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Yes, working in a large Teaching Medical Center you get admissions from City Jail and other jails. Several incidents come to mind, not as funny but morbidly sad. I worked as Case Manager on the Cardiac Units, CCU and Heart Transplant units.Prisoner transferred from City jail after an arrest with drug possession/selling, complaining of chest pain, diaphoresis and elevated cardiac enzymes. Stress test done. Stress test indicated need for stents, scheduled for surgery. Later in day called to unit, as “FBI” there to transfer him to jail based on not the latest issue, but outstanding warrants. Chap showed his credentials, explained he had violated parole, numerous charges, and he will be transferred to the Prison system. Asked about infirmary support system at jail, as this is major cardiac surgery and monitoring is needed. He told me I did not need to go “bleeding heart liberal”about him. I imagine you think it went downhill from there, but it did not. Urged he give us 24 more hours with our Physicians, and avoid complications. He agreed. Next am, I arrive on the Unit to 2 Police “removing” the gentleman to jail 150 miles away!The last time we saw Patient X, no way. About two months later, he is back. This time not via the jail escort, just walked into the ER, complaining of chest pain. Had never taken meds needed post stent placement, now 2mos later the stent is compromised. Back to surgery for stent repair. Get a report that during the night he jumped the nurses Station in CCU demanding drugs, and had a knife. Nurse hit the panic button, and Security on scene within a short time. Police called, and he was transferred to jail.The most tragic and one of the ten times I felt totally helpless as a health care professional, was a 22year old male transferred in from a Federal Prison to CCU. Unconscious, (no guard, but shackled to the bed frame (keys with Security and Head Nurse), temperature 103–105 for days in jail infirmary, no history of treatments rendered, but massive sinus infection with major complications. Spoke with physician, diagnosis critical and survival not possible with reduced brain waves and cardiac issues. Discussed with Team about contacting jail, question of family notification. Spoke to the Director’s assistant at jail, family WILL not be notified about any change in medical issues, but will be notified at his death, when I asked if his mother might want to see him, his response was “he should have thought of that.” (Husband worked in jail in another State, and they do notify and allow visits) Young man expired later that day.The most distressing part of this aside from the callous regard of the Prison system, was the Ward clerk who was reading the chart and started a rumor that a group of murdering thugs were invited to come see this criminal, placing the whole Hospital staff at risk. She communicated this to a network of friends. I was on another unit when the Ward Clerk asked why I would have murderous thugs come to the Hospital, and threaten all of us? This is sometimes the downside in a closed Community work site.

1 INTRODUCTIONThe Indian System of Medicine is of great antiquity. It is the culmination of Indian thought of medicine which represents a way of healthy living valued with a long and unique cultural history, as also amalgamating the best of influences that came in from contact with other civilizations be it Greece (resulting in Unani Medicine) or Germany (Homeopathy) or our scriptures/sages which gave us the science of Ayurveda, Siddha as also Yoga & Naturopathy.Like the multifaceted culture in our country, traditional medicines have evolved over centuries blessed with a plethora of traditional medicines and practices. A separate Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy (ISM&H) was set up in 1995 to ensure the optimal development and propagation of AYUSH systems of health care.The Department of ISM&H was re-named as the Department of AYUSH (an acronym for - Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy) in November 2003. Sowa Rigpa has been recognized under IMCC Act, 1970 by the notification published in Gazette of India on 16th December, 2011.On 9th November, 2014, first time the Department of AYUSH is formed as a separate Ministry; known as Ministry of AYUSH. With an increase in lifestyle-related disorders there is a worldwide resurgence of interest in holistic systems of health care, particularly with respect to the prevention and management of chronic, non-communicable and systemic diseases.It is increasingly understood that no single health care system can provide satisfactory answers to all the health needs of modern society. Evidently there is a need for a new inclusive and integrated health care regime that should guide health policies and programmes in future. India has an advantage in this global resurgence of interest in holistic therapies as it has a rich heritage of indigenous medical knowledge coupled with strong infrastructure and skilled manpower in modern medicine.Medical pluralism is here to stay and the AYUSH sector has a critical role to play in the new and emerging situation. The Ministry of AYUSH promotes and propagates Indian systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy, and is committed to infuse the wisdom of traditional medicine with the methodologies of modern science, scientifically validating the systems and presenting them in the scientific idiom, relating their efficacy to modern life styles.The Department has, over the years, developed a broad institutional framework to carry out its activities. The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) functions under the Department to coordinate activities relating to conservation, cultivation, marketing, export and policy making for the development of the medicinal plants sector.There are two statutory regulatory bodies, namely Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) and Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH) for laying down minimum standards of education, recommending recognition of medical qualifications, registering the practitioners and laying down of ethical codes.Five research councils, for Ayurveda (CCRAS), Siddha (CCRS), Unani (CCRUM), Yoga and Naturopathy (CCRYN) and Homeopathy (CCRH) are responsible for the officially sponsored research activities.So far, eight National Institutes for Ayurveda (NIA, Jaipur), (RAV, New Delhi) & (IPGTRA, Jamnagar), Siddha (NIS, Chennai), Unani (NIUM, Bangalore), Yoga (MDNIY, New Delhi), Naturopathy (NIN, Pune) and Homoeopathy (NIH, Kolkata) are existing at national level for teaching, research and clinical practices.For Standardisation and testing of Drugs, various agencies have been put in plan by the Government of India. Four different Pharmacopoeia Committees are working for preparing official formularies / pharmacopoeias to evolve uniform standards in preparation of drugs of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy and to prescribe working standards for single drugs as well as compound formulations.A Drug Control Cell is working in the Department to deal with the matters pertaining to licensing, regulation and control of drugs and the spurious manufacture of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Drugs and other matters.Two apex Laboratories, namely, Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) and Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeial Laboratory (HPL) are functioning as Standard Setting-Cum-Drug-testing Laboratories for Indian Medicines and Homoeopathy respectively. Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd.(IMPCL), a Public Sector Undertaking, manufactures classical Ayurveda and Unani drugs. The Ministry also manages the CGHS Ayurveda Hospital at Lodhi Road, New Delhi. Bringing AYUSH into the mainstream health care delivery system of the country has long been a major policy objective of the Ministry.Under the NRHM, AYUSH facilities are being set up in PHCs and CHCs and are being manned by qualified AYUSH physicians appointed on contract basis. 2 Since the creation of a separate Ministry, there has been a substantial increase in the infrastructural facilities under AYUSH systems in the country. Presently, there are 3639 hospitals with about 56250 beds, 26405 dispensaries, 7,71,468 doctors, 550 educational institutions with admission capacity of about 32256 UG student and 4339 PG students and 8667 drug-manufacturing units under AYUSH systems. Under NRHM, AYUSH facilities have been co-located with 497 District hospitals, 2649 CHCs and 8124 PHCs. A. SYSTEMS(i) Ayurveda:The word ‘Ayurveda’ has derived out of fusion of two separate words- Áyu’ i.e. life and ‘veda’ i.e. knowledge. Thus in literal meaning Ayurveda is the science of life. Ayurveda is a classical system of preventive, promotive and curative healthcare originating from the Vedas documented around 5000 years ago and currently recognized and practiced in India and many countries in the world.It is one of the most ancient healthcare systems having equal scientific relevance in the modern world, that take a holistic view of the physical, mental, spiritual and social aspects of human life, health and disease. It is believed that Ayurveda is originated out of Vedas (particularly Rigveda and Atharvaveda).Numerous references of health, diseases, their treatment as well as use of nonmaterialistic things such as sun rays, fasting, mantra etc; are available in these Vedas.The knowledge of Ayurveda was first comprehensively documented in the compendia like ‘Brahma Samhita’, Ágnivesha tantra’, ‘Bhela Samhita’ etc. Out of these, only some part of Bhela Samhita is available today.The Agnivesha Tantra was edited by Charak around 5000 years back called Charak Samhita and thereafter re-edited by Dridhbala, which is one of the main text of Ayurveda available in complete form today. This is the most translated treatise of Ayurveda, which got translated into many foreign languages like Tibetan, Arabic, Unani and Greek even in ancient time.In recent past many scholars have translated Charak Samhita into English, German, and Japanese languages. Likewise another full available ancient text mainly dealing with surgical aspect of diseases is Sushruta Samhita, which has also undergone 3-4 editions in past 5000 years.According to Ayurveda, health is considered as a basic pre-requisite for achieving the goals of life - Dharma (duties), Arth (finance), Kama (materialistic desires) and Moksha (salvation). As per the fundamental basis of Ayurveda, all objects and living bodies are composed of five basic elements, called the Pancha Mahabhootas, namely: Prithvi (earth), Jal (water), Agni (fire), Vayu (air) and Akash (ether).The philosophy of Ayurveda is based on the fundamental correlation between the universe and the man. Hence Ayurveda has also stressed on environmental aspects and has advised various measures for conservation of nature as well as to avoid the pollution of Air, water and Soil.Ayurveda imbibes the humoral theory of Tridosha- the Vata (ether + air), Pitta (fire) and Kapha (earth + water), which are considered as the three physiological entities in living beings responsible for all metabolic functions. The mental characters of human beings are attributable to Satva, Rajas and Tamas, which are the psychological properties of life collectively terms as ‘Triguna’.Ayurveda aims to keep structural and functional entities in a state of equilibrium, which signifies good health (Swasthya). Any imbalance due to internal or external factors leads to disease and the treatment consists of restoring the equilibrium through various procedures, regimen, diet, medicines and behavior change.Ayurveda, being an applied Science and considering the limitations for printing in ancient time, all the ancient texts have concentrated mainly on applied aspects. Understanding of ‘Functional Anatomy’ i.e. Sharir is the unique contribution of Ayurveda to the modern science which has great potential for new discoveries in System Biology.The treatment approach in the Ayurveda system is holistic and individualized having preventive, curative, mitigative, recuperative and rehabilitative aspects. The preventive aspect of Ayurveda is called Svasth-Vritta and includes personal hygiene, daily and seasonal regimens, appropriate social behavior and use of materials & practices for healthy aging and prevention of premature loss of health attribute.The curative treatment consists of Aushadhi (drugs), Ahara (diet) and Vihara (life style). Ayurveda largely uses plants as raw materials for the manufacture of drugs, though materials of animal and marine origin, metals and minerals are also used. Ayurvedic medicines are generally safe and have little or no known adverse side-effects, if manufactured properly and consumed judiciously following the necessary do’s and don’ts. The mitigative and recuperative treatment is again a specialty of Ayurveda which is known as Rasayana, in which various drugs and therapies having immunomodulatory effects are used.Ayurveda has also described about genetic predisposition for health as well as development of 3 a disease and has described various treatments so as to restrict the transfer of genetic linked diseases to next generation. This specialty of Ayurveda is known as ‘Vrishya’. Initially, clinical medicine of Ayurveda was developed into eight distinct specialties, i.e. Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine), Shalya Tantra (Surgery), Shalakya (Eye and ENT), Kaumar Bhritya (Pediatrics), Graha Chikitsa (Psychiatry), Agad Tantra (Toxicology), Rasayana (Gerontology) and Vajikarana (Science of virility), on the basis of which it is called ‘Ashtang Ayurveda’. During the last 60 years of its development after India became independent, Ayurveda has come up to provide 22 specialized courses of study at post-graduation level. These specialties are -- Ayurveda Sidhanta (Fundamental Principles of Ayurveda), Ayurveda Samhita (Classical Texts of Ayurveda), Rachna Sharira (Anatomy), Kriya Sharira (Physiology), Dravya Guna Vigyan (Materia medica and Pharmacology), Rasa-Shastra (Pharmaceuticals using minerals and metals), Bhaishajya Kalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Kaumar Bhritya or - Bala Roga (Pediatrics), Prasuti Tantra avum Stri Roga (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Swasth-Vritta (Social and Preventive Medicine), Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine), Rog Nidan avum Vikriti Vigyan (Diagnostics & Pathology), Shalya TantraSamanya (Surgery), Shalya Tantra – Kshar Karma avum Anushastra Karma (Para-surgical interventions & procedures), Shalakya Tantra - Netra Roga (Ophthalmology), Shalakya Tantra – Shiro-Nasa-Karna Avum Kantha Roga ( Treatment of diseases of Head and ENT), Shalakya Tantra – Danta Avum Mukha Roga (Dentistry), Manovigyana avum Manas Roga ( Psychology & Psychiatry), Panchakarma (Bio-purification), Agad Tantra avum Vidhi Vaidyaka (Toxicology and Medical Jurisprudence), Sangyaharana (Anesthesiology) and Chhaya avum Vikiran Vigyan (Radiology). Ayurveda holds the strength to treat diseases from holistic angle in accordance with the body-mind constitution and other physicopsychological attributes of the patients and as such is proven to be effective in the treatment of chronic, metabolic and life style diseases for which satisfactory solutions are not available in conventional allopathy medicine. Over the years, Kshar Sutra and Panchakarma therapies of Ayurveda have become very popular among the public. Panchakarma is a unique therapeutic procedure for the radical elimination of diseasecausing factors and to maintain the equilibrium of tridosha. The Panchakarma therapy minimizes the chances of recurrence of the diseases and promotes positive health by rejuvenating body tissues and bio-purification. Kshar Sutra is a parasurgical intervention using an alkaline thread for cauterization, which is scientifically validated to be effective in the treatment of fistula-in-ano and such surgical conditions requiring excision of overgrown soft tissue like polyps, warts, non-healing chronic ulcers, sinuses and papillae. The process of creating a vertical structure for regulation of AYUSH drugs in the Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO) is in progress. Ministry of AYUSH has notified creation of 12 posts of inspectors, Assistant Drugs Controllers and Deputy Drugs Controllers as concurred by the Department of Expenditure, RRs for these posts are being framed and additional charges given to the existing technical officers. (ii) Unani: Unani system of medicine is a comprehensive medical system, which provides preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative health care. The system is holistic in nature and takes into account the whole personality of an individual rather than taking a reductionist approach towards disease. The fundamentals, diagnosis and treatment modalities of the system are based on scientific principles. The basic framework of this system is based on the Hippocratic theory of four Humours, according to which any disturbance in the equilibrium of humours causes disease and therefore the treatment aims at restoring the humoral equilibrium. The system also believes that Medicatrix Naturae (Tabiat Mudabbira-i Badan) is the supreme power, which controls all the physiological functions of the body, provides resistance against diseases and helps in healing naturally. Temperament (Mizaj) of a patient is given great importance both in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It is also taken into consideration for identifying the most suitable diet and lifestyle for promoting the health of a particular individual. The remarkable holism of Unani system of medicine arises from giving primacy to the Temperament of man and drug, which unlike the molecular level, is simple and can be known as a whole. Its ease of practice arises from the fact that it uses only a few parameters i.e. the primary qualities (Kayfiyät) of Hot:Cold & Dry:Wet to describe the temperament of both man and drug. Its precision and reproducibility arises from the principle of clinical testing of the drugs 4 hypothesized by Temperament, before accepting them. This clinical testing also reveals effects which cannot be deduced from the temperament or basic qualities of the drug. Unani system of medicine described four mode of treatment viz., Ilaj-bil-Tadbir (Regimenal Therapy), Ilaj-bil-Ghidha (Dietotherapy), Ilaj-bilDawa (Pharmacotherapy) and Ilaj-bil-Yad (Surgery). The thrust areas of Unani medicine include; skin diseases, liver disorders, noncommunicable diseases including life style diseases, metabolic & geriatric diseases and menstrual / gynaecological disorders etc. The Unani system of medicine includes the Science of Maintaining Health (Hifzän-i Sihhat). It has the methods of understanding and maintaining health in a positive and individualized manner with different guidelines for different temperaments, genders, age groups, geographical regions, seasons, occupations etc. Some of the more commonly used guidelines are summarized as: Regimens for Seasons (Tadäbir-i Mavsam), Regimens for Agegroups (Tadäbir-i Asnän), Regimens for Pregnancy (Tadäbér-i Ùaml), Regimens for Travellers (Tadäbir-i Musäfir) etc. The section on maintenance of health is followed by methods for preventing disease. It should be noted that it describes not only Prevention of Disease (Taqaddum bi’l-Hifz) but Promotion or what it calls Maintenance of Health (Hifzän-i Sihhat) as a separate discipline, which should be used even before Prevention of Disease. This is because, being holistic, it possesses a positive concept and description of health. Though, understandably quite elaborate. In Unani System of Medicine, drugs obtained only from herbal, animal and mineral sources are used for medication. Sometimes, these drugs are used singly, and sometimes in the form of a compound of various drugs. They may be subjected to physico- chemical processing but without breaking up their natural character. Thus, Unani system of medicine uses only natural substances in treatment. Originating in Greece (Yunan), this system travelled to many countries before coming to India to find here its permanent home. During its journey wherever it passed, the system enriched its repository by imbibing which was best of the healthcare systems in vogue in those countries. The system after getting further developed in the Arab and Persian lands came to India around the 8th century and took deep roots in the Indian civilization. The Indian scholars and physicians have made significant contributions to the further advancement of this system. It forms integral part of the national health care delivery system and India is considered world leader with the largest infrastructure and network of educational research and healthcare institutions. There are 46 teaching institutions offering degree level education and training in Unani medicine; nine of them offering postgraduate courses in ten disciplines of Unani medicine. The National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, set up by Central Government, conducts postgraduate education in eight subjects with Ph.D. in Moalijat and research programmes. Recently the Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine has also been approved for initiating M.D. and Ph.D. programmes. The Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi – A Central University has accorded affiliation to the Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CRIUM), Hyderabad for conducting M.D. and Ph.D. in Moalijat (Medicine) and Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology). The Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Srinagar has also been affiliated by the University of Kashmir for conducting M.D. and Ph.D. in Moalijat (Medicine) and Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology). Process for starting these courses has been initiated. Establishment of All India Institute of Unani Medicine (AIIUM) at Ghaziabad is also underway with a view to develop it and international level tertiary health care centre in Unani medicine besides having education, training and research facilities. Research and development activities in Unani medicine are being undertaken under the aegis of Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM). The areas of research of include clinical research, drugs standardization research, survey and cultivation of medicinal plants and literary research. Besides research oriented extension health services and information, education and communication (IEC) activities are also part of the Council’s activities. These activities are being carried out through a network of 23 centres functioning under the Council in different parts of the country. During the past over three and half decades, the Council has achieved significant strides in its research programmes. As a result of dedicated research efforts, safe and effective Unani treatments have been developed for a number of common and chronic ailments. The Council has been awarded patent rights for eight drugs. Besides improving the quality standards of Unani drugs by developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for method of manufacture of Unani drugs followed by developing their pharmacopoeial standards, work on establishing the expiry of Unani drugs and modification in the dosage form of Unani drugs has also been 5 undertaken. Unani classical books that were mostly in Arabic & Persian were translated in to Urdu and other languages, to benefit the scholars, practitioners and students. A number of health based literature were published to create awareness among the masses. CCRUM is actively engaged in Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Swasthya Rakshan and NPCDCS programmes through its centres functioning in different part of the country. There are a number of Unani drugs manufacturing units in the Government and private sectors in the country. The Pharmacopoeia Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) is functioning since 1970 as an appellate laboratory for testing of traditional medicines including; Unani drugs and development of pharmacopoeia standards under the purview of Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine (PCIM). Propagation of Unani system of medicine in the country was boosted through IEC activities and international cooperation including; organization of seminars / workshops /conferences holding of Arogyas, health exhibitions, health camps in the country and abroad. With a view to globalization the Unani system in other countries efforts are on. These steps have led to setting up of a Unani Medicine Chair at the University of Western Cape, South Africa. (iii) Siddha: The Siddha System of medicine is one of the ancient systems of medicine in India having its close bedd with Dravidian culture. The term Siddha means achievements and Siddhars are those who have achieved perfection in medicine. Eighteen Siddhars are said to have contributed towards the systematic development of this system and recorded their experiences in Tamil language. The Siddha system of Medicine emphasizes on the patient, environment, age, sex, race, habits, mental frame work, habitat, diet, appetite, physical condition, physiological constitution of the diseases for its treatment which is individualistic in nature Diagnosis of diseases are done through examination of pulse, urine, eyes, study of voice, colour of body, tongue and status of the digestion of individual patients. System has unique treasure for the conversion of metals and minerals as drugs and many infective diseases are treated with the medicines containing specially processed mercury, silver, arsenic, lead and sulphur without any side effects. The strength of the Siddha system lies in providing very effective therapy in the case of Psoriasis, Rheumatic disorders, Chronic liver disorders, Benign prostate hypertrophy, bleeding piles, peptic ulcer including various kinds of Dermatological disorders of non psoriatic nature. During the last six decades, there has been continuous development in Siddha medical education and this has led to the establishment of the National Institute of Siddha at Chennai as apex Institute having six specialties in post-graduate teaching leading to the award of M.D(S) Degree. These are Maruthuvam (General Medicine), Sirappu Maruthuvam (Special Medicine), Kuzhanthai Maruthuvam (Paediatrics), Gunapadam (Pharmacology), Noi Nadal (Pathology) and Nanju Nool & Maruthuva Neethinool (Toxicology). For development of focused research in Siddha System of medicine Govt. has constituted Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), an autonomous