C A R Form Lr Revised 2020: Fill & Download for Free

Lets start with JEE MAINS.What you need to know about JEE Main 2020 before you startJEE Main 2020 will be held twice - January and April.National Testing Agency is the conducting body for the computer based testAdmissions to NITs, IIITs, GFTIs and other universities are through JEE Main.The application process is online and the test is held in multiple sessions across the country.About 12 lakh students appear for MAINS every year.How to prepare for JEE Main 2020 - stages of preparationKnow your JEE Main 2020 syllabusUnderstand the exam pattern of JEE MainMake the JEE Main 2020 preparation planBooks to referPractice till you are perfect using mock tests and previous year papersExam Day StrategyStart with the Syllabus - Know which topics to studyTo crack JEE Main, one needs to be well versed in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics of class 11 and 12. NTA elaborates the syllabus to study from. This allows students to know what to prepare before how to prepare for JEE Main 2020.Segregate the JEE Main SyllabusOne step is to segregate the topics in each subject into class 11 and class 12 to allow for common preparation for both board and entrance exams. Second, the topics from the JEE MAINS Syllabus must be divided into easy, tough and very tough so that the how to prepare for JEE Main plan is made accordingly.JEE Main Syllabus - Important Topics with weightageWhile studying the complete syllabus is important, it is also a wise strategy to give importance to those topics that carry weightage in JEE Main. An analysis of the past 20 years of the papers of JEE Main and AIEEE show the following topics are important. The respective weightage of the same is given below. Make sure to incorporate this in your how to prepare for JEE Main plan.JEE Main 2020 Physics Topics with WeightagePhysics and Measurement carries 4% weightageWork Energy and Power has 3% weightageRotational Motion carries 3% weightageProperties of Solids and Liquids have 5% weightageKinetic theory of Gases carries 3% weightageElectromagnetic Induction and Alternating currents have 3% weightageExperimental skills carry 3% weightageKinematics has 3% weightageLaws of motion carries 3% weightageGravitation has 2% weightageThermodynamics carries 9% weightageOscillations and Waves have 3% weightageElectrostatics carries 9% weightageCurrent Electricity has 8% weightageMagnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism carries 5% weightageElectromagnetic Waves has 5% weightageOptics carries 10% weightageDual Nature of Matter and Radiation has 6% weightageAtoms and Nuclei carries 3% weightageElectronic devices have 14% weightageCommunication Systems carry 5% weightageJEE Main 2020 Maths Topics with WeightageSets, Relations and Functions has 5% weightageComplex numbers and quadratic equations carries 7% weightageMatrices and Determinants has 7% weightagePermutations and combinations carries 4% weightageBinomial theorem and its simple applications has 2% weightageSequence and series carries 5% weightageIntegral Calculus has 9% weightageLimit, continuity and differentiability carries 10% weightageCo-ordinate geometry has 15% weightageThree Dimensional Geometry carries 6% weightageVector Algebra has 5% weightageStatistics and Probability carries 8% weightageTrigonometry has 4% weightageMathematical reasoning carries 3% weightageDifferential equations have 3% weightageMathematical Induction carries 3% weightageJEE Main 2020 Chemistry Topics with WeightageSome basic concepts in chemistry carries 5% weightageStates of matter has 3% weightageAtomic Structure carries 3% weightageSolutions have 5% weightageChemical Thermodynamics carries 4% weightageEquilibrium has 6% weightageRedox Reaction and Electrochemistry carries 4% weightageChemical kinetics has 3% weightageSurface Chemistry carries 1% weightageGeneral Principle and process of Isolation of metals has 2% weightageClassification of Elements and Periodic table carries 3% weightageHydrogen has 3% weightagep- Block Elements carries 5% weightageS - Block Elements Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals has 1% weightageChemical Bonding and Molecular Structure carries 5%d - and f - BLOCK ELEMENTS has 4% weightageCo-ordination Compounds carries 4% weightageEnvironmental Chemistry has 3% weightagePurification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds carries 3% weightageSome Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry has 3% weightageHydrocarbons carries 3% weightageOrganic Compounds containing Halogens has 2% weightageOrganic Compounds containing Oxygen carries 6% weightageOrganic Compounds Containing Nitrogen has 1% weightagePolymers carries 3% weightageBiomolecules has 3% weightageChemistry in Everyday Life carries 4% weightagePrinciples Related to Practical has Chemistry 3% weightageSome guidelines while making the JEE Main 2020 Preparation PlanGive equal weightage to all topicsDistribute the time needed to study it. Give more time to difficult topics and less to the ones you just need to revise.Ensure you have scheduled revision time in the planAction Plan for How to Prepare for JEE Main 2020Study a chapter and understand the concepts. NCERT books are good for this.While studying, make sure to note important points and formulas. This short notes will be useful during revision.After studying a chapter or topic, check how much you can recollect and to what extent you have understood the topic.Then practice questions based on the topic