Warning Letter To Vendor For Non Compliance: Fill & Download for Free

[Update 2016-02-23]In light of recent studies [American Journal of Clinical Pathology], it seems highly unlikely that Theranos has achieved any comprehensive technological breakthrough. Their reluctance to disclose technology and data (they are supposed to publish data in the next week or so) even after four months and with the negative publicity piling on seems to underscore the point that they probably had no statistically relevant studies of their own technology to begin with. A best-intentions conclusion is that their management suffered from an overestimation bias from limited observations on 'friends and family'.I expect whatever results get disclosed at the behest of Theranos at this point will suffer from self-selection, over-massaging and false equivalence, while still maintaining the obscurative descriptions of their technology. They will conclude that their technology shows as much variability as commercial clinical hematology analyzers and will not allow any independent third-party examinations. I expect that the FDA will have concerns with such results and I fully expect a guidance on the use of finger stick based metrology in POC/clinical diagnostics in the next one year frame.Thanks for noticing this Terrence!tldr: Compliance, marketing and regulations are red herrings in this discussion. The core issue is technology, and its novelty and efficacy.I personally have exceedingly limited and very specific experiences restricted to radiological device premarket qualification/501k to be able to answer this question directly.I receive FDA CDRH (Center for Devices and Radiological Health) bulletins that contain recall and 'lack of compliance' notifications and updates for many major device makers. There are usually 3 or four such notices every week. Some issues are more egregious than others, but there's usually no corresponding public outcry and companies don't go out of business following such notices.Regulatory hurdles are generally not spikes of death, where if you stumble on one, you die. Usually people figure out how to either clear or circumvent the hurdles sooner or later and go about business after that. 23&Me is an example (and so are Abbott, Stryker, GE health, Medtronic..).Violations of regulations is bad, but it is an ordinary fact of healthcare QC because of the many, complicated, moving pieces. Such regulations themselves are not 'rules set in stone', but a matter of continual public discourse and academic/economic/legislative thought on 'what makes sense today' (FDA advisory Committees). FDA does generally have a problem with you if you are a repeat offender and do not respond to guidance (for example, Syntex/IBT Labs/naproxen flap in 1976).That's why I think that there are some misinterpretations in some of the post-Oct 14th opinions and analyses we hear about Theranos. For example, 483 observations are intended as non-comprehensive external feedback to the company's management, and as records meant for FDA to track a company's progress towards compliance.They are not an official critique like gossip has made them out to be. Inspections may also be scheduled or unscheduled, and does not exactly reflect on any particular issue (unless there was a complaint; this data is yet undisclosed). I am pretty sure that Theranos employs plenty of FDA regulation consultants to advice them, so they know what they are doing. This is standard practice.The following links illustrate the regular process for inspections and observations. I won't quote specifically from these since they may be interpreted out of context.FDA Form 483 Frequently Asked Questions(FDA inspection scheduling) What should I expect during an inspection?SUBCHAPTER 5.2 - INSPECTION PROCEDURESSUBCHAPTER 5.2 - INSPECTION PROCEDURES (Refusal of entry)Investigator/Staff Guidance for FDA InspectionsTips on Preparing for an FDA Inspection(The guidance on 'refusal of entry' illustrates that not all inspections may be scheduled a priori. FDA is both authorized as well as invested in in flagrante delicto)Some more data on what FDA considers as official censure: FDA enforcement statistics FY 2014 [pdf].The table below shows 6 big categories that FDA considers censure events (FDA Compliance and Enforcement Information). This is what FDA does when it thinks you are doing something not good for the public or a violation.483 observations don't make it to this list. And note that a warning letter is the first step on the road to FDA hell. IIRC Theranos hasn't made it to this step yet.23andme did, and they are doing fine.This should indicate that (1) 483s are not official censure (2) inspections may happen scheduled or unscheduled. This provides some external corroboration for claims made by Dr. Becker.As I have mentioned elsewhere, there's only a singular issue that Theranos needs to come clean on - The accuracy, precision and applicability of their 'new or unique technology'. That's the only one that matters in the discussion.Otherwise we risk asking the company easy questions that make them look better than pre-Oct 14th.