body by bifurcating Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS). (iv) Yoga: The word "Yoga" comes from the Sanskrit word "yuj" which means "to unite or integrate." Yoga is about the union of a person's own consciousness and the universal consciousness. It is primarily a way of life, first propounded by Maharshi Patanjali in systematic form Yogsutra. The discipline of Yoga consists of eight components namely, restraint (Yama), observance of austerity (Niyama), physical postures (Asana), breathing control (Pranayam), restraining of sense organs (Pratyahar), contemplation (Dharna), meditation (Dhyan) and Deep meditation (Samadhi). These steps in the practice of Yoga have the potential to elevate social and personal behavior and to promote physical health by better circulation of oxygenated blood in the body, restraining the sense organs and thereby inducing tranquility and serenity of mind and spirit. The practice of Yoga has also been found to be useful in the prevention of certain psychosomatic diseases and improves individual resistance and ability to endure stressful situations. Yoga is a promotive, preventive rehabilitative and curative intervention for overall enhancement of health status. A number of postures are described in Yoga literature to improve health, to prevent diseases and to cure illness. The physical postures are required to be chosen judiciously and have to be practiced in the correct way so that the benefits of prevention of disease, promotion of health and therapeutic use can be derived from them. Studies have revealed that Yogic practice improves intelligence and memory and help in 6 developing resistance to situations of stress and also help individuals to develop an integrated personality. Meditation can stabilize emotional changes and prevent abnormal functions of the vital organs of the body. Studies have shown that meditation not only regulates the functions of the sense organs but also strengthens the nervous system. Yoga today is no longer restricted to hermits, saints, sages but has gone to every home for the global health promotion. Yoga as a part of peoples’ lifestyle has aroused a world-wide awakening and acceptance. The United Nations General Assembly had declared June 21st as the International Yoga Day on December 11, 2014. Accordingly the first International Yoga Day Celebration was organized at Rajpath in New Delhi on June 21, 2015. Two Guinness World Records were achieved, viz: the Largest Yoga Lesson involving 35,985 participants and Maximum number of Nationalities (84) participated in a single yoga lesson. The Second International Day of Yoga celebrations were solemnized at the Capitol Complex in Chandigarh on the morning of 21st of June, 2016. (v) Naturopathy: Naturopathy is rooted in the healing wisdom of many cultures and times based on principal of natural healing. The principles and practices of Naturopathy are integrated in the life style, if the people observe living close to nature. Naturopathy is a cost effective drugless, non-invasive therapy involving the use of natural materials for health care and healthy living. It is based on the theories of vitality, boosting the selfhealing capacity of the body and the principles of healthy living. Naturopathy is a system of natural treatment and also a way of life widely practiced, globally accepted and recognized for health preservation and management of illnesses without medicines. Naturopathy advocates living in harmony with constructive principles of Nature on the physical, mental, social and spiritual planes. It has great promotive, preventive, curative as well as restorative potentials. Naturopathy promotes healing by stimulating the body’s inherent power to regain health with the help of five elements of nature – Earth, Water, Air, Fire and Ether. It is a call to “Return to Nature” and to resort to a simple way of living in harmony with the self, society and environment. Naturopathy advocates ‘Better Health without Medicines’. It is reported to be effective in chronic, allergic autoimmune and stress related disorders. The theory and practice of Naturopathy are based on a holistic view point with particular attention to simple eating and living habits, adoption of purificatory measures, use of hydrotherapy, cold packs, mud packs, baths, massages, fasting etc. (vi) Homoeopathy: "Homoeopathy" was introduced as a scientific system of drug therapeutics by a German Physician, Dr. Christian Frederick Samuel Hahnemann in 1805. While translating a medical treatise by Scottish physician and chemist, William Cullen, from English to German, in 1790, he came across a foot note under Cinchona that attributed its fever curing property to the astringent (decongestant) qualities of the drug. Being sceptical of Cullen's remarks concerning the effect of Cinchona for curing malaria, Hahnemann experimented its effect on himself by taking repeated doses of cinchona tincture and experienced fever, shivering and joint pains: symptoms similar to those of malarial fever. After series of experiments, Hahnemann concluded that a drug that could produce certain symptoms in healthy individuals could also cure similar disease symptoms, in accordance with some hidden, natural laws of similars as had been vaguely perceived by ancient physicians. This led to the coining of the word "homoeo-pathy" (which comes from the Greek: ὅμοιος hómoios, "-like" and πάθος páthos, "suffering"). Based on this, Hahnemann postulated the key principle of Homoeopathy, the Law of Similars, logically evolving it as an experimental science, according to the method of inductive reasoning after exact observation, correct interpretation, rational explanation and scientific construction. The Law of Similars It is also called the Law of Cure. This law demonstrates that the selected remedy is able to produce a range of symptoms in healthy persons similar to that observed in the patients. Based on his experiments, Hahnemann published this law in an article “Essay on New Principle for Ascertaining the Curative Powers of Drugs” in Huffland’s Journal in 1796. This law is the principle of Similia Similibus Curentur i.e. let likes be treated by likes. Law of Similars teaches that every homoeopathic remedy experimentally observed to have certain properties of producing a set of symptoms on healthy human beings and when these symptoms 7 matches with a natural disease, it act as therapeutic agent and help the body to correct the disorder. As per this concept, the symptoms produced by the substance during the drug proving are the signature of that drug. Therefore, in strict sense, this signature of the drug is the one and only one that qualify into the principle of Similia Similbus Curentur. This is the most important concept in Homoeopathy. In fact there cannot be any concept in homoeopathy without this key concept. This principle was known in western medicine even before Hahnemann. Hippocrates, the Father of western medicine, (460-377 BC) wrote about two possible principles of treating disease. One is Contraria Contrariis Curantur (Latin) which means opposites are cured by opposites. Accordingly, this principle teaches to treat diseases by using remedies that produce opposite effects. The other principle is the Similia Similibus Curentur (Latin), which means let similar things take care of similar things. Paracelsus (1493- 1541) and later others were also aware of these two principles, but seems to have preferred only the opposing method. Dr. Hahnemann, possibly picked up the similia maxim based on his experiments and developed a viable, independent and scientific system of Medicine. He lived his life for this mission. Disease can be cured by medicinal substances given in extremely small doses that produce similar symptoms in healthy people. In simple words, the medicine can cure when given in micro doses what it can cause in large doses. Some such examples of the law of similars are: a. While peeling onion, it makes your eyes watery and nose burning. If you are having an attack of hay fever with watering eyes and burning nose, the homoeopathic remedy prepared from onion called Allium cepa could relieve it. b. Poison ivy causes redness, intense itching, burning, blistering and sometimes stiff muscles. Potentised Poison ivy called as Rhus tox has been used for herpes, burns, eczema, allergy, arthritis, etc. c. When stung by a honeybee, there is burning, stinging pain and swelling. Some relief is gained from applying cold to the area. Swelling with burning and stinging pain relieved by cold, the remedy prepared on homoeopathic principle from the same source called Apis mellificia could cure such symptoms. d. Coffee keeps people awake and alert. A remedy prepared from coffee seeds called Coffea cruda, in very small doses might be appropriate for helping someone with insomnia with an overly alert mind. e. Quinine (derived from Cinchona bark) given in daily doses to a healthy person can cause symptoms similar to malaria fever. Indeed, the Cinchona Officinalis, a homoeopathy medicine prepared from cinchona bark, is curative in many patients with similar symptoms. g. Belladonna, a homoeopathy medicine, used to treat scarlet fever, since the symptoms of belladonna poisoning closely resemble those of scarlet fever. Drug Proving - Drug Proving is the systematic process of acquiring knowledge of the substances intended for the cure of the natural diseases. In other wards it is the process of investigating the pathogenetic power of drug by administering the same in to the healthy individuals of different age and both the sex. Therefore, it is also known as Human Pathogenetic Trial (HPT). Drugs cure natural diseases by virtue of their capacity to induce changes, which are similar to those, brought about by disease. Hahnemann set about collecting data pertaining to disease and the drugs. He then had to determine the criteria for establishing similarity between the two. After this was done, he had to administer the drug and to observe accurately the result so produced. Organon of Medicine gives us the details of the great therapeutic experiment in a highly systematized manner stretching over fifty years. As per homeopathy, to apply drugs for therapeutic use, their curative powers should be known. The proving of the drug is the experiment conducted to know these powers and is unique to homoeopathy as they are proved on healthy human beings first, before being applied to the patients. The symptoms thus known are the true record of the curative properties of a drug or the pathogenesis of a drug. Such symptoms are recorded and called as Homoeopathic Materia Medica. Single Remedy - This tenet of classical homeopathy states that only one homeopathic medicine should be prescribed at a time and directs to choose and administer such a single remedy, which is most similar to the symptoms of the sick person. In homeopathy, the drug proving to ascertaining the curative property of a drug is done with a single remedy derived from a single source – primarily plant, mineral or chemical. They are the essence of homeopathy and therefore engage all the principles and concepts that make homeopathy a comprehensive system of medicine This was a trend setter at that time when the usual prescriptions contained as many as 26 drugs at a time. Observing this rule helps to avoid confusing and potentially complex remedy interactions. 8 Minimum Dose - The similar remedy selected for a sick person should be prescribed in minimum dose, so that when administered, there is no toxic effect on the body. It just acts as a triggering or catalytic agent to stimulate and strengthen the existing defense mechanism of the body. It does not need to be repeated frequently. The method of drug dynamisation or potentisation achieved, not only the reduction of drug quantity in each dose of homoeopathic medicine, but also the dynamic power gets increased progressively. This aspect of homoeopathy and the method discovered by Hahnemann 200 years before is to be only evaluated by new researches and studies which are now underway in nanoscience. Drug dynamisation or Potentisation - Drugs are prepared in such a way that they retain maximum medicinal powers without producing any toxic action on the body. It was found experimentally by Dr. Hahnemann that when diluted drugs are powerfully succussed (a specified process in homoeopathy), they develop lasting medicinal powers. This process is continued under predetermined scales and the drugs are marked as 6C, 30C, 200C, 1000C etc., and LM potencies or strength. The method of preparing the drugs by the Master achieved two ideals; (1) - The toxicity of drug used in crude dosage have progressively reduced and (2) - increase the hidden (dynamic) medicinal properties of the drug. In other words, the drugs get dynamised or potentised progressively and evoke its curative properties. Concept of Vital Force - Dr. Hahnemann discovered that the human body is endowed with a force that reacts against the inimical forces, which produce disease. It becomes deranged during illness. Such reactions of the deranged vital force are the cause for the externally expressed signs and symptoms. Dr. Hahnemann has described the concept of vital force in aphorisms 9 to 17 in the Organon of Medicine. Literally speaking “vital” means essential and “force” means energy/ power, thus vital force means “essential energy” or “energy that is essential for life”. The theory of Vital force in homeopathy is a unique philosophy which accepts the existence of a spirit like energy that drives the living organism both in health and disease. This concept has nothing to do with any religious beliefs, but postulates that life is not the mere collection of blood, bone and muscles or a living cell is not just some cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, DNA and RNA. Homeopathy believes that there is an existence of an essential force in every living organism which maintains harmony of the functions and also differentiates the living from the dead. The vital force determines the state of health in that living organism, at mental, physical and spiritual levels. Based on similarity between the signs and symptoms of disease and that observed of the drugs during drug proving, homeopathic medicine selected and administered, stimulates this failing vital force so that, as Hahnemann said, "it can again take the reins and conduct the system on way to health". Signs and symptoms reveal not only the disturbance within an organism which is usually called the “dis-ease” but also curative remedy, which will set right the problem. In homoeopathy, there is a critical disapproval of all practices aimed at suppression of the manifestation of the disease such as a discharging skin eruption, long-continued diarrhea or nasobronchial excretions as they are often dangerous. Earliest beginning of diseases, much before structural changes in the cells (a diagnosis), could be understood from the symptoms. Homoeopathic treatment carefully adopted from the time of conception, pregnancy and early formative years of the child claims to free the child of the bad effects of hereditary influences and prevents various types of constitutional disorders in later life. Chronic diseases - Hahnemann observed that in spite of best of treatment through the Law of Similia, certain diseases either did not responds well or recurred after a short interval. After detailed examination of such cases and conducting systematic studies, Hahnemann postulated that in such cases there remained certain fundamental cause which prevent recovery or cure. By "chronic disease" Hahnemann did not mean exactly the same thing as is now generally understood by the phrase - a disease that lasts a long time and is incurable. He called chronic diseases to those diseases which are caused by infection from a chronic miasm. Based on his experiments, Dr Hahnemann published the book titled “The Chronic Diseases: Their Peculiar Nature and Their Homoeopathic Cure”. A masterly work that compiles the original literature as given by the founder of the healing art. It covers the chronic diseases with their peculiar nature and their homeopathic cure. Detailed work of the basic concepts of miasms is given together with 48 antipsoric remedies with their original provings. Concept of Miasm - Psora, Syphilis and Sycosis are the three fundamental causes of all chronic diseases that afflict the human race as discovered by Dr. Hahnemann. He called them miasm. This 9 word is derived from Greek word miainein meaning ‘to pollute’. Syphilis and Sycosis are the venereal and contagious chronic diseases, whereas Psora is a non-venereal chronic disease. Psora is present from the beginning to the end of life and is the root cause of most of the diseases. Holistic as well as Individualistic approach in medicine practiced in Homoeopathy - Successful application of the law of similar depends entirely on concepts of individualization and susceptible constitutions. This forms the corner stone of homoeopathy. The concept of individualization demands the understanding of the total response of the living organism to the unfavourable environment. This total response is understood through the signs and symptoms, emotional, intellectual (spiritual) and physical planes where the vital force manifests itself. This is a unique concept of “disease” in homoeopathy. Even though it may sound strange, homoeopathy does not treat disease per se. A homoeopath does not concentrate his therapy on, say arthritis or bronchitis or cancer. In other words, he does not limit his treatment to the painful joints, inflamed bronchi or a malignant growth. Rather, he treats all aspects, mental, emotional and physical of the person who is afflicted with arthritis, bronchitis, cancer etc. Homoeopathy regards each patient as a unique individual; e.g. different person with hepatitis might get a different homoeopathic remedy, each one aimed at the individual’s totality of symptoms rather than at his liver alone. The physicians’ interest is not only to alleviate the patients’ present symptoms but also his long-term well being. The difference between the ways two individuals react to a similar cause of disease is an indication of the unique way in which each of them reacts. This uniqueness of the symptoms and reactions brings in the difference in the remedy prescribed to each one of them. Homoeopathic medicines are prescribed on the basis of Individualization, which is tailoring the remedy according to the individual’s needs. It means every individual is different from others in some way; be it his stature, talking, choices, behavior, or his susceptibility to diseases. Homoeopathic medicines are always prescribed for the complete package i.e., the individual, so naturally the medicine will differ for different persons. The concept of susceptible constitutions is very much a part of the theory of chronic diseases. Hereditary influences and predisposition point to the primary causes of all the diseases, especially the chronic type.Homoeopathic treatment gives us scope of modifying the adverse hereditary influences and predisposition to disease, aiming at better adaptation of the patient to his environment, including his mental process. Thus, homoeopathy is a practice of “constitutional medicine” of a higher order.It has great scope in the field of psychiatry and psychosomatic diseases. (vii) Sowa-Rig-pa (Amchi Medicine): “Sowa-Rig-pa”, commonly known as Amchi medicine, is the traditional medicine of many parts of the Himalayan region used mainly by the Tribal and bhot people. Sowa-Rig-pa (BodhKyi) means ‘science of healing’ and the practitioners of this medicine are known as Amchi. Sowa-Rigpa is originated out of Ayurveda and is based mainly on the Áshtanga Hridaya’ treaty which one of the three main Compendia of Ayurveda, was translated in to Tibetan language in 4th century. In India, this system of medicine has been popularly practiced in Ladakh and Paddar-Pangay regions of Jammu and Kashmir, Lahul-spiti, Pangi, Dhramshala and Kinnar region of Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Darjeeling-Kalingpong (West Bengal).Sowa-Rig-pa is a science, art and philosophy that provide a holistic approach to health care on the basis of harmony and understanding of human being and universe i.e. the environment. It uses diagnostic techniques for examples pulse and urine examination (eight fold examination) and it embraces the key Buddhist principles of altruism, karma and ethics. According to the Amchi system, proper alignment of the three Dosha, seven body Tissue (seven Dhatus) and three excretory products (Malas) in the state of equilibrium constitutes a healthy body. Any disequilibrium in any of these energies leads to disease or ill-health. Amachi medical theory states that everything in the universe is made up of the five basic elements, namely, sa (Earth), chu (Water), me (Fire), rLung (Wind), Nam-mkha (Space). Amchi system is based on the following three Principle Energies – (1) rLung (wind) manifests the nature of Air element. It is characterized as rough, light, cold, subtle, hard and mobile. It is responsible for the physical and mental activities, respiration, expulsion of urine, faces, foetus, menstruation, spitting, burping, speech, gives clarity to sense organs, sustains life by means of acting as a medium between mind and body. This is similar to Vata-dosha of Ayurveda. (2) mKhris-pa (Bile) basically has the nature of fire. It is characterized as oily, sharp, hot, light, fetid, purgative and fluidity. mKhris-pa is responsible for 10 hunger, thirst, digestion and assimilation, maintains body heat, gives lustre to body complexion and provides courage and determination. This is similar to Pitt-dosha of Ayurveda. (3) Bad-kan (Phlegm) is cold in nature and is characterized as oily, cool, heavy, blunt, smooth, firm and sticky. Bad-kan is responsible for firmness of the body, stability of mind, induces sleep, connects joints, generates tolerance and lubricates the body. This is similar to Kapha-dosha of Ayurveda. The diagnostic techniques in Sowa-Rigpa include visual observation, touch and interrogation. For treatment of health problems, the system makes use of herbs, minerals, animal products, spring and mineral water, moxibustion mysticism and spiritual power. The medicines are used usually in the form of decoctions, powders, pills and syrups etc. Mantra and tantra components are also very important of Sowa-rig-pa. B. MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES OF MINISTRY OF AYUSH: The Mission, Vision and objectives of the Ministry of AYUSH are given below: (i) Mission and Vision: The vision statement of Ministry of AYUSH is “to position AYUSH systems as the preferred systems of living and practice for attaining a healthy India.” The mission statement of Ministry of AYUSH is as follows: To mainstream AYUSH at all levels in the Health Care System. To improve access to and quality of Public Health delivery through AYUSH System To focus on Promotion of health and prevention of diseases by propagating AYUSH practices. Proper enforcement of provisions of Drugs & Cosmetic Act 1940 and Rules framed thereunder relating to the ASU drugs throughout the country. (ii) Objectives: The Ministry of AYUSH has the following objectives:- Delivery of AYUSH Services Human Resource Development in AYUSH Promotion and Propagation of AYUSH Systems Research in AYUSH Conservation and cultivation of medicinal plants Effective AYUSH Drug Administration C. NATIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS BOARD (NMPB): The resource base of AYUSH medicines is largely plants. Increasing global interest in natural remedies has increased the demand for medicinal plants which are mainly sourced from the wild areas. This has led to the emergence of a number of issues like sustainability, conservation, cultivation, quality assurance, protection of Traditional Knowledge, issues related to access and benefit sharing etc. To coordinate all these matters relating to medicinal plants, Government of India has established the National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) under Ministry of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. NMPB is the apex national body which coordinates all matters relating to medicinal plants in the country. The Board was established in November 2000 and acts as advisory body to the concerned Ministries, Departments and Agencies in strategic planning for medicinal plants related initiatives and to take measures to provide financial support to programmes relating to conservation, cultivation and the all-round development of the medicinal plants sector. The Union Minister of Health & Family Welfare is the Chairperson and the Union Minister of State for Health & Family Welfare is the Vice-Chairperson of the Board. Functions of the NMPB I. Assessment of demand/supply of medicinal plants both within the country & abroad. II. Advise concerned Ministries/ Departments/ Organisation / State/ UT Governments on policy matters relating to schemes and programmes for development of medicinal plants. III. Provide guidance in the formulation of proposals, schemes and programmes etc., to be taken-up by agencies having access to land for cultivation and infrastructure for collection, storage and transportation of medicinal plants. IV. Identification, inventory and quantification of medicinal plants. 11 V. Promotion of ex-situ/in-situ cultivation and conservation of medicinal plants. VI. Promotion of co-operative efforts among collectors and growers and assisting them to store, transport and market their produce effectively. VII. Setting up of data-base system for inventory, dissemination of information and facilitating prevention of patents on medicinal use of plants, information on which is already in the public domain. VIII. Matters relating to import/export of raw material, as well as value added products either as medicine, food supplements or as herbal cosmetics including adoption of better techniques for marketing of produce to increase their reputation for quality and reliability within the country and abroad. IX. Undertaking and awarding of studies leading to scientific, technological research and promoting cost-effective practices for the development of medicinal plants. X. Development of protocols for cultivation and quality control. XI. Encouraging protection of Patent Rights and IPR. Schemes of NMPB  Currently, NMPB is implementing the Scheme viz., Central Sector Scheme for Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants. (a) Central Sector Scheme for Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants: This scheme was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs in its meeting on 26th June, 2008 with a total outlay of ₹321.30 crores during the 11th Plan. The revised scheme was approved by Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC) for the 12th Plan with an outlay of ₹450.00 crores. Objectives of the Scheme  To promote in-situ / ex-situ conservation of medicinal plants which are critical components of the AYUSH and Folk systems of medicine by supporting such programmes in forest/ public/ non-public/ institutional lands.  