Warren County Schools: Fill & Download for Free

What it means is that you can not rely on any armed officer to protect you. Period. In fact the Supreme Court has said just that - the police and local authorities may have a duty to protect the community, but not individuals. (Warren v. District of Columbia, Castle Rock v. Gonzales, DeShaney v. Winnebago County).Schools are Gun Free zones, so the only ‘good guy’ with a gun is going to be a law enforcement officer, unless that state has carved out an exemption for licensed security guards or CCW holders. Does that mean schools should become armed camps? No. That we should arm all teachers? No. What it does mean is that guns are not ‘freely available’ there and any supposition about their usefulness is moot.Should Gun Free Zones should go away? Probably. But eliminating the designation is not a call to arms. It is a removal of a certain certainty. Which I believe is more good than bad. Yes, I know the theory about Gun Free Zones being magnets for massacres is hotly contested. I also know, papers on both sides of the argument use different criteria and statistics to justify their position.

Why aren’t there more black developers?I think a lot of this has to do with what part of the country you live in (assuming the OP is in America)For instance, the number of Black software engineers that I encounter in Atlanta, GA has dramatically increased during the course of my almost 20 years in the field.Now, I have worked at a few companies where almost half of the developers were Black. Of course, I have worked at many more companies were I was the sole Black developer. But still… I’m seeing progress.But to answer the question more directly, one of the things that we have to remember is that American schools weren’t desegregated until 1964. But of course, that was just a law that was passed. It took many many years for this to happen in actuality.Consider this timeline for a moment1963 62% of Americans — 73% of Northerners and 31% of Southerners — believe Blacks and Whites should attend the same schools.Two African American students, Vivian Malone and James A. Hood, successfully register at the University of Alabama despite George Wallace's "stand in the schoolhouse door" — but only after President Kennedy federalizes the Alabama National Guard.For the first time, a small number of black students in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Mississippi attend public elementary and secondary schools with white students.1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is adopted. Title IV of the Act authorizes the federal government to file school desegregation cases. Title VI of the Act prohibits discrimination in programs and activities, including schools, receiving federal financial assistance.The Rev. Bruce Klunder is killed protesting the construction of a new segregated school in Cleveland, Ohio.1968 The Supreme Court orders states to dismantle segregated school systems "root and branch." The Court identifies five factors — facilities, staff, faculty, extracurricular activities and transportation — to be used to gauge a school system's compliance with the mandate of Brown. (Green v. County School Board of New Kent County)In a private note to Justice Brennan, Justice Warren writes: "When this opinion is handed down, the traffic light will have changed from Brown to Green. Amen!"1969 The Supreme Court declares the "all deliberate speed" standard is no longer constitutionally permissible and orders the immediate desegregation of Mississippi schools. (Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education)1971 The Court approves busing, magnet schools, compensatory education and other tools as appropriate remedies to overcome the role of residential segregation in perpetuating racially segregated schools. (Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education)1972 The Supreme Court refuses to allow public school systems to avoid desegregation by creating new, mostly or all-white "splinter districts." (Wright v. Council of the City of Emporia; United States v. Scotland Neck City Board of Education)Brown's legacy extends to gender. Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 is passed prohibiting sex discrimination in any educational program that receives federal financial assistance.1973 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act is passed prohibiting schools from discriminating against students with mental or physical impairments.The Supreme Court rules that states cannot provide textbooks to racially segregated private schools to avoid integration mandates. (Norwood v. Harrison)The Supreme Court finds that the Denver school board intentionally segregated Mexican American and black students from white students. (Keyes v. Denver School District No. 1)The Court distinguishes between state-mandated segregation (de jure) and segregation that is the result of private choices (de facto). The latter form of segregation, the Court rules, is not unconstitutionalThe Supreme Court rules that education is not a "fundamental right" and that the Constitution does not require equal education expenditures within a state. (San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez) The ruling has the effect of locking minority and poor children who live in low-income areas into inferior schools.1974 The Supreme Court blocks metropolitan-wide desegregation plans as a means to desegregate urban schools with high minority populations. (Milliken v. Bradley) As a result, Brown will not have a substantial impact on many racially isolated urban districts.Non-English-speaking Chinese students file suit against the San Francisco Unified School District for failing to provide instruction to those with limited English proficiency. The Supreme Court rules that the failure to do so violates Title VI's prohibition of national origin, race or color discrimination in school districts receiving federal funds. (Lau v. Nichols)1978 A fractured Supreme Court declares the affirmative action admissions program for the University of California Davis Medical School unconstitutional because it set aside a specific number of seats for black and Latino students. The Court rules that race can be a factor in university admissions, but it cannot be the deciding factor. (Regents of the University of California v. Bakke)1982 The Supreme Court rejects tax exemptions for private religious schools that discriminate. (Bob Jones University v. U.S.; Goldboro Christian Schools v. U.S.)1986 For the first time, a federal court finds that once a school district meets the Greenfactors, it can be released from its desegregation plan and returned to local control. (Riddick v. School Board of the City of Norfolk, Virginia)1988 School integration reaches its all-time high; almost 45% of black students in the United States are attending majority-white schools.Look at all the turmoil going on with school desegregation in the 1970s.While people were still fighting over this, Black people were still attending schools that were under-funded and giving sub-par education. This was a known issue. The Black schools had outdated books, didn’t have funding for technology related course or the teachers to teach them.So this negates damn near every person of color from the technology industry for anyone in their late 30s on up. Most of the people you find in the field within these age groups were either.Able to live in a mixed communityIn the militaryHad a parent who got into the field because they were in the militaryHad fairly wealthy parentsI was personally lucky enough to have a father who worked on missile guidance systems in the Air Force, moved on to work at Burroughs corporation/Unisys and later started his own business that was technology related.Because I certainly didn’t learn anything in middle or high school that would’ve led me into this field.As an example. My middle school technology courses involved learning how to use a type writer. In high school, I learned about the history of computers and how to play games (not make them) on their outdated computers (of course, I knew this already… so I learned nothing). Oh, and we learned how to use WordStar & WordPerfect and how to make a resume.Nothing about building or repairing a computer and certainly nothing about programming one.And I took every tech course available to me at those schools.But at the house, we had several computers that my brother and I personally built; and a training facility my father owned (to train his clients) with another 30 computers to play with.I learned how to build web sites and desktop apps for some of our clients.That’s what started me on this path.How many Black people would you imagine were this lucky? Not many.So the number of Black developers my age or older is actually very impressive, when you consider what they had to go through to get to this point.And I’m seeing more and more young Black developers each year.Thanks for the A2A.

