendous pressure from grazing and conversion endangering birds and wildlife. For example, besides tigers, the Great Indian Bustard is now on the brink of extinction while the Lesser Florican now survives only in scattered pockets due to the loss of grasslands.The grasslands are under tremendous pressure from grazing and conversion endangering birds and wildlife. For example, besides tigers, the Great Indian Bustard is now on the brink of extinction while the Lesser Florican now survives only in scattered pockets due to the loss of grasslands.It’ll show impact on Humans agriculture and animal Husbandry too !! effects Climate, Temperature, rainfall, natural and biochemical cycles and Environmental imbalance…Why are they considered to be crucial for the rural economy?In India grazing-based livestock husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy. Pasturelands over an area of 12Mha constitute the main grazing resources that are available (Roy and Singh, 2013). Nearly 30 pastoral communities in hilly or arid/semi-arid regions in the northern and western parts of India, as well as 20 in temperate/hilly regions, depend on grazing-based livestock production (Roy and Singh). The table provides a list of pastoral communities in the country that depend on grasslands for their livelihoods.Why are grasslands important?Grasslands provide vital ecosystem services such as water and climate regulation that support agriculture, biogeochemical cycling, carbon storage, cultural and recreational services. Besides these, they are important reservoirs of the crop gene pool and many of the crops like wheat, corn, rice and millets that support human survival have originated from grasslands. Grasslands also serve as a critical habitat for a range of plants and animals. Grasslands are made up of different varieties of grasses that vary regionwise depending on the climatic conditions, altitude, topography, soil moisture and soil depth that make them one of the most diverse ecosystems supporting a range of flora and fauna.Grasslands occupy nearly 24 percent of the geographical area in India.Are they different from forests?Yes. Grasslands occur where there is sufficient moisture for grass growth but where environmental conditions, both climatic and anthropogenic, prevent tree growth. They can, therefore, be called as ecosystems that occur in areas with low rainfall; somewhere in between deserts where there is very scanty rainfall and forests where there is plenty of rainfall.What are grasslands?Grasslands are highly dynamic ecosystems that include vegetation that is mainly dominated by grass or grass-like plants. These can be in the form of natural and semi-natural pastures, woodlands, scrub and steppe formations (Intermediate areas between forests and deserts made up of small grasses). The UNESCO defines grassland as “land covered with herbaceous plants with less than 10 percent tree and shrub cover” and "wooded grassland as 10-40 percent tree and shrub cover".Where do they occur?Grasslands occur where rainfall is usually low and/or the soil depth and quality is poor. Low rainfall prevents the growth of a large number of trees and shrubs in abundance but is sufficient to support the growth of grass cover during the monsoon. Low rainfall can also trigger droughts and fires that prevent the development of dense forests but grasses can survive fires and heat and their stems can grow again from where they have been burnt off. Many of the grasses dry up during the summer months while the grass cover grows back from the rootstock and the seeds of the previous year during the next monsoon. This change gives grasslands a seasonal appearance with periods of increased growth followed by a dormant phase.How Gujarat using to dodge Supreme Court Order?In April 2013, SC of India ordered both the Madhya Pradesh State and Gujarat State along with MOEFCC of Central government to translocate lions within 6 months.Gujarat petitioned many literally shit reasons to maintain monopoly.They are :Lion is Asmita of Gujarat. We won’t give it to others. (they literally violated SC decision and stated lion belongs to their state against “constitution” law and anti-nationalism, cornering them in one place is completely breaking wildlife conservation norms. Gujarat govt should be punished under Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, in Appendix I of CITES and as Endangered on IUCN for trying to restrict an endangered animal’s range like this)Gujarat Lions are safe. No need to relocate. (the decision whether they are safe are not, they need to be spread their range to maintain or restore Indian savanna to prevent any future consequences and no excuses about the safety of lions, they are vulnerable)Lion vs Tiger, Ranthambore ‘lions’, corridor block to Ranthambore tigers. (absurd, this is not captivity in which they forced and starved to fight in trapped enclosures. SC, NTCA, Experts all around the world are shouting that lions and tigers coexist. Kuno has low number of tigers (less than 10) as it is a gap of more than 120 km distance from kuno to Ranthambore NP, which is with highly damaged forest links with humans and villages. It is very difficult to travel hence kuno has low tigers. In those most are transient or wanderers which live temporary and all are males as females don’t travel long distances and those males for mates which they don’t get and only one male tiger T-38 living here for about 9 years till date. Even kuno is filled with tigers, there is no obstacle for lions)Gir is different and unique. (shit, EXPERTS and biologists finalized 4 sites outside Gujarat and 1 spot in Gujarat, Gir and all other places selected of the same ecoregion called Gir-Kathiwar ecoregion. Climate and Temperature, rainfall and humidity is all typical with gir in the whole eco region)We sent them before (they didn’t send to MP, only “3” lions were sent to UP’s Chandraprabha a tiny sanctuary of degraded which then has no rules and regulations for wildlife, not enough lions, no prey base at all, high human density and hunting for trophy and depredation of cattle and people, those lions are being captivity for long time, it’s quite opposite in kuno as it is more than manh times better than gir, one of the best sites for free ranging lions and the other case is african lions brought by gwalior king turned to man eaters and were shot shortly)MP is incapable (know about conservation history of MP(TIGER STATE) MP= Wildlife, “critically endangered rare hard ground swamp deer is conserved there in kanha and Bandhavgarh”, “tiger paradise and tiger state”, “pench”, “panna; nauradehi; Satpura - intrastate relocations, satkosia - interstate translocation”, “gaur-nilgai-blackbuck translocation”, “gave tigers to Gujarat”, “cheetahs also being translocated”, “Asian water buffalo from Assam, chattisgarh to kanha” and the list goes on. Poaching is universal but look how dedicated they are, they are the first to “completely shift villages out of natural reserves in kuno” and “nauradehi” and “declared kuno as NP”, “Ratapani also will be Tiger Reserve” and “Nauradehi will be NP too” and state with one of the highest forest cover in the country)Look for a place where there’s no tiger (good tactic to stick lions to their state, is there any place in Indian lion historic range where there is no tiger except Gujarat (even gujarat has tigers now), yes there is barda. what’s the difference of living in gir and barda? not to mention barda is lowest rank in status, ridiculously low in area and worser than gir. Both are same and connected but it will help them to extend range but not save them from extinction. Ok there are countries where there are no tigers in lion historic range like Iran. did they give them lions when they asked in exchange with cheetahs? nope)38 IUCN studies (Gujarat is dragging the project to halt by hurdling in those 38 IUCN studies to be completed which takes long time for some "11" of those remaining to be done and most of them are "completed" and neither IUCN nor SC opposed or said those are "must" to be done before or during Project and for that SC said to shift "within 6 months" after decisive order.For that, No such "38 STUDIES OF IUCN are done in "BARDA" but govt like to and preparing to translocate lions there coz it is "in their state".After exhausting its legal options, Gujarat insisted on completing over 30 studies as per the relocation guideline of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) before releasing lions. While the IUCN "suggests" the studies, these are not mandatory pre-conditions for relocation.Even as the expert committee held its first meeting, Gujarat filed a review petition which was dismissed in October 2013. The state went ahead with a curative petition which was also rejected by the Supreme Court in August 2014.In fact, records show all members of the expert committee, except the representative of the Gujarat forest department, held that certain studies could continue in parallel to the process of translocation of lions. But Gujarat refused to budge. The Environment ministry also got cold feet. At its sixth meeting on December 19, 2016, the SC-appointed expert committee observed that Kuno was ready to receive lions, asked Madhya Pradesh to notify the sanctuary as a national park with additional areas, and told the WII to put in place the details of a MoU among the centre and the two states concerned.In June 2017, the WII prepared the draft for the MoU but it is yet to be signed. In November 2017, the notice for the seventh meeting of the expert committee was circulated by the Environment ministry. It was then cancelled and never held again. Madhya Pradesh, on its part, delayed notifying Kuno as a national park. “We are in the process of finalising the notification. Lions are our priority for Kuno. Only last month, we had a meeting with the Gujarat state committee. They insisted on a number of studies before the relocation. The WII is trying to resolve that issue,” said Manoj Kumar Sapra, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Madhya Pradesh.Guidelines for Reintroductions and Other Conservation TranslocationsMP CM asking PM or former Gujarat CM Modi to help in getting lions from Gujarat and Continuing the works to make Kuno beter and better and better and better by displacing even more villages from Kuno, increasing Prey base, developing grasslands etc.., Similar things too are happening but at much faster rate in Cheetah relocation to Nauradehi.HOW LION AND TIGER LIVED TOGETHER IN INDIA???See, lion and tiger didn’t live in India alone, they lived in Eurasia for very long time. Various Lion species; spp and many tiger spp lived in Asia. When considering modern spp, Eurasian Lions (Asiatic and European) - Bengal and Caspian tiger lived in most of west Asia to India.In India, Bengal tiger and Lion both lived in India upto 19th century after due to Britisher most are extirpated and separated. Lion is the first immigrant to India 20 kya and then Bengal tiger came in about 14 kya. The reason for tigers and leopards survived in most of the range unlike lions is due to their lifestyle of living in forests rather than grasslands like lions. This made them easily killed on large scale by people.Lions and Tigers prefer different habitats. Lions like to live in open contrary to tigers. Lion along with Cheetah and wolf are apex predators of savanna food chain, for forests tigers, dholes and leopards. “BUT” both leopard, lion and tiger are versatile to live in other type of habitats too, particularly bengal tiger lives in semi arid conditions and lions live in gir mesic savanna AKA gir dry deciduous “forest”.As both being apex predators of the same eco region, they both have a dietary overlap and are sympatric predators or involve in “direct competition”. Generally, leopards eliminate hyena/lion/tiger cubs. Tigers and lions too do the same thing with leopard cubs and adults. This maintains a balance in the ecosystem as there is limited space and food or water resources in a given area. That’s how the nature works.Tigers and Lions like most predators are territorial animals in which they show territorial display to their con-species to ensure their genetic line but there are no territories between different species. There is only competitive aggression.This competitive aggression can leads to fights and deaths b/w tigers and lions but that totally depends on the situation.In general, asiatic lions lives in groups with females and males separately. Females pride average about 4 to 6 individuals where as males may or may not form coalition. Bengal tigers lives usually alone. So, as there is group advantage for