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Undoubtedly, along with education, economic self-sufficiency is the cornerstone for a woman's emancipation and autonomy, be it in India or anywhere else. However, in India at least two powerful obstacles stand in their way. One, all too often prevailing local cultural practices trump laws. Two, rural landholding sizes are shrinking fast in India. Since most Indians are still rural, this adversely impacts women's emancipation through land ownership.In India, All Too Often Local Cultural Practices Trump LawsDowry laws prove this all too unambiguously. Bridegroom and/or his family demanding dowry from the bride's family remains a mainstay in many parts of India (Dowry system in India). Obviously commoditizing women, the dowry system constitutes systemic, structural abuse. When dowry's deemed insufficient, women are physically and psychologically abused, threatened, terrorized (1), even killed (2). Given the pernicious effects stemming from its systemic prevalence, the Indian Parliament passed the Dowry Prevention Act in 1961 (3). Neither demands for dowry nor dowry deaths abated so much so that the law was amended in 1983 (4) with a view to strengthening it. Did dowry demands and deaths stop? A decided no. The National Crime Records Bureau is the government agency that maintains records of all reported cognizable crimes in India. Their data show that ~1 woman is killed over dowry every hour (see Table 5(A) in 5). To top it, we have no way of knowing how accurate these data sets even are, and given dowry represents subjugation, under-reporting is more than likely.Indian Rural Landholding's Shrinking FastMost Indians are still rural. For e.g., in 2011, ~833 million Indians (~69%) lived rurally compared to ~377 million in cities (6). Yet, individual rural landholding plot sizes almost halved in India since 1992 (See figures below from 6, 7, 8).Rather than helping empower women through landholding, this trend disfavors them by increasing competition for land in an enormous, decidedly male-dominated culture.Available data bear out both these concerns. ~400 million Indian women are rural. Almost 80% of them work in agriculture or related work, and are responsible for ~70% and 90% of food and dairy production,respectively. Yet <13% own the land (9) even as agriculture contributes 14 to 15% of India's GDP (10, 11). Glance at random at an Indian news piece about agriculture. Without fail, men are described as farmers. Women? As agricultural workers. Extent of gender-based disenfranchisement is so deep it casually pervades even the frame the highly educated use to examine salient issues.Irony is India's Constitutional Fundamental Rights guarantees equality of opportunity and rights to all citizens (12). As well, the Hindu Succession Amendment Act 2005 was a landmark progressive and pro-women piece of legislation in a ~1.3 billion population where~80% are Hindu. However, cultural practices all too easily subvert and/or thwart laws allowing Indian women to own land under their own names. Prevailing culture ingrains subservience in women from an early age so lack of awareness and information is a major impediment.Women are thus easily pressured/coerced into writing off their property in favor of their brothers or other male relatives. Dowry's still prevalent so a woman's not considered eligible for more share post-marriage even when she patently is under the law.Data suggest such socio-cultural practices severely limit Indian women's access to land ownership (9). For e.g., in West Bengal state, the government land title document, patta, had space for only one name. Even when meant to give joint ownership to husband and wife, practice was to write the husband's name as the family head. Only recently has the patta been re-designed to provide joint land titles to both husband and wife. Even when the patta is in their names with their photographs, as in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, women typically never see it and believe their husbands have the title. Research in Odisha state uncovered that >30 year old single men, but not women, were considered a household. Such women weren't counted and thus denied access to government welfare schemes including land allocation. Only after this was uncovered did the state government start a program to count such single women in a few districts, and start allocating them homestead plots (9).Despite such steep barriers, women landholders are a barely perceptible but growing segment in different parts of rural India.How Landholding Could Help Indian Women's EmpowermentA 2005 Indian study showed women who owned land were 60% less likely to be subjected to domestic violence (13).A 2007 Nepalese study showed landholding women have greater decision making power at home and