studied. While practising do not go for the solution directly. Try to solve yourself, make mistakes and then correct it. This step will help you to crack JEE Main.Make sure to give a mock test after completing the subject. Similarly ensure that you appear for as many mock tests as you can so that you can analyse your preparation levels, understand where you are making the mistakesUse the analysis to know your weak areas and concentrate on improving while revising.Be wise and Revise - Without revision, it is difficult to crack any exam especially one like JEE Main. You can only improve if you revise.Clear all your concepts, doubts. Never leave a question unanswered in your mind.Put the brake and take a break - While studying is good, it's not wise to do it continuously. So take some time off to refresh your mind before you start again. You can listen to music, play games or do what eases your brain. Physical exercise for half an hour or an hour helps in boosting the memory. Eat right.Best books for JEE Main 2020While NCERT books are good to cement your base, its advisable to move to specialized books on JEE Main. Over the years some of the reference books have become popular on account of the tips given in them, practice exercises that are given at the end of the chapter and the indepth knowledge that is necessary to crack JEE Main 2020. Your preparation would be complete by referring to the table given below.These are the books that are perfect to refer for IIT JEE also which includes both JEE Main and JEE Advanced. SOme of the books that can be used for JEE Main preparation areFor JEE ADVANCEDIn order to chalk-out a plan for JEE-Advanced preparation, it is crucial to have information about what all topics are covered in this examination. So, we start off with the syllabus...PHYSICSGeneral: Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis; least-count, significant figures; Methods of measurement and error analysis for physical quantities pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments based on using Vernier calipers and screw gauge (micrometer), Determination of g using simple pendulum, Young’s modulus by Searle’s method, Specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter, focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using u-v method, Speed of sound using resonance column, Verification of Ohm’s law using voltmeter and ammeter, and specific resistance of the material of a wire using meter bridge and post office box.Mechanics: Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only), projectiles; Uniform circular motion; Relative velocity. Newton’s laws of motion; Inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference; Static and dynamic friction; Kinetic and potential energy; Work and power; Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy. Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion; Impulse; Elastic and inelastic collisions. Law of gravitation; Gravitational potential and field; Acceleration due to gravity; Motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits; Escape velocity. Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point masses with rigid bodies. Linear and angular simple harmonic motions. Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus. Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’s law; Buoyancy; Surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise; Viscosity (Poiseuille’s equation excluded), Stoke’s law; Terminal velocity, Streamline flow, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Wave motion (plane waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of waves; Progressive and stationary waves; Vibration of strings and air columns; Resonance; Beats; Speed of sound in gases; Doppler effect (in sound).Thermal physics: Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases; Calorimetry, latent heat; Heat conduction in one dimension; Elementary concepts of convection and radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas laws; Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monoatomic and diatomic gases); Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work; First law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases); Blackbody radiation: absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff’s law; Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law.Electricity and magnetism: Coulomb’s law; Electric field and potential; Electrical potential energy of a system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; Electric field lines; Flux of electric field; Gauss’s law and its application in simple cases, such as, to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Capacitance; Parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics; Capacitors in series and parallel; Energy stored in a capacitor. Electric current; Ohm’s law; Series and parallel arrangements of resistances and cells; Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications; Heating effect of current. Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law; Magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field. Magnetic moment of a current loop; Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop; Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions. Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law; Self and mutual inductance; RC, LR and LC circuits with d.c. and a.c. sources.Optics: Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at plane and spherical surfaces; Total internal reflection; Deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin lenses; Magnification. Wave nature of light: Huygen’s principle, interference limited to Young’s double-slit experiment.Modern physics: Atomic nucleus; α, β and _ radiations; Law of radioactive decay; Decay constant; Half-life and mean life; Binding energy and its calculation; Fission and fusion processes; Energy calculation in these processes. Photoelectric effect; Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atoms; Characteristic and continuous Xrays, Moseley’s law; de Broglie wavelength of matter waves.CHEMISTRYPhysical Chemistry: General topics- Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions; Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality. Gaseous and liquid states: Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas equation; Deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Vapour pressure; Diffusion of gases. Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36); Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule; Orbital overlap and covalent bond; Hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only; Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species; Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral). Energetics: First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work; Enthalpy, Hess’s law; Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Free energy; Criterion of spontaneity. Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action; Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium; Solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts. Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard electrode potentials; Nernst equation and its relation to ΔG; Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law; Concentration cells. Chemical kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions; Order of reactions; Rate constant; First order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation). Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects. Solutions: Raoult’s law; Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Surface chemistry: Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples). Nuclear chemistry: Radioactivity: isotopes and isobars; Properties of α, β and γ rays; Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded), carbon dating; Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron ratio; Brief discussion on fission and fusion reactions.Inorganic Chemistry: Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals: Boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and halogens; Properties of allotropes of carbon (only diamond and graphite), phosphorus and sulphur. Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium; Boron: diborane, boric acid and borax; Aluminium: alumina, aluminium chloride and alums; Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid); Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide; Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and ammonia; Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine; Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide; Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide, oxides, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate; Halogens: hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder; Xenon fluorides. Transition elements (3d series): Definition, general characteristics, oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment; Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral). Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides and chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates ; Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate. Ores and minerals: Commonly occurring ores and minerals of iron, copper, tin, lead, magnesium, aluminium, zinc and silver. Extractive metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded); Carbon reduction method (iron and tin); Self reduction method (copper and lead); Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium); Cyanide process (silver and gold). Principles of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V ; Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.Organic Chemistry: Concepts- Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds; Shapes of simple organic molecules; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds); Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections); Resonance and hyperconjugation; Keto-enol tautomerism; Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion method); Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids; Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides; Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals. Preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes: Homologous series, physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density); Combustion and halogenation of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions. Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes: Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX (X=halogen) and H2O; Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides. Reactions of benzene: Structure and aromaticity; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of o-, m- and p-directing groups in monosubstituted benzenes. Phenols: Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenation, nitration and sulphonation); Reimer-Tieman reaction, Kolbe reaction. Characteristic reactions of the following (including those mentioned above): Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions; Alcohols: esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones; Ethers:Preparation by Williamson’s Synthesis; Aldehydes and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; aldol condensation, Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions (Grignard addition); Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis; Amines: basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines, preparation from nitro compounds, reaction with nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; carbylamine reaction; Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine substitution). Carbohydrates: Classification; mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose); Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose. Amino acids and peptides: General structure (only primary structure for peptides) and physical properties. Properties and uses of some important polymers: Natural rubber, cellulose, nylon, teflon and PVC. Practical organic chemistry: Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro; Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.MATHEMATICSAlgebra-Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations. Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots. Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers. Logarithms and their properties. Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients. Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three, inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables. Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, Bayes Theorem, independence of events, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations.Trigonometry-Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations. Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, half-angle formula and the area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only).Analytical geometry- Two dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin. Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line; Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a triangle. Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord. Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line. Equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal.Locus Problems- Three dimensions: Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane.Differential calculus- Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Limit and continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, L’Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions. Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions. Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the derivative, tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum values of a function, Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem.Integral calculus- Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus. Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas involving simple curves. Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations, separation of variables method, linear first order differential equations.Vectors- Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations.Phew! That was a quite a detailed syllabus...On the basis of this syllabus division, below given is a list of books to help you out. Most students generally use them for their JEE-Advanced preparations. It is not necessary for you to purchase all of them; rather you must go with the syllabus and select the books that suit you the most.Physics· H.C. Verma – Concepts of Physics, Volume I and II· D.C. Pandey – Complete set of books· I.E. Irodov – Problems in General PhysicsChemistry· O.P. Tandon – Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry· R.C. Mukherjee – Physical Chemistry· R.K. Gupta – Organic Chemistry· NCERT Textbooks – Inorganic Chemistry· P. Bahadur – Physical ChemistryMathematics· Arihant Publications – Amit Agarwal – All Sets· S.L. Loney – Plane Coordinate Geometry· Tata McGraw Hill’s Publication – A Course in Mathematics for JEE Advanced· Cengage Publications – Complete set of books for JEE Advanced Mathematics(https://www.toppr.com/bytes/jee-...)You must also solve the previous years’ papers as it would help you in getting an idea about the type of questions asked in exams. You should look for good online websites (https://www.toppr.com/exams/jee-...) that provide accurate information about the subject-specific study materials and practice papers. Bear in mind that NCERT textbooks are a must since they form the baseline of questions asked in most of the entrance exams including JEE Advanced.Now, coming to the most crucial part... HOW TO PREPARE FOR THIS EXAMINATION??You have the syllabus and the books; all you need is a proper routine:In my opinion, there cannot be a universal daily routine that leads to success in JEE-Advanced as it all depends from person to person. For some people studying only 4-5 hours per day is sufficient but for others 12-14 hours of study does the trick. There have been some students who mentioned that they were not much into recreation during their preparation period and there have been others who think that recreation is important as it replenishes their energy. Also, the daily routines can range from 4 months (https://www.toppr.com/bytes/jee-...) to 1-2 years (https://www.toppr.com/bytes/jee-... and https://www.toppr.com/bytes/prep...).Many students who prepare for their Boards and JEE at the same time have to attend 6-7 hours of