lion as social animal and tiger solitary, it will be outnumbered most of the time. So, tiger never come across lions and completely avoid to prevent possible confrontation. Similarly, when lone lions are found tigers generally larger won’t leave and fight is inevitable if lion don’t manage to escape. So, it depends totally. All fights doesn’t lead to deaths as this is not territorial fight with con-species but only to out compete each other to ensure prey availability. Non sympatric animals never aggressive to each other as they don’t compete. for instance, lions and jackals even feed together as dietary overlap don’t occur b/w lion and jackal and jackal eats small animals and what lion hunt to scavenge. So, lions don’t bother.In a given area, a confrontation between animals is rare as animals can be anywhere at a given time. Even in a possible confrontation, the consequences are totally dependent upon given situation of interaction. So, deaths occurring due to inter-specific competition lions and tigers is natural to maintain balance. But, life and death is a continuous process new individuals will be born to replenish the dead ones. In this population dynamics work and stable populations are accomplished. That’s how nature works all around the world like in wolf-bear or puma- jaguar or lion-leopard whatever you name it. Deaths due to competition b/w sympatric predators is natural.That’s how lions and tigers “coexisted or co-occurred”. Coexistence means living in same region not being friendly with each other. They do fight but still live in the same eco region.Tiger-lion coexistence in eurasia between middle pleistocene and holocene epochsTiger - Lion Hybridisation: (This one is ridiculous by Gujarat government, they should have used their brains, no not them gujarat people need to use them)Here I am suggesting this wonderful answer which is factual written by Ketan Pande (केतन पांडे). (modified)If a liger was raised by lions, in the wild, could it be a successful member in a pride of lions?Very few people know this.First of all, there are almost 1/1000000 chances (almost impossible) of Liger getting born in wild? And there is an amazing reason behind it, and it will make you respect nature more.Well, many people don’t know that in India, at the Gir Forest, a wild tiger was spotted, making it the only place (state) in the world where tiger, lion and leopard co-exist for some time.So,If a young lion in Gir forest who is abandoned by pride, encounters and lives with a tigress, and everything goes smooth between them, will they mate, and will liger be born?The answer is simple,NOOOOOOO!!And that’s where Mother Nature comes into the picture. Both of them belongs to different lineages in Panthera. Lions don't even breed with Leopards who are the closest living relatives to them.If lion, tiger could breed when they coexisted in the past, then seeing Leopon and Lipard is common in Africa or Gir as Leopard is the closest relative to Lion.Very few people know that there are 7 Barriers of Nature that prevent "interspecies" crossing.So here are these 7 Barriers or "Unconditional Instincts" of nature which will "only" promote species to breed with themselves in the wild: (An man won't like to **** a chimp even they are closely related species, even becomes picky to chose mate in his own race). Every species has their own sexual dimorphism and their own methods of choosing mates in their own species. Some have special adaptations and rituals for that.1. Behaviour barrier:Both animals have different behaviour, while one prefers solitary life and other prefers living in pride. This mismatch of behaviour will reduce the mating to a greater extent.2. Mating Barrier:Suppose, an exception occurs, and both tigress and lion become friends. But, a sexual ritual mismatch will not make both of them breed. The possibility will be reduced,3. Sex-organs Barrier:Still, an exception occurs and both them think of mating with each other, then sex-organs mismatch will avoid the successful breeding.4. Biological Barrier:Now, if a case where both tigress and lion surpass above barriers and mate. Then the semen will not match with ovaries and chromosomal recombination abnormalities occurrence is high, sometimes chromosome number doesn't match. Thus, seizing the successful breeding.5. Development Barrier:If all the above barriers are somehow crossed, then the development of fetus will not take place.6. Misidentification Barrier:Still, a fetus comes into the picture, then the mother body will not be able to identify the fetus, as it is abnormal. Thus, mothers body will not provide nutrition to the fetus and it will die.’7. Communication Barrier:Both are different species, and have quite different Vocalizations/Body language and Scent or Odour which prevents inter-species communication or territorial behavior.8. Immunity barrier:Suppose in the extremely rare situation somehow a liger is born, then the body will be confused as it will not complete of any of the parents. Thus, it will have low immunity, and it will die at a young age due to aberrations in genetic or somatically in morphology or physiology. And, if a liger still reaches adulthood, then it will be sexually inactive (sterile) as it will have different penis and semen. Thus, the offspring of liger will never be born and bloodline of hybrid ends.P.S. These are all for wild animals, don't compare this with Captive Animal Hybrids or Breeding.And let me tell you,In wild, it’s next to impossible to cross top 3 barriers. Thus, liger was/will never be born, so it’s unnecessary to think about its interaction with the lion pride.The Liger that you see in captivity is made successful via genetic recombination and other manipulations to make it successful for various benefits in attracting tourist attention.So for now, let’s assume that it's impossible.As both are top predators in sympatric competition, they will avoid one another as it is fatal for interaction and mating is out of equation.But nature has always surprised us, so one day we might see an exception and that’s why I said at the start that there are 1/1000000 chances of its success.Even it happened, the offspring won't survive long...This is not only for these two animals. These are basic and fundamental principles for any living organism or species to be like a species not hybrid, if all animals can hybridize then no animal looks same as other, every animal will be unique and can't reproduce after and it will be the end of life on earth but that didn't happen.. Our world is natural world with "species" not Pokemon world with Pokemons and Hybrids.Dawin's finches for example, considering Geospiza genus, all species in the genus are endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches.There are extant 9 SPECIES. Geospiza conirostris, Geospiza difficilis, Geospiza septentrionalis, Geospiza acutirostris, Geospiza fortis, Geospiza fuliginosa, Geospiza magnirostris, Geospiza scandens and Geospiza propinqua. All are endemic and live in Galápagos Islands. But there are no hybrids, they don't interbreed.American alligator and Croc don't inter-breed either...(They too are sympatric and apex predators of similar sizes living in the same place i.e.., Co-occurring or coexisting)They too compete for food "not territories". They too fight to reduce competition but in the end, that don't impact their population as both avoid most, fight least.Mortality rate between inter-species competition and other natural causes (except man) balances natality rate of population, that's how the world's predators coexist.Examples are countless. (Thanks ! Serge Elia )According to the following authors, lions and tigers, whether modern or prehistoric, did indeed coexist, or at least co-occur in Eurasia:1) Craig Packer (College of Biological Sciences): the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo leo according the the Cat Specialist Group's 2017 classification (https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/hand...sAllowed=y), formerly Panthera leo persica) and Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in "many parts of India until the end of the 19th century, but today Asiatic lions are restricted to the Gir Forest in Gujarat State of western India—an ecosystem without tigers. A controversial proposal to translocate Gir lions to Kuno Palpur in Madhya Pradesh has been delayed, partly because of fears that tigers living in Kuno would kill the incoming lions. Only a few 19th century reports are available of wild lions fighting with wild tigers, and it is unclear if one species regularly defeated the other. Many fights were staged between captive lions and tigers during the first decades of the 20th century, and some of these are posted on YouTube. However, the outcomes are difficult to interpret because so little information is available about the contestants (e.g., sex, age and prior experience). Several clips show fights pitting a subadult or female tiger against a full-grown male lion; others show subadult male lions against adult tigers."Asiatic lion 'Devaraj' in Devaliya Safari Park, a satellite of Gir Forest National Park in the Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests' ecoregion of northwest India, which also includes the tiger areas of Ranthambore and Sariska in Rajasthan and Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh (where lions were supposed to have been translocated to): Southern Asia: Northwestern India | Ecoregions | WWF2) Pocock (https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammali...1/mode/2up), who rubbished the idea that Indian tigers were responsible for the near-extinction of the Asiatic lion, for reasons like that lions were in places where the Bengal tiger wasn't recorded, like Southwest Asia.3) Heptner and Sludskiy (https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov2...6/mode/2up) said that in the past, the ranges of the lion and tiger often overlapped, that 2 Caspian tigers caught in southwestern Tajikistan harboured tapeworms of the species Taenia bubesei, which was also recovered from the African lion (interestingly), and aside from that both Asiatic lions and Bengal tigers are in India (and that lion's range extended to the Bengal), they mentioned the following places as having both Asiatic lions and Caspian tigers: Anatolia (Asian Turkey), Iran, the tugai forests of the Trans-Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia), and that the lion possibly occurred in Afghanistan and Central Asia, particularly what is now Turkmenistan on the border with Iran, and the banks of the Amu Darya, which were definitely tiger areas, Pages 82–202:Skin of Shirea that Persian lioness, brought to Dublin by King Edward VII in 1902, at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin: https://www.museum.ie/The-Collections/Do...an-LionessYoung lion in Iran photographed by Antoin Sevruguin in circa 1880, adapted from http://collections.si.edu/search/detail/...nline=trueCaspian tiger in northern Iran, early 1940s: The Extinction of the Caspian TigerA Persian tiger which invaded Georgia: http://kavehfarrokh.com/heritage/the-las...n-georgia/The Araks River on the border of Azerbaijan and Iran, where Heptner and Sludskiy said that both lions and tigers occurred: https://www.flickr.com/photos/australian...5194351616The national park of Absheron Peninsula on Azerbaijani coast of the Caspian Sea, again, Heptner and Sludskiy pointed to both being here: http://visitbakuazerbaijan.com/visit-bak...-park.html4) Sir James Abbott wrote in the 19th century that the lion and tiger were in the region of 'Khaurism' (https://www.wdl.org/en/item/17720/view/2/342/). According to Meyer (https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomb...6/mode/2up), Khaurism is a region between Afghanistan and the Caspian Sea, so 'Khaurism' appears to be 'Khwarezm', an oasis region along the Amu Darya in Central Asia, which includes parts of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, which would support Heptner and Sludskiy's assumption that the lion was indeed there.Dr Meyer as quoted by Kinnear: https://archive.org/stream/journalofbomb...6/mode/2up5) Massetti (https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2126) said that both the Asiatic lion and Caspian tiger were in Syria.6) Look at this Middle Eastern book from the 17th century on display at the Harvard Art Museum: https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/art/2162397) Yamaguchi et al., suspected that the the social structure of the Upper Pleistocene Eurasian cave lion (Panthera leo spelaea or Panthera spelaea), similar to modern lions, had an impact on other predators, including the tiger: https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wi...6904005242Spartak, one of the frozen cave lion cubs found in Yakutia, Russian Far East, this makes me wonder if there are also frozen tigers in this region: https://siberiantimes.com/science/casest...f-yakutia/The Wanhsien tiger (Panthera tigris acutidens) of China: https://www.scribd.com/doc/201368987/Val...eet#scribdChhota Nagpur Plateau area (The mentioned bengal tiger is actually from Chota nagpur)Bannerghatta NP.News of the tiger’s arrival stirred hopes that he would continue his westward trek and eventually reach Gir’s safe haven about 300 miles away. How he would react once he encountered some of the nearly 600 Gir forest lions and leopards was uncertain.