[That's precisely what happened during the WSJD Live/2015 conference.]They can tweak all their marketing claims (exactly what they did by changing their website; don't forget "the website is constantly being updated"), they can readjust all their claims on regulatory compliance, they can create new business models. IMIO we also waste time in discussing the nanotainer nonsense. It's a very basic technology, and will probably receive all kinds of clearance shortly. But again, that doesn't have anything to do with the actual technology that carries out the metrology.I mean, anything can be tweaked. Except for the technology and the actual science.HOW do they carry out ~200 tests on such a small volume of blood?HOW does their metrology maintain the accuracy and precision?WHAT mechanism in their system prevents contamination-during-collection issues?WHAT is the comparison between data obtained by a 3rd party agency operating their equipment and equipment from established diagnostics vendors?If comparison cannot be established, then the 3rd party agency should also provide statistical results showing usable correlations with disease predictions.We do not need the exact technology description. But we do need the general description of the physics they employ - if their IP has value then they should have already patented this.There is a lot of precedence for such technology disclosures. For example,Here's i-STAT corp's 1988 patent (Patent US5096669 - Disposable sensing device for real time fluid analysis),Here's one of the earlier 3rd party performance verifications of the i-STAT device (Erickson/iSTAT/1992 [pdf]),Here's another 3rd party report from 2002 after they had sold their 20,000'th device (Papadea/i-STAT/2002). This report compares istat with other commercial devices.(Note i-STAT was founded in the mid 80s, their first patent is from May 1, 1987; it took at least about 11 years, till about 1998, and countless peer-reviewed medical publications and studies before the devices started getting accepted in the early 2000s. They were acquired by Abbott in 2003 for ~400M)That's what we need to wait for; not FDA reports, not SEC filings, not shareholder letters. So Dr. Becker's views regarding IP protection are not exactly valid.Karen M. Becker, PhD | Precision AdvisorsDr. Becker appears to have a very accomplished profile, so I personally believe that she would not produce opinions that could damage her professional reputation. This is her line of expertise.She might of course use favorable language where there may have been a choice, but the media has also already used unfavorable interpretations where there was a choice.Disclaimer - I have no bone in this. I do not work for Theranos or "the industry incumbents" or any one involved in marketed healthcare. I work in RnD, in segments that none of these companies have an interest in. I am only tracking this topic for the education in how medical technology companies need to behave and the inevitable, cheap lulz and lessons arising from media+marketing getting things wrong. Also, don't like the idea that an entity can be publicly crucified without fair interpretation (neither do I like anyone being exalted without due verification, but that also happened). And speaking of lulz - Dynapy and 'PRICKS'.

Here in the UK, if your a business you typically have to register with “Companies House” for tax purposes.Companies HouseWe incorporate and dissolve limited companies. We register company information and make it available to the public. Companies House is an executive agency, sponsored by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy .https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/companies-houseThe exception is, if your what’s classed as a “Solo Trader” and/or have a regular normal job alongside your secondary activities.If you are in no way employed by a 3rd party business, and are NOT claiming state benefits, then once per year you have to perform what's called a “Tax Self Assessment”When you do this assessment, it is a lawfully abiding process & document, so if you lie on it, you will get prosecuted, if this assessment indicates you are running a business, and the figures are too high for you to be considered a “Solo Trader” you will be required to publicly register your business with companies house.Once you are registered with companies house, and retain the services of an accountant (Which is part of the business registration regulations) you are then bound by law to submit your yearly accounts to companies house at the end of every trading year, these accounts are used both by the UK tax authorities and other government branches to work out how much tax you owe.These accounts by law have to be released publicly, and if you know the UK company number of any given UK business you can search for and look up all the accounts for that business, UK businesses by law MUST disclose their company number and tax number on their public web properties and any public documentation such as letter headed notepaper.This number must also be made available (although a lot of folks don’t) under UK law to any business, vendor, supplier or trading party who ask for it.UKTV (A digital TV channel here in the UK) for example, are actually breaking the law:If we scroll downWe see thisBut NO UK COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBERThey do at the bottom of the “Consumer” site have thisWhich if I search, gives me this :That leads me to this:Overview (free company information from Companies House)We use some essential cookies to make our services work. We'd also like to use analytics cookies so we can understand how you use our services and to make improvements.https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/04266373You can see from the link, their