To promote R&D for domestication of wild medicinal plants, development of agrotechniques and post-harvest management storage and processing.  To promote quality assurance and standardization through development of Good Agriculture Practices (GAP), Good Collection Practices (GCP), and Good Storage Practices (GSP) and through development of monographs on medicinal plants.  To develop, implement and support certification mechanism for quality standards, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP), Good Collection Practices (GCP), and Good Storage Practices (GSP).  To promote sustainable harvesting protocols of medicinal plants from forest areas and certification thereof.  To support survey, inventory and documentation of endangered medicinal plants through periodic surveys and inventory.  Creating Gene banks/ Seed orchards to create an authentic source of seed and germ plasm for future.  Promote capacity building and human resource development at all levels.  Adopt a coordinated approach and promotion of partnership, convergence and synergy among R&D; processing and marketing in public as well as private sector at national, regional, state and sub state levels.  To provide information, Education and Communication through organization of seminars, trainings and exposure visits within the country and abroad.  Function as clearinghouse of information on medicinal plants including their occurrence, usage, ethno-botanical uses, cultivation practices and post-harvest practices, markets etc. and dissemination thereof though print and electronic media, printing of brochures, posters and other publicity material. Important Achievements under the Central Sector Scheme for Conservation, Development and 12 Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants during 2015-16:  Re-afforestation/Conservation of Medicinal Plants in 7901.13 hectares in Forest Areas: – 5901.13 hectares under Resource Augmentation – 2000 hectares under establishment of 10 Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCAs)  Set up a network of ex-situ conservation through establishing:  No. JFMCs / BMC / VFMC / Van Panchayats supported – 183  Supported projects for setting up of Herbal Gardens, School Herbal Gardens and Home Herbal Gardens.  Supported Research Studies on: – Bioactivity guided fractionation studies of bio-active molecules – Sustainable harvesting and Inter-cropping – Chemical and Molecular Profiling – Production of Quality Planting Material, Germplasm and Genotype Identification and Conservation through Micro propogation – Agronomics & Market dynamics – Insect / pest management through biocontrol and Quality assessment and evaluation of pesticides and heavy metals – Authentication, multiplication and substitution of Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET) plants – Pharmacological investigation – Value added products – Animal Health – Geospatial approach and mapping – Validation of ayurvedic drug qualities through modern methods eg. E-tongue, Enose etc.  Published Volume-III of Agro-Techniques for 22 selected medicinal plants.  Published pamphlets of 32 species of medicinal plants. OTHER IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES (i) Strengthening of State Medicinal Plants Boards (SMPBs): Financial assistance is being provided to State Medicinal Plants Boards for their day-to-day activities including the monitoring of sanctioned projects. At present 36 State Medicinal Plants Boards (Annexure – I) are working in different states to implement the schemes of NMPB. (ii) Involvement of third party Monitoring and Evaluation of project sanctioned by NMPB: NMPB has initiated 100% monitoring of all projects under the Central Sector Scheme for Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants (except Research & Development (R&D)) through third party. M/s. Agricultural Finance Corporation, New Delhi, M/s. National Productivity Council, New Delhi and M/s. Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Limited, New Delhi are the identified agencies for the three different groups of states and are in the process of carrying out the Monitoring and Evaluation work. This will help to understand the utilization of fund for the purpose it was given to the grantee. iii) Setting up Facilitation Centres (FCs) for Extension and Support Services on medicinal plants: Since SMPBs in states / UTs are not adequately equipped with staff and infrastructure support, NMPB has set up Facilitation Centres (FC) in State Agriculture Universities and R&D Institutions. These centres act as one stop shops for growers and other stake holders and would work in close coordination with SMPBs. Initially, 23 Facilitation Centres were sanctioned out of which 16 remained functional, many of which has already been completed and closed. At present out of 9 FCs sanctioned earlier, only 5 FCs are active and continuing. (iv)Good Agriculture Practices and Good Field Collection Practices and Certification The quality of AYUSH products is critically dependent upon the quality of raw material used for their manufacture. The quality of raw material used, is generally assessed with reference to the adoption of Good Agricultural & Collection Practices. The NMPB has already evolved 13 guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACPs) based on WHO guidelines. The National Medicinal Plants Board has developed the Certification Standards and Procedures and Scheme of Certification through Quality Council of India (QCI). Under the Scheme, any producer / collector / group of producers or collectors can obtain a certification from a designated Certification Body (CB) and will be under regular surveillance of the certification body. The certification process in general would cover following steps viz. Registration of Application, Evaluation(s) at the site, Testing of sample(s), Grant of Certificate, Periodic Surveillance Evaluation, Market sampling and Renewal of certificate. The Voluntary Certification in the field of Medicinal Plants Sector would go a long way in improving the quality of raw material to Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani (ASU) industry and other sister industries. (v) Research & Publications: Work on publication of books on AgroTechnology was carried out by NMPB and around 104 species of important medicinal plants was published in three volumes. Also, five research papers were published. (vi) Fund Release: The special campaign for U. C. liquidation has enabled to release of an amount of Rs.57.24 crore during 2015-16 under the Central Sector Scheme for Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants of NMPB. (vii) Livelihood Support initiatives: As an important strategic livelihood initiative during the year 2015-16, NMPB has been able to bring greater focus on income augmentation of grass-root communities through value addition / marketing of Medicinal Plants. 183 JFMCs / VFMCs / BMCs / EDCs were supported. viii) Marketing Initiatives: 1. DEMAND AND SUPPLY POSITION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS For assessment of Demand and Supply position of medicinal plants in India as well as international market, NMPB had commissioned a study to Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun. Major findings of the study (alongwith graphic representations) are:  Total Commercial Demand of Herbal Raw Drugs in the country for the year 2014-15 has been estimated at 5,12,000 MT.  Estimated Exports of Herbal Raw Drugs, including Extracts has been estimated 1,34,500 MT in 2014-15 (Value - Rs. 3211 crore).  Estimated Consumption by Domestic Herbal Industry has been estimated 1,95,000 MT 2014-15 (Value - Rs. 1950 crore).  An Estimated 1,67,500 MT of Herbal Raw Drugs are also Used by Rural Households every year (Value - Rs. 418.75 crore).  Trade Value of Herbal Raw Drugs in Commercial Demand for the year 2014-15 has been estimated at Rs. 5,500 crore which is 5-times increase over the total Trade Value of Rs. 1069 crore estimated for the year 2005- 06.  About 1178 medicinal plant species recorded in the practices of trade.  242 plant species recorded in high annual trade. 2. VIRTUAL MARKET PLACE FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS In the collaboration with CDACHyderabad, NMPB has launched an online virtual platform ‘e.Charak’ and a mobile application ‘e-charak’ which could be downloaded through google play store in any android mobile phone. In this application and online platform, sellers like farmers and collectors could submit the produce or planning material cultivated or collected by them and buyers like traders, manufactures, exporters could submit their requirements. This application and online platform would work to create a trade linkages between buyers and sellers. 3. COLLECTION OF MANDI PRICE OF HIGH DEMANDED MEDICINAL PLANTS In collaboration with Federation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Stakeholders (EFDMAPS), New Delhi, NMPB is sourcing the monthly Mandi price of high demanded medicinal plants from 10 major herbal mandies of India viz. 14 Amritsar, Bengaluru, Chennai, Dehradun, Delhi, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai and NeemuchMadhya Pradesh. These monthly prices are published in website of NMPB for all the stakeholders. 4. ONLINE SUBMISSION OF SCHEDULE TA FORM NMPB is launching an online platform for submission of schedule TA form for all the Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani (ASU) manufactures. This initiative shall be facilitated the hassle free submission of the information regarding the raw material consumed by all the ASU manufactures in the form of Schedule TA. 5. PROMOTION OF FARMER PRODUCER COMPANY / ORGANIZATION With the help of Synergy Technofin Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, NMPB is in the process of formation and promotion of Farmer Producer Company (FPC) for six medicinal plant crops in two district of Madhya Pradesh. This FPC shall be consolidated the fragmented farmers in one platform. It shall also enhance the bargaining power of farmers and also industry shall be benefited to procure quality raw material from one source. 6. SELLING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN AGRICULTURE PRODUCE MARKETING COMMITTEES (APMCS) MARKETS To channelize the unorganised market of medicinal plants, NMPB has organised a brainstorming session with state agriculture marketing boards to initiate the selling of medicinal plant produce of farmers through selected APMCs. ix) Regional Centres: NMPB intends to set-up six regional centres in different regions of the country viz. East, West, North, South, Central and North-east covering all respective states and UTs of India. The Expression of Interest (EOI) for the same has been already notified and the process for identifying the institutions is underway. x) Raw Drug Repositories: Workshop-cum-meeting on Raw Drug Repositories (RDR) was held on 24th February 2016 at AYUSH Bhawan, New Delhi and the Guidelines for establishment of National and Regional Level Raw Drug Repositories has been drafted. xi) Conference on Agrotechnology: NMPB has supported three national level Seminar/ Workshop/ Conference for a total sanctioned amount of Rs. 15.00 lacs during the financial year 2015-16. 1. A national level seminar namely “National Seminar on “Dissemination of Agrotechnology of important Medicinal Plants Developed through NMPB Issues and Challenges”” was organized at Ch. Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan, Najafgarh, Delhi on 28-29th February, 2016 including a Buyer-Seller Meet. About 150 farmers from different states of the Country (Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Delhi etc.) participated in the seminar as delegates. About 25 Scientists from various renowned organizations delivered their speech and shared their experiences during the Seminar. About 30 stake holders and pharma industries also participated in the Seminar to have faceto-face interaction on the existing problems and prospects concerning for the development of Medicinal Plants cultivation. 2. A National level Conference namely “National Conference on Agrotechnology, Commerce and Sustainable use of Medicinal Plants” was organized at NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi on February 6-7, 2016. Five lead papers of 20 minutes each and 2-4 oral presentations of 10 minutes each. There were two Poster Sessions, one in each day. In all 23 lead papers and 22 oral presentations were delivered to disseminate the techniques involved in growing specific plant species. 3. A National level Workshop namely “National Workshop on Agrotechnology and profitenhancing marketing strategy for Medicinal Plants” was organized at Doon University, Dehradun on 2-3rd June, 2016. The Workshop focussed on 15 medicinal plants which are more commonly grown in the Himalayan region and are of commercial importance. A two-day National Workshop on agrotechnology, trade and industry dealing with medicinal plants of the Himalayan region. The farmers from Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim were actively participated in the Workshop. The scientists’ alongwith various stakeholders were present in the Workshop to share their experiences. It 15 was very informative, exciting and leaving experience of the farmers and a great deal of problems faced by farmers were brought to the fore to have expert advice for required solution. xii) 365 days campaign on Medicinal Plants: As desired by PM Office, a 365 days campaign on Medicinal Plants “to spread awareness” has been launched by NMPB at Jaipur on 20th and 21st August 2016. CEOs and representatives of 21 State Medicinal Plants Board (SMPB) and 450 farmers from all over India participated in the launch of 365 days campaign. During the event, e-charak website was also launched besides logo of 365 days campaign on medicinal plants, brochures of prioritized medicinal plants, booklets of NMPB etc. Two farmers from each participating states were also honoured based on their contribution in the field of medicinal plants. The objectives of 365 days Campaign are indicated below:  To generate awareness about the importance of medicinal plants in masses.  Plantation of medicinal plants in community, government and private land and  Involvement of State Government, local people, NGO, Students, Civil Society, other stakeholders of medicinal plants and people’s representatives in the activities relating to medicinal plants. Growth Trends of Herbal Raw Drugs from 2005-06 to 2014-15 Growth Trends in Value Growth Trends in Demand Figures in crore Gross Volume of Foreign Trade of Estimated consumption by Domestic Herbal Industry has grown from 1,77,000 MT in 2004-05 to 1,95,000 MT in 2014-15. Export volumes has grown by 11% per annum from 56,015 MT to 1,34,437 MT over the same period Estimated trade value by Domestic Herbal Industry has grown from Rs. 627.9 crore in 2004-05 to Rs. 1950 crore in 2014-15 Export value has increased by 22% per annum from Rs. 579 crore to Rs. 3211 crore over the same period Gross Volume of Foreign Trade of Botanical Raw Drugs EXPORT The trade volume of EXPORT of Botanical Raw Drugs has increased from about 56,015 MT in 2005-06 to 134,437 MT in 2014-15 registering an average annual increase of about 11 %. IMPORT The trade volume of IMPORT of Botanical Raw Drugs has increased from about 36,143 MT in 2005-06 to 64,545 MT in 2014-15 registering an average annual increase of about 7 %. 16 The Demand of Herbal Raw Drugs has grown by about 5% per year over the Last Decade The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of AYUSH has been set up vide resolution dated 24th November 2000 for coordination of all matters relating to all matters of medicinal plants and its implementation. The programmes of cultivation and development of Medicinal plants are being implemented in States/UTs since 2008-09 under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of “National Mission on Medicinal Plants”. The same programme has been merged as Medicinal Plants Component with the flagship programme of National AYUSH Mission (NAM) launched by Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India during 2014-15. NMPB is implementing the Medicinal Plants Component under NAM from 2015-16 to promote cultivation of medicinal plants through farmers / cultivators along with backward linkage of establishment of nursery and forward linkages of Post-Harvest Management like establishment of collection centre, drying sheds, storage godown, primary processing and marketing etc. The Central Government contribution in the scheme is 90:10 between Centre and State for North East and hill states and 60:40 for remaining. NMPB is providing financial assistance for establishment of all those components for 140 prioritised species of Medicinal Plants. The assistance for cultivation of medicinal plants are given @30%, 50% and 75% as per their demand and conservation status. D. RESEARCH COUNCILS: The Central Council for Research in Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy (CCRIMH) was established in 1969 to carry out research in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Yoga and Homoeopathy under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Later, in 1978, this composite Council was dissolved to pave the way for the formation of four independent Research Councils, one each for Ayurveda and Siddha, Unani, Homoeopathy and Yoga and Naturopathy. The four successor Research Councils were established as autonomous organizations registered under Societies Act, to initiate, guide, develop and coordinate scientific research, both fundamental and applied, in different aspects of their respective systems. The Research Councils, which are fully financed by the Government of India, are the apex bodies for scientific research in the concerned systems of medicine. The research activities of the Research Councils are monitored and reviewed periodically in order to ensure that the research is focused and that it is undertaken in a time bound manner. The outputs of the research studies are disseminated among educationists, researchers, physicians, manufacturers and the common man. (ii) Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Sciences (CCRAS): The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic sciences (CCRAS), an autonomous body under Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India is apex body in India for undertaking, coordinating, formulating, developing and promoting research on scientific lines in Ayurvedic sciences. The activities are carried out through its 30 Institutes/Centres/Units located all over India and also through Quantity (MT) Estimated Demand has grown from 3,19,500 MT in 2004-05 to 5,11,910 MT in 2014-15. Figures in metric tons Year 17 collaborative studies with various Universities, Hospitals and Institutes. The research activities of the Council include Medicinal Plant Research (Medico-ethno Botanical Survey, Pharmacognosy and Tissue Culture), Drug Standardization, Pharmacological Research, Clinical Research, and Literary Research & Documentation. The extension activities include Tribal Health Care Research Programme (THCRP); National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS); Health Care Services extended through Swasthya Rakshan Programme linked with Swachha Bharat and Ayurveda Mobile Health Care Programme under Scheduled Castes Sub Plan (SCSP). The Council is also engaged in Information, Education and communication (IEC) activities through publication and distribution of Literatures & participation in Health Mela/Exhibitions in India and abroad. The main objectives comprise: 1. The formulation of aims and patterns of research on scientific lines in Ayurvedic sciences. 2. To undertake any research or other programmes in Ayurvedic sciences. 3. The prosecution of and assistance in research, the propagation of knowledge and experimental measures generally in connection with the causation, mode of spread and prevention of diseases. 4. To initiate, aid, develop and co-ordinate scientific research in different aspects, fundamental and applied of Ayurvedic sciences and to promote and assist institutions of research for the study of diseases, their prevention, causation and remedy. 5. To finance enquiries and researches for the furtherance of objects of the Central Council. 6. To exchange information with other institutions, associations and societies interested in the objects similar to those of the Central Council and specially in observation and study of diseases in East and in India in particular. 7. To prepare, print, publish and exhibit any papers, posters, pamphlets, periodicals and books for furtherance of the objects of the Central Council and contribute to such literature. 8. To undertake R & D Consultancy projects and transfer of patents on drugs and process to industry. 9. To undertake R & D projects sponsored by industries in public/private sector. http://10.To undertake international and interagency collaboration. For Further details, visit CCRAS Website: http://www.ccras.nic.in (ii) Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS): Siddha System of Medicine is an ancient system of Medicine for prevention and cure of diseases and healthy living of human beings. Siddha system of Medicine is based on mukkutram namely Vali (Vatham), Azhal (Pitham) and Iyam (Kabam). The Siddha system of Medicine emphasizes on the patient, environment, age, sex, race, habits, mental frame work, habitat, diet, appetite, physical condition, physiological constitution of the diseases for its treatment which is individualistic in nature. Diagnosis of diseases are done through examination of tongue, colour, study of voice, eyes, touch, motion, urine, pulse of body and status of the digestion of individual patients. The strength of the Siddha system lies in providing very effective therapy in the case of Psoriasis, Neuromuscular and Neuro skeletal disorders, Joint disorders, Chronic liver disorders , Benign prostate hypertrophy, bleeding piles, peptic ulcer and various kinds of Dermatological disorders. Other areas of strength are Varmam, Thokkanam and Kayakalpam procedures. Varmam (Pressure manipulation therapy) is special kind of treatment in Siddha System and specific points being manipulated by pressure with the figure and the pain is relieved and the restricted movement becomes free and active. Thokkanam is another type of treatment which includes applying Oil on the area of swelling and pain and doing massage so that the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal pain and swelling is relieved. Kayakalpam is a special medicine for longevity to keep one always young and energetic by taking simple Herbs like Ginger with honey. Website:is an apex body for the formulation, Co-ordination and scientific validation of Siddha System of Medicine and was established as a separate Research Council w.e.f. September 2010. The research activities of CCRS are carried out through 6 peripheral Institutes / Units in the State of Tamilnadu, Kerala, New Delhi and the U.T. of Puducherry. These units include 1 Central Research Institute at Chennai, 2 Regional Research Institutes at Puducherry and Thiruvananthapuram, 2 Clinical Research Unit at Palayamkottai and Karolbagh, 1 Medicinal Plants Garden at Mettur. This is inclusive of 2 attached 18 hospitals at Chennai and Puducherry; 2 attached dispensaries at Palayamkottai, Thiruvananthapuram and Karolbagh. The council concentrates on finding effective and low cost remedies for various disease conditions through systematic research. The research activities of the council include clinical research, fundamental research, drug research and literary research. For the year 2015-16, In Clinical research, 3 projects under IMR were approved and the fund was sanctioned to respective institutes. Out of 3, 2 projects are multicentric. IEC approval was obtained from 3 institutes and from 1 institute it is yet to be obtained. The recruitment of project staff and purchase of equipments are in progress. In drug standardization, Pharmacognostical studies on 20 single drugs and 2 compound formulations have been completed. Standardization of 20 single drugs and 10 compound formulations has been completed. In Medicinal Plants cultivation, 4 Survey tours have been completed. 3 folklore claims have been documented. A project under IMR scheme “Digitization and compilation of herbarium and folklore claims of survey of medicinal plants unit-Siddha at Palayamkottai” has been approved and fund was sanctioned. Recruitment of project staff is under progress. Execution of NMPB project is in progress. In Literary Research and Documentation, 1 Project under IMR has been approved and fund was sanctioned. Recruitment of project staff is under progress. Theraiyar karisal 300 and Agathiyar vaidya Vallathi 600 have been digitized. 