their children are less likely to be severely malnourished (14).A 2008 Ethiopian study showed landholding men and women invest twice as much time on its soil and water conservation (15). Implication? Ownership makes people better stewards of their land and environment.Case studies of Indian landholding women reveal (see photos below from 16, 17).Their living standards and confidence improve.They command their community's respect.They garner greater decision making in their families.All too easily overlooked barring an occasional news report, the impossibly slender shoulders of extraordinarily strong women like Chandra Subramanian carry an inordinate burden (photos below from 18). Following local tradition, she was married to her aunt's son at16. Husband and wife worked in a hosiery factory in Tiruppur, the knitwear capital of India. At 24, her father was killed in a road accident. Her husband committed suicide 40 days later. Such twin blows would prostrate the ordinary, not Chandra. This plucky mother's story reveals a person of remarkable strength, wit, and resilience (18). Chandra's mother inherited a 12 acre property on her husband's death and split it equally between her three children. Now 28, on her 4 acre share, Chandra grows vegetables, paddy, sugarcane, corn. Working almost 16 hours a day, she's up at 4 AM performing household chores and fixing her children's lunch. After harvesting vegetables, she walks her kids to school, then heads back to the fields until lunch. On market days, she packs her vegetable sacks on her moped and rides the 15 kms to the nearest town, Sivaganga, to sell her fresh produce. The photos documenting Chandra's life are a tonic. They declare in no uncertain terms that the truly intrepid can just buck up and keep going, no matter what.That her mother inherited her father's land is the 1st critical emancipating event in this saga. Next, that Chandra inherited an equal land share from her mother is the 2nd critical emancipating event. So much else that's essential for a woman's emancipation is invisible and needs must be gleaned from reading between the lines. That a single woman alone on a farm is likely safe in this part of India. Implies a fully functioning local law and order machinery. That the local culture accepts financially independent single women. The astounding can-do spirit of Chandra and her ilk represent the best humanity offers but it can only blossom when laws aren't mere lip-service but actually implemented in deed. This is where there's many a slip between cup and lip in India.BibliographyBloch, Francis, and Vijayendra Rao. "Terror as a bargaining instrument: A case study of dowry violence in rural India." The American Economic Review 92.4 (2002): 1029-1043)Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime. Veena Talwar Oldenburg. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://www.amazon.com/Dowry-Murder-Imperial-Origins-Cultural/dp/0195150724http://ncw.nic.in/acts/THEDOWRYPROHIBITIONACT1961.pdfhttp://www.498a.org/contents/amendments/Act%2046%20of%201983.pdfhttps://www.google.co.in/url sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiUuKLu7evLAhXCVyYKHQIkCawQFggeMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fncrb.nic.in%2FStatPublications%2FCII%2FCII2014%2Fchapters%2FChapter%25205.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHw2-Wo1JnDhbYTPbZqqLKBNuv2MQChandramouli, C. (15 July 2011), Rural Urban Distribution Of Population (PDF), Ministry of Home Affairs (India). http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india/Rural_Urban_2011.pdfAgricultural Land Holdings Pattern in India. NABARD Rural Pulse, Issue - 1, Jan-Feb, 2014. https://www.nabard.org/Publication/Rural_Pulse_final142014.pdfThe Hindu, Rukmini S., Dec 17, 2015. http://www.thehindu.com/data/rural-landholding-almost-halved-over-20-years/article7997668.ece?homepage=trueAnisa Draboo, Yojana, November 2013. http://iasscore.in/pdf/yojna/Women%20and%20land-Why%20is%20it%20important.pdfAgriculture Census in India. U.C. Sud, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India. http://www.iasri.res.in/ebook/TEFCPI_sampling/AGRICULTURE%20CENSUS%20IN%20INDIA.pdfHow Land Rights Can Strenghten And Help Accomplish The Post 2015 Development Agenda: The Case Of India. Anisa Draboo. 2015 World Bank Conference On Land And Property. Washington D.C., March 23 to 27, 2015. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwiG-fiRmuzLAhUHOCYKHXClDEAQFggcMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conftool.com%2Flandandpoverty2015%2Findex.php%2FDraboo-645-645_paper.pdf%3Fpage%3DdownloadPaper%26filename%3DDraboo-645-645_paper.pdf%26form_id%3D645&usg=AFQjCNEJyyaCBERkO3duRqS3zpvdNG87MA&bvm=bv.118443451,d.eWERao, Nitya. "Women’s access to land: An Asian perspective." Expert paper prepared for the UN Group Meeting ‘Enabling Rural Women’s Economic Empowerment: Institutions, Opportunities and Participation’. Accra, Ghana. 