January 19, 1948 was a very special day for Sylvia Mendez and her siblings. It was their first day at their new elementary school. But it wasn’t an ordinary event. Two years after a court ruling in their favour, they were the first Hispanics to attend an all-white school in California.In 1946, a ten-year-old girl Sylvia Mendez was at the heart of the Mendez v. Westminster case, the landmark desegregation case that ended de jure segregation in California. It laid the foundation for integration and the American civil rights movement.She grew up during a time when most southern schools were segregated. In California, Hispanics were not allowed to attend the better funded schools for whites. Her father was an immigrant from Mexico and her mother a Puerto Rican.When she was denied enrolment to a whites only school, her parents filed a lawsuit on behalf of about 5000 Hispanic-American schoolchildren against four Orange County school districts in the local federal court. They organised a community battle that changed California and set an important legal precedent for ending segregation in the U.S.During the trial, the Westminster school board insisted that there was a language issue but the children could clearly speak English perfectly well and had the same academic capability as their white peers. After the judge ruled in favour of Syvia’s father, the school district appealed. A year later, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court’s ruling in favour of the Hispanic families. Governor Earl Warren moved to desegregate all public schools and public spaces in California, a major victory that eventually set the foundation for the civil rights movement. Seven years later, Brown vs. Board of Education brought an end to school segregation nationwide.She later became a nurse and an activist that travels around the country teaching students about the landmark case and the value of an education. She is concerned that de facto segregation today is even worse than de jure segregation back then. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011.Over ten years later, at the age of six, Ruby Bridges advanced the cause of civil rights in November 1960 when she became the first African American child to desegregate an elementary school in Louisiana.After the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, southern states continued to resist integration. In 1960, a federal court ordered Louisiana to desegregate. In a desperate act to keep the black students away, the school district created entrance exams for African American students to test whether they were academically capable of studying at the all-white school. Ruby and five other students passed the exam.Ruby was escorted by four federal marshals to the school every day that year. Like Sylvia, she was a target of vicious racial epithets both from other students and their parents, but she was courageous and never cried. On her first day, angry white parents protested and pulled their children from school. She recounted a woman held a black baby doll in a coffin and another threatened to poison her (!). Barbara Henry was the only teacher willing to accept Ruby, and all year, she was a class of one. Ruby was always alone but she never missed a day of school that year.Families protested throughout the city. Her father lost his job, and her grandparents were evicted from the farm where they had lived for a quarter-century. Yet, Ruby persevered. Over time, other African American students enrolled. White students started to come back to the school and many people gave her family support.A lifelong activist for racial equality, in 1999, Ruby established The Ruby Bridges Foundation to promote tolerance and create change through education. In 2000, she was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Cliinton.