“It all depends on the prey,” says Tara Pirie, a zoologist and big cat expert at the University of Reading, in the U.K., who has studied tigers in Sumatra. “If there are sufficient prey, then they should manage to coexist,” even if sharing a relatively small area.Gir Forest National Park encompasses 550 square miles of deciduous forests of teak, acacia, and banyan trees, some scrub jungle, and large patches of grassland.“It is suitable habitat for tigers and has Sambar deer, nilgai, wild boar,” Pirie says, as well as other animals that tigers and Asiatic lions hunt. Leopards, she notes, generally take small-to-medium-size prey, such as Axis deer.(Read more about Asia's lions, which live in one last place on Earth.)Lions and tigers used to coexist across many parts of India, as well as in western and Central Asia—usually in different habitats—until the end of the 1800s.By then, hunting and poaching had driven most populations to extinction.The animals also suffered from the loss of prey and habitat as farming, timber harvests, new roads, and settlements—and a growing human population—shrank their forest homes.https://www.nationalgeographic.com/anima...l8BfG0bc4UPocock thought that it was unlikely that serious competition between them regularly occurred, and that even if Indian lions and tigers met, the chance that they would fight for survival was as good as the chance that they would choose to avoid each other, and that their chances of success, if they were to clash, were as good as each other's.https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammali...1/mode/2upCoexistence in the Eurasian wildernessWild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action PlanThe British cyclopæedia of natural history"Genetic variation in Asiatic lions and Indian tigers"College of Biological SciencesPacker, CraigUniversity of MinnesotaTales of travellers; or, A view of the worldPocockMammalia1Tiger and Lion ecology in Indian subcontinenthttp://repository.ias.ac.in/89489/1/50p.pdf"Lion"According to Colin Tudge (2011), given that both cats hunt large herbivores, it is likely that they had been in competition in Asia. Despite their social nature, lions might have competed with tigers on an individual basis, as they would with each other.The Engineer in the GardenThe modern lion and tiger were present in Eurasia since the Pleistocene, when now-extinct relatives also existed there.Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia ŠkolaReginald Innes Pocock (1939) mentioned that some people had the opinion that the tiger played a role in the near-extinction of the Indian lion, but he dismissed this view as 'fanciful'. According to him, there was evidence that tigers inhabited the Subcontinent, before lions. The tigers likely entered Northern India from the eastern end of the Himalayas, through Burma, and started spreading throughout the area, before the lions likely entered Northern India from Balochistan or Persia, and spread to places like the Bengal and the Nerbudda River. Because of that, before the presence of man could limit the spread of lions, tigers reached parts of India that lions did not reach. However, the presence of tigers throughout India did not stop the spread of lions there, in the first place, so Pocock said that it is unlikely that Bengal tigers played a role, significant or subordinate, in the near-extinction of the Indian lion, rather, that man was responsible for it, as was the case with the decline in tigers' numbers.As such, Pocock thought that it was unlikely that serious competition between them regularly occurred, and that even if Indian lions and tigers met, the chance that they would fight for survival was as good as the chance that they would choose to avoid each other, and that their chances of success, if they were to clash, were as good as each other's.Kuno palpur:-It is a National Park in Kuno wildlife division because it protects wildlife with limited human activity. It is created to ensure the survival of Last Asiatic lions of the world and to restore Indian grassland habitats or terrains. Between 1996 and 2002, 24 Sahariya tribal villages (at least 1,400 families or 1,650 inhabitants) were relocated on the outskirts of the sanctuary, around the Agraa village. Most of the inhabitants were Saharia tribal people. The villages were also home to Jatav, Brahmin, Gujjar, Kushwaha and Yadav people.Kuno National Park is a protected area in Madhya Pradesh that received the status of national park in 2018.Madhya Pradesh: Kuno notified as national park, path clear for Gir lions - Times of IndiaThe protected area was established in 1981 as a wildlife sanctuary with an area of 344.686 km2 (133.084 sq mi) in the Sheopur and Morena districts. It was also known as Kuno-Palpur and Palpur-Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary.Conservation-induced displacement: A comparative study of two Indian protected areas Kabra AIt is part of the Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion.Southern Asia: Northwestern India | Ecoregions | WWFIn the 1990s, it was selected as a possible site to implement the Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project, which aimed at establishing a second lion population in India.https://www.researchgate.net/Kuno PlapurDisplacement and Rehabilitationof an Adivasi Settlement.pdfAn area of 924 km2 (357 sq mi) surrounding the wildlife sanctuary was added as buffer zone to human settlements making it as 1200 km2 Kuno Wildlife division.In 2009, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary was also proposed as a possible site for Cheetah reintroduction in India.In December 2018 the state government changed the status of the wildlife sanctuary to Kuno National Park and enlarged the protected area by 413 km2 (159 sq mi).Prominent shrub species include Grewia flavescens, Helicteres isora, Hopbush viscosa, Vitex negundo. Grass species include Heteropogon contortus, Apluda mutica, Aristida hystrix, Themeda quadrivalvis, Cenchrus ciliaris and Desmostachya bipinnata. Senna tora and Argemone mexicana are also common.The main predators occurring in the protected area are Indian leopard, jungle cat, sloth bear, dhole, Indian wolf, golden jackal, striped hyena and Bengal fox. Ungulates include chital, Sambar deer, nilgai, four-horned antelope, chinkara, blackbuck and wild boar.More than 1,900 feral cattle were estimated to occur in 2008, whereas density of wild ungulates was considered too low to sustain an introduced lion population at the time.Honey badger, Indian grey mongoose, ruddy mongoose, small Asian mongoose, Southern plains gray langur, Indian crested porcupine and Indian hare have also been recorded. Reptiles present include mugger crocodile, Gharial, Bengal monitor and Indian softshell turtle.A total of 129 bird species were sighted during a survey in spring 2007. Indian white-backed vulture, long-billed vulture, red-headed vulture, Egyptian vulture, crested serpent-eagle, short-toed snake eagle Bonelli's eagle, white-eyed buzzard, changeable hawk-eagle, brown fish owl and spotted owlet are resident raptors. Western marsh-harrier, pied harrier, Montagu's harrier, steppe eagle, osprey, common kestrel, short-eared owl, Demoiselle crane and common crane are winter visitors."Birds of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Central India"Avifauna also includes black-shouldered kite, painted spurfowl, ruddy shelduck, Indian peafowl, grey francolin, Eurasian nightjar, jungle nightjar, Indian nightjar, painted sandgrouse, woolly-necked stork, great stone-curlew, Sirkeer malkoha, Indian golden oriole, black-rumped flameback, bay-backed shrike and Indian paradise flycatcher.Status of prey in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya PradeshGujarat govt started “investing” (not spending) lots of money on Lion conservation project to suppress "Translocation issue".But now due to elections in Madhya Pradesh, there is a change in power i.e.. the Congress govt came to rule after winning majority. Previously, BJP party is in the Center, and both states, So everything went on their favour.So, after Congress govt coming into Power with "Kamal Nath" as CM. There have been significant pace in the Project which is currently in Phase 2 of "Shifting". Right after, taking oath as CM, they declared Kuno as National Park increasing area as much as more than double now. Along with them, MOEFCC, WII, NTCA and some wildlife activists and Experts doing field research time to time are strongly recommending to relocate as it is already becoming more than late.MP govt is made sure that all arrangements and conditions are met correctly in perfection, so that there will no objection in further from Gujarat govt.Current Updates :This is good news. In election campaign for Lok sabha polls, MP (Member of Parliament) canditates of MP (Madhya Pradesh). They promised Sheopur division people to bring lions to palpur and solving many social issues towards development of Sheopur district of MP.In addition to this, the lion in Kuno-Palpur, which has taken the district forward on the path of development, also raised voice over the ground.https://www.patrika.com/sheopur-news/mal...d-4359291/Palpur management seeks five CRORES to bring sheopur lionsMoney is needed to build cagement facilities, safety and extension purposes. Proposal sent to State govt, waiting for approval.In order to bring Lions to kuno reserve, Forest department management is continuing in that direction by making everything ready and prepared for that FD sent proposal to state govt, asking to release 5 crores for further development.FD is going to build cagements to keep Lions in semi- captive environment (cagements) for certain time period to give sufficient time to adapt or habituate to Kuno environment and to monitor the activities. FD involved this in APO (Annual Plan Operation)6 Asian Lions going to be brought from Gir in 1st step of Phase II (Shifting) of Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project (1st Phase is over i.e.., Fully preparing habitat, Prey etc..,)Actions will be implemented based on the Project Plan of approved by SC i.e.., in first shifting, through darting by Tranquilizing gun 6 Lions (2:1 Female- Male ratio that is total 6 lions: 4 females, 2 males) will be brought to Kuno NP as fast as possible from Gir forest on a Chopper (Helicopter).Both state committees formed after Contempt petition will be actively participated in this process by monitoring activities keenly.WHY LION REINTRODUCTION SHOULD HAPPEN EVEN IF THEY ARE PACKED FULL IN GUJARAT ?Money is needed to build cagement facilities, safety and extension purposes. Proposal sent to State govt, waiting for approval.In order to bring Lions to kuno reserve, Forest department management is continuing in that direction by making everything ready and prepared for that FD sent proposal to state govt, asking to release 5 crores for further development.FD is going to build cagements to keep Lions in semi- captive environment (cagements) for certain time period to give sufficient time to adapt or habituate to Kuno environment and to monitor the activities. FD involved this in APO (Annual Plan Operation)6 Asian Lions going to be brought from Gir in 1st step of Phase II (Shifting) of Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project (1st Phase is over i.e.., Fully preparing habitat, Prey etc..,)Actions will be implemented based on the Project Plan of approved by SC i.e.., in first shifting, through darting by Tranquilizing gun 6 Lions (2:1 Female- Male ratio that is total 6 lions: 4 females, 2 males) will be brought to Kuno NP as fast as possible from Gir forest on a Chopper (Helicopter).Both state committees formed after Contempt petition will be actively participated in this process by monitoring activities keenly.243 more families will be displaced for Lions from Kuno Palpur National Park of SheopurAfter declaration of National