2011. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw56/egm/Rao-EP-3-EGM-RW-30Sep-2011.pdfPanda, Pradeep, and Bina Agarwal. "Marital violence, human development and women’s property status in India." World Development 33.5 (2005): 823-850. https://www.amherst.edu/media/view/92357/original/Marial%252BViolence%25252C%252BHuman%252BDevelopment%252Band%252BWomen%252527s%252BProperty%252BStatus.pdfAllendorf, Keera. "Do women’s land rights promote empowerment and child health in Nepal?." World development 35.11 (2007): 1975-1988. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3657746/pdf/nihms34747.pdfDeininger, Klaus, Daniel Ayalew Ali, and Tekie Alemu. "Impacts of land certification on tenure security, investment, and land market participation: evidence from Ethiopia." Land Economics 87.2 (2011): 312-334. http://www.umb.no/statisk/ncde-2009/klaus_deininger.pdfIn pictures: How the right to own land transformed the lives of these five women. The Scroll, Anisa Draboo, March 8, 2016. http://scroll.in/article/804799/in-pictures-gaining-ground-how-land-rights-transformed-these-five-womens-livesLandesa, Rural Development Institute. http://www.landesa.org/resources/photos-odisha-women-land-rights/Small farmer, big heart, miracle bike. The Hindu, Aparna Karthikeyan, March 8, 2016. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/chandra-subramanian-small-farmer-big-heart-miracle-bike/article8324341.ece?homepage=trueThanks for the A2A, Alecia Li Morgan.

Anti Homosexuality Law - PDFTHE ANTI HOMOSEXUALITY BILL. 2009.MEMORANDUM1.1. The principleThe object of this Bill is to establish a comprehensive consolidated legislation to protect thetraditional family by prohibiting (i) any form of sexual relations between persons of the samesex; and (ii) the promotion or recognition of such sexual relations in public institutions and otherplaces through or with the support of any Government entity in Uganda or any non governmentalorganization inside or outside the country.This Bill aims at strengthening the nation’s capacity to deal with emerging internal and externalthreats to the traditional heterosexual family.This legislation further recognizes the fact that same sex attraction is not an innate andimmutable characteristic.The Bill further aims at providing a comprehensive and enhanced legislation to protect thecherished culture of the people of Uganda. legal, religious, and traditional family values of thepeople of Uganda against the attempts of sexual rights activists seeking to impose their values ofsexual promiscuity on the people of Uganda.There is also need to protect the children and youths of Uganda who are made vulnerable tosexual abuse and deviation as a result of cultural changes, uncensored information technologies,parentless child developmental settings and increasing attempts by homosexuals to raise childrenin homosexual relationships through adoption, foster care, or otherwise.2.1. Defects In existing law.This proposed legislation is designed to fill the gaps in the provisions of other laws in Ugandae.g. the Penal Code Act Cap. 120.The Penal Code Act (CapI20) has no comprehensive provision catering for anti homosexuality. Itfocuses on unnatural offences under section 145 and lacks provisions for penalizing theprocurement, promoting, disseminating literature and other pornographic materials concerningthe offences of homosexuality hence the need for legislation to provide for charging,investigating, prosecuting, convicting and sentencing of offenders.This legislation comes to complement and supplement the provisions of the Constitution ofUganda and the Penal Code Act Cap 120 by not only criminalizing same sex marriages but alsosame-sex sexual acts and other related acts.3.0. The objectives of the BillThe objectives of the Bill are to:(a) provide for marriage in Uganda as that contracted only between a man and a woman; (b) prohibit and penalize homosexual behavior and related practices in Uganda as they constitutea threat to the traditional family;(e) prohibit ratification of any international treaties, conventions, protocols, agreements anddeclarations which are contrary or inconsistent with the provisions of this Act;(d) prohibit the licensing of organizations which promote homosexuality.3.1. Part I of the Bill incorporating clause 1 provides for preliminary mailers relating tointerpretation of the words and phrases used in the Bill.3.2. Part II of the Bill incorporating clause 2 to 6 prohibits homosexuality and related practicesby introducing the offences of engaging In homosexuality, and the penalties of imprisonmentupon conviction. This pan also provides for protection, assistance and support for victims ofhomosexuality.3.3. Part III of the Bill