company number is : 04266373If you look at MY own corporate site for my I.T businessSee that number at the bottom?Plug that into “Companies house” search, and you getFrom that result, you can see my full trading name, my registered business address and the date the company was started.If you click on itYou can get pertinent details, and on the filing pageThe full details of all financial transactions, accounts, board members, any fines levied against me for non compliance of tax and CH filing requests.ANY Business anywhere in the world, can get this information, free and unbiased, if you are in the UK, and the UK authorities have either ordered you to register, or you have decided to register yourself, then unity can search in here and find out everything they need to know and more about your business.ALL of my accounts are their, right from my first day of trading way back in February 2012, if you wanted to you could easily go and download every single one of my yearly accounts to-date, and plot the relevant figures from them on a spreadsheet to get a yearly profit & loss figure.Since Sales & Purchases are 2 of the main items your accounts MUST show, there’s no avoiding having your sales figures made public.The ONLY way to not do it, is to continue having a full time job and register for normal tax that way (IE: paying your employee/income taxes) , and having a side job as a registered solo trader doing your software on the side and using a standard personal current bank account, butDO BE WARNED, if you start making large sums of money, your bank WILL notify the UK tax authorities (They have too by law, if those sums seem to be out of character, regular and always for the same thing and into a personal and/or current account), who will then launch an investigation, and you will get turned inside out on every single penny you have ever made from every source.If you decide to open a business account as a solo trader, then you will be required to declare that account to the relevant bank authorities, and in most cases banks in the UK will not give you a business account, unless you have the relevant companies house paperwork to show a registered business, so you can’t usually set up a business account, in order to avoid the laws banks have to follow, regarding reporting on a personal/current account.

The structure of your query is in the form of:1.Cause2.Effect3.Solution by participation.Let's take each case one on one.1.Cause: Shops being demolished.Since you asked this question, you must he aware that the Hon'ble High Court ordered the administration to remove encroachments within a stipulated time frame, using 'all their might.’ It was a Public Interest Litigation, in which a simple question was answered and the rule of law upheld, with provision of appeal to highest court. Insofar as the rules are concerned, a state subject of municipality and government/public roads/land is hardly able to stand in a higher court if appealed, on the basis of the list of arguments already undertaken by the High Court. Now, the ambit of the order does cover all encroachments, depending on the best available reliable document, which is somewhat dated, but a government document nonetheless. The court can only frame additional guidelines if atleast one respondent raises the question of the parties affected on a limited list of causes, maybe there was no such representation made, maybe the court found the encroachers guilty beyond suspicion and had not to extend the orders besides asking the original state of roads/walkways to be restored. Simply, it means no representation was found worthy of being adjusted to in the final verdict. In a PIL, such representations are quite possible.2. Effect: Loss of property, opportunity and means of earning/employment.A property is considered valid with it's rights and duties if it is legal. Merely paying taxes on an illegal property does not make it legal. From time to time, the government or the courts have the power to declare the means of assessment for legality and validity. All employment generated from such property may automatically be illegal, or atleast not valid to be claimed for rights, even if duties such as proper upkeep, taxes paid or hire of services such as electricity, water and so on. The government is really limited in securing the right to opportunity under private means of employment, it can't dictate people to take up any ploy, or allow them any services while unemploying due to any reasons. No one not on government rolls has anything to do with losing work or earning. Yes, there must be favourable conditions for employment and it is checked by various means such as corporate tax, business registration etc. There should be no discrimination and anyone able to work may be adequately compensated to survive compared to any other person that may similarly survive with the lowest pay and perks on a humanitarian and just basis, known as pay/compensation etc. Private firms do not depend on the government to provide funds for work-pay and hence the government can't help them in case of a risk such as closure, stoppage of work or demolition. Just because someone did not know this doesn't mean their paycheck should be borne by the government.But yes, there are provisions of unemployment support from the government, and it is really limited. No state government has come forward to make any modifications to it, and never considered a respectable compensation since