10 Articles have been uploaded in AYUSH research portal. In Siddha Pharmacopoeia Committee, The Siddha Pharmacopoeia Committee with the mandate of establishing quality parameters for Siddha drugs and formulations is working under the auspices of Ministry of AYUSH. It is currently functioning at CCRS, Chennai. “The Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol. III” has been modified as per the new format and it has to be sent to PCIM for printing. Preparation of the Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol. IV has also been initiated during the reporting period. The Siddha Formulary of India, Part I, 1st revised Edition (Tamil) has been approved by the SPC and has to be sent to PCIM for printing. (iii) Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM): The Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM) is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. The Council was established on 30 March 1978 under Societies Registration Act, 1860. However, it started functioning independently from 10 January 1979. The main objectives of the Council are as follows; Formulation of aims and patterns of research on scientific lines in Unani medicine To undertake research or any other programmes in Unani Medicine. Prosecution of and assistance in research and propagation of knowledge and experimental measures generally in connection with the causation, mode of spread and prevention of diseases. To initiate, aid, develop and coordinate scientific research on different aspects, fundamental and applied, of Unani Medicine, and to promote and assist institutions of research for the study of diseases, their prevention, causation and remedy. To finance enquiries and researches for the furtherance of objectives of the Council. To exchange information with other institutions, associations and societies interested in the objectives similar to those of the Council especially in the observation and study of diseases in the East in general, and in India in particular. To prepare, print, publish and exhibit any articles, posters, pamphlets, periodicals and books for furtherance of the objectives of the Council and to contribute to such literature. The Council’s research programmes comprise of clinical research, drug standardization research, literary research and survey and cultivation of medicinal plants. Besides, research oriented extension health services and Information, Education & Communication (IEC) activities are also part of the Council’s programme. Research activities are being carried out through a network of 23 Institutes / Units functioning in different parts of the country. These include the following: Central Research Institutes of Unani Medicine (CRIUM) 02 Hyderabad and Lucknow Regional Research Institutes of Unani Medicine (RRIUM) 08 Chennai, Bhadrak, Patna, Aligarh, Mumbai, Srinagar, Kolkata and New Delhi Regional Research Centres of Unani Medicine (RRCUM) 02 Allahabad and Silchar (Assam) 19 Clinical Research Units (CRUs) 06 Bangalore, Meerut, Bhopal, Burhanpur, Kurnool and Edathala Clinical Research Pilot Project 01 Imphal (Manipur) Drug Standardisation Research Institute (DSRI) 01 Ghaziabad Drug Standardisation Research Unit (DSRU) 01 New Delhi Chemical Research Unit (Chem. RU) 01 Aligarh Hakim Ajmal Khan Institute of Literary & Historical Research in Unani Medicine (HAKILHRUM) 01 New Delhi Total 23 Apart from the above centres, two extension centres of Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine are also functioning one each at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia (RML), Hospital and Deen Dayal Upadhyay (DDU), Hospital in New Delhi. An extension centre of Regional Research Centre, Silchar is functioning at Karimganj (Assam). Besides, four Unani OPDs are also functioning one each at All India Institutes of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, a Unani OPD at Bhomiya ka Pull, Meerut, a Unani Speciality & Regimenal Therapy Centre at Hakim Ajmal Khan Institute of Literary & Historical Research in Unani Medicine at Jamia Millia University, New Delhi and an AYUSH Wellness Centre (Unani Wing) at the President Estate, Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi. Under the clinical research programme pre-clinical safety evaluation studies, open label trials, multi-centric randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative controlled trials are continued with a view to developed safe and effective Unani treatments in different disease conditions. Besides, clinical validation studies on Unani Pharmacopoeial formulations are also continued to validate the safety and efficacy of these formulations in different diseases conditions. Collaborative studies are also continued with other scientific organizations / institutions in different areas. Projects on basic / fundamental research correlating the concept of humours and temperaments with physiological, bio-chemical, molecular and genetical aspect in the healthy subjects and diseased person in the causation of the disease are also continued. Validation of various Unani regimenal therapies including; Hijama (Cupping), Irsal-i-Alaq (Leeching) and Dalk (Message) are also being conducted in different diseases conditions. In the area of drug standardization research, work on development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for method of manufacture of compound formulations followed by developing their Pharmacopoeial standard is continued. Besides standardization of single drugs is also being done. The monographs of the drugs finalized for SOPs are being incorporated in the Unani Pharmacopoeia of India for single drugs as well as compound formulations in the respective UPI part – I and UPI part – II respectively after the approval of UPC/PCIM. Shelf life studies on Unani drugs are also continued with a view to establish the expiry of the drugs. Work on redesigning of dosage form of Unani drugs is also continued to make it more palatable and acceptable. In the literary research programme, collation, editing and translation of classical Unani books are continued. Besides, reprinting of out of print classical books is also being undertaken. Disease-wise database of information available in the Unani classics is being compiled and published. Work on compilation of standard treatment guidelines of Unani medicine and diseases based literature on preventive and promotive aspects of the diseases are also being published. In the area of survey & cultivation of medicinal plants, the Council is busy undertaking ethnobotanical explorations of different forest areas, collecting information on available medicinal flora besides collecting information on medicinal folk claims from different tribes in the region so as to develop a database of information for further studies. Experimental and field scale cultivation of some important medicinal plants is also being undertaken at the Council’s herb gardens. Work on digitization of herbarium sheets is continued with a view to maintain the herbarium sheets in e-form. With a view to provide Unani treatments to the patients the Council clinical centres conduct General OPD and also specific geriatric and MCH / RCH OPDs at its clinical centres. This also helps in getting the research feedbacks. These facilities are available at all the clinical centres of the Council. Besides 10 mobile units attached to different adopted pockets in rural areas urban slums and 20 SC/ST pockets. Health awareness is also created among the masses through health lectures, group meeting school health programme and distribution of published literature. Under information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities, the Council organizes conferences, seminars, workshops with a view to disseminate the research outcomes to the practitioners, scholars, students and faculty members of Unani colleges. Besides, the Council also participate in health exhibitions, health camps and AROGYAs with a view to propagate the system among the masses in the country and abroad. The Council is actively engaged in Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Swasthya Rakshan programme and National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) through the institutes functioning under the Council in different parts of the country. (iv) Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN): Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN) was established in 1978 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. As per the Memorandum of Association of the Council, the objectives of the Council are as under: I. Formulation of aims and patterns of research on scientific lines in Yoga & Naturopathy. II. “To undertake any education, training research and other programmes in Yoga & Naturopathy. III. The prosecution of and assistance in research, the propagation of knowledge and experimental measures generally in connection with the causation, mode of spread and prevention of diseases. IV. To initiate aid, develop and coordinate scientific research in different aspects, fundamental and applied of Yoga and Naturopathy and to promote and assist institutions of research for the study of diseases, their prevention, causation and remedy. V. To finance enquiries and researches for the furtherance of objects of the Central Council. VI. To exchange information with other institutions, associations and societies interested in the objects similar to those of the Central Council and specially in observation and study of diseases in East and in India in particular. VII. To prepare, print, publish and exhibit any papers, posters, pamphlets, periodicals and books for furtherance of the objects of the Council and to contribute to such literature. VIII. To offer prizes and grant of scholarships, including travelling scholarships in furtherance of the objects of the Central Council Research Activities: The Council is involved in carrying out research studies on various aspects of Yoga and Naturopathy with the help of various leading Medical as well as Yoga and Naturopathy institutions. Council has completed 41 research studies, published 13 research monographs and so far 51 research papers have been published by the Council and Principal Investigators. The Council is now initiating for Intra Mural Research projects to establish efficacy of Yoga and Naturopathy treatment modalities in prevention and management of various lifestyle related disorders/ diseases conditions. Research publication: S. No. Title of Monograph 1. Coronary Atherosclerosis Reversal Potential of Yoga Life Style Intervention 2. Clinical Research Profile 3. Yoga and Biofeedback for the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome 4. Research Methodology in Naturopathy & Yoga 5. Yoga for Computer Related Health Problems 6. Yogic Relaxation in the management of Ulcerative Colitis 7. Uni-Nostril Yoga Breathing and Obesity-A study of Efficacy and Mechanisms 8. Effects of Asans and Pranayams on Neurological, Neuromuscular & CardioRespiratory Functions in Health Human Volunteers 9. Autonomic Function Tests in EpilepsyEffect of Hatha Yoga. 10. Assessment of the efficacy of Vipassana Meditation on different age groups: A Polysomnographic & Endocrine Function Evaluation 11. A Randomized Controlled Trail on the 21 efficacy of Yoga in the Management of Bronchial Asthma 12. Research Methodology in Yoga & Naturopathy-II 13. Training Workshop on Research Methodology FELLOWSHIP FOR Ph.D. SCHOLARS Fellowship @ Rs.6,000/- p.m. to the scholars pursuing Ph.D. in Yoga and Naturopathy for 3 years under the Scheme of ‘Fellowship for Ph.D. Scholars’ is provided. The scheme is being revised. PROPAGATIONAL ACTIVITIES i. Participation in AROGYA/Exhibition/ Health Mela The Council actively participates in the Arogya exhibitions organized by the Ministry of AYUSH with following activities:- 1. Live Yoga Demonstration. 2. Exhibition of Yoga & Naturopathy modalities through posters and trans-slides. 3. Free distribution of IEC material. 4. Sale of publication and CDs of the Council. 5. Free Consultation. 6. T.V. shows of Yoga & Naturopathy modalities and treatment. ii. Yoga Fitness Classes: The Council has extended its Health promotional activities by providing free Yoga Fitness Classes at Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi and at Integral Health Clinic, D/o Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi. iii. Yoga and Naturopathy OPDs: The Council is providing health care services through Yoga & Naturopathy OPDs in the premises of various Medical Colleges & Hospitals. Council Head quarters, and CRI Rohini, Delhi. Yoga & Naturopathy OPDs run by the Council: 1) CCRYN, Headquarters, New Delhi 2) CRIYN, Rohini, Delhi 3) Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 4) Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi 5) Lady Harding Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi 6) University College of Medical Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 7) Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 8) Ch. Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan, Khera Dabar, Delhi iv. Publications of the Council: The Council has brought out number of IEC material for benefit of the common man which is very popular among public. The disease specific booklets of the Council viz, Motapa, Uchcha Raktachap, Obesity, Sprouts, High Blood Pressure, Anmol Bol etc. both in Hindi and English are in great demand during Arogya and other Health Melas. CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CRI): The Council is in the process of establishing following Central Research Institutes of Yoga and Naturopathy with 100 bedded Hospital facilities to generate sufficient data in support of the potential of Yoga & Naturopathy treatment modalities in the management of various lifestyle related disease conditions. Various stages of construction of these CRIs are as under: 1. Central Research Institute (CRI), Nagmangala, Karnataka – 1st Phase Completed. 2. Central Research Institute (CRI), Jhajjar, Bahadurgarh, Haryana – 1st Phase Completed. 3. Central Research Institute (CRI,) Bhubaneswar, Odisha – Possession of land has been taken. 4. Central Research Institute of Yoga & Naturopathy (CRIYN), Delhi – OPD facilities are functional. Celebration of International Day of Yoga One month free Yoga camps were organized from 21.05.2015 to 21.06.2016 in all the districts of the Country through NGOs/ Govt. Institutions with the financial assistance of the Council to celebrate International Day of Yoga. Moreover, one month free Yoga Classes were also conducted in Delhi & NCR at 100 places to celebrate International Day of Yoga. (V) Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH): The Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy established on 30th March 1978 is an apex organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, for undertaking cocoordinating, developing, disseminating and promoting research in homoeopathy on scientific lines. 22 INFRASTRUCTURE The council with its Headquarters at New Delhi has a network of 22 Institutes/Units, all over India. These include 02 Central research Institutes, 08 regional research Institutes, 01 Homoeopathic Drug research Institutes, 08 Clinical Research Units, 01 Drug Standardization Unit, 01 Clinical Verification Unit and 01 Survey of Medicinal Plants and Collection Units. There are 04 functional OPDs for providing homoeopathic treatment in allopathic hospitals. Council has upgraded CRU, Agartala to Regional Research Institute to gear up the research work in North-East region. Apart from these, the Council has developed highly advanced & technically equipped infrastructure of virology laboratory at Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata to carry out molecular biological work. ACHIEVEMENTS Drug Standardization: The Council has assigned 98 drugs to both Standardization centres under drug standardization program for the year 2015-16. Out of 98 assigned drug, Pharmacognostic & PhysicoChemical studies have been completed for 18 drug of plant origin whereas Physico-Chemical studies have been completed for 17 drug of chemical origin. Beside, an annual assignment, 13-drug and (Pharmacognostic & Physico-chemical studies), 4- drug (Pharmacognostic studies) and 4-drug (Physico-chemical studies) have also been completed during the period under report. Finalization of monograph and vetting of technical inputs by the expert and Publication of Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of India Volume -XI are in progress. Drug Proving: During the reporting period, six coded drugs have been assigned to different drug proving centres. Apart from these six drugs, proving on three out of six coded drugs assigned in 2015-16 is ongoing. The drug proving trial on eight coded drugs assigned in previous two years has been completed during this period and the compiled proving data of six coded drugs has been approved by the Special Committee on Drug Proving in the 6th meeting held on 22nd July 2016. Proving data of drug code 110 has been compiled and compilation of proving for drug code 124 is in progress. The minutes of the 6th meeting of the Special Committee and the follow up action of the 58th meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) has been submitted for approval of SAC in the forth coming 59th meeting. An onsite review of Drug Proving Research Programme being carried out at Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute (H), Kolkata was conducted on 23rd-24th September 2016 and at Homoeopathic Drug Research Institute, Lucknow was conducted on 21st-22nd November 2016. As per the mandate of the Council the proving studies of indigenous drugs and fragmentarily proved drugs whose Drug Standardisation studies have been done under the Council are being taken up. It has been recommended to take up proving studies on commonly prescribed allopathic drugs whose toxicity and side effects are well known. The Homoeopathic dilutions of these drugs will be prepared at DDPR CRI (H), Noida. The protocol for carrying out Meta-analysis of Drug Proving Research publication from 1996 till 2015 in collaboration with Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine, London as per the MoU signed between CCRH and RLHIM has been drafted. The process for development of software for recording Drug Proving data is under progress. Clinical Verification: Homoeopathic Materia Medica contains signs and symptoms produced during proving of the drugs on healthy human volunteers, toxic effects as observed during accidental poisoning or prolonged use of the drug, and clinical symptoms observed when used therapeutically. Thus, the symptomatic data need to be clinically verified when prescribed in the clinical settings. The Council had undertaken the clinical verification programme to clinically verify pathogenetic effects (symptoms) of 85 drugs, including those proved by the Council. Studies on these drugs have already been concluded and out of these, 72 drugs have been published in the form of a Materia Medica in the name of “Study of Homoeopathic Medicines through Clinical Verification – A new perspective” in three volumes. The preparation of a Materia Medica on remaining drugs is under progress. Now study of new 16 drugs, proved by the Council, are under study in 13 centres. Clinical Research: Clinical Research is one of the priority areas of research of the Council. The protocol of studies are prepared involving the experts from All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), eminent homeopathic educators, researchers and practitioners and other experts from modern medicine as and when required depending on the 23 subject. The protocol follows Good clinical practices of India, ethical guidelines of ICMR. Nineteen studies are ongoing during the reporting period on the following clinical conditions: • Homoeopathy as adjunctive treatment to resperidone/ olanzipine in treatment resistant patients of schizophrenia: an open label randomized placebo controlled trial. • A randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over, clinical trial of homoeopathic medicines in Autism. • Effects of Homoeopathic intervention in Stage I essential hypertensive patients: A randomized double blind, placebo controlled trial. • Effect of individualized homoeopathic intervention in dyslipidemia: An open label randomised controlled exploratory trial. • Effects of Homoeopathic intervention in prediabetes (EHIP): An open label randomized controlled exploratory trial. • Comparing individualized homoeopathy with placebo in managing pain of knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. • Observational study to evaluate response to homoeopathic treatment in psoriasis. • Observational study to evaluate response to homoeopathic treatment in Vitiligo. • A comparative randomized controlled trial of homoeopathy & allopathy in acute otitis media & its recurrence in children. • Individualized homoeopathic intervention in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A randomised controlled pilot study using Calendula Q vs normal saline for ulcer dressing. • A multi –centre single blind randomized placebo controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of individualized homoeopathic intervention in Breast fibroadenoma. • Efficacy of homoeopathic treatment in subclinical hypothyroidism in school going children: a randomized double blind placebo controlled parallel arm trial. • Follow up cross sectional study of Subclinical Hypothyroidism children post three years of treatment. • Evaluation of Ferrum drugs in the treatment of Iron deficiency Anaemia- An observational study. • Validation of commonly used homoeopathic drugs for migraine: A prospective observational study-Pretrial • Validation of commonly used homoeopathic drugs for functional dyspepsia: A prospective observational study-Pretrial • Validation of commonly used homoeopathic drugs for bronchial asthma: A prospective observational study-Pretrial • Validation of commonly used homoeopathic medicines for hemorrhoids: A prospective observational study -Pretrial • Validation of commonly used homoeopathic drugs for acne: A prospective observational studyPretrial. Following new study initiated: • Acute Encephalitis Syndrome- Treatment Study. Following study is concluded: • Adjuvant homoeopathic management for cancer patients experiencing side effects from chemotherapy-a pilot study. The following are the salient outcomes from the studies published during the reporting year: • A randomized comparative trial in the management of Alcohol Dependence: Individualized Homoeopathy versus standard Allopathic Treatment. Published in: Indian J Res Homoeopathy 2016; 10:172-81 Outcome: This study was undertaken to compare the effects of IH with standard allopathic (SA) treatment, in which alcohol dependents were screened verbally using the CAGE scale. The results concluded that IH is not inferior to SA in the management of AD patients. More rigorous studies with large sample size are however desirable. • An open label pilot study to explore usefulness of Homoeopathic treatment in Nonerosive Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Published in: Indian J Res Homoeopathy 2016; 10:188-98. Outcome: Nonerosive Gastroesophageal reflux disease or Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is characterized by troublesome reflux related symptoms in the absence of esophageal erosions/breaks at conventional endoscopy. Present work reports Significant difference was found in pre- and post-treatment GERD symptom score and statistically significant improvement in three domains of WHO-QOL score, i.e. psychological health, social relationship, and environmental domain. • Homoeopathic management of Schizophrenia: A prospective, non comparative, open label observational study. Published in: Indian J Res Homoeopathy 2016; 10:108-18. Outcome: The study reflects the positive role of homoeopathic medicines in the management of patients suffering from schizophrenia as measured by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales (BPRS). Fundamental & Collaborative Research: The main objective of the collaborative studies initiated by CCRH in 2005 is to conduct evidencebased, inter-disciplinary basic research studies and to validate the efficacy/concepts of Homoeopathy 24 on scientific parameters which require infrastructure and /or expertise not available in the Council. These studies aim to understand the biological effect of homeopathic medicines; to conduct animal experimentation to assess anti-viral properties; to undertake physiochemical studies; and to know the presence of Nano-particles in homoeopathic medicines. To achieve its aims in this field, Council collaborates with various reputed institutes and has had 30 National and 03 International collaborations. A brief account of activities during this period is given below: Ongoing Studies  ‘Effect of homoeopathic medicines on dengue virus infection on mosquito cell line and in suckling mice’ at Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal;  ‘Estimation of viral load and immune response in JE virus infected adult and suckling mice treated with Belladonna’ at Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal;  ‘Understanding the mechanism of action of homoeopathic medicine at Molecular level in Nano domains in vivo and in vitro systems’ at Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Kolkata, West Bengal;  ‘Efficacy of the Homoeopathic preparation of Berberis vulgaris to alleviate acute oxalate toxicity: an insight into lithogenic events with special reference to crystallization and inflammation’ at Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Madras University, Chennai;  ‘Elucidation of Molecular Mechanism of Action of Belladonna and Belladonna Calcarea carbonica – Tuberculinum bovinum (BCT) during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection’ at Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad;  ‘Effects of Potentised Homoeopathic medicines in Agriculture (AgroHomoeopathy): An eco-friendly alternative solution for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides’ at CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha;  ‘To study the effect of homeopathic drugs on ultra-structure of mid-gut cells derived from Aedes albopictus’ at Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal;  ‘Prophylactic effect of Homeopathic antimalaria drugs on malaria - A prevention effectiveness study in Odisha’ at Indian Institute for Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Extra-Mural Research: The Ministry of AYUSH supports scientists in the country to conduct research in Homoeopathy. The scheme encourages research in high priority areas to ascertain efficacy of treatment, better understanding of homoeopathic principles and respond to various public health concerns. CCRH is providing technical expertise and scrutinizing new projects relating to Homoeopathy received for grant-in-aid under this scheme of the Ministry of AYUSH. During the period from 1st April 2016- 30th November 2016 twenty seven new proposals were received. Two Project Screening committees were held on 10th August 2016 and 15th – 16th November 2016 under the chairmanship of Joint Secretary, Ministry of AYUSH. One project approval committee under the chairmanship of Secretary AYUSH was held on 21st September 2016. One workshop on ‘Sensitization of Extra-Mural Research’ among AYUSH practitioners, academicians and researchers was organized by the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy on 30th November 2016 at the Kerala University Health Sciences, Thrissur. Thirty three participants from Homoeopathy, Ayurveda and Siddha colleges and health care organizations participated in the workshop. Homoeopathy for Healthy Child: The Council is undertaking the program on ‘Homoeopathy for Healthy Child’ aimed at screening, early diagnosis and management of common diseases of children & adolescents since February 2015. This program is being undertaken on pilot basis in 10 blocks of 05 states i.e. Assam, Delhi, Maharashtra, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. Also, the program was extended to 5 gram panchayats