Park status to Kuno Palpur by increasing 413 sq km area and making approximately 800 km2 of NP in 1200 km2 Kuno wildlife division, the relocation of villages and house holds/families outside Reserve has already started by sending the post-displacement proposal from Reserve management staff to government.Preparations to transfer 243 families again outside the park are ready to take place. After attaining National Park status, this is being done now. It is because of this reason, Bagacha Village of Dhanayacha is going to be relocated from the park.Survey is being done by Park management among the villages in Palpur to relocate. After that, Village Panchayat received notice or proposal from the district division administration and both verified the list.After receiving the fund amount from the government as compensation to villagers, shifting will be started to other place outside the forest.1545 families have sacrificed their homes wishing Lions arrival Before thisIt is notable that the Government of India started looking for another Lion reserve since 1991. In order to protect Asia's Lions from Epidemics or Endemic diseases and other natural hazards.For this WII, Dehradun had appointed researchers and expert panel committee which recommended Palpur forest of Sheopur Madhya Pradesh as suitable for Lions. Based on this, It was decided shortly after in June 1993 to develop Kuno and start translocation. In that, 1545 families of 14 villages had shifted outside.Despite Expert committee recommendation towards conservation, Gujarat govt attitude of not giving lions continued upto 2013, on which matter reached Supreme Court which instructed "Lions as National Property not any Place possession" and ordered relocation within 6 months towards species best standards.Expert committee has again given duty to look after the project to go in a clean and smooth manner. Experts engaged in formulating special strategies for bringing lions but now it has raged after humiliating petitions in the past. Now the committees are formed at state level that is at the level of MP and Gujarat to do the duty in their states according to relocation guidelines.The kuno is best habitat in the world for lions with no conflicts and recently, Kuno-Palpur Sanctuary area was extended by 413 sq km.Asiatic Lion Reintroduction ProjectKuno National ParkKuno Palpur NP (750 km2), which has been developed for translocation of Asiatic Lion, spread over 1,288 sq km of area more than gir with additional 3000 km2 area for growing population of lions as buffer.There is proposal to de-notify the 202 sq km area of Karera Wildlife Sanctuary under district Shivpuri and 80 sq km of area of Ghatigaon Sonchidiya Sanctuary under Gwalior. After de notification of both areas, Government would add them into Kuno Palpur Sanctuary. Karera Wildlife Sanctuary was established in year 1981 to protect the population of Great Indian Bustard in the area. Now the area is being notified by Government due to protest by the local people and extinction of the Great Indian Bustard bird locally.MP CM writes to PM on translocating Guj lions to KunoMadhya Pradesh Chief Minister Kamal Nath has written to Prime Minister Narendra Modi on translocating lions from Gujarat to MP against the backdrop of deaths of several big cats there recently.Nath, in his letter, said the Kuno National Park in MP was developed as a second home for lions and Lion reserve and asked the PM to issue suitable directions to the Union Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and to the Gujarat government for smooth translocation."All recommendations made by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII)and expert committee formed to oversee the translocation of Asiatic lions to Kuno, like habitat improvement, prey base augmentation, relocation of 24 villages (1543 families) etc have been completed by the state government," Nath's letter stated."Substantial amount of money has been incurred in these activities and the Kuno National Park is ready to receive the Asiatic lion," the letter claimed.Nath's letter also informed that, as per the recommendations made by committee, the area of Kuno Sanctuary has been extended by adding 404 square kilometres of forest area and has been declared as a national park.The letter said Kuno Sanctuary was found to be the best habitat for the Asiatic lion and the Supreme Court had, in its order dated April 15, 2013, directed that they be translocated from Gujarat to Kuno Sanctuary within six months.On Friday, the Gujarat Assembly was told that 204 lions had died in the state's Gir Forest region in the past two years. Gujarat Forest Minister Ganpat Vasava told the House that 110 lions and 94 cubs died in 2017 and 2018.Of the 110 adult lions, 43 died in 2017 and 67 in 2018. Thirty-eight cubs died in 2017 and 56 in 2018, the reply said. Of the 204 deaths, 27 (21 lions and six cubs) were because of "unnatural causes" such as falling into a well or being run over by a train, the minister had said on February 22Gujarat is the place where the greatest soul ever to walk on earth born mahatma but it is the same place where the dirtiest politicians ruling, corrupting for money. They don’t have mercy even don’t leave animals like extincting lions and try to make a brand and monopoly of commercialize and cash them for tourism money deceiving people around world that the lion is pride of Gujarat or asmita instead of pride of India. They are conserving lions and though they know that they die for tourism income like in a slaughter house rising cattle for meat.Parliament panel seeks experts’ opinion on Gir pride relocationDays after a Government report suggested the creation of a second home for the Asiatic lions from Gujarat's Gir forest, a Parliamentary panel too has recommended that wildlife experts may be consulted for exploring the option of relocating/shifting some of the lions in nearby areas or other sanctuaries outside the state.The panel, headed by Rajya Sabha MP Anand Sharma, in its report 'status of forest fire', observed that lion population in the Gir forest is decreasing due to one reason or the other."There are many unprotected wells; lions sometimes fall down in these wells, electrocution due to wired fences around the farms made for wild herbivores, Road and Rail Accidents, Poaching leading to their deaths. Frequent fights amongst the lions, overpopulation of Carnivores including leopards besides lions and man-animal conflicts can also be attributed for reduction in number of lions..," said the report tabled in Parliament recently.Asiatic Lions are listed in the Schedule-I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, thereby according them the highest degree of protection.Warning that lions can go the tigers' way as happened in Rajasthan's Sariska Tiger Reserve a few years ago where poaching of big cat was "going on unabated and consequently, Sariska had become tiger less a few years back," the panel "noted" that a real effort was made to populate it again. (Same thing can be done to Kuno's Lion Reserve)The Committee hopes that unprotected wells of all wildlife sanctuaries/national parks of the country including the Gir Forest in Gujarat would be covered properly in order to save the wild animals (not only lions) falling into these wells and losing their lives.In the wake of 23 lion deaths within a very short span of time i.e.., September- October, 2018, the panel had sought status report from the Union Environment Ministry asking for the reason for fatalities.The Committee also expressed its concern that infighting amongst the lions of Gir forest, Gujarat might be due to over population of the lions in specific areas.The Committee recommends that wild life experts may be consulted for exploring relocating/shifting some of the lions in nearby areas/other sanctuaries outside Gujarat.The suggestion echoes the views of the report, 'Asiatic Lion Conservation Project', which was released by Union Environment Minister Dr Harshvardhan on February 9, which said that among other conservation measures,"the Government may consider the establishment of a second home for Asiatic Lions for securing the population from any threat of disease or epidemic or any natural catastrophe or disaster like forest fire, floods, cyclones, earth quakes etc.., or "international or civil war".The report had noted that the current rate of development-induced habitat fragmentation, loss of potential lion habitats and linking corridors owing to natural calamities triggered by climate change, illegal sand and limestone mining, timber or teak smuggling besides poaching and poisoning of prey carcasses plague the lions conservation, which are presently confined in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Still Illegal Lion shows for rich outsiders by greedy locals baited with infected animals, lion baiting and harassment with chickens and illegal filming are not curbed which are on rampant scale against administrative laws (even political leaders are doing that like taking selfies).https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/india/...42EmNcXNggKuno to be second home for Gir lionsSaturday, 09 February 2019 | Archana Jyoti | New DelhiA Government report released on Friday has among various conservation measures called for creation of a second home for the wild big cats other than the Gir forests in Gujarat’s Saurashtra region.The Gujarat Government has been vehemently opposing for long parting its ‘Gir’s Pride’ with any other State —to be precise in Madhya Pradesh’s Kuno wildlife sanctuary—for shifting the big cats and a case in this regard is also pending in the Supreme Court. The Vijay Rupani-led Gujarat Government has also rejected Wildlife Institute of India’s ‘Recovery and Conservation of Endangered Lions in Gujarat’ project, which was to be monitored by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).Asiatic Lions are listed in the Schedule-I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, thereby according them the highest degree of protection.The report, ‘Asiatic Lion Conservation Project’, which was released by Union Environment Minister Dr Harshvardhan on Friday also noted that the current rate of development-induced habitat fragmentation, loss of potential lion habitats owing to natural calamities triggered by climate change besides poaching and poisoning of prey carcasses plague the India’s majestic Asiatic lions conservation, which are presently confined in Saurashtra region of Gujarat.While noting that the 2010 census which pegged the population at 411 showed a remarkable increase of 112 animals in the next five years and the lion population in the year 2015 stands 523 from four districts of Saurashtra, the report felt it was not enough.“In spite of successful conservation efforts over last 4 decades, registering sustained increasing population trend, the Asiatic Lion is still critically endangered on account of its total population being only about 523+10, i.e. much less than desirable 500 breeding adults with demographically favorable male to female ratio.”The report also enlisted various threats that exist in the region for the survival of the Asiatic lions. “With the current rate of development-induced habitat fragmentations in Saurashtra, only home to the country’s lions, there is an increasing risk for lion ‘patchy populations’ to gradually deteriorating into a meta population where “several patches might become spatially separated disjoint lion sub-populations”.