incorporating clause 7 to clause 14 creates offences and penalties foracts that promote homosexuality, failure to report the offence and impose a duty on thecommunity to report suspected cases of homosexuality.3.4. Part IV of the Bill incorporating clause 15 to clause 17 provides for the jurisdiction ofUganda Courts in case of Homosexuality, including extra territorial jurisdiction.3.5. Part V of the Bill incorporating clauses 18 and 19 provides for miscellaneous provisionson International Treaties, Protocols. Declarations and conventions and the Minister to makeregulations to give effect to the Act.Schedule of the Bill gives the value of the currency point.HON DAVID BAHATI,Member of Parliament, Ndorwa County West Kabale.THE ANTI HOMOSEXUALITY BILL, 2009.ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES.PART I — PRELIMINARYClauseI. Interpretation.PART ll-PROHIBITION OF HOMOSEXUALITY.2. The offence of homosexuality3. Aggravated homosexuality.4. Attempt to commit homosexuality.5. Protection, assistance and payment of compensation to victims of homoseuxality6. Confidentiality. PART Ill — RELATED OFFENCES AND PENALTIES.7. Aiding and abating homosexuality.8. Conspiracy to engage in homosexuality.9. Procuring homosexuality. by threats, etc.10. Detention with intent to commit homosexuality.11. Brothels.12. Same sex marriage.13. Promotion of homosexuality.14. Failure to disclose the offence.PART IV — JURISDICTION.15. Jurisdiction.16. Extra-territorial Jurisdiction.17. Extradition.PART V — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS18. International treaties.19. Regulations.ScheduleCurrency point.——A BILL FOR AN ACTENTITLEDTHE ANTI HOMOSEXUALITY ACT, 2009.An Act to prohibit any form of sexual relations between persons of the same sex; prohibitthe promotion or recognition of such relations and to provide for other related matters.BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows:PART I — PRELIMINARY.I. Interpretation.In this Act. unless the context otherwise requires – “authority” means having power and control over other people because of your knowledge andofficial position; and shall include a person who exercises religious. political, economic or socialauthority;“bisexual” means a person who is sexually attracted to both males and females;“child” means a person below the age of 18 years:“currency point” has the value assigned to it in the Schedule to this Act;“disability” means a substantial limitation of daily life activities caused by physical. mental orsensory impairment and environment barriers resulting in limited participation;“felony” means an offence which is declared by law to be a felony or if not declared to be amisdemeanor is punishable without proof of previous conviction, with death or withimprisonment for 3 years or more.;“gay”" means a male person who engages in sexual intimacy with another person of the samesex;“‘gender”" means male or female;“HIV” means the Human Immunodeficiency Virus;“homosexual”‘ means a person who engages or attempts to engage in same gender sexualactivity;“homosexuality”’ means same gender or same sex sexual acts;“lesbian” means a female who engages in sexual intimacy with another female;“Minister’” means the Minister responsible for ethics and integrity;“misdemeanor” means an offence which is not a felony;“serial offender” means a person who has previous convictions of the offence of homosexualityor related offences;“sexual act” includes –(a) physical sexual activity that docs not necessarily culminate in intercourse and may includethe touching of another’s breast, vagina, penis or anus:(b) stimulation or penetration of a vagina or mouth or anus or any part of the body of any person,however slight by a sexual organ; (c) the unlawful use of any object or organ by a person on another person’s sexual organ or anusor mouth;“sexual organ” means a vagina, penis or any artificial sexual contraption;“touching” includes touching—(a) with any part of the body;(b) with anything else;(c) through anything;and in particular includes touching amounting to penetration of any sexual organ. anus or mouth.“victim” includes a person who is involved in homosexual activities against his or her will.PART II — HOMOSEXUALITY AND RELATED PRACTICES.2. The offence of homosexuality.(1) A person commits the offence of homosexuality if-(a) he penetrates the anus or mouth of another person of the same sex with his penis or any othersexual contraption;(b) he or she uses any object or sexual contraption to penetrate or stimulate sexual organ of aperson of the same sex;(e) he or she touches another person with the intention of committing the act of homosexuality.(2) A person who commits an offence under this section shall be liable on conviction toimprisonment for life.3. Aggravated homosexuality.