school every-day. Apart from this, there are coaching classes every-day or on alternate days. However, there are others who prepare for JEE after their Borads. You should make your study-plan based on the category you belong to. There is an emphasis on about 6-8 hours of self-study daily. Ideally, one should for a 15-20 minute break between every 2 hours of study. This helps in tackling the monotonous nature of studies. A small break in between maximizes the brain’s absorptive capacity which would drastically reduce in case of continuous studies. This break differs from person to person and ranges from talking to a friend to going for a short-walk or listening to songs, etc. Further, the study hours should be divided between revising the previous topics and learning the new ones. Some people revise in the late hours of night while the others do it in wee hours of the morning. Same is applicable to learning new concepts. Also, time should be divided between different subjects for each day, week and month. This subject division continues till the last week of exam with certain subjects being preferred over the others at specific times. Solving the practice papers regularly (daily or monthly, subject-wise or topic-wise, etc.) is crucial but differs between individuals according to their schedule. 7-8 hours of sleep daily is an absolute must. Talking to teachers and friends for proper guidance is good as it always helps to have discussions. The most important part is being optimistic, focused, consistent, sincere and smart throughout your routine.Always remember, if you approach a task with a mind-set that it will be very difficult, you will have a lot of hardships in completing it. Approach it with a mind-set that it can definitely be done with proper planning- Voila! It will become a lot easier to handle. I have tried it... give it a go and you yourself will feel the difference.*BITSAT*For BITSAT, I would go with Amit Kumar and advice you to practice from ‘A complete success package for online BITSAT- by arihant publications’.Hope it helps!How do I prepare for JEE Advanced starting now?For solutions, you can check out DOUBTNUTDoubtnut App is World’s Biggest Platform for Free Video solution of Math Doubts with over 1 Lakh+ Video Solution of Math Questions. Doubtnut is on-demand Q&A app for Math for Students (up to JEE Advanced level), Where you can ask unlimited Math Question Just by clicking a Picture of Doubt on Doubtnut App and get an awesome video solution Instantly. Doubtnut is founded by IITians. Doubtnut Highlights – 1. World’s Biggest Platform for Video Solution of Maths 2. Solution of 1 lakh+ Math Questions from Various Books like R D Sharma, R S Aggarwal, Cengage and Arihant Publication Books and Previous year Papers Solution of Boards, JEE Mains & Advanced. 4. Only App where you can get Video solution just by clicking a Picture of Math Doubt. 5. Over 1.5 Lakh+ Students ask their Math Doubts Daily on Doubtnut app. 6. 6 Million+ Views on Doubtnut Youtube Channel 7. CBSE, ICSE, State Boards, NTSE and IIT JEE Mains & Advanced Preparation Covered 8. Best Math Experts Are EngagedThey soon will be releasing the solutions and matterials for Physics and Chemistry as well. Only #3 DAYS TO GO FOR THIS TO HAPPEN

Antisocial Personality DisorderFisher KA, Hany M.Continuing Education ActivityThis activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). ASPD is a deeply ingrained and dysfunctional thought process that focuses on social exploitive, delinquent, and criminal behavior most commonly known due to the affected individual's lack of remorse for these behaviors. ASPD falls into 1 of 4 cluster-B personality disorders within the DSM V, which also includes narcissistic, borderline, and histrionic personality disorders. This activity reviews the role of the an interprofessional team in evaluating, treating, and improving the care for patients with this condition.Objectives:Identify the psychopathology of antisocial personality disorderSummarize the diagnostic criteria of Antisocial personality disorder.Outline the treatment and management options available for Antisocial personality disorder.Summarize interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance the treatment of antisocial personality disorder and improve outcomes.Earn continuing education credits (CME/CE) on this topic.IntroductionAntisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a deeply ingrained and rigid dysfunctional thought process that focuses on social irresponsibility with exploitive, delinquent, and criminal behavior with no remorse. Disregard for and the violation of others' rights are common manifestations of this personality disorder, which displays symptoms that include failure to conform to the law, inability to sustain consistent employment, deception, manipulation for personal gain, and incapacity to form stable relationships.[1]The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5) classifies all ten personality disorders into three clusters (A, B, and C). Antisocial personality disorder falls into 1 of 4 cluster-B disorders, which also includes borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic. All of these disorders characteristically present with dramatic, emotional, and unpredictable interactions with others.[2] Antisocial personality disorder is the only personality disorder that is not diagnosable in childhood. Before the age of 18, the patient must have been previously diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD) by the age of 15 years old to justify diagnostic criteria for ASPD.