under Jadigenahalli PHC (Bangalore, Karnataka) since November 2015 in coordination 25 with Dr Mathai’s Rural Holistic Health Centre under public private partnership mode. The Health workers involved in the project are ASHA/ANM/MPW and supporting staff. A total of 52327 children in the age group of 6months to 3yrs. have been enrolled since inception of the programme. During the reporting period 10,694 children were enrolled, from 1824 children reporting with diarrhoea, 1686 responded to Homoeopathic treatment. From 2717 children reporting with Fever/URTI, 2564 children responded to homoeopathic treatment. Swasthya Rakshan Program: Council has undertaken ‘Swasthya Rakshan Program’ (SRP) through its 11 Research Institutes by adopting five villages/urban cities near to the Institutes. The objectives of SRP are to provide homoeopathic treatment to the people in the identified villages through mobile OPDs; organizing Parikshan camps for screening of healthy population and early diagnosis of diseases on weekly basis in the identified villages; collection of demographic details of the villages; promote hygiene and cleanliness through health education for enabling behavior change in people. SRP has two components namely Swasthya Rakshan OPDs and Swasthya Parikshan Camps. Activities Undertaken, includes development of IEC material (Handouts, pamphlets, posters) which is developed in Hindi, English and 07 regional languages focusing on importance of hygiene in daily practice, promoting healthy practices like hand washing, disposal of waste, for creating awareness about importance of hygiene, healthy habits and homoeopathy in daily life, in the targeted villages during mobile OPDs and camps. A total of 79784 people are benefitted through 1227 camps/OPD. The programme also includes family health surveys. Till date 13081 families have been covered and health screening of 15719 persons have been conducted under the survey. Mass campaigning through rallies/ Nukkad nataks focusing on personal, environmental and social hygiene was conducted in the target villages with the help of local authorities and village Sarpanchs. Informative lectures on hygiene were conducted in schools of the targeted villages and IEC materials in regional languages were distributed. Short audio video clips of 2-3 minutes from the villagers, village Sarpanch or local authorities are recorded to assess positive impact of the program. Integration of AYUSH (Homeopathy along with Yoga) in the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS) – A pilot project Keeping in view, the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India launched National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS) in July 2010 and by 2012, 21 states across the country were covered under the programme. Promotion of healthy life styles, early diagnosis and management of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases & common cancers e.g. cervical cancer, breast cancer & oral cancer are the aims of this programme. It was decided to integrate Homoeopathy in NPCDCS program on pilot basis and utilize the services of the Homoeopathic doctors and yoga experts in Krishna (Andhra Pradesh) and Darjeeling (West Bengal) districts at first instance. The Objectives of Integration of Homoeopathy/Yoga in NPCDCS Program are Health promotion of masses through behavior change, Disease prevention through early diagnosis of NCDs, Reduction in NCD burden and their risk factors, Early management of NCDs through homoeopathic treatment alone or as add on to standard care, and study feasibility of integration of AYUSH (Homoeopathy &Yoga) in reduction of disease burden. The programme is implemented through 14 CHCs and 103 PHCs in two districts. During the reporting period, Training manual for yoga instructors/volunteers and multitask workers in English and Telugu, Screening card, Lifestyle clinic questionnaire, Spreadsheet for data capturing of patients attending CHNCs/BPHCs were developed. Awareness rallies/activities and screening camps have been organized on the occasion of World Diabetes Day, World Heart Day, Breast Cancer Awareness Week and International yoga day. A total of 62,005 patients attended the OPD, 13,335 patients were screened and 7,675 patients are being treated for NCDs. So far, 3,123 Yoga sessions have been conducted with 98,820 participants. AYUSH Epidemic Cell: The Council is conducting studies and medical relief camps in communicable diseases like conjunctivitis, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, bacillary dysentery, yellow fever, jaundice, typhoid, 26 measles, meningitis, cholera, viral fevers, kala azar, plague, malaria, chikungunya and swine flu. Brief description of activities in reporting year is as below: A. Three studies were conducted on Dengue. Firstly, a prospective, cluster randomized, double blind, parallel arm, placebo controlled study was undertaken from May 2016 to August 2016 at Kerala. A total of 64,096 patients enrolled received Eupatorium perfoliatum or placebo after randomization. Data compilation is under process. Secondly, a prospective observational, preventive study in Delhi to access effectiveness of Eupatorium perfoliatum on incidence of Dengue fevers during Dengue fever outbreak. Thirdly, a data collection study was done in the month of September 2016 for Dengue cases in collaboration with Govt. of NCT, Delhi. B. A data collection study was done in the month of September 2016 for Chikungunya cases in collaboration with Govt. of NCT, Delhi. A total of 174 Chikungunya cases are enrolled for study and followed up. Data is under compilation. For increasing awareness among the public and homoeopathic practitioners about homoeopathic prevention and treatment of chikungunya council has developed “Homoeopathic Perspectives in Chikungunya” and the same being uploaded in the Council’s website. C. Council has undertaken data collection for AES/JE prevention in 05 adopted villages and forest camp in Imphal during recent outbreak in August 2016 through its Regional Research Institute, Imphal. Documentation & Publications: The Council brings out quality publications in the form of books, monographs etc. In the reporting year, Council has published under periodicals 03 issues of Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, two volumes of CCRH Newsletter, and Annual Report 2015-16. Under books/monographs, 07 books were published and released on World Homoeopathy Day 2016:  The Dossier Homeopathy Science of Gentle Healing (English & Spanish),  Homoeopathy for Common DiseasesBefore Consulting a Doctor (English),  Keynotes of Homoeopathic Materia Medica,  Clinical Verification Vol. III,  Drug Proving-Training Module and Manual,  Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia of India Vol. 10,  Training manual for Homoeopathy Physicians: Homoeopathy for Healthy Child. Other publications during reporting year:  Dossier Homoeopathic Science of Gentle Healing in Japanese and  Drug Monograph: Hydrocotyle asiatica. Activities & Achievement 2016 and revised edition of the book Handbook of Medicinal Plants is under print. IEC materials 05 handouts & 01 poster have also been published. Council’s publications have been made available for sale online through. The website for e-books http://www.ccrhpubonline.com has been developed and 28 publications have been made online and 11 are under process. The purchase of books of the Council publications has been made speedily available by integrating the payment gateway with Council’s website. 08 publications of the Council have also been included in Radar Opus version 1.43 and 02 publications have been included in Zomeo, the software from Hompath. Documentary film, Drug Development in Homoeopathy is ready and Research in Homoeopathy is in the final stage. Short Term Studentship in Homoeopathy: The Council had initiated the Short Term Studentship in homoeopathy Program in year 2014 in order to promote interest and aptitude for research among homoeopathic undergraduates. STSH is a fully online Program (CCRH |). The students register ONLINE every year and the received applications are evaluated. The selected candidates submit their projects which are evaluated by the reviewers and those who are approved are awarded with a sum of Rs. 10,000/-. During the reporting year, studentship was awarded to 12 candidates from 2015 batch. For the 2016 batch, 413 candidates registered online, research proposals were submitted by 159 from which 48 were shortlisted. 27 BUDGET: (Rs. In crore) Budget Estimate Plan NonPlan Total 2016-17 65.00 26.00 91.00 Expenditure up to November, 2016 33.61 19.32 52.93 E. STATUTORY REGULATORY BODIES: There is a need to initiate measures to improve the standards of Medical Education by revising curricula to contemporary relevance by creating medical institutions and Centre of Excellence and providing assistance for infrastructural growth. The Department is committed for the development and propagation of Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy systems and strives to maintain standards of education in the existing colleges. AYUSH teaching institutions are being provided financial assistance for creating infrastructural facilities as specified in the Minimum Standards Regulations and the regulations of Undergraduate, Post-graduate education and Postgraduate Diploma course issued by Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) and Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH). So far, total (519) i.e. 331 and 188 colleges/institutions have been permitted by CCIM and CCH respectively to undertake UG /PG courses and these colleges are affiliated with 76 recognized universities throughout the country including three exclusive Ayurveda universities and six Health Universities (Annexure - VI). Regulation of Medical education and maintenance of Central Register of ISM &H are two main functions of these regulatory bodies. There are 48 State Boards of Indian System of Medicine and Homoeopathy (Annexure -VII) for registering AYUSH practitioners possessing recognized medical qualifications. (i) Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM): The Central Council of Indian Medicine is a statutory body constituted under the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 vide Gazette Notification Extraordinary Part- II Section 3 (ii) dated 10.8.1971. The Government of India vide issuing amendments in the said Gazette Notification has changed the members in 1984, 1995, 2006 and 2011. The main objects of the Central Council are as under:-  To prescribe minimum standards of education in Indian Systems of Medicine viz. Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Tib and Amchi System of Medicine.  To advise Central Government in matters relating to the recognition (inclusion/withdrawal) of medical qualifications in/from Second Schedule to Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970.  To maintain a Central Register of Indian Medicine and revise the Register from time to time.  To Prescribe Standards of Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Code of Ethics to be observed by the practitioners. To consider and furnish the recommendations to Government of India on the proposal received from various institutions through Government of India for establishment of new colleges of Indian Systems of Medicine, to increase intake capacity in Under-graduate course/Post-graduate course and to start new Post-graduate course or additional subjects. Since its establishment in 1971, the Central Council has been framing on and implementing various regulation including the Curricula and Syllabii in Indian Systems of Medicine viz. Ayurved, Siddha and Unani Tib at Under-graduate level and Post-graduate level. Now all the Colleges of Indian Systems of Medicine are affiliated to 46 Universities in the Country. These Colleges are following the minimum standards of education and Curricula and Syllabii, prescribed by Central Council. The Central Council of Indian Medicine has prescribed Regulations for Under-graduate and Post-graduate courses of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Tib considering that after completion of education, they would become profound scholars having deep basis of Ayurved, Siddha and Unani with scientific knowledge in the fundamentals of respective systems. Through extensive practical training students become an efficient Teachers, Research scholars, Kayachikitsak (Physicians) and Shalya Chikitsak (Surgeons) who are fully competent to serve in the medical and health services of the Country. The Central Council has prescribed the following Regulations:- Regulations framed by CCIM with the previous sanction of Government of India. 28 1.) Central Council of Indian Medicine (Election of President and Vice-President) Regulations, 1971. 2.) Central Council of Indian medicine (General) Regulations, 1976 amended in 2012. 3.) Central Council of Indian Medicine (Inspectors and Visitors) Regulations, 1977. 4.) Central Council of Indian Medicine (Central Register of Indian Medicine) Regulations, 1979. 5.) Practitioners of Indian Medicine (Standards of Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Code of Ethics) Regulations, 1982. 6.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Minimum Standards Requirements of Ayurveda Colleges and attached Hospitals) Regulations, 2012 thereafter Amendment in 2013. 7.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Minimum Standards of Education in Indian Medicine) (Amendment) Regulations, 1986 for Kamil-etib-o-jarahat (Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery) Course, Amendment in 1995, thereafter 2013. 8.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Minimum Standards of Education in Indian Medicine) Amendment Regulations, 2006 for Siddha Maruthuva Arignar (Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery) BSMS Course amended in 2013. 9.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Postgraduate Ayurveda Education) Regulations, 2005 for Ayurveda Vachaspati MD (Ay.) and Ayurved Dhanwantari (MS-Ay.) amended in 2012. 10.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Post Garduate Unani Education) Regulations, 2007 for Mahir-e-Tib (Doctor of Medicine) & Mahire-Jarahat (Master of Surgery). 11.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Postgraduate Education) Regulations, 1986 and further added in 1994 for Siddha Maruthuva Perarignar, MD (Siddha) Course. 12.) Establishment of New Medical College opening of new or Higher Course of Study of Training and Increase of Admission Capacity by a Medical College Regulations, 2003. 13.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Permission to Existing Medical Colleges) Regulations, 2006. 14.) Indian Medicine Central Council (PostGraduate Diploma Course) Regulations, 2010 and Amended in 2013. 15.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Minimum Standards of Education in Indian Medicine (Ayurved) Amendment Regulations, 2012 and subsequently, 2013. 16.) Indian Medicine Central Council (Minimum Standard Requirements of Unani Colleges and attached Hospitals) Regulations, 2013. 17.) India Medicine Central Council (Minimum Standards Requirement of Siddha Colleges and attached Hospitals) Regulation 2013. Amendment in the Second Schedule Second Schedule to the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 (48 of 1970) vide Gazette Notification No. S.O. 2366 (E) dated 06.08.2013 Second Schedule to the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 (48 of 1970) vide Gazette Notification No. S.O. 2811 (E) dated 26.11.2012 Second Schedule to the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 (48 of 1970) vide Gazette Notification No. S.O. 83 (E) dated 28.12.2012 Status/Number of College At present there are 260 Ayurved, 08 Siddha and 41 Unani Colleges, affiliated with various Universities of the Country. 78 colleges in Ayurved, 4 in Siddha and 9 in Unani imparting Post-Graduate Education in different specialties. Central Council has prescribed following courses at Under-graduate and Post-graduate level. Minimum Standards of education and syllabi for different courses for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Tib have also been laid down by the Council. Ayurveda Ayurvedacharya (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery) -5-1/2 Years Ayurved Vachaspati (MD-Ayurved) - 3 Years Ayurved Dhanwantari (MS-Ayurved) - 3 Years Diploma in Ayurved – 2 years Unani Tib Kamil-e-Tib-o-Jarahat (Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery) - 5-1/2 years Mahir-e-Tib (MD-Unani) - 3 years Mahir-e-jarahat (MS-Unani) - 3 years Diploma in Unani – 2 Years Siddha Siddha Maruthuva Arignar (Bachelor of Siddha Medicine & Surgery) - 5-1/2 years Siddha Maruthuva Perignar (MD-Unani) –3 years. As per provision of Section 14(2) of IMCC Act, 1970 following qualifications have been included under 2nd Schedule to the IMCC Acts, 1970. CENTRAL REGISTER OF INDIAN MEDICINE 29 Preparation and maintenance of Central Register of Indian Medicine is one of the main objects of the Central Council. As per provisions of the IMCC Act, 1970, Central Council is maintaining a Central Register in the prescribed manner, which is containing, the names of persons who are enrolled on any State Register of Indian Medicine and who possess any of the recognized medical qualifications included in the Schedules to the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970. The maintenance of Central Register of Indian Medicine and updating of the same is a continuous process. (iii) Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH): The Central Council of Homoeopathy has been constituted by the Government of India under the provisions of Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973 (website: Central Council Of Homoeopathy). This council is comprised of members elected from the States/UTs as well as from Faculties/Department of Homeopathy in Universities (by whatever name called) and nominated by the Central Government. Its main objectives are:  Maintenance of Central Register of Homoeopathic Practitioners in the country.  Laying down the minimum requirement for Medical education in Homoepathy.  Prescribing standards of professional conduct, etiquette and code of ethics for the practitioners of Homoeoapthy.  Recommending recognition and/or withdrawal of recognition of medical qualification in Homeopathy awarded in India.  Recommending recognition of medical qualification in Homoepathy awarded outside India on reciprocal basis.  Recommending for approval of a new college, or increase of seats or for starting of new or higher courses in existing colleges. (a) Regulation of Medical Education of Homeopathy : The Homeopathy Central Council Act, 1973 was amended in 2002 (but amendments were enforced w.e.f. 28.01.2003) and the power to grant permission for starting new colleges, introducing new or higher courses of study and increasing the number of seats in a college has been vested with the Central Government on the recommendation of Central Council. The Regulations as per provisions of HCC Act, 1973 have been prescribed for Under Graduate degree course Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery (BHMS) 5 ½ years, and a (bridge) graded degree course BHMS of 2 years duration and at Post Graduate level M.D. (Hom) degree courses (3 years) in seven specialty subjects are continuing. Following are the relevant Regulations:-  Homoepathy (Degree Course) Regulations, 1983 (amended in 2003, 2005 and 2015 and 2016 respectively).  Homeopathy (Graded Degree Course) Regulations, 1983 (amended in 2001).  Homeopathy (Post Graduate Degree Course) Regulations, 1989, (amended in 1993, 2001 & 2012 and 2016 respectively). The Central Council of Homoeopathy enforced the Establishment of New Medical College (Opening of New or Higher course of Study of Training and Increase of admission capacity by the a Medical College) Regulations, 2011 to deal with the matters of opening of new colleges or increase of seats or starting of new or higher course in existing colleges. These have amended in May, 2016. In supersession of its earlier Regulations namely Homoeopathy (Minimum standards of Education) Regulations, 1983, the Central Council has notified Homoeopathic Central Council (Minimum standards Requirements of Homeopathic colleges and attached Hospitals) Regulations, 2013 with prior approval of Central Government which are to be fulfilled by all the Colleges. The Central council monitors the standards of education by way of inspections of Homeopathic Medical Colleges and attached Homoeopathic hospitals as well as of examinations conducted by the universities for above mentioned courses. (b) Central Register of Homoeopathy: Under the provisions of Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973, the Central council maintains the Central Register of Homoeopathy in Part I and Part II. Part I contains the names of all the Persons who possess any of the recognized medical qualification in Homoeopathy and Part II contains the names of all persons other than those included in Part I who were enrolled on before the commencement of the provisions of the Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973 in 30 different States/UTs Direct registration is also done by Central Council as per its Registration Regulations. There are about 3.00 lakh registered Homoeopathic doctors in the country. The Central Register of Homoeopathy has been published in the Official Gazette in 1993, 1996. 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. List of names of Homoeopathic doctors removed from the Central Register have been published in the Official Gazettes in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014, and lists of Part-II, names restored in Central Register have been published in the Official Gazettes in April 2011, November 2011, April 2012 November 2012, May 2013, August 2014 & May 2015 and Part-I names restored in Central Register have been published in the Official Gazette in November 2013, August 2014, December 2014 and May 2015. (c) Code of Ethics for homoeopathic practitioners: The Central Council has also laid down Homoeopathic Practitioners (Professional Conduct, Etiquette & Code of Ethics) Regulations, 1982 (amended in July 2014) which have to be followed by Homoeopathic Practitioners. F. NATIONAL INSTITUTES: National Institutes in various AYUSH systems have been set up by the Central Government to set benchmarks for teaching, research and clinical practices. Upgrading these National institutes into Centres of Excellence has been a constant endeavour of the Department. There are three National Institute under Ayurveda system, whereas, one National Institute exists each in Unani, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy systems. (i) National Institute of Ayurveda (NIA), Jaipur: The National Institute of Ayurveda, established on 7th February 1976 is an apex Institute of the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India for Promoting the Growth and Development of Ayurveda as a model Institute for evolving high standards of Teaching, Training, Research and Patient Care and also to invoke scientific outlook to the knowledge of all aspects of Ayurvedic System of Medicine. The Institute is affiliated to Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur for Academic and Examination purposes and follows the Syllabus and Curriculum prescribed by the Central Council of Indian Medicine as adopted by the University. The Institute has a beautiful, peaceful and eco-friendly atmosphere suited for Ayurvedic education. The Campus of the Institute is a Wi-Fi Campus that provides faculty, students and staff to use the Internet at any point of time. The Campus has air-conditioned lecture theatres. The Institute is imparting Graduate(BAMS), Post-Graduate(MD/MS(Ay.) and Ph.D. level courses in Ayurveda. The Graduate Course of BAMS has 92 Seats, the PG Course of MD/MS (Ayu.) has 104 Seats spread over 14 Specialties and the Ph.D(Ayu) Course has 28 Seats spread over 14 Specialties, annually viz. Shalya Tantra, Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Kayachikitsa, Dravya Guna, Swastha Vritta, Roga and Vikriti Vigyan, Maulik Siddhanta(Samhita), Sharir Kriya, Sharir Rachana, Shalakya Tantra, Prasuti Tantra & Stri Roga and Agad Tantra. Apart from this, the Institute also imparts a Diploma Course of AYUSH Nursing and Pharmacy with 30 seats annually. There is also a 3 months Panchakarma Attendant Training Course in Classical and Keraliya Panchakarma Procedure with an intake capacity of 20 Seats. The Institute is also conducting Short-Term Training Course for Foreign Medical and Non-Medical Professionals. The Institute has 3 Hospitals namely, the NIA Campus Hospital with 280 beds in the Main Campus, NIA City Hospital with 20 beds in the heart of the City, 4 kilometers away from the main Campus and a Satellite Hospital providing OPD Services at Jawahar Nagar, a popular residentialcum-commercial area of the Jaipur City. The main objective of the Hospitals is to provide medical care through Ayurvedic System of Medicine to the suffering humanity and the Institute is doing excellent activities in the field of Patient Care Activities through its OPD, IPD, Panchakarma Therapies, Primary Emergency Care Unit, Central Laboratory, many Specialty Clinics and facilities like Pathological Tests, Bio-chemical Tests, X-ray, ECG, CTMT, Ultra Sound, Spirometery, Auditometer, Geriatric Unit, Dietary Unit, Orthopedic Unit, Child Mental Health Unit, Shivtra Roga & Tvaka Roga Clinic, Treatment of Anorectal, Jalokavacharan, Agnikarma, Pregnancy Test, Vaccination Unit, Computerized Radiography 31 System, Computerized Dental Unit, ENT OPD and IPD Unit with facilities of OT Microscopes, Eye OT Microscopes, etc. for specialized treatments and surgical procedures for various ENT related disorders. The Institute will be shortly obtaining the NABH Accreditation for its Campus Hospital. The Institute is in the process of achieving E-Hospital Management System for its patient care services. Most of the medicines dispensed in the Hospitals are manufactured in the Pharmacy of the Institute and are provided to the Patients free of cost. The Institute organizes Mobile Medical Camps by offering Free Consultations, Health Check-up, Dispensing of Medicines etc. in various earmarked and remote Villages/Panchayat Samitis etc. inhabited by SC and ST population in around 12 Districts of Rajasthan. The Institute has already registered under Public Finance Management System and is working towards achieving the full objectives of the System. A Quarterly Peer Reviewed Journal, (Journal of Ayurveda) and also a Quarterly Newsletter is also published and circulated widely. The