the vote-bank of such unemployed individuals is too small compared to, say, people who vote on the basis of subsidies or caste/regionalism. It just doesn't cover all the bases, unlike universal basic income or social security as done in advanced economies of the western countries.3.Solution by participation.Creativity is hard to come by during times of distress. In order to survive in any business, some creativity is always present in manner of operations, management or business accumen. In this case, creativity with the right effort is required, and also a major concern of the provisions of law. Any solution must adhere to these basic principles.The court has already advised the law and order to impose curfew, vide sec. 144 and to file contempt, FIR and recover charges from the parties that do not cooperate on the phased manner of operations.The window to the probable discussions on solution was already closed when no representations were received during the course of PIL being heard. The local government could also have made themselves party to the suffering of the people, and so could any civil society association or person.Now to stop the activity, as originally asked in the question, those who may present documents citing sensitive areas (being already granted security by means of CISF, Military or deemed of national importance such as historical places and corporates) may act on their proven clauses on which they may be allowed relaxation of time, a chance of hearing or a minuscle delay from the courts. On case to case basis, such parties may even succeed in being granted stay orders, permitted their clauses are heard and vetoed valid.The other group may use their clout and influence to have either a delayed action or revisions in mapping/estimation. The order is of the nature that does away with the usual ways people can hamper the work of a government official or use bureaucratic red tape to achieve desired outcomes.Finally, the individuals who are affected may best be heard only on logical and humanitarian causes of being treated fair and just. In due course, the damage may already be done and they may be left with no place to return to.There's a limited provision to rehabilitate persons, but since the road/land isn't being aquired for any purpose, simply reclaimed, such requests won't be heard.Individuals may consider an appeal to the Hon'ble courts for considering their list of common demands with respect to securing their livelihoods and having enough representable persons with common social status and income. As frequently seen, a rich representative for a community of poor isn't a good idea to beckon against the courts, the appeal may linger on, but no positive outcome may be guaranteed when the leadership itself is questionable.The best way out would be to establish a cooperative of resettlers, with insurances of health and temporary shelters granted by the government. They may be provided some opportunities in nearby industries and Special Economic Zones with regard to employability and qualifications. Those finding better opportunity elsewhere may migrate and lose their cooperative deposits or insurance. Those choosing to remain can develop solutions under govt schemes or urban/rural housing and self help groups, part time jobs and demand social welfare until they fully integrate back into the social and economic setup.Now, talking about creativity, as mentioned at the beginning of point 3:People born before the 70’s wouldn't agree, but if the main accused are shopkeepers and their primary concern is about their possessions, the stock or colloquially 'maal' (in Hindi), then there is a very trendy and easy alternative of selling online. They just have to find one web developer, a photographer and stock their items with a dispatch courier and they will get sold off, shop or no shop. Such warehousing won't work of course if the primary nature of the stock is of inferior quality or if the primary buyer is oblivious to online shopping. But if human rights can be invoked in favour of some illegal activity, this suggestion may equally hold value on the scale of hapazard means to achive an objective.It's important that those affected know that there's more to life and since disruption is in trend, start-ups and small scale industries, city -based solutions provide ample opportunity.If we keep blaming traffic or congestion, do note that people will hire an ac cab to offset the problem of time with their money. Anyone providing simple services based on people-centric solutions is likely to suceed. Some people can really through problems and devise clever solutions so that people equate convenience against money and such an enterprise is likely to succeed.There are enough old people in the city who can employ runners for daily chores.Anyone losing their shop can still list their inventories online and get sales by arranging deliveries direct to door.People losing key businesses can approach companies who may be interested in having boutique in-house services, providing space and logistics.Tie-ups with schools can allow many to shift their principal place of work and yet stay in the business.Apartments and large housing projects may be approached to provide commercial space in exchange for services.The affected may gather every week to encourage and support each other and use social platforms to garner support and discuss future outcomes, rather than blaming the past. A weekly