“Lion mortality due to anthropogenic pressures such as poaching, poisoning of prey carcasses etc and loss of potential lion habitats owing to natural calamities triggered by climate changes are likely to further exacerbate this situation,” it further said.Despite a successful recovery, Asiatic lions exemplify all the typical impediments of carnivore conservation -such as a small population restricted to a single site and with reduced genetic diversity, long ranging and conflict with human interests… make Asiatic lions vulnerable to stochastic events such as epidemics and newly emerging diseases, the report added.Further, co-evolved diseases, both endemic and epidemic, are known to have an effect on the hosts (lion) ecology.Thus, monitoring of diseases and disease-causing agents in this endangered population has huge ecological and conservation implications. Recently over 23 predators had succumbed to Cannine distemper virus (CDV) in the region which had also evoked strong response from the Supreme Court and Gujarat High Court.The ‘Asiatic Lion Conservation Project’, initially for a three year period with budget fund of Rs 97.84 crore (with the contributing ratio being 60:40 of Central and State share respectively) aims consolidating conservation of the Asiatic Lion and its associate biota in Saurashtra region.The Project envisages a science-based management prescriptions with involvement of people alongside coordination with multi-sectoral agencies within the Gir Protected Area system.The project activities are aimed at better management of the Lion habitat, disease control and veterinary care for overall conservation of the Asiatic Lion.Currently, lions exist in Gir National Park and Sanctuary and its surroundings viz. Girnar Sanctuary, Mitiyala Sanctuary, Pania Sanctuary, South Eastern and Western coastal areas, Savarkundla, Liliya and adjoining areas of Amreli and Bhavnagar Districts.https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/india/...lions.htmlLion vs Tiger; An Indian dilemmaIt is a fact that as in Sri Lanka the symbol of the lion has been playing an important role in India as well. The sculpture of four Asiatic lions standing back to back or the Lion Capital of Ashoka was declared the official emblem of independent India.The carving had been originally placed on an Ashokan pillar around 250 BC in the Northern Buddhist city of Sarnath and therefore the national emblem is today known as Lion Capital of Ashoka of Sarnath.Interestingly it was the lion, and not the tiger as it is in today, that was originally made the national Animal of India after independence. However, under Indira Gandhi in 1972, the lion lost its place to Bengal Tiger. The key reason behind the decision was the global attention on the dwindling tiger population of India, which even today is the home to 70 per cent of the world wild tiger population.By 1972 the tiger population which stood at around 40, 000 at the turn of the 20th century had dropped to a mere 1,827. The year after adopting Tiger as the national animal Gandhi launched ‘Project Tiger’, an ambitious conservation plan to protect this engendered beautiful cat. Thanks to that project today India is home to about 4,000 tigers spread over sixteen states. Bengali Tiger is also the national animal of Bangladesh where around 400 Bengali tigers have survived. Conservationists believe that there are around a hundred Bengali Tigers each in Bhutan and Nepal as well.All was well until 2015In 2015 a proposal was made in Rajya Sabha to revert to the lion as the national animal in view of drawing attention to the extreme challenges faced by country’s lion population. Gir National Park in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s home State Gujarat is the only home for the heavily endangered Asian Lions. The park has about 600 lions today.Though the lion population is more endangered than Tigers, the conservationists, however, launched a strong attack against the move on the premise that it would only scuttle the ongoing projects to protect Bengali tigers.They charged that the proposal to replace tiger with lion had been made by those who were eyeing tiger sanctuary lands for industrial purposes.The debate snowballed into a political dispute with pro-Tiger lobbyists arguing that while Tigers deserve the national animal slot with its population spread over sixteen 16 States (NOW MAY BE IN GUJARAT STATE TOO!), lions can only be found in PM Modi’s Gujarat.The lions in Gir National Park are today faced with numerous challenges and key among them is the drastic drop in the level of "immunity" due to inbreeding making them susceptible to epidemic.This has been attributed to inbreeding with almost all 600 lions living in an area of 258 square km. Moves by conservationists to shift some of the Gir Lions to Madhya Pradesh and elsewhere to address the plaguing issues had been met with stiff resistance from consecutive Gujarat State Governments despite even Supreme Court orders.Gujarat leaders have been maintaining that Gir lion had been the pride of Gujarat and don't want to share revenue even with their own nation and they would not let anyone take away the pride and money.The move to replace the tiger with the lion as national animal meanwhile has died a natural death in the din of the protests by Tiger lovers.http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Lion-v...61955.htmlMinistry of Forests seeks intelligence report on KunoKuno National Park can receive Lions this year, a big step forwardSheopur: The roar of Asiatic Lions can soon be heard in the Kuno NP. This is because the Ministry of Forests and Environment has requested a report from the Intelligence Agencies regarding the Kuno National Park, after which the survey has been conducted by the agencies.It is believed that this is one big step towards Asiatic lions' shifting direction.It is noteworthy that the process of shifting lions from the Gir Sanctuary in Kuno has been going on for two decades, but till now the lions have not relocated. Under this, after recommendation of the Expert Committee constituted on the directive of the Supreme Court, in December last year, Kuno got National Park status, while on the same day, the Central Forest and Environment Ministry has sought information from the Intelligence Agencies about the forests of Kuno. It has been reported that in this report the Ministry of Forests has sought information including the security situation around Kuno forest, encroachment in the forest, location etc.., It has been reported that intimation agencies will send their reports soon.6 to 8 lions coming in the first phase6 to 8 lions have to be brought in the first phase to Kuno National Park, which forms the second house of Asian lions. For which all the preparations have been made at all levels. The area of the Kuno which has been increased, was given the National Park status declared under official notification. It is being told that there will be a meeting of the action plan committee soon, in which the next strategy will be decided on the shifting.https://www.patrika.com/sheopur-news/min...o-4058099/The Indian Lion needs greater inter-state cooperationIdioms like 'Mera Bharat Mahan' (India is great) and 'Anekta Mein Ekta' (unity in diversity) don’t mean much if states do not unite for the greater, national good. So much of inter-state conflict today is based on fights over natural resources, notably drinking and irrigation water. But there is also another aspect to this – the refusal of states to cooperate with each other for species conservation is a sorry failure.In 2018, a horrible epidemic broke out amongst the last wild population of Asiatic lions in Gir, Gujarat.In 2013, the Supreme Court had ruled that lions belong to India, not just to Gujarat, and some lions should be given to Madhya Pradesh to create a second habitat. The fear was that if this was not done, the lone lion population would be vulnerable to epidemic, natural calamities like forest fires, and so on – yet, Gujarat has not given any lions.Officially, the state has said that the lions are Gujarat’s “pride” and money for the state does not wish to share them with MP, naming potential poaching or the central Indian heat as a deterrent. This so-called concern though is spurious – lions have historically existed in hot states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.The reality, insiders say, is that Gujarat doesn’t want to share its tourist revenue with MP.In truth, tourism is most often created by facilities and not just by the view or the animal on display. In these counts, well-organised Gujarat has nothing to fear – and it would be a medal for Gujarati pride to do the right thing for Asiatic lions.https://www.dailyo.in/variety/india-ecol...29121.htmlIn fact, the Madhya Pradesh government has made Palpur-Kuno of Sheopur district in Gwalior division for more than 500 Asian lions. The Government of Madhya Pradesh has spent Rs 14.84 crores for transferring 1543 families of 24 villages here.https://www.jagran.com/politics/national...93908.htmlMadhya Pradesh Government Seeks Centre's Help To Get Lions From GujaratUpdated: January 27, 2019 14:41 ISTMadhya Pradesh government said the state forest department and Dehradun-based Wildlife Institute of India (WII) feel that the process of shifting of the lions can be started immediately.Gujarat has been opposing Madhya Pradesh's request of seeking lions from it. (Representational)New Delhi: The Madhya Pradesh government has sought the "Centre's help" in getting Asiatic lions from Gujarat's Gir which has been delayed by over five years despite a Supreme Court order, according to official documents.In a letter to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, it said the state forest department and Dehradun-based Wildlife Institute of India (WII) feel that the process of shifting of the lions can be started immediately. (Hence, it is requested to issue necessary direction for the shifting of lions from Gujarat to Madhya Pradesh, the letter said.A copy of the letter was received in response to an RTI query filed by wildlife activist Ajay Dubey.The Gujarat government, however, has "maintained"that it would wait completion of studies as per the relocation guidelines of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) before releasing the lions, according to the communique.The Supreme Court had in April 2013 directed shifting of some lions from Gir to Madhya Pradesh by October of that year, saying the species "should have a second home to "save" it from extinction, due to catastrophes like epidemic, large forest fire etc".Gujarat has been opposing Madhya Pradesh's request of seeking lions from it.The Madhya Pradesh government had chosen Palpur-Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in Sheopur district of Gwalior division as a second home for over 500 Asiatic lions.But not a single lion has been shifted so far.According to other documents accessed by Dubey through RTI, about Rs. 14.84 crore has been spent by the Madhya Pradesh government in translocation of 1,543 families from 24 villages of the area to pave way for lions entry into the Park."The central government must issue a direction to ensure lions from Gir are shifted to MP at the earliest," Dubey said.The matter of shifting of lions had cropped up in a meeting, which was attended by representatives of Gujarat and MP governments besides a renowned wildlife scientist, in September last year.In the meeting, the scientist had said Palpur-Kuno is ready to accommodate 40 lions from Gujarat, according to minutes of the meeting.https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/madhya-p...L4UipiUzewBJP MPs who failed to bring a Lion in Kuno Palpur, now the Congress play the betsWith the arrival of the Congress government in Madhya Pradesh, people have started a new hope by starting work on bringing a lion in Kuno Palpur and in Sheopur the Congress is preparing to surround the BJP by making it a big issue in the Lok Sabha elections.Kuno Palpur NP, SheopurDeepak Dandotiya | News18, Madhya PradeshUpdated: January 25, 2019, 1:07 PM ISTEven after completing all the preparations in the Kuno Palpur of Sheopur, which is considered to be a great hope for development of Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh, the lions are not brought from Gujarat. With the absence of a lion in the forest, people in the hope of employment and business in the tourism sector are disappointed. The disappointment and resentment of the youth in the district is clearly visible. Let us tell you that the then BJP government had promised to increase the tourism business by bringing the lion from Gujarat to the lions, but now there is anger in the youth of the district against the BJP leaders.This disappointment in the Young Voters of Sheopur may also make the BJP imapact in the Lok Sabha elections. Regional MP Anoop Mishra, in the last Lok Sabha elections, had brought victory in the issue of bringing a lion from Gujarat to the people by demanding and winning good votes, but after winning the elections, he did not take any step towards bringing the lion in the kuno, As a result the young voters of Sheopur is angry with the previous MP.With the arrival of the Congress government in Madhya Pradesh, people have started a new hope by starting work on bringing a lion in Kuno Palpur and in Sheopur the Congress is preparing to surround the BJP by making this a big issue in the Lok Sabha elections. Senior journalist Bharat Sharma is considered to be very necessary to bring Asian Lion in Kuno for the development of the district. Now the Congress is preparing to encroach on BJP MPs for ignoring the development of the district and while giving clearance on this wildlife experts certified that kuno is a good place for lions, works towards that directions are started