infrastructure and facilities available on campus are very best. The Main Campus of the Instituted spread over an area of 13 acres. The Institute has a beautiful, peaceful and eco-friendly atmosphere suited for Ayurvedic education. The Campus of the Institute is a Wi-Fi Campus that provides faculty, students and staff to use the Internet at any point of time. The Campus has airconditioned lecture theatres. The classrooms are equipped with modern teaching aids like Computer, DLP Projector and Mike & Sound Systems. An auditorium with a seating capacity of five hundred with 500 with amenities like Sound & Light schemes, Fire-proof Curtains, a big screen for LCD Projections, Separate Generator Set for power back-up, Carpeted Floor, etc. Facilities and services such as the canteen, Bank, 300 bedded Hospital with OPD and IPD facilities, Hostels, IT Center, Photocopy Facility, open-air theatre are located within the campus. Apart from above, the Institute has a City Hospital, a Satellite Clinic, 59 Staff Quarters and a Guest House away from the main Campus. (ii) Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth (RAV), New Delhi: The Rasthriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth, New Delhi, is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. It is registered under Societies’ Act, and established in 1988 (Website: Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth). The RAV imparts practical training to Ayurvedic graduates and post graduates through the Guru-Shishya Parampara i.e. the traditional method of transfer of knowledge. There are two types of courses i.e. MRAV & CRAV. The Member of Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth (MRAV) is a two year course to facilitate literary research for acquisition of knowledge of Ayurvedic samhitas and commentaries thereon in order to enable the students (who have completed post graduation in Ayurveda) to become good teachers, research scholars and experts in Samhitas. The students, who have completed post graduation in Ayurveda are admitted for critical study on Samhita, related to their P.G. studies. The Certificate course of RAV (CRAV) is a one-year course of Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth run in clinical specialties like Kayachikitsa, Asthi chikitsa, Shalya, Shalakya, Streeroga, and in aushadh nirman (Classical methods of Ayurvedic drug manufacturing/ pharmaceutics). The candidates possessing Ayurvedacharya (BAMS) or MD/MS (Ay) from the institution/ college and university included in 2nd schedule of IMCC Act-1970 are eligible for CRAV course. In this course the age limit for BAMS students is 30 year and for PG students it is 32 years. Earlier, CRAV course was open to Indian nationals only but a process has now been initiated to start it in neighboring countries i.e. Sri Lanka and Nepal also. The Vidyapeeth organizes National Seminars to discuss the latest development and research in Ayurveda for the benefits of practitioners and researchers. The Vidyapeeth also conducts Interactive Workshops for the discussion on debatable topics of Ayurveda between students and teachers so as to provide clarity for further utilization in the fields of education, research and patient care. Besides that, the Vidyapeeth also conducts training programmes for Ayurvedic teachers on Samhita based clinical diagnosis and for PG students on Research Methodology, Manuscript writing and Career oppurtunities. The vidyapeeth is going to start an E course on Ayurveda and is set to become an accrediting body to accredit short term Ayurveda courses. R.A.V. has also established a dialogue between Ayurvedic scholars & modern medicine practitioners in order to identify the areas of mutual concerns and benefits. This dialogue is done in the 32 form of symposium at various medical colleges in India. R.A.V. is also set to publish its Bi-annual journal very soon. To promote writing in Ayurveda, RAV has established writing awards and scientific writing categories. The Vidyapeeth also works as a nodal agency to the Ministry of AYUSH in implementing Central Sector Scheme of Continuing Medical Education (CME) in AYUSH systems. This scheme looks after the updation of the skills and knowledge of teachers, doctors, paramedics and other personnel in AYUSH sectors and facilitating them to render better services. (III) Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (IPGT&RA), Jamnagar (GUJARAT): Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda is the oldest Research institute of Ayurveda established and being funded by Government of India. The present form of the institute is attained after a series of steps being taken by Government of India and Gujarat Ayurved University. In the year 1953, for the First time, an Institute for Ayurveda was established by Government of India in the name of Central Institute for Research in Indian System of Medicine( CIRISM) in the great palacious building named as Dhanvantari Mandir, which was built by Gulab Kunwarba Ayurvedic Society for housing the Ayurvedic Institutions. On 20th July 1956, Government of India established the First Post Graduate Training Centre in Ayurveda (PGTCA) at Jamnagar and started two-year postgraduate course viz. “Higher Proficiency in Ayurveda (H.P.A.)”. In 1962, both the Institutes were merged and renamed as Institute for Ayurvedic studies and Research to form (IASR). In 1965, IASR and Gulab Kunwarba Ayurvedic college were merged, on lease, under a MOU between Government of India, Gulab Kunwarba Ayurvedic Society and Govt. of Gujarat to establish Gujarat Ayurved University, by the Act of Gujarat State and started offering MSAM degree till 1972, First for two years and then for three years. In 1973, a three year Post Graduate Degree of Ayurveda- (M.D.(Ayu.)) was introduced in place of MSAM after the introduction of IMCC Act, 1970 and in the year1975 First batch of M.D. (Ayu) passed out. In 1977, the provision for the award of Ph.D. degree was also made by the University, in I.P.G.T.& R.A. Post Graduates of this Institute are managing various premier Institutions of Ayurveda in Indian and abroad as well. Presently this institute is fully financed by Govt. of India under central finance scheme and governed by the acts of Gujarat Ayurved University. Board of Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda is the governing body for the Institute. The Institute has been recently recognized as “WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine (Ayurveda)”, the first and only one WHO - CC for Ayurveda all over the world. The Institute has conducted various projects under WHO - Country Office collaboration. Under this scheme Institute has prepared Manual on simple Ayurvedic herbal formulations for common ailments, International Catalogue of Ayurvedic Publications, Standardization of Ayurvedic Clinical Terminology, Model Recruitment and promotion rules for AYUSH Personnel and Development of Pharmacovigilance Resource Centre for AYUSH. At present, the institute is having 10 departments (offering post graduate degree in 13 specialties) and six well established laboratories with 52 admission capacity in P.G. course of Ayurveda and 20 Stipendiary Ph.D. seats two in each department. Institute also conducts M. Pharma (Ayurveda), http://M.Sc. (Medicinal Plants) and Ph.D in both course under self-finance course system. Since 2006, this institute is also offering Postgraduate courses in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences and MSc(Medicinal Plants) under Self Finance Scheme. Since 1992 this institute is also offering three months introductory courses of Ayurveda for international scholars. Presently this institute is fully Financed by Govt. of India under central Finance scheme and governed by the acts and statute of Gujarat Ayurved University and Board of Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda as the governing body. Scientific Advisory Committee and Academic Committee are the other statutory bodies guiding the institute in the field of teaching and research. Since then, more than 1607 scholars have acquired PG and 253 scholars have been acquired Ph.D. Degree from this Institute. Post Graduates of this Institute are managing various premier Institutions of Ayurveda in India and abroad as well. Recently 5th April, 2013 this institute has been 33 declared as WHO Collaborative Centre for Traditional Medicine (Ayurveda) in India. The institute has its own missions, visions and objectives MISSION  Global Propagation of Ayurveda VISION  To serve as custodian of classical Ayurvedic knowledge,  To develop competent human resources of teaching and research in Ayurveda. OBJECTIVES  To serve as custodian of classical Ayurvedic knowledge, endeavour to _ine tune the available knowledge of classical Ayurveda to meet the present day requirements by incorporating advances made in basic sciences to serve the requirement of global health care needs. It will also serve as centre of learning in all aspects of Ayurveda.  To prepare competent Ayurvedic manpower for teaching and research.  Ultimately to propagate Ayurveda throughout the globe. During the reporting year, total 52 students were admitted in M.D. (Ayu) / M.S. (Ayu) (SC-5, ST-6, Foreigners-3) course out of which 32 were females. Total 20 students were registered for Ph.D. course on stipendiary seats and 03 under non stipendiary, among them 13 were females. During the current year, 10 students took admission in M Pharma (Ayurveda) course out of which 04 females and 05 Ph.D. under Self Finance Scheme out of which 03 females. As a Part of international activity, institute conducts various programs for International scholars. During the year the regular three months introductory course for foreigners was conducted from November with 06 students. From the various countries of international students are studying in PhD/M.D.(Ayu) / M.S. (Ayu)/ M Pharma(Ayu). The faculty of the institute is regularly visiting foreign countries on deputation by Govt. of India or on invitation from foreign NGOs. This year Prof P. K. Prajapati and Prof Anup Thakar visited Colombo, Srilanka for keynote lecture and Prof P. K. Prajapati and Dr. Galib attended 7th meeting for WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine at Milan, Italy. This institute is recognized as an International hub of Ayurveda. Every year more than 50 foreigners visit for various short and long term courses. University has MoUs with more than 10 International organizations for which I.P.G.T. & R.A. is the implementing agency. The institute has well established library equipped with RFID system. It had a huge collection of 30,000 books, around 4000 manuscripts in different languages like Sanskrit, Pali, Gujarati. Out of these; around 500 manuscripts of Ayurveda have been digitized and available on net. Workshop and seminar: The Institute being a premier institution of Ayurveda, in India, accepted the role of leader in Ayurvedic education and clinical management. During the year 2015-2016, one National Workshop on Panchakarma – A Contemporary approach was organized during 20th and 21st July 2014. Institute one workshop on “Basic Level workshop on manuscriptology and paleography” was organized during 11th – 31st January 2016. Research Activities: Institute conducts researches at different levels. During this reporting period 47(AYU) thesis work; 11 under M Pharma(Ayu) research work were completed. Publications: Institute is publishing quarterly peer reviewed journal 'AYU', 4 issues of the Journal have been published during the reporting year. The AYU journal has been listed in PubMed central and is freely available on web Free full text articles from AYU. Research Publications: During the year total 243 articles in peer reviewed journals with ISSN number were published in National, international journals, E journals / proceedings / souvenir etc., 04 books, 02 monographs, 04 articles in peer reviewed journals without ISSN number and 11 articles in seminar proceding were published. Patient care: This institute has a well-managed Hospital with O.P.D. and I.P.D. facilities. Daily average patient attendance has increased more than 1019 per day and during the year total 266302 patients were treated at out-door level which included 142196 female and 17707 children. The average bed occupancy of 200 bedded hospital was 76.91%. The Panchakarma section of the 34 hospital is providing facilities to the patients and during the year nearly 65757 Panchakarma procedures were performed on the patients out of whom 38935 were females and Stree Roga & Prasooti Tantra section conducted more than 7280 Panchakarma procedures, Kaumarbhritya 9750 and Shalakya department has conducted 7160 Kriya Kalpa like Tarpan, Putapaka, Vidalaka etc. procedures along with Shalya tantra conducted para surgical procedures like Kshara Karma (10727), Rakta Mokshana (174), Agni Karma (298) and Vranaropana (2780). The Institute is organizing various out - reach activities for National programs and conducted medical camps in rural areas of Gujarat. During the year Health Checkup Camps in 14 Schools, 11 specialty camps were also organized in the campus for the diseases like Glaucoma, Piles, Retinal disorder, Osteoporosis, Allergic Rhinitis and Dental disorders. Besides these 21 special health camps were organized where more than 5859 patients were benefited free health services. This Institute attained a special mile stone and conducting weekly OPDs at all the three Defense establishments in Jamnagar. Total 07 satellite clinics in the form of weekly O.P.D.'s are being conducted at Sasoi garden, Indian Naval Services, Valsura, Air Force Base, Army Camp, District jail, Vatsalyadham Old age home at Vasai village and Shri Jam Ranjitsinh Niradhar Ashram (old age home) situated at Jamnagar. Finance: During the year, total Rs. 2088.54 Lacs were received as Non Plan Grant & Rs. 672.90 Lacs as Plan grant from the Department of AYUSH, Govt. of India which was fully utilized. The institute is trying its best to set the highest standards of teaching and research in Ayurveda. Institute has continuously increased hospital OPD and IPD attendance of patients and serving the goal of popularizing the Ayurveda and better health care of citizens. (iv) National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bengaluru: National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, an autonomous organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, established as a premier institute for the development and growth of Unani System of Medicine in the field of teaching, training, research and patient care. The campus of the institute spread over 50 acres of land houses Academic Block, Hospital, Administrative Block, Residential Block, Library, Guest House, Indoor Games Hall, separate boys’ and girls’ Hostels, Canteen, Pharmacy unit, Animal House, Drug Museum / Herbarium, Herbal Garden, Central Instrumentation Facility Laboratory, Drug Standardization Laboratory, and other laboratories attached to academics and hospital. An Auditorium, Canteen, extension of pharmacy building, Regimenal therapy block and Hamam were also constructed. The Institute is affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, Karnataka, Bangalore and offers post graduate courses in eight disciplines of Unani Medicine, viz. Moalejat (Medicine), Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), Tahafuzzi wa Samaji Tib (Preventive and Social Medicine), Amraze Niswan wa Qabalat (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Ilmus Saidla (Unani Pharmacy), Kulliyat Umoore Tabbiya (Basic principles of Unani Medicine), Ilaj Bit Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) and Jarahat (Surgery). The Institute offices Ph. D in in Moalajat and Ilmul Advia is likely to be started from session 2015-16. The institute is trying its best to set the highest standards of teaching and research in Unani System of Medicine and is serving the goal of popularizing the Unani Medicine and better health care of citizens. The Hospital of the institute is having an OPD wing as well as IPD with 180 beds, with separate wards for male and female. Clinical services are provided to the patients from general OPD as well as specialized OPDs such as Skin diseases, GIT and Hepato-Billiary disorders, Neuro-rehabilitation, Psychiatric and Geriatric care. Besides, a separate unit for Regimental Therapy has also been established in the hospital. Patients from different part of Karnataka as well as from neighbouring states visit the hospital to avail the treatment. The Academic departments of the institute are conducting research to validate Unani concepts and generate data for safety and efficacy of Unani drugs. The main areas of researches are pre clinical, clinical and basic principles of Unani System of Medicine. The quality of research is maintained by the Institutional Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, and Scientific Advisory Groups. Research papers of faculty members and P.G. Scholars are being regularly published in standard National and International journals. The Institute publishes two Bi-annual, peer reviewed Journals namely, ‘Journal of Research in Unani Medicine’ in English and ‘Tarjuman-e- Tib’ in Urdu as well as Newsletter. The Institute regularly 35 organizes academic events like CMEs, Workshops, Seminars and Guest Lectures. Faculty members are also deputed to various training programmes to update their professional skills. The institute actively participates in AROGYA Melas held across the country to popularize Unani Systems of Medicine. Apart from this the institute regularly conducting in and around Bangalore Free Unani medical camps to the needy people. The institute organized a three day international conference from 25-27 October, 2016 on the theme ‘Unani Medicine from Tradition to Evidence based medicines” The objective was to review and validate the treasure house of medicine inherited from the past, evaluate, assess, disseminate orient and grant the people towards a better unani practice, training and teaching 46 invited resoum paron, UL oral and scientific paper, 166 poster presentation covered in 3 day conference 22 invited speakers out of which 7 from various foreign countries of South Africa, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, U.K. showed their expertise in the conference. (v) National Institute of Siddha (NIS), Chennai: The National Institute of Siddha (NIS), Chennai established in 2004, as an autonomous organization under the control of Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, is being developed as a Center of Excellence for Siddha system of medicine (website: National Institute of Siddha, Chennai, IN). The Institute has been established the Government of India as a joint venture with the Government of Tamil Nadu under the Societies (Registration) Act 1975. The Institute offers Post Graduate courses in six specialized branches of Siddha Medicine viz. Maruthuvam 2) Gunapadam 3) Sirappu Maruthuvam 4) Kuzhandai Maruthuvam 5) Noi Naadal and 6) Nanjunoolum Maruthuva Neethinoolum with varying admission capacity of 7-8 seats in each branch and altogether 46 including 1 from BIMSTEC countries. Presently 46 students (Siddha graduates) get admitted every year in the first year of M.D (Siddha) course in the aforementioned 6 branches through an entrance examination followed by single window counseling by NIS. This Institute is affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R.Medical University, Chennai for Academic and Examination purposes and follows the Syllabus and Curriculum prescribed by the Central Council of Indian Medicine as adopted by the University. Separate hostels for men and women students with facility for 24 hours security and also staff-nurse hostel are available within our campus. Solar water heater, a man-made pond, sewage water recycling plants, herbal house, herbal garden, animal house, auditorium, library, yoga hall and a guest house are other facilities available in NIS. NIS is also recognized by The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R.Medical University for six specialties of Siddha Medicine for conduct of Ph.D programme under the guidance of recognized guides of Siddha faculty members with stipend under two SRF for each specialties sanctioned by Ministry of AYUSH. The Institute is actively engaged in clinical and preclinical studies, physio-chemical analysis of Siddha drugs and fundamental researches. The quality of P.G.students’ and Ph.D scholars’ research is being monitored by the Institutional Ethics Committee and Institutional Animal Ethics Committee in addition to the guides. INFRASTRUCTURE: The National Institute of Siddha is located at Grand Southern Trunk Road, Tambaram Sanatorium, Chennai. It is functioning in its own campus, situated on a plot of land measuring 14.78 acres. It is attached with Ayothidoss Pandithar Hospital - A well-built hospital for OPD and IPD with its 200 bed strength which is functioning on all 365 days of the year. There are separate buildings for Hospital (OPD/IPD), Teaching Blocks and Administration. The Hospital is equipped with ECG, X-ray, BioChemistry, Microbiology, Pathology, Siddha Pharmacology and Siddha Pathology laboratories for delivering health care services and research activities. Auditorium with 160 seating capacity and a Resident-Medical-Officer quarter are also available in the campus. A Guest House with accommodation facility of 4 suits is available in the campus. An Animal House Laboratory with housing facility of Rats, Mice and Guinea Pigs for dissertation / research related activities of students / faculty members is also available. A herbal garden with more than 300 species of plants and well maintained garden exist in the campus. LIBRARY: Library has a large collection of 11922 books in the subjects of Siddha Medicine, Medicinal Plants and other areas of Modern Medicine in Tamil and English language. Besides this Library has 277 Dissertation books of M.D(S) students and 203 bound journals for reference and research purpose. The Library subscribes to 20 National Journals in the field of Pharmacy and Medicine for research scholars. The Library uses e-granthalya Library software for housekeeping 36 operations. The main activities including Book acquisition, Cataloguing and Circulation have been automated. The catalogue of books is available on the web (OPAC). PATIENT CARE ACTIVITIES The Ayothidoss Pandithar Hospital attached with the Institute provides free Siddha medical care on all 365 days of year from 8.00 AM to 12.00 Noon in OPD and 24 hours service in IPD. The patient care service is catered by the PG Scholars and faculty members and the out patient census ranges from 2000 to 2500 per day. The Inpatient facility provides medical care with bed earmarked to clinical PG departments. A payment ward with 12 beds is also available. Along with the OPD & IPD services external therapies like Varmam, Thokkanam, Leech Therapy, Pattru, Ottradam, Pugai, Suttigai and Yogam are also provided to the needy patients. An exclusive Karanool OP (Surgical threading) is also functioning to provide treatment for conditions like Hemorrhoids, Fistula, abscess, cancerous lesions etc., and also for cleansing & dressing certain conditions of wounds, abrasions, bruises and burns. The weekly special OPs for Diabetes, Cardiac Diseases & Bronchial Asthma, Geriatrics, Gynecology, Yogam & Kayakalpam (Rejuvenation), Obesity, Cosmetology, Infertility, Renal Diseases & Hypertension, and Cancer are being run on the afternoon of specified week days to provide focused consultation, counseling and medicines to the visiting patients from 2.00 PM to 4.00 PM. The Institute is organizing five medical camps on every Saturday in Rural, Semi Urban and Urban areas as part of Swasthya Rakshan programme in five areas linking with Swachh Bharat Mission to provide free medical facilities to promote the Siddha Medicine as well as imparting community oriented approach to students. ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE REPORTING YEAR 2016  NIS got sanctioned to Forty six (46) students into P.G. Courses in Six branches for fulfilling CCIM norms during 2016 and entrance examination is scheduled to be held in the month of October 2016 followed by single window counseling for PG admission.  Thirty Three (33) students have successfully completed post graduation i.e. M.D [Siddha] during the year 2015-2016 and were awarded degree from The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai.  During 2015-16, 7.41 lakhs of patients visits made in OPD and 60874 patient days treated in IPD with a bed-occupancy of 83%. An average reporting at OPD per day has increased from 1934 during 2014- 15 to 2033 during 2015-16. During 2016- 17, 3.21 lakhs of patient visits recorded in OPD upto 31st August 2016. In IPD, 28804 patient days treated with bed occupancy of 94% during 2016-17 upto 31-08-2016. Out of the total patients reported at OPD 51% and 49% were male and female respectively.  NIS is participating in Conferences and Workshops related to AYUSH and presenting the scientific papers for disseminating the research results.  NIS ensured its active participation in AROGYA Melas throughout the year, organized by the Ministry of AYUSH, Govt.of India and providing interview / public query programme through Doordarshan Television channel and All India Radio with a view to popularize the Siddha Medicine and thereby to extend the benefits of Siddha in the health care management of people.  As per the direction of Ministry of AYUSH, National Institute of Siddha has successfully celebrated the International Day of Yoga on 21-6-2016 for promoting Harmony and Peace through Yoga.  “Azaadi70” “Independence70” was also celebrated from 9th to 23rd August 2016 by undertaking various activities viz. Visit to Freedom Fighter’s house, Independence Day run, Competitions on life & history of icons of freedom struggle and Sports events etc involving faculty and students to focus on the theme of “Yaadkaro Qurbani” learning about the sacrifices in the freedom struggle.  Hindi competitions conducted during the Hindi Divas/Week/Fortnight celebration in the year 2016.  