(1) A person commits the offense of aggravated homosexuality where the(a) person against whom the offence is committed is below the age of 18 years;(b) offender is a person living with HIV;(c) offender is a parent or guardian of the person against whom the offence is committed;(d) offender is a person in authority over the person against whom the offence is committed;(e) victim of the offence is a person with disability; (f) offender is a serial offender, or(g) offender applies, administers or causes to be used by any man or woman any drug, matter orthing with intent to stupefy overpower him or her so as to there by enable any person to haveunlawful carnal connection with any person of the same sex,(2) A person who commits the offence of aggravated homosexuality shall be liable on convictionto suffer death.(3) Where a person is charged with the offence under this section, that person shall undergo amedical examination to ascertain his or her HIV status.4, Attempt to commit homosexuality.(1) A person who attempts to commit the offence of homosexuality commits a felony and isliable on conviction to imprisonment seven years.(2) A person who attempts to commit the offence of aggravated homosexuality commits anoffence and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for life.5. Protection, assistance and payment of compensation to victims of homosexuality.(1 ) A victim of homosexuality shall not be penalized for any crime commuted as a direct resultof his or her involvement in homosexuality.(2) A victim of homosexuality shall be assisted to enable his or her views and concerns to bepresented and considered at the appropriate stages of the criminal proceedings.(3) Where a person is convicted of homosexuality or aggravated homosexuality under sections 2and 3 of this Act, the court may, in addition to any sentence imposed on the offender, order thatthe victim of the offence be paid compensation by the offender for any physical, sexual orpsychological harm caused to the victim by the offence.(4) The amount of compensation shall be determined by the court and the court shall take intoaccount the extent of harm suffered by the victim of the offence. the degree of force used by theoffender and medical and other expenses incurred by the victim as a result of the offence.6. Confidentiality.(1) At any stage of the Investigation or trial of an offence under this Act, law enforcementofficers, prosecutors, judicial officers and medical practitioners, as well as parties to the case,shall recognize the right to privacy of the victim.(2) For the purpose of subsection (I), in cases involving children and other cases where the courtconsiders it appropriate. proceedings of the court shall be conducted in camera, outside thepresence of the media.(3) Any editor or publisher, reporter or columnist in case of printed materials. announcer orproducer in case of television and radio, producer or director of a film to case of the movie industry. or any person utilizing trimedia facilities or information technology who publishes orcauses the publicity of the names and personal circumstances or any other information tending toestablish the victim’s identity without authority of court commits an offence and is liable onconviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty currency points.7. Aiding and abating homosexualityA person who aids, abets, counsels or procures another to engage in acts of homosexualitycommits an offence and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for seven years.8. Conspiracy to engage in homosexuality.A person who conspires with another to induce another person of the same sex by any means offalse pretence or other fraudulent means to permit any person of the same sex to haveunlawful carnal knowledge of him or her commits an offence and is liable on conviction toimprisonment for seven years.9. Procuring homosexuality by threats, etc.(1) A person who–(a) by threats or intimidation procures or attempts to procure any woman or man to have anyunlawful carnal knowledge with any person of the same sex, either in Uganda or elsewhere;(b) by false pretences or false representations procures any woman or man to have any unlawfulcarnal connection with any person of the same sex, either in Uganda or elsewhere; or(2) A person shall not be convicted of an offence under this section upon the evidence of onewitness only, unless that witness is corroborated in some material particular by evidenceimplicating the accused.10. Detention with intent to commit homosexuality.A person who detains another person with the intention to commit acts of homosexuality withhim or herself or with any other person commits an offence and is liable on conviction for sevenyears.11. Brothels.