radio show or a video release may also highlight their plight and inspire others with success stories to move on with life.People haven't lost their franchise to vote, only place of business and prime source of earning. They should be able to have their role in electing local bodies who provide realizable alternatives, not fake/illegal promises.Do also note that people will also vote against encroachment, and that the government or the court have no obligation to authorize illegal activities.For people who wouldn't agree to anything contained herein, who have a single sentence answer to every illegal activity being justified in some or other way, please go through the following reading of the order, which may dwell upon you that going into the details of anything in a court is likely to yield justice, in which the key functionaries in the government are warned to be liable for contempt for deriding the provisions of law:Uttaranchal High CourtManmohan Lakhera vs State Of Uttarakhand And Others on 18 June, 2018IN THE HIGH COURT OF UTTARAKHAND AT NAINITAL Writ Petition (PIL) No.47 of 2013 Manmohan Lakhera ... Petitioner Versus State & Ors. ..... Respondents Mrs. Prabha Naithani, Brief Holder for the State-respondent nos.1 to 3 Mr. S.S. Chauhan, Advocate for respondent no.5 Dated: 18th June, 2018 Coram : Hon'ble Rajiv Sharma, J.Hon'ble Lok Pal Singh, J.[Per: Hon'ble Rajiv Sharma, J.] This petition was treated as PIL on the basis of letter sent by Mr. Manmohan Lakhera, Journalist highlighting therein the encroachments made on the public path by unscrupulous persons. The scope of this petition was enlarged from time to time.2. The affidavits have been filed by the District Magistrate, Dehradun. According to the latest affidavit filed by him, a meeting was called by him on 10.07.2014 for removal of encroachment over footpaths. The encroachments are removed on 06.06.2013, 07.06.2013, 10.06.2013, 11.06.2013, 12.06.2013, 13.06.2013 and 14.06.2013. The road wise list of removal of encroachments was filed as Annexure No.C.A.2 (Colly).3. The massive drive was launched for removal of encroachments. However, the fact of the matter is that, till date, the encroachment is being made with impunity on the public paths. The affidavits filed by the private parties were taken into consideration but not found satisfactory.4. According to the Gazetteer of Dehradun, written by H.G.Walton, ICS, First Published in 1910, a municipality, and the chief town and head quarters of the Dehradun district, is situated in north latitude 30019" and east longitude 7805",' at an elevation of 2,300 feet above the level of the sea, slightly to the east of the watershed line between the Ganges and the Jumna systems, occupying a plateau defined on the east by the Rispana Rao and on the west by the Bindal. Between these rivers lie the city and civil station, and beyond the Bindal are the cantonments. The town of Dehra was constituted as a municipality in 1867, and at that time its boundaries enclosed as area of only some 3½ square miles. The last alteration was made in 1909 with the object of including within municipal limits the villages of Hathibarkala and Dalanwala. New cantonments have also come in the area. This is a favourite settlement for Gorkha pensioners.5. In sequel to the directions issued by this Court, Shri Rajeev Sharma, President of District Bar Association Dehradun has filed a very comprehensive report. The report is accepted. We will deal with the issue of encroachment road-wise/area-wise.6 The Commissioner has visited the Chakrata Road on 14.04.2014. It is the main road leading from Clock Tower to Vikas Nagar. The worst affected area is about 500 mts. approx. starting from Clock Tower to Prabhat Cinema. Encroachment was removed in the year 2012. The shopkeepers, whose shops were demolished, were allotted shops as alternative for rehabilitation. The drive was undertaken for widening of the road. According to the G.O. 2123/V-2011-01 (vkŒ)/2011, minimum 2 mts. set back was required from the main road. This norm has been flouted with impunity. This could not happen without the connivance and collusion of the State officers/officials as well as the employees of MDDA. One glaring example of encroachment on Chakrata Road is by Mandir Samiti, Clock Tower. The portion of the Mandir property was demolished. The Mandir Samiti was allotted two shops at the MDDA Complex, however, despite that, fresh encroachment has taken place in triangular shape by the Mandir Samiti by putting angle iron and tin. The vehicles are also parked haphazardly on this road leading to frequent traffic jams. For reasons best known to the MDDA, the property of some of the shopkeepers has not been brought within the scope of demolition near the MAZZAR.7. One more glaring example is of Prabhat Cinema. The State functionaries and the employees of the MDDA, to give undue benefit, have changed the alignment of the road itself, leading to further chaos on the road. There is large scale encroachment on the footpaths and the commercial establishments have kept their big generators on the footpaths causing great inconvenience to the pedestrians. The placing of generators right on the footpaths, besides causing inconvenience to the pedestrians, is a constant source of noise as well as air pollution. The MDDA itself has notified 850 khokhas on this road which have been permitted to mushroom without authority of law. There are about 12 to 15 illegal tin shops on