for the improvement in Conservation of the Ex National Animal of India.https://hindi.news18.com/news/madhya-pra...67326.htmlAlso read: Palpur koono sanctuary of shyopur is still waiting for the roar of lionsNow the Asian lions roar in the Koono National Park of Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh government to apply for Supreme Court to get Asiatic LionPublish Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2019 08:53 AM (IST)Kuno Palpur National Park in Sheopur district is waiting for lions for 27 years.Bhopal: The state government will once again go to the Supreme Court to take the Asiatic Lion from the Gujarat government. The government has started its preparation.The court will also be told that most of the conditions of the Gujarat government have been fulfilled by one year, yet the lions are not being given. Whereas from the development of the park, the MP government has to spend a lot of money on its supervision. At the same time, the purpose behind shifting lions is also not being fulfilled.Kuno Palpur National Park in Sheopur district is waiting for lions for 27 years. The state government has fulfilled all the necessary conditions, which the Supreme Court's Expert Committee and the Gujarat Government had placed before him.The Indian Wildlife Institute (WII) scientists of Dehradun are also telling the enough arrangements for lions in Kuno Palpur. Still, the situation is not clear about the lions being brought to fruition.In view of this situation, the state government has decided to go to court again because taking the danger of extinction point of view, lion was decided to be shifted to other states outside Gujarat in 1994 for their protection and conservation. Last year more than two dozen lions died from infection in Gir Sanctuary. So, now it has become a condition to save them.Government changeChanging the government in MP changed the lion's arrival. The BJP government was in power for 15 years and after the former Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi became the Prime Minister, the Shivraj Singh government of the MP could not show strictly in this matter.Now there is a Congress government in the state, which, in any case, will try to fulfill the Supreme Court's decision. The court had passed a decision to lodge MP in 2013. Since then, the forest officers of Gujarat are entangled in this matter. The Empower Committee (Empowered Committee) always keeps the new terms.Will talk in courtKuno Palpur is fully prepared for lions. The notification of the National Park, which is being said to be a major obstacle in shifting, has also been made. Now we will keep our point in front of the Central Government and the Supreme Court. - Umang Singhar, Minister of Forestshttps://naidunia.jagran.com/madhya-prade...4ZkuaQzzXUBetter home for Lions RequiredRaj Express - January 11, 2019Bhopal: Madhya Pradesh's Forest Minister Umang Singhar has pledged to bring lions (Panthera leo leo) in the Kuno-Palpur National Park. The initiative to bring lions from Gujarat to Madhya Pradesh has been done for years but success has not been achieved yet. Even though the lions are getting care and facilities in Gujarat, but Kuno Palpur of Madhya Pradesh has also been fully prepared to do the same purpose and welcome the endangered lions.Thanks to the newly elected Forest Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Umang Singar. He has conveyed the determination to bring Lion from Gujarat to Kuno-Palpur National Park in Madhya Pradesh. At the end of the twentieth century, wild zoologists had realised that centralization of rare species such as Asiatic lions in the same place in Gujarat's Gir reserve is not well. They can be victims of any infectious disease or epidemic in coming future leading their extinction from face of the earth.Accordingly, the identification of the Kuno-Palpur Protected Area of Sheopur district was made as consensus by alternate accommodation. There they have their most appropriate safe habit and hunting (prey-base) available. Now it has been expanded and given the status of National Park. But Gujarat had denounced the lions as the symbol of Asmita, saying that it will not give even a single Lion's hair.Vanraj (Lion) seems to have lost or defeated in the game in front of this Rajhath (politics). In response to the question of Kirtivardhan Singh in the Lok Sabha, the central government admitted that 37 lions died in the period of September-December, 1918 in Gir.The reason for the death of lions is given as the Canine Distemper Virus and babesiosis Protozoa Infection:Vanraj's (King of the jungle) title was in vain for Singh (lion). What is the status of lion in front of Rajhath (politics)...?In the first assembly, it was reported in the Gujarat Assembly that 184 Singhs (lions) have died in the two years of 2016 and 2017.The future of lions expressed by wildlife experts have been proved right after twenty five years. But is it still Gujarat? The Supreme Court has decided in favor of transfer. But Gujarat probably feels that the lion is its identity and giving it to another state is to affect the identity and one of the source of income of Gujarat.Swaps of natural resources continue on the indigenous and foreign levels.In the year 1930, the Duke of Bedford of Britain had demanded a deer named Hangul from Kashmir and in return gave trout fish, which is still there.Madhya Pradesh's Narmada river quenches thirst for Gujarat (dry state) in Kutch and Gujarat's milk is drunk in all the country. Gujarat state is benefitting from other states in all aspects but still it's selfish to give lions because it had become a matter of pride (i don't think it is about pride) and money...There is no tiger in Gujarat. They can take some tiger couples and can give us the lion instead. The Supreme Court has clearly said that Singh (lion) is India's identity and not a particular state and it is clearly amended in Constitution of India. A few days ago, the US had told that there are Barasingha (12 horned antelope or Swamp deer) in Madhya Pradesh. America offered royalty and designation to this region for its protection by treating this state as the original source of this rare species and saving the natural heritage.The ownership of the state of Gujarat is not new to the lions. In the middle of the 20th century, till independence, there were both lions and tigers in many indigenous princely states.In the reign of Baroda King Sayajirao III, then the eastern part of present Gir forest was in the same state. In the year 1931, during the reign of King Krishna Singh of Bhavnagar, Ghumantu Singh started going round the princely state. The ancient princely state of Junagadh had only thirty lions in 1891, the infamous Chappanas of 1899-1901, in the famine, the lions had started hunting the human being.This was the time when the then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, had advised the conservation of this species by rejecting the hunting invitation of Junagadh's Nawab, the victim of lions. Since many princely states such as Baroda, Bilkha, Jetpur etc..., were all around Junagadh principality, so it was natural for the lions to go to these areas.At that time the Baroda kings used to lay down goats and goats on the border to attract the lions of Junagadh and beat Junagadh drums and then dispersed them again.At the same time, Bikaner Naresh Gangasinh expressed his desire to meet Junagadh Nawab Mahavat Khan in connection with the lions. The Nawab's ownership spirit on the lions was so strong that he refused to meet. In 1904, Lord Curzon, Gwalior, came to the King on the invitation of Madhavrao Scindia. Then he suggested in the context of forests of Kuno-Palpur, that some Singhs (lions) from Junagadh should be left here. The Gwalior-King tried. Lord Curzon had also recommended, but the Nawab of Junagadh did not agree with Tas.Even today, Gujarat has been avoiding such lacuna in giving lion to Madhya Pradesh. Is Gujarat's proprietary sense of lions in today's present-day Federalist Democratic India as it exists?Maharaj Kumar Ranjit Singhji of Bankankar Raj Bhavan in Gujarat has been in many senior positions including Chief Secretary Forest in Madhya Pradesh. His book 'A Life With Wild Life' has just been published recently.In March last year, he was in Bhopal. He then told his father, Bankankar Naresh, that when the Junagadh Nawab was going to Pakistan by running under the influence of his Diwan Shahnawaz Bhutto (father of former Prime Minister of Pakistan) Bhutto, flying over the Gir and Girnar, he filled his eyes with tears "What would happen to my lions?"In reality: Although Gujarat has preserved these Singhs very gloriously but due to the traditional ownership spirit, Madhya Pradesh is unable to find the lion, though there is a crisis on them. Therefore, now it is necessary to think in this direction so that the ending crisis (extinction) of this creature can be avoided.MD Chaturvedi, the first Inspector General of India, wrote in one of his book 'Singh Parivar' that the Gwalior king had deserted Junagadh and left the countryside with lions and left it here. Under the leadership of a specialist DM network, he opened the Singh Mohalla in 1905 and also kept a one lakh rupees budget. The lions also breed, but in those days neither the GPS, neither the modern camera nor the hunting was restricted.So these Singh went out of the princely state and were killed. Remember that this project of Gwalior-Naresh was taken care of by his hunting advocate, James Adam. It was a coincidence that his son, George Adamson, had lost his life in the preservation of lions in Africa with his wife Jaayy. Born Free, a book written on lions, is a witness to his conservation campaign. Then did Junior Adamson get the privilege of lion protection living in Gwalior with his father?Whatever state is going on between the lions in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, but problems related to them can be solved easily. Today's visionary statesman like Mrs. Anandiben Patel is the Governor of Madhya Pradesh. They, both Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, are capable and capable in full form. We should take advantage of their merit and find solutions to rescue fallen lions. Madhya Pradesh has been demanding lions from Gujarat for a long time.If the side of Madhya Pradesh is seen, the protection of lions lies in its demand. They will stay in Kuno-Palpur National Park of the state, they will be better. Neglecting Lions is not something to ignore Gujarat. They must understand this thing.http://rajexpress.co/2019/01/11/better-h...GHoc1LjaPAMeanwhile in Madhya Pradesh after congress coming into power, nearly every day news is coming that they will do their best to bring lions to Kuno.Like one of these:I will do my best to get lions for Kuno: SitaramDainik Bhaskar Jan 05, 2019, 05:05 AM ISTAddressed by the MLA SitaramI will do my best to get the lion from the gir to Kuno as early as possible. In this regard, we will also propose a proposal in the assembly. This was stated by legislator Sitaram Adivasi during a forest cognition program in Karhal on Friday.He said that the lion will be brought in this sanctuary as soon as possible. Which means the name of Kuno will be illuminated throughout the state. Also, I will put all my strengths in the field for development. It is our responsibility to preserve forest wealth. Also, it is our duty to protect the biodiversity wealth here which we should keep in every situation.Forest Cognition Program was organized by the General Forest Department of Kaharal on Friday. In which the students of local and government school are attending. They also provided information related to forests and animals. Along with this, the forest area was also rotated. Apart from this, information about forest conservation and forest wealth protection was given.https://www.bhaskar.com/mp/sheopur/news/...M5VUBYYUvEMP minister: Why can not a lion be given by Gujarat instead of Narmada water?Forest Minister Umang Singhar has said that the lion will be brought from Gujarat to Kuno Palpur in the state.Umang Singhar (Photo-News18)Anurag Shrivastava | News18, Madhya PradeshUpdated: January 2, 2019, 1:43 PM ISTMadhya Pradesh Forest Minister Umang Singhar has said that lions will be brought from Gujarat to Kuno Palpur in the state. On the delay in giving Lion to the Gujarat government, he said that when the water from Narmada water is being taken from Gujarat to the state, why is there a refusal to give Lion?Actually, rare Asian lions are now found in Gujarat. According to a report in 2016, on the issue of sending these lions to Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary located in Gir National Park in Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh, the Gujarat government had given signs of softening in its stand. However, after that the issue remained lying.Earlier, the Supreme Court had approved the plan to send some sanctuary to Asiatic Lions in 2013. The Expert Committee in its report in 2014 had said that Kuno Sanctuary is ready to take the fallen lions. In addition, the committee suggested to bring lions from five to 10 groups. However, the Gujarat government did not consider this suggestion and had opposed it in the forthcoming meetings of the Expert Committee.Even during the previous Shivraj Sarkar, he had worked on this matter. Now when asked on the issue with the new government, he said that the Gujarat government should give lions. It will be interesting to see now how long it will take to bring these lingers in demand.https://hindi.news18.com/news/madhya-pra...38441.htmlMadhya Pradesh: Kuno notified as national park, path clear for Gir lions| Monday | 24th December, 2018The state declared 748.7618 sq km area within more than 1200 sq km Kuno wildlife division (inside 3300 sq km Kuno forested Landscape) as a protected area to resolve the issue. Gujarat government had moved a curative petition in Supreme Court as its last legal resort to retain its Asiatic lions. While MP won the eight-year-long legal battle with Gujarat in 2013, the latter had been dilly-dallying compliance. Nath met officials later and promised to take up the matter towards a logical conclusion. MP government circles had gone to the extent of suggesting that they were not averse to retaining the tag of ‘Gir' or ‘Gujarat' to identify the relocated lions at their new home in Kuno-Palpur.https://www.nyoooz.com/news/bhopal/12876...gir-lions/BHOPAL: The notification was published on December 14, minutes after Congress announced Kamal Nath as the new chief minister of the state. If everything goes right then there will be a final structure designed to bring lions by the next new year's January month and by February a smooth pavement to transfer will be implemented and second phase of the Project-Shifting of healthy lions will be started. Shivraj never spoke on this issue publicly considering Modi’s possessiveness over Gir Lions.State government has declared Kuno National Park with inclusion of an area spread along 404.0758 sq.km area in addition to the earlier notified area of 344.686 sq km making a total of 748.7618 sq km area and the state government got orders to implement translocation.The case here is still stuckDespite the proposal to de-notify the 202 sq km area of Karera Wildlife Sanctuary under district Shivpuri and 80 sq km of area of Ghatigaon Sonchidiya/Sonchiraiya Sanctuary under Gwalior, it is still yet to be implemeted.After de notification of both the areas, Government "would add them into Kuno Palpur" in Ghatigaon area and the Forest Department had sent proposal to the government to de-notify/decrypt the 25 villages in the Ghatigaon region, these proposals have already been approved by the government, but the permission from State Wildlife Board and Central Wildlife Board is yet to be received. After this permission, the diagnosis will be implemented.Since when the process is going on?In 1996, work on planning to shift lions began.Project was prepared in 2003.Gujarat had expressed its inability to give the lions to the lions.During the inspection, the committee talked of giving the status of National Park along with increasing the area of the sanctuary.The Forest Department initiated action for denotification of 202 sq. Km of land of Son Chiraiah and Kerera Sanctuary.In January 2017, the Empowers Committee inspected the Kuno Sanctuary. what will happen now?After getting the national status, the Empower Committee will come again to visit Kuno.After getting the green flag of the committee, the arrival of lions will start.A decision has been made to make Kuno/Koono a national park, on Saturday the government issued its notification. The Gujarat government is not ready to give lions right now. Our process is continuing. Proposal for denotification of entire area of Karera Sanctuary has to be sent to the Supreme Court soon.Shahbaz Ahmed, Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlife) BhopalThe expert committee had visited Kuno in December 2017. After visiting the sanctuary, the panel members had found the atmosphere in Kuno-Palpur suitable for shifting of lions. Gujarat, too, could not question much on MP’s preparedness to host the lions, sources said. Madhya Pradesh forest department, it seems, was wait .. Read more at:http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/67227362.cms?utm_source=nyoooz&utm_medium=post&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppsthttps://www.patrika.com/gwalior-news/gir...y-3879232/Biggest barrier of bringing Asiatic lions in Kuno Palpur Sanctuary (758 km2) of Madhya Pradesh is almost to end as the Madhya Pradesh Government is likely to release notification for extending the area of sanctuary by 413 square kilo meter. After extending the limits of Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary, it would get status of National Park. Moreover, if its area is increased then it will be also fulfilling the condition of Gujarat government for translocation of its world-famous Asiatic lions. Total Kuno wildlife division under protection is 1200 sq km of the total 3300 sq km Kuno forested landscape.After extension of its area, Kuno Palpur Sanctuary, which has been developed for translocation of Asiatic lions, will spread over 1,288 sq km of area.There is proposal to de-notify the 202 sq km area of Karera Wildlife Sanctuary under district Shivpuri and 80 sq km of area of Ghatigaon Sonchidiya Sanctuary under Gwalior.After de notification of both the areas, Government "would add them into Kuno Palpur".Karera Wildlife Sanctuary was established in year 1981 to protect the population of Great Indian Bustard in the area. Now, the area is being notified by Government due to protest by the local people and extinction of the Great Indian Bustard bird locally.“We proposed Government to extend the area of Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary by another 413 sq km and also provide it status of National Park. Sanctuary has been developed for translocation of Asiatic lions project which is pending from over the years,” said Alok Kumar, Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (APCCF).Talking to ‘The Hitavada’, he said the biggest condition set by Gujarat government was to extend the area of Kuno Palpur Sanctuary for translocation of Asiatic Lions and if the area of sanctuary is increased by another 413 sq km then automatically, Gujarat demand would get fulfilled.At present, Kuno Palpur Sanctuary is spread over 345 sq km of area and now proposal has been come up to add another 413 sq km area into it.If sanctuary gets national park status then this 413 km of area will be developed as "core area" and 530 sq km of additional area will be buffer zone.He said at present Asiatic lions is only in Gir National Park of Gujarat. In year 1991, proposal came up to translocate few Asiatic lions in Madhya Pradesh to save the endangered species from extinction. Madhya Pradesh Government selected Kuno Palpur area for the project and started preparing the jungles of Kuno Palpur sanctuary. In year 2003, state government staked claim for translocation of Asiatic Lions from Gujarat by saying that Kuno Palpur sanctuary is ready in this regard. However, Gujarat Government had certain objections over the issue and still issue pertaining to translocation of Asiatic lions which is in doldrums. He said after getting final nod in cabinet meet, proposal will be sent to the Central Forest, Environment and Climate Change Ministry. The proposal will also be presented before National Wildlife Board for final nod.http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2018/12/23/...tatus.aspxWe know how strongly Modi feels about the Gujarati identity. His unwillingness to insure the Asiatic lion against "extinction" by translocating a few prides emanates from this.https://herdongazette.com/why-we-must-sa...el/142249/2 lions i.e.., Lioness Laxmi and lion Vishnu, brought from Hyderabad zoo in 2013, died the following year, their death attributed to CDV in etawah safari Park of UP.https://indianexpress.com/article/india/...e-2979775/When there is positive, there is a negative, in the same way, light-dark, god-devil(just example) and finally, good-bad. The reintroduction of zoo lions (zoos are built for this purpose, ex-situ conservation and rescue of species in emergency purposes of extinction by reintroducing them not commercial purpose) to Mp's wild helps in conservation of species. In that need of the hour case, Mp should neglect the negative people who are opposing this as there will be some people who always oppose good.If that happens, then the situation reverses after a certain time in which Gujarat begs/urges for the lions from MP in order to save its lions as Gir lions survival will be at risk due to inbreeding, also, a massive damage to Gujarat lion tourism occurs, as better wild breed lion subspecies will be available in coexistence with tiger exclusively in the world, will exist. Gujarat also begs to give some tigers also (if they don't occupy dangs forest till then). In that for the survival of two population in Gir and mp, both will mutually exchange for the viability of both of them, craze and pressure for money on Gir lions by the Gujarat govt decreases and it will be checkmate for Gujarat's arrogance, greed and monopoly too. let's hope for the best to nature in the future.MP then will also give lions to Rajasthan.Govt Claims Infighting Resulted in Lion DeathsThe state government has claimed that three lion cubs were killed by a male lion to establish dominance, while two lionesses and an adult lion died from respiratory and hepatic (relating to the liver) failure. The post-mortem reports of five other lions, including two cubs and one lioness, are yet to come in.A team comprising top officials and experts from the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and Dehradun-based Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is probing the death. In their preliminary report, they have claimed that the cause of death was infighting, and infection caused by resultant injuries.An Asiatic lion rests in Gir forest. (Photo: Reuters)The forest department claims that the death of the lion cub on Monday was natural as 70 percent of lion cubs fail to reach adulthood. According to the department around 100 lions die annually, with the death rate peaking during monsoon – an average of 31 to 32 lions die during the three months of monsoon. Floods due to heavy rains killed and washed away lots of lions a few years back and recently epidemic (CDV, babesiosis, PPR.. etc..,)disasters occurring.‘Lions Don’t Kill Lionesses’Additional Chief Secretary (Forest) Rajiv Gupta told reporters that the Central team had concluded that the deaths were not due to ‘unnatural’ causes, such as intentional poisoning by humans.However, a local wildlife activist under the condition of anonymity said, “Ideally the SC order should be adhered to ensure that the lion population thrives in multiple locations. However, the government is showing zero keenness to move lions and its negative impact can be seen on the ground. Right now, poisoning of lions cannot be ruled out until the post-mortem report throws light on the real picture.”Gir Lion resting in the shade. (Photo Courtesy: Wikimedia)“One thing is for sure, infighting couldn’t have been the reason for the deaths of the lionesses. Infighting is a territorial phenomenon where lions fight among themselves or kill the cubs of the lioness so that the latter submits to them for mating. There is no reason why they will kill the lioness for the sake of territory.”Local Wildlife ActivistGir is SaturatedGujarat is home to 523 lions according to the 2015 census (109 male, 201 female, 73 sub-adults and 140 cubs). Wildlife experts predict that the numbers could well be exceeding over 600 in 2018.At least 45-50 percent of these lions move outside the protected areas and are often seen crossing highways and railway lines which results in unnatural deaths.The birth of eleven lion cubs in the Gir Sanctuary had created quite a stir on social media. (Courtesy: AP screengrab)Former Principal Chief Conservator of Forests in Gujarat and present member of the National Board for Wildlife, HS Singh spoke to The Quint at length about the various factors that could have led to the recent lion deaths.