(1) A person who keeps a house, room,set of rooms or place of any kind for the purposes ofhomosexuality commits an offence and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for seven years.2) A person being the owner or occupier of premises or having or acting or assisting in themanagement or control of the premises, induces or knowingly suffers any man or woman toresort to or be upon such premises for the purpose of being unlawfully and carnally known byany man or woman of the same sex whether such carnal knowledge is intended to be with anyparticular man or woman generally, commits a felony and is liable on conviction toimprisonment for five years. 12. Same sex marriage.A person who purports to contract a marriage with another person of the same sex commits theoffence of homosexuality and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for life.13. Promotion of homosexuality.(1) A person who –(a) participates in production. procuring, marketing, broadcasting, disseminating, publishingpornographic materials for purposes of promoting homosexuality;(b) funds or sponsors homosexuality or other related activities;(c) offers premises and other related fixed or movable assets for purposes of homosexuality orpromoting homosexuality;(d) uses electronic devices which include internet, films, mobile phones for purposes ofhomosexuality or promoting homosexuality and;(e) who acts as an accomplice or attempts to promote or in any way abets homosexuality andrelated practices;commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a line of live thousand currency points orimprisonment of a minimum of five years and a maximum of seven years or both fine andimprisonment.(2) Where the offender is a corporate body or a business or an association or a non-governmentalorganization, on conviction its certificate of registration shall be cancelled and the director orproprietor or promoter shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for seven years.14. Failure to disclose the offence.A person in authority, who being aware of the commission of any offence under this Act, omitsto report the offence to the relevant authorities within twenty-four hours of having first had thatknowledge, commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundredand fifty currency points or imprisonment not exceeding three years.PART IV — JURISDICTION15. Jurisdiction.Save for aggravated homosexuality that shall be tried by the High Court, the magistrates courtshall have jurisdiction to try the other offences under this Act.16. Extra- Territorial Jurisdiction.This Act shall apply to offenses committed outside Uganda where – (a) a person who, while being a citizen of or permanently residing in Uganda, commits an actoutside Uganda, which act would constitute an offence under this Act had it been committed inUganda; or(b) the offence was committed partly outside and or partly in Uganda.17. Extradition.A person charged with an offence under this Act shall be liable to extradition under the existingextradition laws.PART V — MISCELLANEOUS.18. Nullification of inconsistent international treaties, protocols, declarations andconventions.(1) Any International legal instrument whose provisions are contradictory to thespirit and provisions enshrined in this Act, are null and void to the extent of their inconsistency.(2) Definitions of “sexual orientation”, “sexual rights”, “sexual minorities”, “gender identity”shall not be used in anyway to legitimize homosexuality, gender identity disorders and relatedpractices in Uganda.19. Regulations.The Minister may, by statutory instrument. make regulations generally for better carrying out theprovisions of this Act.SCHEDULEOne currency point in equivalent to twenty thousand shillings.

Adam, the answer to your question is ASAP for the CONSULAR REPORT OF BIRTH ABROAD. You will need to involve your parents because the forms needed are for them to complete. It also requires fees.I apologize to give you a long answer but I need you to have the full information. Please have your parents read this completely:If your child was born outside of the United States and you believe he/she is a U.S. citizen, your first step is to apply for the child's Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA). This document serves as proof of U.S. citizenship and is generally a prerequisite for the issuance of a U.S. passport. Although applications are accepted up until the child's 18th birthday, you should apply for your child's CRBA as soon after his/her birth as practical. Applications submitted years after the child's birth may take significant time to resolve because evidence to prove the child's citizenship may be difficult to obtain. In some delayed cases it may impossible to establish the child’s citizenship.To request a Consular Report of Birth, an application must be personally submitted to the U.S. Consulate in Curacao. Please keep in mind that the Consulate serves and processes CRBAs for