As a part of NABH accreditation process, a three days Programme on Implementation 37 (POI) was conducted from 31st August 2016 to 2nd September 2016. Ongoing Major works:  This Institute has been permitted to undertake the work of construction of new OPD Block at a cost of Rs.31,65,95,000 (Rupees Thirty One Crore Sixty Five Lakhs Ninety Five Thousands only) and work awarded to CPWD for commencing the work. Future Plan:  Establishing Pharmacy in a land allotted by the Tamil Nadu Government for manufacturing necessary medicines for NIS and developing specialized medicines with budget support from Ministry of AYUSH FINANCIAL SET-UP: The Ministry of AYUSH provides the funds required for the Institute every year under Plan Expenditure. BUDGET (in Crores) Head Plan NonPlan Total Budget Estimate 2016-17 28.00 - 28.00 Revised Estimate 2016-17 - - - Expenditure upto 31-08-2016 14.07 - 14.07 Inauguration of NABH – POI of Siddha Standards in NIS on 31-8-2016 by Prof.Dr.S.Geethalakshmi, Vice Chancellor, The T.N.Dr.MGR Medical University 38 Prof.Dr.S.Geethalakshmi Vice-Chancellor of The T.N.Dr.MGR Medical University along with Prof.Dr.V.Banumathi inaugurates NABH-POI of Siddha Standards in NIS on 31-8-2016. Independence Day run led by Prof. Dr. V. Banumathii, Director (vi) Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), is an autonomous organization under Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. MDNIY is a focal Institute for Planning, Training, Promotion and coordination of Yoga Education, Training, Therapy and Research in all its aspects. Objectives  To act as centre of excellence in Yoga;  To develop, promote and propagate the science and art of Yoga; and  To provide and promote facilities of training, teaching and research to fulfil the above two objectives. Vision & Mission Health, Happiness & Harmony for all through Yoga The Institute is to provide best of Yoga Education, Training, Therapy and Research facilities to Yoga aspirants. The aim of the Institute is to promote deeper understanding of Yoga philosophy and practices based on classical Yoga amongst the people. Teaching Departments: The Institute is manned with the following 8 (eight) teaching Departments: 1. Department of Yoga Education 2. Department of Yoga Therapy 3. Department of Yoga Philosophy 4. Department of Yoga and Human Consciousness 5. Department of Anatomy 6. Department of Physiology 7. Department of Allied Sciences 8. Department of Languages These Teaching Departments are also supported by: 1. Department of Yoga Research 2. Department of Communication & Documentation 3. Department of Administration i. Establishment ii. General Administration iii. Store & Purchase iv. Accounts 39 Yoga Educational Programmes  B. Sc. (Yoga Science) has been started from the year 2012-13. It’s a regular course of three years duration for 10+2 students (minimum aggregate of 50% in Physics, Chemistry and Biology provided that the candidate has passed in each subject separately) with intake capacity of 60 every year, affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi. The 5th batch of the course (2016-17) has been started through CET of GGSIP University. 26 students have taken admission 2016-17.  Diploma in Yogic Science (DYSc.) for Graduates of One Year duration is being conducted with intake capacity of 120. During the year 2016-17, total 119 students have taken admission.  Certificate Course in Yoga Science for the Special Interest Target Group (ParaMilitary Personnel): the first batch of this 3 ½ months regular course has been started with 103 candidates since January, 2015. The 11th & 12th batch of the course is under progress with 115 candidates. Yoga Training Programmes  Certificate Course in Yogasana and Certificate Course in Pranayama and Meditation for Health Promotion, a part time course of 3 months (120 hours) duration have been started. The 11 batch of these programmes is undergoing the Yoga training.  Foundation Course in Yoga Science for Wellness of 1 month (50 hrs) duration is being conducted for general public. Total 12 batches have been conducted and 1533 participants were admitted for this programme during the period under report.  Yoga and Health Promotion Programmes of one hour each from 6.00 AM to 7.30 PM (as per time schedules) were conducted on all working days for the general public, working executives, women, children etc. Total 4647 people were benefited from these programmes. Weekend Yoga Programme was conducted where more than 431 participants were benefited.  The students of DYSc. course have conducted the Yoga camps in Delhi and NCR and 2816 people have been benefitted by these camps.  The Yoga Workshop for Children was organized in the month of May & June, 2016 and 69 children participated in the workshop.  The Institute is providing Yoga training facilities in many Govt. Organizations and RWAs on part-time basis.  The Institute has provided technical support to DOPT to start Yoga training programme in Grih Kalyan Kendras under DOPT in NCR Delhi during 2015-16. The programme is being conducted successfully. Yoga Therapy Programmes  The Institute has Yoga OPD, works from 8.00 AM to 4.30 PM on all working days.  Equipped with Pathology Lab, BioChemistry Lab, X-Ray unit, Sleep Lab, etc.  Providing consultation by Senior Medical Officer, Yoga Therapists, dietician and Naturopathy physicians.  Yoga Health Care Programmes of one hour each from 6.00 AM to 6.30 PM (as per time schedules) were conducted on all working days 2318 patients were benefited.  Individual Yoga Therapy Sessions were organized where more than 443 individual sessions were conducted. Yoga Therapy Centers in AYUSH /Allopathic Hospitals The Institute has established for Yoga Therapy Centres in Delhi where Yoga consultation and Yoga therapy classes from 9.00 AM to 4.00 PM are being conducted. Total 12, 589 patients were treated during the period through Yoga Therapy. Preventive Health Care Units of Yoga in CGHS Dispensaries 40 The Institute has established 19 Preventive Health Care Units of Yoga in CGHS Dispensaries in Delhi and NCR and conducting Yoga sessions from 8.00 AM to 3.00 PM on all working days (including Saturday). During the period under report, total 15, 581 patients were by these Preventive Health Care Units of Yoga. International Day of Yoga Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga actively participated in International Day of Yoga on June 21. The institute played a pivotal role in making the event a grand success. Common Yoga Protocol and Yoga DVD’s for IDY were prepared by the Institute in consultation with eminent Yoga Experts and the officials of various Ministries, Govt. of India. Publication & Propagation  The Institute is involved in propagation of Yoga through print and electronic media.  MDNIY has as many as 40 priced publications.  It has published several useful IEC materials including Yoga charts both in Hindi and English.  The Institute participated in National and International events like Health exhibition, AROGYA, Health Mela, Seminars, Conferences etc. WHO Collaborating Centre Designation of Institute for Department of Yoga Therapy & Training, Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi as WHOCC in Traditional Medicine (WHOCC No. IND-118). MDNIY has attained the privilege to be the only WHO Collaborating Centre in the world to engage in achieving Yoga specific outcomes. Considering the global demand and popularity of Yoga for health care, MDNIY has a lot to offer as WHO Collaborating Centre by generating information and documents of Yoga for the use of all Member States of WHO. This is a vintage point for the Institute to indulge in focused activities and yield globally acceptable outcomes. The Four Terms of Reference are: 1. To serve as Yoga Resource Centre for information exchange on Yoga within the country and for other countries. 2. To assist and work with WHO in developing standards for promoting rational use of Yoga. 3. To develop and practice materials for advocating evidence-based use of Yoga. 4. To conduct customized training programmes for National and International health professionals and WHO fellows about the utility of Yoga in health promotion. The following four work-plans are to be taken up under WHO CC: 1. Preparation and dissemination of consumer information on proper use of Yoga.(Activity ID 13680) 2. Organization of capacity building workshops and training programmes on the role, scope, practice and evidencebased use of Yoga in non-communicable disease. .(Activity ID 16381) 3. Development and dissemination of standardized health promotion Yoga modules for various target groups (Children, Adolescents and Women of Reproductive age, Geriatric population and Mental health promotion). .(Activity ID 16382) 4. Meta-analysis of Yoga research studies for documentation and promotion of evidencebased uses of Yoga. .(Activity ID 16383) The first and second work-plan under the WHOCC has been started and it is in the final stage of completion. Facilities & other activities  The Institute is centrally located in the Lutyens zone of New Delhi. New State-ofArt complex with  Air conditioned and ultra-modern building which includes Auditorium, Conference Hall, Kriya Block, Class Rooms, Lecture Hall, Pathology lab, Sleep lab, etc. along with Ultra-Modern Teaching facilities.  Conducive atmosphere for Yoga Sadhana.  State of the art Library with more than 14436 volumes.  Learning Resource Centre (LRC) with Xerox, Computer Centre, Multi-media, Internet and other facilities.  Healthy Food Cafeteria facilities.  Highly qualified and experienced teaching staff which includes Honorary/Visiting Professors and Guest Faculty from various eminent Institutions. 41 (vii) National Institute of Naturopathy (NIN), Pune: National Institute of Naturopathy, Pune, registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860 was established in 1986 at Bapu Bhawan with an objective of promotion and propagation of Naturopathy in the country and to encourage research in the field of Naturopathic medicine for prevention and cure of diseases and promotion of healthy living.  MAJOR ACTIVITIES:  ACQUISITION of about 25 Acres of LAND from Dept. of Health, Govt. of Maharashtra for starting ‘Nisarg Gram’ – (establishment of Naturopathy Hospital, Medical College, Research Unit and Gandhi Memorial) by NIN at Pune.  NEW TREATMENT SECTION BUILDLING: The Inauguration of the New OPD and naming the building as “Dr. Dinshaw Mehta Memorial OPD” was done by Shri Shripad Yesso Naik, Hon’ble Minister of State, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India; Shri Dilip Kamble, Hon’ble Minister for Social Justice and Tribal Development, Govt. of Maharashtra and Shri Anil Shirole, Hon’ble Member of Parliament, Pune, in the presence of Shri Nilanjan Sanyal, IAS, Secretary, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India on 21stNov, 2014.  ONGOING ACTIVITIES: NIN has an OPD clinic with free consultation services where various Naturopathy treatments are given to the patients at nominal rates. Outdoor OPD clinic of NIN with consultation facilities and treatment is functional from 11 am to 6 pm (Monday to Friday) at Fr. Agnel Ashram, Wadgaonsheri, Pune. On every 2nd Second Saturday full day workshop is conducted for the benefit of general public on Healthy life style, naturopathy treatments, yoga sessions, etc. The institute also conducts 8 batches of Yoga classes daily. NIN is having a Pathology Lab., Medi Gym, Acupressure Treatment Section, Acupuncture Unit, Physio-Therapy Section where health seekers are given services for health maintenance. On the eve of 1st International Day of Yoga, NIN started Therapeutic Yoga Section in its premises which was inaugurated by Hon’ble Member of Parliament; Shri Anil Shirole. This new facility at NIN will offer Therapeutic (one to one) Yoga to the deserving patients - for pre & post maternal yoga. Every month NIN conducts every Month two days’ workshop on 3rd Saturday & Sunday for training of trainers (TOT) in association with Satara Zilha Parishad, Maharashtra. New OPD Building Medi Gym. 42  The Institute publishes “Nisarogpachar varta” a Bilingual magazine (Hindi/English) every month. Publication Health Products at Health Shop Library  NIN reprinted rare text book" Rational Hydrotherapy" Book– a classical work by the American Naturopath Dr. J. H. Kellogg and the copies are available for sale. 2nd edition of “Naturopathic Diet & Recipe” Book, available. CD on Naturopathy Treatment Modalities and activities of NIN. Published a Handbook on Basic Yoga for Beginners in the year 2012.  NIN has a Library with lending and reading facilities with 9000 books and national and international journals.  A Health Shop is being run where natural food, products, drinks, chemical-free powders, oils, Naturopathy equipment like enema can, packs, etc. are sold to public. Also, books on Naturopathy, Yoga and other Health subjects and various instruments used in the treatment of Naturopathy are sold here.  NIN is running a Naturopathic Diet Centre providing simple, bland, non-spicy, non gravy food preparation to the general public and patients who visit this institute. People are also provided and served breakfast & lunch, vegetable juices, fruit juices, etc.  National Institute of Naturopathy conducts a training programme on every 3rd Saturday and Sunday of the month in collaboration with Satara Zilla Parishad since April 2016. This, ’Training of Trainers (ToT)’ includes Primary teachers, Anganwadi sevika, Asha workers, Multipurpose health workers of Satara district, not exceeding 200 in number in each batch. The main objective of this training program is to propagate “holistic health through naturopathy & yoga” and, to increase the interest of the participants to use naturopathy and yoga tools in their work and by better understanding of nature cure & yoga methods. Moreover, these ToT’s will act as vehicle in taking Nature cure & Yoga to grass root level as they are working in rural areas.  NIN is conducting one-year full time Treatment Assistant Training Course (TATC) for male and female with a monthly stipend of Rs. 5000/- p.m. / student. Intake capacity is 80.  NIN is giving internship training to BNYS internees coming from various Naturopathy Colleges across the country with monthly stipend of Rs.3500/- p.m.  NIN conducts Continuous Medical Education (CME) programs and workshops for Naturopathy graduates. NIN conducts Orientation training programs on Naturopathy and yoga for Doctors of other systems of medicine.  NIN also conducts Women empowerment programme for Lady Doctors and other women.  NIN participates in exhibitions all over India to propagate and promote the science of Naturopathy.  NIN also organizes Natural Health Food Fair and Yoga Naturopathy seminars with demonstration of yoga and exhibitions.  NIN organizes “Cookery Classes” every year at the institute. Preparation of variety 43 of vegetables fruit Juices, salads, non spicy, oil free curries, millet, gruels, etc. are taught in these classes with demonstration and full participation of the participants.  A unique activity of NIN is the sanatorium for HIV+ve individuals at Panchagani, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra where they are treated under Naturopathy and Yoga life style modifications and treatment modalities. Their stay, food and treatment is offered free keeping in view of the social stigma attached to this disease.  A new well equipped Pathology Lab with the objective of Research. All kinds of routine tests and special tests like HIV test, CD4 count, Tridot, Spirometry, etc. are done at subsidized rates.  Research Desk: NIN’s research desk is actively involved in in-house research activities individually and also in collaboration with other institutes. Till date NIN published 18 Research papers and 7 ongoing projects and 4 papers are under review.  NIN conducts outreach health care programs under the banner of Ayushaman Bharat as part of Swachha Bharat Abhiyan.  A well planned Public Grievance System, RTI Cell, Vigilance Cell, Gender harassment redressal Committee (ICC) is in place.  Free Acupressure Treatment is given to patients for six days in a week.  Medi- Gym as part of its treatment facility for the patients especially with neuro muscular problems and arthritis. It is also attracting large number of youngsters and the membership has grown beyond 100.  NIN proposes to start ‘Nisarg Gram’ project (to establish Naturopathy Hospital, Medical College and Research Unit at Kondhwa, Pune within the campus of 10 Hectares Land, very soon. (viii) National Institute of Homoeopathy (NIH), Kolkata: National Institute of Homoeopathy was established on 10th December 1975 in Kolkata as an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. The Institute imparts education in Homeopathy serving as a model institution for other schools across the country. The Institute was affiliated to the University of Calcutta up to session 2003-04 and from 2004-05 has been affiliated to the West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata. Mission of NIH The mission of National Institute of Homoeopathy is to foster excellence in Homoeopathic Medical Education and Research, to educate and train undergraduate, post graduate students and research scholars of homoeopathy in accordance with highest professional standards and ethical values unfettered by the barriers of nationality, language, culture, plurality, religion and to meet the healthcare needs of the community through dissemination of knowledge and service. Vision of NIH: National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, aspires to be India’s most energetic and responsive organisation, offering unparalleled educational opportunities in homoeopathy for learner community seeking the highest quality undergraduate, post graduate, and continuing personal or professional enrichment in higher education and selected professions that will lead to formation of scholarly community serving the nation by advancing, sharing and applying knowledge, and by facilitating the development of thoughtful, creative, adaptable, contributing and humane citizens. Objectives of NIH: 1. To promote the growth and develop Homoeopathy; 2. To produce graduates and post graduates in Homoeopathy; 3. To conduct research on various aspect of Homoeopathy; 4. To provide medical care through Homoeopathy to the suffering humanity; 5. To provide and assist in providing Services and facilities for research, evaluation, training, consultation and guidance related to Homoeopathy; 6. To conduct experiments and develop patterns of teaching in under graduate and post graduate education on various aspects of Homoeopathy. Management The Chief Executive Officer of the Institute is the Director. A Governing Body constituted by the Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, controls the functioning of the Institute. The President of the Governing Body is the Hon’ble Union Minister of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India. The regular activities of 44 the Institute are monitored by the Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, on behalf of the Governing Body. Campus National Institute of Homoeopathy is located in the most planned and developed area of Salt Lake city of Kolkata. It is functioning in its own campus, situated on a plot of land measuring about 16 acres at Block-GE, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700106. Construction of the first phase (G + 7) of the new Academic-cum-Library building has been completed. A well-built hospital is also within the campus. The hospital has been expanded from its present bed strength of 100 to 250. For undergraduate students Boys’ hostel [(UG) (300 accommodation)], Girls’ hostel (112 accommodation) and an auditorium with 500 seating capacity are available in the campus. Quarters for Residential Medical Officers are also available in the campus. The residential campus of the Institute is located on a plot of land measuring about 10 acres at JC block, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700098, in close vicinity to the main campus. An International Hostel with all modern facilities for accommodating students from abroad, separate PG hostels for boys and girls along with 24 residential quarters for the employees of the Institute is also available in the same campus. Herbal Garden stretched over land area about of 25 acres at Kalyani (about 60 km. from Kolkata) is maintained by the Institute, envisaged for acclimatising exotic species of plants, and to build a repository of authentic specimens of medicinal plants for use by students and researchers. Special Administrative Activities: Many of the vacant teaching posts have been filled up. Following regular appointments has been made in the Institute: 1. Lecturer – 04 2. Nurse (Grade-I) - 01 3. Physiotherapist -01 Moreover, following contractual appointments (for 01 year only) has also been made in the Institute: 1. Reader - 08 2. Lecturer - 03 Academic Activities This Institute, at present conducts the degree course in Homoeopathy i.e., Bachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery [B.H.M.S.] since 1987 and Post - Graduate course i.e. Doctor of Medicine in Homoeopathy [M.D. (Hom.)] since 1998. At present PG course is offered in six subjects viz. Organon of Medicine, Materia Medica, Repertory, Homoeopathic Pharmacy, Practice of Medicine and Paediatrics. These courses are recognized by the Central Council of Homoeopathy. The Institute is affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata for both these courses. Hospital Services The Institute has a Hospital consisting of Out Patient and In-patient departments caters medical services through its Hospital situated in the main campus & peripheral OPD at Kalyani, with a nominal charge for investigations and other services. 306855 patients were attended in OPD at NIH Salt Lake Complex and 3289 patients were attended in Kalyani peripheral OPD. The hospital has investigation facilities viz. Clinical Pathology, Biochemistry, Radiology, Ultra-Sonography and ECG etc. The Institute has been presently providing Indoor facilities through 100 bedded hospitals of which 08 beds are earmarked for Surgery, and 4 for Maternity. The Institute has an Operation Theatre. New apparatus / instruments, such as Pulse Oxymeter, Diatheramy, Portable X-ray and Endoscopy etc. have been introduced in the operation theatre. Orthopaedic surgery has also started. The Institute has a Labour room and undertakes antenatal / post-natal care of the mother and child and also giving clinical training to the Under-graduate students. Peripheral Medical Services Every year the Institute organises a medical camp at Gangasagar Mela during Makar Sankranti in South 24 Parganas, District (W.B.) to provide Homoeopathic treatment on the spot to ailing pilgrims coming from all over the country. One peripheral OPD at Kalyani in Nadia District (WB) is running in full swing. Research Activities The Research Wing of the Institute is conducting Clinical Research on the following:- a. Thyroid Diseases b. Psoriasis c. Spondylitis 45 Library & Information Services This division has more than 21000 documents (macro & micro) including rare homoeopathy treatises. There are 1042 bound journals, 61 periodicals are subscribed regularly and 43 periodicals have been received as gift. It provides various services i.e. Documentation, Reference, Referral, CAS, SDI, Document delivery, Internet etc. to the in-house readers. Book Bank service is also functioning. The department of LIS also provides Information support on Homoeopathy to the Interns, PG students and the Homoeopathic fraternity as a whole. Other Activities Medical camp was organized during Ganga Sagar Mela providing 24 hours round the clock service. The Institute also participated in different fairs such as Chikitsa Fair organized Indian Chamber of Commerce at Kolkata, AROGYA Fairs at Hyderabad and Bhopal. Seminars and Workshops A well equipped Seminar Hall is available for holding seminars and clinical workshops. The different departments are conducting regular weekly seminars on important topics and clinical case presentations where the post graduate trainees, Interns and faculty members take active participation. Time to time special seminars/workshops is being conducted where some eminent teachers/homoeopaths from different parts of country present their views and share their experiences with the postgraduate trainees and faculty members. The Institute conducts Reorientation Training Program in different subjects of Homoeopathy as well as CME program from time to time. Bulletin: The Institute publishes a quarterly bulletin incorporating scientific articles contributed by NIH faculties and students. (IX) All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi. (AIIA) A. Introduction: Within a short duration of its establishment, All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) has gained wide national and International recognition. With an aim to facilitate quality research aimed at bridging gaps in the scientific information about quality, safety and efficacy of Ayurveda products and developing benchmarks of Ayurvedic education, research and healthcare for other institutions to follow, AIIA has been actively working in this direction. B. Objectives of AIIA: 1. To provide postgraduate/doctoral and post doctoral teaching, research facilities and quality patient care services under the Ayurveda system of medicine. 2. To act as referral hospital and a “Centre of Excellence” to set highest standards of education, research, patient care and also function as a model center for international collaboration. 3. To act as a model institute to show strength, efficacy and popularity of Ayurveda. The institute will be used for promoting Ayurveda in India and abroad. 4. To provide services in specialties like Panchakarma, Kayachikitsa, Vata-Vyadhi, Rasayana, Kayakalpa, Twacha-Roga (Skin disorders), Vajikarana, Shalya Tantra, Kshara evam Anushastra Karma (Jalauka and Rakta Mokshan, Agni Karma etc.), Marma Chikitsa, Vrikka Roga (Nephrology), Mutra roga (Urology), Shalakya (Eye, ENT and Dental disorders), Stri Roga and Prasuti Tantra, Bal Roga, Rog Nidan, Lifestyle and Metabolic disorders, Yoga and Swasthavritta, Ayurveda Dietetics, Ayurveda Pharmacy, Fundamental Principles of Ayurveda and their application in a setup that combines the ancient tradition of Ayurveda along with the advantages of biomedicine, current management and information Technology tools. 5. To impart interdisciplinary post-graduate-doctoral and post-doctoral teaching, training and research in all Ayurvedic specialties and also health and hospital management programmes. It will have all necessary infrastructure to cater to secondary and tertiary level health care facilities for diagnosis and treatment in collaboration with national and international institutions. 6. To give highest priority to explore and explain the scientific basis of various aspects of Ayurveda through collaborative and inter-disciplinary research. In this direction, the required infrastructure would be developed with the help of various R & D institutions including CCRAS, ICMR, CSIR, NIPER and other national level institutes. Human resources and infrastructure of participating institutions will be utilized in conduction project-based research programmes on need specific clinical and drug studies. 