the left side of the road near the Bindal bridge. The footpaths are occupied unauthorizedly by putting up temporary stalls. After the Bindal bridge, there is Kishan Nagar Chowk and Ballupur Chowk, which have been encroached upon by the shopkeepers. Big sweet shop such as Uttar Sweets has extended its shop on the road. The customers parked their vehicles in front of the shop, which make the condition worse. The Standard Bakery has also constructed illegal shed and has extended its shop on road. Near the Central School and ONGC Community Center, the road has been encroached on both the sides by unauthorized occupants.8. Now we will advert to Saharanpur Road. It is also the main road leading from Clock Tower to Delhi - Dehradun Highway. It is the most crowded road of the Dehradun Town. The first patch of the road which starts from Clock Tower to Prince Chowk is choked with temporary encroachment. The area has been encroached upon by roadside shopkeepers. The shopkeepers have extended their shops beyond the permissible limits. At Darshan Lal Chowk, there are 10 to 15 illegal khokhas on the road disrupting heavy traffic. On the streets, small restaurants and food stalls, during the night period, are run in unauthorized manner causing nuisance and menace to the public at large. The main Arhat Bazar, as per government record, was shifted to Main Transport Nagar. The businessmen were given compensation and shops in Main Transport Nagar in lieu of part of their property demolished in the road widening but the position is still the same. After crossing the Lakhibagh police chowki, there is again a bottleneck. The shopkeepers backed by politicians have encroached upon the government land. The Arhat Bazaar, though on papers has been shifted, but it still is in existence and is a constant bottleneck. It takes about 45 minutes to travel from Clock Tower to Saharanpur Chowk.9. Now the Court will advert to Nehru Colony. This Colony is located on Haridwar Road. It was initially developed by Awas Vikas Parishad. It was the first duly approved residential colony of Dehradun. The majority of residential buildings have been converted into big showrooms causing inconvenience and nuisance to the local residents. The Nagar Nigam vide letter dated 25.04.2017 has admitted that the majority of residential buildings have been converted into commercial. It was astonishing to note that in one particular building 221-B Nehru Colony, a huge photo studio named as Khalsa Studio was being run and on the first floor a full fledged educational academy called "BSC Academy" was being run.10. The position of Rajpur Road is equally bad. This road starts from Clock Tower and leads to Mussoorie. Though the basements were approved for parking but these are being used for commercial purposes by the big business establishments including shopkeepers. The footpaths on the Dilaram Bazaar, constructed by MDDA, have been occupied. From Dilaram Bazaar to Hotel Madhuban, there are about 50 shops on the left side of the Rajpur Road. Most of theillegal khokas on this street are eateries. The footpaths are occupied unauthorizedly. Near Gandhi Park, the footpaths have been encroached upon by the cobblers, astrologers and beggars. The pedestrians cannot move freely in this area. The shopkeepers display their merchandise on the streets. 8 ft. wide footpath is reduced to few feet only. There are thelas and rikshaws parked on this area. There was a footpath near the Clock Tower named as the New Market. In this area, the shopkeepers display their merchandise without authority of law. There are traffic jams on these roads and the police has not taken any effective steps to regulate the same. The land near the Parade Ground is also encroached by the illegal Khokhas and temporary structures. The Nagar Nigam has illegally permitted holding of "Sunday Bazaar" by the shopkeepers.11. Now, we advert to Karanpur Bazaar, which is one of the oldest bazaar of Dehradun. The 30 feet wide market road is fully encroached upon. The government land has been given for even opening of ATMs by public banks. Even the Nala on this road has been encroached upon. The vehicles are parked haphazardly on this road. There was large scale encroachment made by Maheshwari Sweets to the extent of 10 fts., however, no steps have been taken by the authorities to remove the said encroachment.12. We will now advert to Araghar and Dharampur area. This road was visited by theCommissioner on 22.04.2014. It is a VIP road. This road is also encroached by the shopkeepers. Few of them are also running the workshops. Shops to the extent of 2 to 3 fts have been extended towards the road. It was also undertaken by the Nagar Nigam in Public Interest Litigation W.P. No.283 of 2004 (M/B) that the Sabzi Mandi will be shifted to some other place. The Nagar Nigam shifted the sabzi mandi on the road adjoining to LIC Zonal Office at Dharampur. The shopkeepers who were supposed to shift from the old place did not shift. Now they have kept two shops, one original shop and one allotted to them by way of rehabilitation.13. Haridwar Road is the main road connecting the city with Rishikesh-Haridwar Highway. The establishment has permitted the unauthorized vegetables and fruits shops on the road. The temporary structures are being run in abundance on this road.14. There are other very important areas of Dehradun including Paltan Bazzar, Dispensary Road, Hanuman Chowk, Sarnimal Bazaar, Tehsil and Jama Mazid. The entire drain from the clock tower to the end of the Paltan Bazaar is 100% encroached by the shopkeepers. The footpaths are also encroached by the shopkeepers. They have fixed their own tiles on the footpaths. None of the shops are within the permissible limits. The total width of the market is 30 ft. but only 10 ft. of open space is hardly left. The Dispensary road is also the worst affected area. The MDDA had recently constructed a multipurpose complex and allotted number of shops to the local shopkeepers who were shifted from the main road, however, the entire road is again encroached upon by the fruit and vegetable sellers. The vehicles are parked haphazardly near the multipurpose complex. 