births in Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, St. Eustatius, and St. Maarten. CRBA applications for births in Saint Martin (French side) should be registered with the U.S. Embassy in Barbados. CRBA applications for births elsewhere should be registered at the appropriate U.S. Embassy or Consulate. Applications must be made at the Consulate and no appointment is necessary.While the Consular Report of Birth Abroad is an essential document, it cannot be used to travel. Consequently, at the same time that you apply for your child’s Consular Report of Birth Abroad, you may also apply for his/her U.S. passport. There is no need to visit us twice to apply for your child’s Consular Report of Birth Abroad and passport; you may apply for both at the same time. Finally, most parents will also want to apply for their child’s Social Security number, which is required for most U.S. government services, or to declare a child as a dependent on the parents’ U.S. tax returns.The application may be submitted when you apply for your child’s Consular Report of Birth Abroad and U.S. passport.Who must appear at the time of application? In all cases, the child and at least one of the parents must appear in person at the time of application. If practical, both parents should accompany the child, since the consular officer will be better able to determine citizenship if he/she has the opportunity to interview both parents in person. If only one parent is present, the consular officer has the discretion, depending on the facts of the case, to withhold a determination of citizenship pending an interview with both parents. Additionally, bear in mind that both parents must ordinarily appear or otherwise consent to the issuance of the child’s U.S. passport.Please see our passport information for details about this consent requirement and further instructions about the passport application process. Required Forms When you visit the Consulate, you will be asked to submit up to five different forms.To keep your visit as short as possible, we ask that you print and complete these forms before your visit.  Application for the Consular Report of Birth Abroad: This form can be filled out and signed by either parent. The signature must be notarized by a notary public, either in the United States or the Netherlands Antilles, or at the U.S. Embassy or Consular Agency when you submit your application.  Application for your child’s Social Security number: A Social Security number is required for many U.S. government services, and to declare your child as a dependent on your U.S. tax returns.  Affidavit of paternity/maternity and physical presence: This form which must be completed by the U.S. citizen parent if the other parent is not also a U.S. citizen. It is not required if both parents are U.S. citizens. The affidavit requires the U.S. citizen parent to acknowledge that the child is his/hers, and to state, as specifically as possible, the parent's periods of physical presence in the United States. Extra sheets may be attached as necessary. The document must be notarized or signed in front of the consular officer at the time of application.  Application for the child's U.S. passport: While you are not required to apply for your child's passport at the same time that you apply for his/her Consular Report of Birth Abroad, you are encouraged to do so.Please use the passport application wizard to complete and print the DS-11 form but do not sign the application until the consular officer interviews you.  Statement of consent for the issuance of a passport: This form must be submitted if one of the parents does not accompany his/her child to the Consulate. A parent who cannot appear must fill out the form, sign it in front of a Netherlands Antilles or U.S. notary, and give the form (original, fax, or emailed .pdf version) to the other parent, who must then present it at the time of application, along with a photocopy of the absent parent’s photo ID. If the parent is unavailable to fill out the consent form, the form may also be used to explain the parent's unavailability in the section titled "special circumstances."This form must be completed only in English. Required and Suggested Evidence  Proof of physical presence in the United States: In cases in which only one parent is a U.S. citizen, that parent must submit evidence that he/she was present in the United States for the required amount of time prior to the birth of the child. (See above.) Such evidence frequently takes the form of passports; tax records, including W-2 forms; pay statements or other evidence of employment; photos; school transcripts; apartment leases; or annual Social Security statements. These are suggestions, and you are encouraged to submit all available documentary proof. If no such evidence is available, the consular officer will advise you at the time of your application what alternatives you may have for proving your presence in the United States.  