[1]Many researchers and clinicians argue this diagnosis, with concerns of significant overlap with other disorders, including psychopathy. However, others counter that psychopathy is simply a subtype of antisocial personality disorder, with a more severe presentation. Recent literature states that although a heterogeneous construct that can subdivide into multiple subtypes that share many similarities and are often comorbid but not synonymous, individuals with ASPD must be characterized biologically and cognitively to ensure more accurate categorization and appropriate treatment.[3]EtiologyAlthough the precise etiology is unknown, both genetic and environmental factors have been found to play a role in the development of ASPD. Various studies in the past have shown differing estimations of heritability, ranging from 38% to 69%. Environmental factors that correlate to the development of antisocial personality disorder include adverse childhood experiences (both physical and sexual abuse, as well as neglect) along with childhood psychopathology (CD and ADHD).[4]Other studies stress the importance of both shared and non-shared environmental factors, including both family dynamics and peer relations on the development of ASPD. Research has focused on establishing the exact gene contributing to ASPD, and much evidence is pointing toward the 2p12 region of chromosome 2 and variation within AVPR1A. Interactions of specific genes with the environment have been an area of study as well, with evidence of variation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) contributing to the broad ranges of behavior elicited in antisocial personality disorder due to its effect on the influence of deviant peer affiliation.[5]EpidemiologyThe estimated lifetime prevalence of ASPD amongst the general population falls within 1 to 4%.[6][7] Due to the predicting factor of the initial diagnosis of conduct disorder before the age of 15, this assumption can be quite broad as CD does not always get adequately evaluated.[8] Gender distribution tends to be skewed towards males, with 3 to 5 times more likelihood of being diagnosed with ASPD than females, with 6% men and 2% women within the general population.[9] Substance abuse has been found to show a significant correlation to the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder,[10] while education and intelligence displays a negative correlation,[9][11] with a higher prevalence of ASPD amongst those with lower IQs and reading levels.[12] Research has shown reductions in the prevalence rate with increasing age in criminal populations,[13] as well as epidemiological samples.[9] Changes in personality traits with age and increased mortality with the behavior of antisocial personality disorder have been hypothesized to justify this age-dependent alteration.[14]History and PhysicalBefore performing a comprehensive psychiatric assessment of the patient, a careful history and physical examination is necessary. "The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Antisocial Personality DisorderA pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, since age 15 years, as indicated by three (or more) of the following:Failure to conform to social norms concerning lawful behaviors, such as performing acts that are grounds for arrest.Deceitfulness, repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for pleasure or personal profit.Impulsivity or failure to plan.Irritability and aggressiveness, often with physical fights or assaults.Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others.Consistent irresponsibility, failure to sustain consistent work behavior, or honor monetary obligations.Lack of remorse, being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another person.The individual is at least age 18 years.Evidence of conduct disorder typically with onset before age 15 years.The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during schizophrenia or bipolar disorder."EvaluationNo current diagnostic modalities, such as tests including serology, are currently accepted standards in diagnosing antisocial personality disorder. However, genetic testing and neuroimaging have been used to evaluate potential causes and patterns, respectively, with ASPD (see Etiology section above). Patients with antisocial personality disorder are at a higher risk of contracting certain viral infections and sexually transmitted diseases associated with high-risk behavior, including hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus, as well as increased mortality rates due to accidents, traumatic injuries, suicides, and homicides.[15][16][17]Treatment / ManagementAlthough there has been a multitude of interventions tested in the past, an appropriate algorithm fails to exist today. Literature suggests early treatment intervention with conduct disorder in children as the least costly and most effective with treating ASPD.[18] However, researchers have employed certain psychopharmacology and psychotherapy throughout literature, but due to the severity of potential harms in adulthood, intricate consideration are necessary when delineating a treatment course.