“First of all, Gir is saturated. There are over 600 lions in Gujarat and the Gir can hold around 300 to 330. The remaining have ventured out of the protected areas all the way to the coast. This puts them in direct contact with all sorts of domesticated animals which can result in infections and diseases.”“Easiest way to get infected is through dogs. Lions prey on stray dogs and get infected by ticks. If the dogs are rabid then it is a death sentence for the lion. This has happened many times before as well, even the British era back in 1931, lions and leopards were dying in huge numbers because they feasted on rabid dogs.”HS Singh, Former Principal Chief Conservator of Forests in Gujarat and present member of the National Board for WildlifeTranslocation Remains on the Back-BurnerWildlife experts vouch for translocation to ensure that the lion population does not breach the protected zone, thereby protecting it from epidemics, large forest fires and human interaction.In fact, talks on translocation started way back in 1993-94; in 2006, a lawsuit was filed in the Supreme Court demanding reasons for the delay in translocation. On 15 April 2013, the SC ordered the Gujarat government to translocate lions within six months to Madhya Pradesh’s Kuno-Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary.Ajay Shankar Dubey, who is a wildlife activist based in Madhya Pradesh, filed a contempt petition in the SC in 2014 after Gujarat failed to comply with the SC order. The case was first heard in November 2017 and in March 2018 the SC discharged the plea after the Union government gave assurances that a Standing Committee will be formed, and translocation will be expedited soon.“The standing committee met just once in March 2018 and since then no meetings were held. We will approach the SC once again next week as the Gujarat government is hiding behind a pile of excuses. These lion deaths make our case stronger because overpopulation of lions can lead to viral infections and epidemics.”Ajay Shankar Dubey, wildlife activistMP Increases Area of Kuno-Palpur SanctuaryThe Madhya Pradesh government was asked to increase the land area of the sanctuary to accommodate lions from Gir, which it did.“We have de-notified two wildlife sanctuaries and increased the size of Kuno-Palpur from 350 Sq Km to over 700 Sq Km [Kuno Palpur National Park (412 km2 core and surrounding 540 odd km2 buffer NP in 1200 km2 Kuno Sanctuary increased from 900 km2), (Kuno Wildlife Division converted to Kuno Sanctuary entirely-1200 odd km2) (Kuno Landscape is of 3300 km2-3500 km2 and the surrounding forested landscape around 1200 km2 sanctuary is 2300 km2 nearly will act as a buffer for lion populations after decades) and some other 2 protected areas/sanctuaries surrounding were demarcated and denotified added Kuno to increase even more]. This was a requirement raised by the expert committee formed by the Union Government for trans-locating lions from Gir to Kuno.”Alok Kumar, Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (APCCF) of the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department“The Madhya Pradesh government has met with all the stipulations. Yet the Gujarat government is unnecessarily delaying the translocation process citing International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines. Those guidelines have already been reviewed under the Supreme Court order,” Dubey added.There is still no word from the Gujarat government about translocating lions to MP as it frantically tries to save face. The Quint tried to reach the state forest minister Ganpat Vasava on the phone multiple times, but he has not responded yet.https://www.thequint.com/news/india/lion...anslocated‘Barda Dungar within reach of outbreak’The state government feels that a new home for Asiatic Lion outside gir limits- Barda Dungar in Porbandar district-80 km may help to save them. But male lions travel vast distances. A male lion finds very easy to reach gir overnight and this is not the solution for inbreeding. There is no difference if Lions stay in gir or gir plus Barda whether it is one thousand or one lakh kilometre square area it is just nothing but range extension which is not the solution now. The translocation aim is to stop inbreeding and make a separate gene pool which needed to completely break off the connection with the gir but the Barda region is in greater gir just 80-75 km away. It is still a basket for eggs no matter how big it is. There is a need of creating another basket whether in Rajasthan or Madhya Pradesh within Kathiwar deciduous ecoregion. One of the world's leading lion conservation experts, Dr Craig Packer has cautioned that the Barda Dungar will be 'within reach of outbreak’.http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/artic...aign=cppsthttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city...209321.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/artic...aign=cppsthttps://www.thequint.com/news/india/guja...ion-deathshttps://www.thequint.com/videos/pride-of...iven-trialhttps://www.thequint.com/news/india/guja...ll-cornershttps://www.thequint.com/news/india/lion...ujarat-girhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nywfZH1x...ture=sharehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZzASSxA...ture=sharehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKmkpAy3...ture=sharehttps://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/...430XukvHk0https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news...vqS_yObWPkhttps://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/a...lr-8NvZ6T0https://www.change.org/p/indian-governme...r2G7NMYip8http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2018/8/28/K...sq-km.aspxWildlife authorities in MP sound helpless. "Lion translocation is a central project. WE HAVE UPGRADED KUNO FROM A SANCTUARY TO A NATIONAL PARK. It is up to the MoEF to get the lions from Gujarat," says chief wildlife warden, MP, Shahbaz Ahmed.https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/natio...Gr1Ne5gE5Ahttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city...Eq0L0u--gohttps://www.deccanherald.com/national/ic...FrTmpZkhwQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oymrqS_A...tOfWWsfv-Ahttps://m.timesofindia.com/city/ahmedaba...5U3PILA1ughttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxSuBAPQ...ture=sharehttp://wolfeducationinternational.com/wp...singh..pdfHere’s Why Gir Lions May Never Leave Gujarat for MPGujarat is the only home for Asiatic lions on the planet, and they are all concentrated in and around the Gir range. Conservation efforts in the state have helped the lion population recover from the brink of extinction to over 600 lions in 2017.Yet, there is a risk of deadly diseases and unnatural deaths because a significant number of lions live outside the protected area of Gir. For conservationists, translocation of lions is the one stop solution to ensure that the feline population grows across the country.However, the Gujarat government is in no mood to share its lions with any other state. In April 2013, the Supreme Court ordered Gujarat to move some lions to Kuno Palpur Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh within six months.Five years have passed since the SC passed the order and not a single lion has been moved to Madhya Pradesh. Instead, the state government plans to spend Rs 351 crore on the latest drone and CCTV cameras, hospitals, etc for its conservation efforts.The Quint explains why the Gujarat government is unwilling to part ways with its lions in the name of ‘Gujarati Asmita’ or Gujarati Pride.https://www.thequint.com/news/india/gir-...of-sc-ruleAre Asiatic Lions Paying the Price for Gujarati Asmita?Gujarat government calls Asiatic lions ‘The pride of Gujarat’, but is not willing to share its ‘pride’ with other states. In April 2013, the Supreme Court had directed the Gujarat government to translocate some lions to Madhya Pradesh’s Kuno-Palpur wildlife sanctuary within six months.Five years have passed since the apex court’s ruling, and the Gujarat government has brazenly violated the order. It is no secret that the Gir range is overpopulated with lions, and the big cat pays a heavy price. Last week 11 lion carcasses were found in Dalkhaniya and Jashadhar of the Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, followed by the death of two more lions on Monday.https://www.thequint.com/news/india/lion...anslocatedProsecute those who scuttled SC judgment to protect Gir LionsJustice KS Radhakrishnan talks to Mathrubhumi :The sole objective of the SC judgment was to protect the endangered Gir Lions of Gujarat, concluded the court after detailed discussions with eminent wildlife biologists of India, apart from meticulously evaluating the scientific studies of the Wildlife Institute of India, said Justice KS Radhakrishnan. But it seems that the judgment was scuttled without caring for the lions. Those who scuttled it should be brought before law for contempt of court proceedings as well as subjected to prosecution, he said in an interview to Mathrubhumi Online.The judgment was delivered by a division bench of the court on April 15, 2013. At least two decades back Dehradun’s Wildlife Institute has been carrying detailed scientific studies to protect the Asiatic lions, now living only around Gir, had felt that the Gir lions need a second home, because in case an epidemic spreads, the entire lion community would be wiped out. If any such thing occurs in Gir, it would cause irrecoverable havoc.After studies, the wildlife institute came to the conclusion that Kuno forest in MP is an ideal location with the same habitat like Gir with similar terrain, grasslands, water availability and enough prey. The region was a former habitat of lions in India. The union forest ministry had approved the same while we considered a petition to translocate a few lions to Kuno and gradually implement the union ministry’s project so that a part of them can be shifted and protected. The Court had detailed discussions with wildlife biologists who were present in the court.We bestowed our anxious considerations to protect a species but the judgment was scuttled said the Justice.From the very beginning, the Gujarat Government was objecting to the second home in Kuno. They said the lions were well protected but the Court, on the basis of scientific studies, approved the project as fully supported by the Union Government,\ which was directed to implement the judgment within six months from the date of pronouncing the order.A committee was formed by the union government to implement it. At first, at least 10 lions were to be taken to Kuno and gradually in a time bound project more lions would be shifted. But nothing happened, the committee was silenced. It met only a few times in last few years and In 2015, the then Forest Minister Prakash Javadekar told the Parliament that the implementation will take some more time though the Court had fixed six months. That sounded the death knell of the committee.Justice Radhakrishnan opined that the union government should find out who were all responsible to scuttle the judgment. They have to be prosecuted prosecuted for violating the judgment of the court. The judgment was delivered imbibing the spirit of the Wildlife Protection Act, Biological Diversity Act and numerous proceedings taken by the Union Ministry of Forests to protect the endangered species. But it was given scant respect, observed Justice Radhakrishnan.Now the scenario is alarming as 23 lions are dead due to viral infection. But some unofficial sources claimed the toll to be as high as at 60!Though the Gujarat government lied that death was due to infightings among the lions, until the Virology Institute of Pune has said that viral infection was the cause of deaths. Now a bench of the SC headed by Justice Madan Lokur is aware of the serious situation of non-implementing a well-considered judgment of 2013.Grassland environments like in states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, MP, UP, Haryana, Punjab and middle of Deccan peninsula. In north east India those are replaced by flood plains environment. hence “not that much” suitable for reintroduction of grassland species like lion, cheetah and GIB etc..,All last strongholds mentioned in the last post marked on satellite image of Indian subcontinent.Prime habitats on Indo-Gangetic plain already gone. Asiatic lion last strongholds in India map.Kuno is one of the best in the world and the best in country for lion resettelment.Sanju's answer to How is Palpur-Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary?NATURE IS THE PROPERTY OF THE NATION.