Child's birth certificate: You must submit a certified copy of the child's Netherlands Antilles birth certificate.  Proof of parents' identity: Each parent must submit an original or certified copy of a government-issued photo ID, such as a driver's license, or the photo page of his/her passport.  If parents are married - proof of parents' marriage and termination of previous marriages: If the child's parents are married, the consular officer may also request a certified copy of their marriage certificate. If either parent has been married previously, the consular officer may request evidence that any previous marriages were terminated, such as a certified divorce decree or death certificate. While these documents are not always required, it is to your advantage to bring them in case the consular officer requests them.  Proof of paternity/maternity: In cases in which paternity or maternity is in question, the consular officer may request additional proof. Sometimes this proof may take the form of family photographs, baptism records, medical records, or other documents. In other cases, DNA testing may be suggested. If DNA testing is appropriate in your case, the consular officer will advise you about the process. Please note that DNA testing will not be accepted if it is performed without the consular officer's guidance.  Additional evidence: The consular officer, in his/her discretion, may request additional documents or other evidence as necessary. You will be advised at the time of application if such evidence is required in your case. Passport Photos No photo is required for the Consular Report of Birth Abroad. If you are also applying for your child's passport, you must bring one recent photo of the child, measuring 5x5 cm (2x2 inches) and with a white background. The photo is identical to the photo used for a U.S. visa.Fees The cost of applying for a Consular Report of Birth Abroad is US$100, and is not refundable even if your application is denied. The fee for applying for your child's passport is an additional US$105, also nonrefundable. These fees are payable at the time of application, in dollars or guilders. Checks and credit and debit cards are not accepted. The fee for delivery of documents to your home is additional and is described below. Pickup or Delivery of Documents The method of pickup or delivery depends on where you live. If you live on Curacao, your child's Consular Report of Birth Abroad and U.S. passport will be available for pickup at the Consulate ten calendar days after your application is approved. Pickup hours are 08:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays except holidays. If you live elsewhere in the Netherlands Antilles, delivery of the documents by courier service is available at an additional charge, payable in cash, while you are at the Consulate. That fee, current as of July, 2010 is $30 U.S. Dollars. The documents will arrive by courier service 2 weeks after your application is approved. If you apply for your child’s Social Security number, a Social Security card will be delivered to you by international mail directly from the Social Security Administration to your address in the Netherlands Antilles.Because of delays in processing of overseas Social Security applications, delivery of your child’s card will take 8-12 months. If one of the child’s parents will be in the United States before the card arrives, you are encouraged to visit a Social Security office while there to request an update on your application.Please visit the Social Security Administration’s website for the location of Social Security offices in the United States. Children Born in Other Foreign Countries If your child was born in another foreign country but is currently in the Netherlands Antilles, you may still submit an application for the child's Consular Report of Birth Abroad and passport in Netherlands Antilles, as described above. Your application will then be sent to the U.S. Embassy or to a U.S. Consulate in the country where your child was born, and a consular officer there will make a determination of the child's citizenship. This process may take several months, and you are therefore encouraged to apply in the country where your child was born, if practical. Replacement Copies of your Consular Report of Birth Abroad Official copies of a previously issued Consular Report of Birth Abroad are not available from the Consulate and must be requested directly from the Department of State in Washington. Please see the Department of State website for ordering instructions. Additional Questions If you have additional questions, please email Consulate’s American Citizen Services at [email protected]