[19]Most of the needs of antisocial personality disorder are addressable in the outpatient setting. Hospitalization is not cost-effective as it provides little to no benefit to those with ASPD, and it is very costly. Also, the presence of those with ASPD in a psychiatric hospital disrupts the environment, thus affecting the treatment of other patients in need of therapeutic care. Hospitalization is reserved for treating co-occurring conditions or possible complications, such as substance intoxication/withdrawal or recent suicidal behavior.Insufficient evidence exists to support any psychological intervention in adults with ASPD.[20] No pharmacological intervention has been shown to treat ASPD, but medications are highly recommended to treat co-occurring conditions. Aggressive behavior is treatable with second-generation antipsychotics as first-line therapy, including risperidone (2 to 4mg/day), quetiapine (100 to 300mg/day). Second and third-line therapies for aggression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), sertraline (100 to 200mg/day) or fluoxetine (20mg/day), and mood stabilizers; lithium and carbamazepine (dosed at recommended levels for bipolar disorder), respectively. Anticonvulsants, such as oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine, can be used to aid with impulsivity. Bupropion and atomoxetine are often used to treat associated ADHD due to their non-addictive nature.Differential DiagnosisNarcissistic personality disorder (cluster B personality disorder with overlap; exploitive and uncompassionate, but not aggressive or deceitful)Borderline personality disorder (cluster B personality disorder with overlap; manipulative, but for reassurance and nurture)Substance use disorder (Impulsivity and irresponsibility due to substance influence must be ruled out before diagnosing ASPD. ASPD can be diagnosed if substance use is co-occurring)PrognosisOf those children with conduct disorder, 25% of girls and 40% of boys will meet the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Boys exhibit symptoms earlier than girls, who often only elicit these symptoms in puberty. Children who do not develop conduct disorder and progress to the age of 15 without antisocial behaviors will not develop ASPD. Childhood conduct disorder is a reliable prognosticator of adulthood ASPD.[1] The small percentage of adults with antisocial personality disorder who never met the criteria or never received an assessment for conduct disorder, tend to have milder symptoms.[21]Antisocial personality disorder, although a chronic condition with a lifelong presentation, has had moderations shown with advancing ages, with the mean remitted age of 35 years old. Those with less baseline symptomatology showed better-remitted rates. Studies in the past revealed remission rates of 12 to 27% and 27 to 31% rates of improvement, but not remitted. Crime rates and severity reflect this relation as well, with peak crime statistics in late teens and higher severity of crimes at younger ages. Those with later presentations of antisocial behavior showed less severe behavioral problems. Those who were either never imprisoned or imprisoned for longer periods displayed greater remission rates than those imprisoned for shorter periods. This finding indicated that short-term incarceration could be somewhat preventive for future antisocial behavior.[1]ComplicationsMany individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder remain a burden to their families, coworkers, and closely associated peers, such as neighbors, despite becoming less troublesome with age. Mental health comorbidities and associated addictive disorders, as well as higher mortality rates due to suicides and homicides, only add to this burden. Most of those who improve with age remain unable to re-claim their lost prospects, including education, domestication, and employment. Those patients who did show remission were more likely to have spousal or family ties, with better social support.[1]Deterrence and Patient EducationAntisocial personality disorder is one of the best-documented disorders in all of literature pertaining to psychiatry, including etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, neuroanatomy, heritability, and interventional treatment. However, an established treatment algorithm and specialized psychopharmacology currently fail to exist.Better preventative measures are necessary as many of those with ASPD may only have an evaluation upon incarceration after inflicting harm. One is not apt to seek help for ASPD symptomatology. Many only seek assistance for co-occurring mental disorders or only present for court-mandated assessments.Even with the remission rates in advanced ages, antisocial personality disorder causes much turmoil to the patient and the patient’s surrounding community. The lives of those with ASPD remain negatively impacted even after remission.Enhancing Healthcare Team OutcomesThe diagnosis, categorization, and management of ASPD is quite complex and multifaceted, often only presenting after harm has already taken place. Management of the disorder is best with an interprofessional team dedicated to the treatment of mental health disorders. People with antisocial personality disorder are at risk of incarceration due to the violent and deceitful nature of the behaviors elicited in ASPD. Hospitalization provides no benefit to a patient with ASPD and can actually create a disruptive hospital environment to others who truly need hospitalization for therapeutic purposes. The majority of these individuals are noncompliant with therapy and often fail to show up at clinics. Thus, management can be difficult.The physician overseeing the case almost inevitably needs to be a psychological specialist; they can work collaboratively with the patient's family