15 to 20 shopkeepers have encroached upon the Dispensary road. The dry fruit merchants have extended their shops near Zama Maszid area. Same is the plight of Sarnimal Bazaar. The shopkeepers have extended their shops around 6-7 feets on both sides.15. The roads that were 30-40 fts. wide on Prem Nagar Cantonment are also encroached upon. The pedestrians are not in a position to walk on roads. The shopkeepers are charging monthly rent for letting the fruit sellers and vegetable sellers sit in front of their shops. It has further compounded the situation. The area starting from Subhash Road is again an example of lawlessness. The residential houses have been illegally converted into commercial complexes.16. The gist of the report is that the shopkeepers are firstly allotted temporary structures. These people convert them into pucca structures and thereafter they encroach on the government land. The shopkeepers, though allotted new shops, do not leave their old shops. The so called encroachment drives undertaken by the Nagar Nigam and the MDDA are mere eyewash. The Officers who permit the conversion of temporary structure to pucca structure and encroachment on the government land, municipal land and MDDA land, are not punished. It has come on the record that the District Administration has convened a meeting on 10th July, 2014 to get rid Dehradun from encroachment on public land, more particularly the footpaths, before the one man Commission was constituted.17. The fact of the matter is that despite repeated directions issued by this Court, neither the State Government nor the MDDA nor the Nagar Nigam Dehradun has taken any effective steps to remove the encroachment from the public streets/pavements. Public streets are for public convenience. These should be free from encroachment. The citizen must have a free access to footpaths. The Court can take judicial notice of the fact that the children and elderly people also use the footpaths. The menace is so alarming that even the road, which are 30 fts. wide, have been reduced to mere 7-8 fts. The shopkeepers, firstly, are permitted to construct temporary khokhas and, thereafter, they make them pucca. There are permanent bottlenecks as noticed in the report, and highlighted by us. The footpaths are being permitted to be used for placing big generators causing noise and air pollution. The shopkeepers are permitting the vegetable and fruit vendors to sit in front of their shops. The residential premises have been converted into commercial complexes, more particularly, in the oldest colony i.e. Nehru Colony. Similar is the plight of other localities. The residential houses on the Haridwar road have been permitted to be used as commercial purposes. The basements, which are to be used primarily for parking lots, are being permitted to be used for commercial ventures. There are chaos all over Dehradun. The traffic moves at snail's pace. The public authorities cannot be oblivious to the loss of precious time of commuters. The Court can take judicial notice of the fact that the roads, encroached upon with impunity with the connivance and collusion of the authorities, are also ridden with garbage. Every citizen has a right to access to footpaths, roads, parks and public utilities under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. It is the duty cast upon the MDDA and the Nagar Nigam to keep the roads clean. Recently, there was a strike by the Safai Karamchari which further deteriorated the position. There was no alternative plan available with the Nagar Nigam and MDDA. The garbage was not removed from the streets for days together. The respondents are putting wool over the eyes of the Court by giving assurances from time to time that they are doing their best to remove the encroachment, but till date, Dehradun town is still suffering from this menace. The decision was taken by the High Power Committee on 10 July 2014. We are in 2018. Since then, the things have worsened instead of improving. The simple reason for encroachments, extension of shops and unauthorized construction is manifestation of the human greed with the collusion of functionaries of government and municipal bodies. The employers did not take any disciplinary action against the persons responsible for keeping the cities and towns free from encroachment.18. We live in a democracy. The rule of law should prevail. There is sufficient material on record to suggest that there is living anarchy as far as city of Dehradun is concerned. The cities/towns should provide quality living. The towns have been reduced to the status of slum areas. The slum areas are permitted to mushroom. Every city/town has a carrying capacity. Dehradun was once known for its aesthetic beauty. There are important