Wh 1 2011: Fill & Download for Free

Absolutely.Here is the most average face on the planet:In 2011 National Geographic ran a series of stories called Population 7 Billion.[1]Apparently, the most typical person on the planet is a 28-year-old Han Chinese Man.The above composite (left) was created from thousands of photos of men fitting that description.The image on the right is an artist’s representation of that composite. It’s made of 7,000 images; each represents 1 million people on Earth.What about national average faces?Well, turns out there are composites of those, too.Here are the average German faces (only from 64 females and 32 males):[2]And some psychologists at the University of Glasgow—who apparently had a whole lot of time on their hands—created images of the “average woman” from countries around the world.[3] Here’s a sample:So yep, there’s such a thing as an average face.Footnotes[1] Anthropocene: Age of Man[2] Beautycheck - average faces[3] The average woman revealed: Study blends thousands to faces to find wh

Because there is nothing to charge him with.James Comey is the author of the memos.James Comey wrote unclassified versions. Those are the ones that were released to the media.I’m just stunned that Trump supporters raise this issue. It’s kind of like Trump supporters going “but what about the Clinton Foundation?” Duh—do you really want a conversation about Foundations so we can bring up the Trump Foundation? Do Trump supporters really want to start a conversation about how classified information is handled in the Trump Administration? I mean, I’d be fine with the House holding hearings on this. They could start with Comey. Then they’d proceed to Bannon and others using RNC email accounts for WH business. Then they’d move to the President refusing to use the secure phone that Secret Service provided for him to send his tweets and emails on. Then they’ve move to Jared Kushner using a WhatsUp ap that has been proven to be hacked by the Chinese. Then it would look at the use of private email accounts and servers by Ivanka, Jared, Donald Jr. and others. And then we’d look at how the security clearance process was ignored and a range of people who couldn’t qualify for clearances were allowed to repeatedly handle classified documents. And since they were all incidents involving the current administration, they’d take precedence over, say, emails that have been investigated in 2010 or 2011.

The answers are:Tesla’s NCA battery is not an ideal EV energy storage solution if you want a 3–5 minute full charge and 10,000+ cycle-life.Newer and better supercapacitors are on the horizon to challenge the Li-ion’s role for EVs, so better to bring the best name in the industry into your fold now than later.(Added later) The solid-state battery technology (solid electrolyte) may be of interest to Tesla’s battery technologies.It is well-known that Elon Musk went to Stanford Univ. to pursue his PhD in Supercapacitors in 1995, and dropped out after 2-days to start the Zip2 web software company. Better materials for supercaps like carbon nanotubes and graphene were not available in 1995, so he made the right choice.At a Cleantech forum in San Francisco on 16 March 2011, Musk said: "If I were to make a prediction, I’d think there's a good chance that it is not batteries, but capacitors.” Elon Musk already knew to store electrons directly as opposed to chemically is a better solution for EVs than chemical batteries.Supercapacitors (NEC trade name) do not involve ions running back-n-forth between the two electrodes, so there’s no internal wear-n-tear (and growing dendrites). The electrical charges stay on one side of the electrode and go out to the load when it’s playtime. Conventional supercapacitors (6–8 Wh/kg) have 500K-1M cycle-life. The weak link in supercapacitor cycle-life is the organic electrolyte; it breaks down, in time and in heat. At 3V, it can short out, so they usually recommend to charge the cells up to 2.75V.Ultracapacitors (Maxwell’s trade name) have been in the 6–8 Wh/kg class, so let’s hope Maxwell has something much better on the horizon. Supercapacitors typically have a thin coating of activated carbon on the current collector; around 1,500 m2/g, and then a liquid electrolyte is vacuum injected into the rolled-up cells after they are in their cans. In some cases, the electrolyte is applied before being rolled.Recent R&D lab tests around the world have shown 50–70 Wh/kg specific-energy for supercaps using graphene. When I met with Maxwell R&D many years ago, we were talking about using carbon nanotubes, since graphene wasn’t available yet. New forms of graphene will perform even better than carbon nanotubes, today.Since Tesla’s NCA Li-ion chemistry is around 250 Wh/kg, even Ultracaps may not be that good at this time using conventional graphene. Supercaps have a much higher charge-leak or self-discharge rate than Li-ion chemistries. So, you may not want a full supercap power pack for your EV if you park it for more than 1–2 weeks at a time (e.g. airport). That issue may be improved with a solid electrolyte.If an EV power pack has around 10–15% supercaps, and the rest as NCA, then the NCA will likely have a much longer service life. The reason is the high current drain for acceleration and high current input from brake-regen can be buffered by the supercaps. The NCA pack can sit back and enjoy the slower current drain from cruising.Let’s do an example assuming 500V as the pack voltage. When supercharging, the supercaps can receive 100C or more, but the charger conductors get too large and heavy. So, let’s use 20C, for now. A 15 kWh supercap pack can be fully charged in 3-minutes at 20C (500V, 600A). During that 3-minutes, the NCA pack can also be charged at the 1C rate that NCA is more comfortable with (500V, 170A); that’s about 4.25 kWh.If you have more time, and no one is on line behind you, then you can charge up the NCA pack more. If you’re in a hurry, then the 15 kWh in the supercap pack and the 4 kWh in the NCA pack should get you another 50-miles, not including any regen coming back to the packs. You can program the supercap pack to slowly recharge the NCA pack as you drive if it has room. This way, when you get to the next charging station, you can top-off the supercap pack again; but, most likely you’re already home by then.For vehicles that do long drives (trucks) or a known routes each day (urban delivery vehicles), then a 90% supercap pack will make more sense. These vehicles can be charged before they need to leave. Truck stops can install high current chargers to fully charge a truck in less than 10-min. The urban delivery vehicles can drain their supercap packs into a supercap bank at the depot for use the next day.If EVs were designed to have modular power packs like eScooters, then the owner can slide in extra packs of Li-ion cells or supercaps for longer trips that day. You can do that up to the point of diminishing returns in weight, volume, and mileage. These packs can sit in their charger cradles in the garage or in your apartment (flat).ADDENDUM (8 March 2019)I forgot to mention the graphene supercaps in the labs may not include the weight of the cell packaging materials and metal current collectors. So, the labs that reported 50–70 Wh/kg said the current collector metal sheets were included in their numbers, then fully packaged supercaps might be around 25–35 Wh/kg. However, one lab has even reported 350 Wh/kg (active materials only) or 88 Wh/kg with commercial packaging. Will advise once I have confirmation from the labs.