physician, but the complexity of this diagnosis requires specist-level care. Nursing staff should also have specialized psychological training, so they have received adequate training on ways to approach and cope with these individuals, as well as to be able to recognize therapeutically significant signs and behaviors that need to be brought to the treating physician's attention. They can also assess patient compliance as well as give their impressions of treatment effectiveness. A pharmacist should also provide consultation on the medications used, verifying dosing and checking carefully for drug interactions, and reporting to the nurse or physician if there are any concerns. Only with a collaborative interprofessional team approach patients with antisocial personality disorder receive optimal care leading to better outcomes. [Level 5]Continuing Education / Review QuestionsAccess free multiple choice questions on this topic.Earn continuing education credits (CME/CE) on this topic.Comment on this article.References1.Black DW. The Natural History of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;60(7):309-14. [PMC free article] [PubMed]2.Regier DA, Kuhl EA, Kupfer DJ. The DSM-5: Classification and criteria changes. World Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;12(2):92-8. [PMC free article] [PubMed]3.Brazil IA, van Dongen JDM, Maes JHR, Mars RB, Baskin-Sommers AR. Classification and treatment of antisocial individuals: From behavior to biocognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Aug;91:259-277. [PubMed]4.DeLisi M, Drury AJ, Elbert MJ. The etiology of antisocial personality disorder: The differential roles of adverse childhood experiences and childhood psychopathology. Compr Psychiatry. 2019 Jul;92:1-6. [PubMed]5.Fragkaki I, Cima M, Verhagen M, Maciejewski DF, Boks MP, van Lier PAC, Koot HM, Branje SJT, Meeus WHJ. Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) and Deviant Peer Affiliation: A Gene-Environment Interaction in Adolescent Antisocial Behavior. J Youth Adolesc. 2019 Jan;48(1):86-101. [PubMed]6.Lenzenweger MF, Lane MC, Loranger AW, Kessler RC. DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Sep 15;62(6):553-64. [PMC free article] [PubMed]7.Trull TJ, Jahng S, Tomko RL, Wood PK, Sher KJ. Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance dependence disorders. J Pers Disord. 2010 Aug;24(4):412-26. [PMC free article] [PubMed]8.Werner KB, Few LR, Bucholz KK. Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Behavioral Genetics of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy. Psychiatr Ann. 2015 Apr;45(4):195-199. [PMC free article] [PubMed]9.Compton WM, Conway KP, Stinson FS, Colliver JD, Grant BF. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of DSM-IV antisocial personality syndromes and alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;66(6):677-85. [PubMed]10.Moran P. The epidemiology of antisocial personality disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999 May;34(5):231-42. [PubMed]11.Neumann CS, Hare RD. Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Oct;76(5):893-9. [PubMed]12.Simonoff E, Elander J, Holmshaw J, Pickles A, Murray R, Rutter M. Predictors of antisocial personality. Continuities from childhood to adult life. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;184:118-27. [PubMed]13.Harpur TJ, Hare RD. Assessment of psychopathy as a function of age. J Abnorm Psychol. 1994 Nov;103(4):604-9. [PubMed]14.Vachon DD, Lynam DR, Widiger TA, Miller JD, McCrae RR, Costa PT. Basic traits predict the prevalence of personality disorder across the life span: the example of psychopathy. Psychol Sci. 2013 May;24(5):698-705. [PubMed]15.Black DW, Gunter T, Loveless P, Allen J, Sieleni B. Antisocial personality disorder in incarcerated offenders: Psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2010 May;22(2):113-20. [PubMed]16.Falcus C, Johnson D. The Violent Accounts of Men Diagnosed With Comorbid Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2018 Jul;62(9):2817-2830. [PubMed]17.Instanes JT, Haavik J, Halmøy A. Personality Traits and Comorbidity in Adults With ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2016 Oct;20(10):845-54. [PubMed]18.Frick PJ. Early Identification and Treatment of Antisocial Behavior. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2016 Oct;63(5):861-71. [PubMed]19.Repo-Tiihonen E, Hallikainen T. [Antisocial personality disorder]. Duodecim. 2016;132(2):130-6. [PubMed]20.Gibbon S, Duggan C, Stoffers J, Huband N, Völlm BA, Ferriter M, Lieb K. Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jun 16;(6):CD007668. [PMC free article] [PubMed]21.Goldstein RB, Dawson DA, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Compton WM, Grant BF. Antisocial behavioral syndromes and DSM-IV alcohol use disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 May;31(5):814-28. [PubMed]Publication DetailsAuthor InformationAuthorsKristy A. Fisher1; Manassa Hany2.Affiliations1 Aventura Medical Center2 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiPublication HistoryLast Update: December 8, 2020.CopyrightCopyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC.This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, a link is provided to the Creative Commons license, and any changes made are indicated.PublisherStatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)NLM CitationFisher KA, Hany M. Antisocial Personality Disorder. [Updated 2020 Dec 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-.