institutions in Dehradun likeIndian Military Academy, ONGC, Survey of India, Forest Research Institute, etc. Schools of international fame and universities are also situated in Dehradun. Dehradun is the seat of governance but there is an old proverb "Nearer the Church, the farther from God" (nhid rys v/ksajk). If that is the plight of the capital city, we can visualize the situation prevailing in other towns and cities in the State of Uttarakhand. Recently, a report has come that the quality of Dehradun city was bad. The river Rispana flowing through the heart of the town has been reduced to the status of sewer (worse than nala). How the functionaries of the State capital are oblivious to this, is beyond our comprehension. There has to be sensitivity in the system. Every person serving in a public system is accountable for his acts. Encroachment, unauthorized constructions, coming up of slums is a grim reminder of callousness on the part of the authorities concerned.19. Accordingly, on the basis of material placed on record, more particularly, as per the report submitted by Mr. Rajeev Sharma, Chairman/President of the District Bar Association Dehradun as per the order dated 25th July, 2014, we issue following mandatory directions:i) The Municipal Corporation/MDDA/ State functionaries are directed to remove all the unauthorized encroachment on public footpaths/ streets/ roads/ pavements including unauthorized constructions made over them within a period of four weeks from today by using its might. It shall be open for the State functionaries to impose Section 144 of Cr.P.C. while removing the demolition of illegal structures built on government and municipal land/footpaths/streets.ii) The Chief Secretary to the State of Uttarakhand is directed to initiate disciplinary proceedings against the officers/officials, during whose tenure, government land/municipal land/forest land have been encroached, with impunity, by the unscrupulous people. The disciplinary proceedings shall be commenced for imposition of major penalty. We authorize the Chief Secretary to the State of Uttarakhand, to constitute the nodal agency to supervise the disciplinary proceedings to be initiated against the officers/officials who were found remiss in discharge of their statutory duties. It is made clear that no officer, be it of any rank, shall be spared. The axe should not fall on lower class employees alone.iii) The State functionaries/MDDA and the Nagar Nigam Dehradun are directed to seal all the residential premises which are being misused as commercial purposes including basements within a period of three weeks from today. It is made clear by way of abundant precaution that if the basement areas, which are meant for parking vehicles, are not used for parking purposes, the entire commercial building be sealed.iv) The persons who have taken advantage of rehabilitation policies, but have not surrendered their shops at the old places, their new leases shall be cancelled and themunicipal/state functionaries shall take over the shops. The same shall be auctioned again in accordance with law to maintain rule of law.v) The State Government is directed to carry out necessary amendments in the building bye- laws of the Nagar Nigam Dehradun and MDDA that no unauthorized construction is compounded to arrest the tendency of the people to raise unauthorized construction by paying meager compounding fee. The compounding of entire unauthorized construction is against rule of law.vi) The Director General of Police to the State of Uttarakhand is directed to ensure that there are no traffic jams in Dehradun city to avoid wastage of precious time and inconvenience to the commuters and pedestrians.vii) It is made clear that in the eventuality of the directions not being implemented in the time frame, given hereinabove, the Court may recommend supersession of the Nagar Nigam by the State Government. It is made clear that after the removal of the encroachment, demolition and unauthorized constructions, it shall be the responsibility of the State officers/officials and MDDA to maintain constant vigil that the land is not reoccupied.viii) Unscrupulous people have been permitted by the State functionaries to raise unauthorized construction in the river bed as well as on the banks of river Rispana. The respondents are directed to restore the "Rispana River" which is an important tributary of Ganges, within a period of three months from today. The encroachment on both banks shall be removed within three months from today.ix) The entire State of Uttarakhand is in Zone 4-5 seismic activity. New buildings can be permitted to be constructed after receiving the report from the structural engineer.x) The Director, Health Services to the State of Uttarakhand/C.M.O./Health Officer of Municipal Corporation Dehradun shall submit day-to-day report to the Registrar General of this Court about the cleanliness in the city of Dehradun after visiting the spot every 24 hours.xi) Respondents are directed to submit compliance report before the Registrar General of this Court.xii) The Secretary, Public Works Department shall be the Nodal Agency to implement thedirections issued by this Court, hereinabove, and in case of non-compliance, he shall be personally liable for contempt as well as disciplinary proceedings.20. With the aforesaid observations and directions, present petition stands disposed of.(Lok Pal Singh, J.) (Rajiv Sharma, J.) 18.06.2018 18.06.2018 Rajni