7. To develop model teaching tools, demonstration modules of teaching in undergraduate/Postgraduate/Doctoral and Postdoctoral Ayurveda medical education in all branches so as to demonstrate high standards of education for use in Ayurvedic Institutions. 8. 46 C. Clinical services: 1. The Institute has started clinical services through its twelve specialty/super specialty OPDs/Clinics. 2. Panchakarma therapies are available. 3. Planning for initiation of Integrated AYUSH Clinics has been finalized in a meeting held in Institute on 28th Jan, 2016. 4. Institute has provided free screening of patients for cancer on World Cancer Day and faculty members delivered health talks on various preventive aspects of cancer along with its Ayurvedic management. D. Course structure: 1. Post Graduate Programme (MD/MS) Ayurveda in various specialties. 2. Ph.D. 3. Super Specialty Fellowship Programmes. 4. Short term training programmes viz. Panchakarma Technician Training Programme. E. Recruitment/staff strength: After obtaining approval from Ministry, AIIA has made wide publicity in the newspapers for recruitment of staff against 117 posts wherein screening tests and interviews has been taken. Resultant, Faculty (11 streams of Ayurveda), Dy. Medical Superintendent are in position. F. Student strength: MD/MS (Ay.) programme will be started in the academic session 2016-17 from October 2016. Hence status of student strength shall be provided accordingly. G. Celebration of days of National Importance: 1. Celebration of Constitution Day (26th Nov, 2015) 2. Celebration of World cancer day (4th Feb, 2016) 3. Glaucoma week (6th - 12th March, 2016) H. Visit by foreign nationals: 1. Malaysian delegates visit (22nd Dec., 2015) 2. US delegation visit (1st March, 2016) 3. Visit of UK Parliamentary Team (14th March, 2016) I. Miscellaneous: 1. With an objective to address the issues along with possible solutions related to NABH accreditation to the AYUSH Colleges and attached Hospitals, a meeting was held in AIIA on 13th Feb, 2016. Also, the manual on Accreditation Standards for Ayurveda Hospitals, 2nd Edition was reviewed. 2. In order to finalize the curriculum for Panchakarma Technician Course and bring uniformity throughout country, a meeting was held at AIIA on 13 Feb, 2016 for finalizing the MSR and syllabus of Panchakarma Technician Training Programme. AIIA Building AIIA Building (Front view) AIIA building (Rear view) 47 AIIA Hospital Block OPD waiting area at AIIA Celebration of Constitution Day (26th Nov, 2015) US delegation visit (1st March, 2016) Meeting on initiation of Integrated AYUSH Clinics (X) North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Homoeopathy (NEIAH), Shillong The North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homoeopathy (NEIAH) Shillong, Meghalaya is an autonomous Institute under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. Website of the institute North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Homoeopathy (NEIAH), Shillong, Meghalaya was launched on 2nd June,2011.The Institute has been registered with the Registrar of Society, Govt. of Meghalaya on 23rd August, 2012. Official The institute has been established pursuant to the approval of Union Cabinet accorded in March 2008 at an initial project cost of Rs 67.51 crores which was later revised to Rs 71.81 Crore. The NEIAH campus is being developed adjacent to the campus of North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) at Mawdiangdiang, Shillong, Meghalaya. The Institute is mandated to contribute towards promotion of Ayurveda and Homoeopathy systems of Medicine, augment the health care facilities and affect improvement of Doctor- population ratio in the entire North East India. Once functional, the Institute will be a unique institute of its kind providing health sciences 48 education up to post graduation level along with multispeciality Hospital facility in Ayurveda and Homoeopathy system under one umbrella. The institute is also envisaged to contribute to Research and Development related to the subjects of health care particularly Ayurveda and Homoeopathy as well as development and harnessing of bio resources in North East Region. The institute will assume the role of a referral Hospital for critical and chronic patients from various parts of North East India. Being located close to NEIGRIHMS, facility of cross - reference from allopathic to Ayurveda/Homoeopathy systems and vice versa, for the benefit of patients will be available. The concept plan of this Institute envisages a vast expansion in near future so as to make it an institute of intenational standard and a Centre of Excellence. Special set up for research in Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology is also intended to be established to serve the need of safe drugs. Future plans include quality higher education and research facilities for students from India and abroad. The Institute, when fucntional intends to enter into collaboration with other reputed and well-established institute of national and international level as well as manufacturing and research establishments to undertake exchange programmes and joint research projects. Programmes for improvement of quality of teaching and continued education for medical professionals in the field of Ayurveda and Homoeopathy will also be executed. While the execution of infrastructural facilities at permanent campus of NEIAH at Mawdiangdiang, Shillong, Meghalaya is in progress, the Institute is running an OPD city centre at Nongrim Hills, Shillong and providing healthcare services to the general masses of Shillong and adjacent areas through Ayurvedic and Homoeopathic mode of treatment. The main aim and objectives of NEIAH, Shillong  To provide under-graduate, post- graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral teaching, research facilities and quality patient care services under the Ayurvedic and Homoeopathic systems of medicine.  To conduct experiments and develop patterns of teaching in under graduate and post graduate education in all branches of the Ayurvedic and Homoeopathic systems of medicine;  To conduct research on various aspects of Ayurvedic and Homoeopathic systems of medicine;  To provide medical care through Ayurvedic and Homoeopathic systems of medicine to the suffering humanity;  To conduct refresher courses for Ayurvedic and Homoeopathic systems of medicine;  To develop, promote and propagate the science and art of Ayurveda and Homoeopathy as the case may be OPD CITY CENTRE A well-equipped OPD City Centre has been established in Nongrim Hills area of Shillong which is easily accessible to the public. OPD offers the choice of Ayurveda and Homoeopathy to the beneficiaries under one roof. Chambers for Doctors, Pharmacists, Reception cum Registration and facility for safe storage of Medicine have been established. The Dispensaries are well equipped with sufficient stock of medicines of good quality procured mainly from Govt. Undertakings. OPD is equipped with CCTV in common area for security and also with computers having LAN facility. Right since November 2010 when OPD was established in a rental building located in Meghalaya State Housing Financing Cooperative Society Ltd complex, popularity of this Institute has continued to grow among the local population. Number of patients availing medical facility is also increasing day by day. Presently about 110-120 patients per day are availing the facilities of consultation and free medicines. Study reveals that the nature of ailments for which individuals are availing the OPD facility are predominantly Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondylities, Gout, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, acid-Peptic disorder, Constipation, Skin diseases, Hypothyroidism and Neurological disorders. Following activities have been undertaken so far: a) Successfully organized one day programme on Pharmacovigilance of Ayurveda drugs on 29th October 2010. The programme conducted at Auditorium of NEHU, shillong was sponsored by National Pharmacovigilance Resource Centre for ASU Drugs IPGT and RA, Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar and Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. The aim of the programme was to sensitize the Ayurvedic Physicians and create awareness regarding adverse drug reaction among them. 49 b) Publication of the Institute’s annual Magazine “AYUHOM” and News Letters from time to time since 2011 has been started c)Sucessfully organized a National Seminar on “Value of Rasayana Drugs along with single drug therapy as an Immunomodulator” The seminar conducted at NEHU Auditorium on 20th and 21st March 2012 was sponsored by National Medicinal Plant Board, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. 96 participants attended the seminar. Specialists of various concerned areas of study delivered lectures and made presentations which were very informative. d) The Institute celebrated World Homoeopathy Day on 10th April, 2016 and International Yoga day on 21st June, 2016. e)Health Awareness and Facilitation Camps were organized at various locations around Shillong. PRESENT STATUS The Institute is presently headed by Director who is assisted in performing his duties by one Deputy Director (Admin), One Administrative Officer (AO), Contractual staff and staff engaged on outsourcing basis. Two OPDs are in- operation one at City Centre, Nongrim Hills, and one at permanent campus at Mawdiangdiang managed by consultants of specialised disciplines from Ayurveda and Homoeopathy streams. All out efforts are being made to make both the Hospitals fully functional in all respects at the earliest. Procurement of medical equipment, furniture and other important services for smooth functioning of the Hospitals is in progress and approval of CCIM&CCH will be completed soon and the process of getting affiliation of NEHU is also in progress. Essential Infrastructural requirements not covered under Phase-I Project will be covered in Phase-II, which is under consideration. We are keenly looking forward to see the Institute fully functional and achieve the objectives of contributing to strengthen Health Care System in the service of mankind. Creation of posts: A total of 112 posts have been sanctioned so far in the first phase against a minimum requirement of proposed 301 posts. Recruitment for filling up of all 112 posts is completed, except for 36 post for which readvertise is to be called shortly. Present Status of Manpower of NEIAH, Shillong.  Director  Deputy Director (Admin)  One Administrative Officer  23 Group A post and 14 Group B posts Contractual Staff -  One Associate Professor (AyKayachikitsa)  One Associate Professor (Ay-Sharir Kriya Vigyan)  One Reader Homoeopathy (Organon of Medicine)  One Lecturer (Ayurveda-Samhita & Siddhanta).  One Lecturer Homoeo (Case taking & Repertory )  One Lecturer Homoeo- (Materia Medica)  One Lecturer Homoeo(Allied SubjectSurgery)  One Lecturer Homoeo (Physiology/Bio Chemistry)  One Lecturer Homoeo ( Allied SubjectPathologist/Microbiologist).  Six Medical Officers (Three from Homoeopathy and Three from Ayurveda)  Two Pharmacists (one each from Ayurveda & Homoeopathy)  Staffs engaged for various tasks on outsourcing basis. Achievement Report  The permanent campus of the North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homoeopathy (NEIAH) is developing at Mawdiangdiang, Shillong-18, Meghalaya adjacent to North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) and the construction work under Phase – I of the project (which includes Ayurveda Teaching Block, Homeopathy Teaching Block, Ayurveda Hospital, Homoeopathy Teaching Hospital & Library block) have been completed.  The official Website of NEIAH, Shillong i.e. North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Homoeopathy (NEIAH), Shillong, Meghalaya was launched on 2nd June, 2011 and is being regularly updated  The then Secretary AYUSH Sh. N Sanyal visited NEIAH Shillong to review the Construction works on 24th April,2014.  On 1st June,2015, the Institute started OPD (Ayurvedic & Homoeopathic) at permanent campus i.e. at Mawdiangdiang, Shillong (Near NEIHRIHMS) through outsourcing of manpower from a service 50 provider. It is expected that from the end part of 2016 both the multi facilities (IPD) Hospitals (Ayurvedic & Homoeopathic) with all diagnostic & laboratory facilities will be in a position to start functioning from the permanent site  At present, the institute is presently running two OPDs ( One in rented premises at Nongrim HIlls and the other at the permanent site of NEIAH campus at Mawdiangdiang,Shillong- 18.  A total of 40344 patients (Ayurveda - 12422 and Homoeopathy – 27922) with an average of 110-120 patients per day visited and got benefit from both the OPDs from 1st April ,2015 to 31st March 2016. Patients have been provided with free medicine as per availability.  A total of 21,519 patients visited the OPDs w.e.f. 1st April 2016 to 31th August, 2016 in both Ayurveda and Homoeopathy treatment.  Medical Equipment’s, Furniture and Signage have been partly installed. The remaining facilities are in the process of being procured.  The Institute’s Library has been fully set up with Books/ Periodicals of Modern Medical books, Ayurveda and Homoeopathy .  Steps are being taken to start both Ayurvedic & Homoeopathic Colleges from the academic session 2016-2017. The Ministry of AYUSH has granted permission for starting of both the colleges.  The Institute has approached North Eastern Hills University (NEHU) a Central University, Shillong, for granting affiliation to the Institute. North Eastern Hills University First Inspection team visited NEIAH Shillong on 15 October 2014. Final inspection was conducted on 19th September 2016 by an expert committee of the University comprising 5 members.Hopefully affliation will be accorded soon  The institute has published three issues of Annual Magazine namely “AYUHOM”. The fourth issue will be published shortly.  A health camp was organized on 16th September 2016 by the Institute at Mawdiangdiang in the East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya to promote and popularize Ayurvedic & Homoeopathic systems of medicines.  e-Book of the institute has been uploaded in the institute website North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Homoeopathy (NEIAH), Shillong, Meghalaya.  Year wise sanction of Budget at a glance. (http://Rs.in crore) YEAR BE(in crore) RE 2009-2010 6.00 6.00 2010-2011 17.00 17.00 2011-2012 19.00 19.00 2012-2013 26.54 26.54 2013-2014 24.00 19.88 2014-2015 24.00 1.50 2015-2016 14.00 8.00 2016-2017 9.00 9 .00 (XI)NORTH EASTERN INSTITUTE OF FOLK MEDICINE (NEIFM), PASIGHAT The North Eastern Institute of Folk Medicine (NEIFM) is a National Institute, under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. It is being developed as a Centre of Excellence and apex research centre for all aspects of Folk Medicine knowledge with linkages and collaborations with other research institutions. It is located at Pasighat, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. It is headed by a Director with supporting staff. The northeastern region of India, comprising the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura, endowed with a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna, has a rich and vast heritage of traditional folk medicine practices, remedies and therapies. The aims and objectives of the NEIFM are to survey, document and validate folk medicine practices, remedies and therapies prevalent in the region, with a view to revitalize, promote and harness these local health traditions. The NEIFM will create an interface between traditional/folk medicine practitioners and research institutions to enable proper understanding of folk medicine. It will help to upgrade the skills and build and 51 enhance capacities of traditional/folk medicine practitioners, while protecting their intellectual property rights. Where feasible, validated folk medicine practices will be integrated into the mainstream healthcare system, and made available for the public at the primary healthcare level. The Institute has been registered as Society with the Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh under Societies Registration Act,1860. 2. Infrastructure The works taken up in the 1st phase were the Construction of Institute building alongwith Hospital block and Guest House covering a plinth area of 40,000 sq.ft and 2100 sq.ft respectively through HLL Lifecare Ltd. An ethno-medicinal plants Garden is being developed within the 40 acre complex. 3. Achievements (i) The construction works of NEIFM building is completed. The procurement process of Equipments & Furniture is in last stage. The work of Boundary wall is complete. The work of Overhead water tank in Garden, Security Rest Room etc. are in progress. The NEIFM office alongwith OPD has been shifted to the new building. (ii) The Institute is running an OPD with an Ayurvedic Doctor and 3 folk medicine practitioners, with an average of 25-30 patients per day. Total 2341 Nos. patients have been treated upto September,2016. (iv) Some posts of various capacity have been created and recruitment process is in progress. (v) Proposal for Phase-II for const. of Residential complex has been submitted to the Govt. 4. Budget (Rs in Crore) G. STANDARDISATION OF ASU & H DRUGS: Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy, Ghaziabad Laying down the Pharmacopoeial standards for Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy medicine, both for single and compound drugs, is essential, as Pharmacopoeial standards are important and are mandatory for the implementation of the drug testing provisions under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules there under. These standards are also essential to check samples of drugs available in the market for their safety and efficacy. Government of India has been working on the task of developing Pharmacopoeial standards through Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy (PCIM&H) by preparing official Formularies and Pharmacopoeias of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy drugs so as to evolve uniform standards for preparation of drugs and to prescribe working standards for single drugs as well as compound formulations in the respective system. Standards for around 40% of the raw materials and around 15% of formulations have been published. Drug Control Cell (AYUSH) is working in the Department to deal with the matters pertaining to Drug Quality Control and the regulation of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs under the provisions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945. The Cell is looking after the activities of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani Drug HEAD PLAN NONPLAN TOTAL Budget Estimate 2016- 17 6.00 0.00 6.00 Revised Estimate 2016- 17 7.45 0.00 7.45 Actual Expenditure 0.65 0.00 0.65 52 Technical Advisory Board (ASUDTAB) and Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani Drugs Consultative Committee (ASUDCC). Besides, Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) and Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia Laboratory (HPL) are Standard-setting-cum-Drug-TestingLaboratories at National level functioning at Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh). (i) Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy (PCIM&H) The Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy (PCIM&H) is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India under Societies Registration Act, 1860. The Commission is based at Ghaziabad and is an umbrella organization for Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee (APC), Siddha Pharmacopoeia Committee (SPC), Unani Pharmacopoeia Committee (UPC) and Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia Committee (HPC) with Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) and Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeial Laboratory (HPL) as its permanent supporting structures. Aims and Objectives of the commission are as under:  Publication and revision of the Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India at suitable intervals and of such addenda or supplementary compendia during the intervening periods as may be deemed necessary; releasing the publications for public use from a date when they are to become official.  Publication and revision of the Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani Formulary of India, Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia as well as Homoeopathic Pharmaceutical Codex at regular intervals with a view to make it an authentic source of information on rational combination and use of medicine including their methods of preparation, therapeutic indications, adverse reactions, contraindications, drug interaction and similar issues concerning Indian medicine for safe use in humans and animals Identification of ASU formulations and Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia as well as Homeopathic Pharmaceutical Codex with a view to develop their quality standards and to ensure quality and safety of ASU & H medicine;  To nurture and promote awareness of quality in ASU drugs formulations, Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia as well as Homoeopathic Pharmaceutical Codex and drug research on ASU & H products and publish regularly or at suitable intervals or other related scientific information as authorized under the rules and procedures of the Commission;  Exchange information and interact with expert committees of the World Health Organization and other international bodies with a view to harmonize and develop the ASU & H pharmacopoeial standards to make those internationally acceptable;  Arranging studies either under its own auspices or through collaboration with other institution to develop standards and quality specifications for identity, purity and strength of raw materials and compound formulations and to develop SOPs for the process of manufacture included or to be included in the Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy Pharmacopoeia/formulary and its addenda or supplementary compendia or other authorized publications;  Maintain National repository of authentic reference raw materials used in the manufacture of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy medicine for the purpose of reference and supply of reference standards to the stake holders at a price;  To assign responsibilities described for PLIM and HPL under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act.  Generate and maintain repository of chemical reference marker compounds of the plants or other ingredients used in standardizing Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy medicine and supply them as reference standards to the stake holders on price;  Furtherance of the provision of Chapter IVA of Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 in case of ASU drugs & 4A of Schedule II of Drugs & Cosmetics Act in case of Homeopathy medicine and rules there under related to ASU drugs and Homeopathy medicine respectively;  Acting as a coordinating center for analytical laboratories, industry and academia by encouraging exchange of scientific and 53 technical information and staff and by undertaking sponsored funded research as well as consultancy projects;  Organizing national/international symposia, seminars, meeting and conferences in selected areas from time to time and to provide updated regular training to the regulatory authorities and stake holders. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I consists of nine volumes which include monographs on single drugs, Minerals & Metals, Aqueous & Hydroalcoholic extracts. Part-II of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia consists of three volumes comprising monographs on compound formulations. Three parts of Ayurvedic Formulary of India and supporting Pharmacopoeial publications viz. two Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) atlases and two atlases for Macro and Microscopy of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial Drugs have also been published so far. Unani Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I consists of six volumes which include monographs on single drugs. Part-II of the Unani Pharmacopeia consists of two volumes comprising monographs on compound formulations. Six parts of National Formulary of Unani Medicine have also been published so far. Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I consists of two volumes which include monographs on single drugs. Two parts of Siddha Formulary of India have also been published so far. Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India consists of ten volumes comprising monographs on single drugs of plant, animal, mineral, chemical, microbiological etc. origin. (ii) Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM), Ghaziabad is a subordinate office of the Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. The laboratory was established in the year 1970 as a Pharmacopoeial Standards Setting Cum Drugs Testing Laboratory at National Level for Indian Medicines which includes drugs of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems (Website: http://www.plimism.nic.in). The laboratory is also notified as Central Drugs Laboratory for Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha drug testing and quality control. The main objectives of establishing Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) are as under:  Pharmacopoeial standardization of single drugs and compound formulations to be incorporated in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha Pharmacopoeias  Validation of Pharmacopoeial standards, done elsewhere, for updation of standards.  Analysis of survey, official and legal samples received from Drug Control Authorities  Central Drugs laboratory for Ayurveda, Unani and Sidda drugs under the provisions of the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940  Collection of genuine crude drug samples from different Agro-climatic zones of the country for Pharmacopoeial standardization  Development maintenance of medicinal plants Garden of Pharmacopoeial drugs.  Preservation of authentic specimen of drugs and medicinal plants in museum and herbarium for reference  Availability and repository of Botanical and Phytochemical reference standards  R & D work on Pharmacopoeial and quality control thrust areas  Training Programmes for Drugs Inspectors/Drug Analysts and analysts working in ASU pharmaceutical industry The PLIM has a Museum & Herbarium housing 950 herbarium specimens and more than 2000 exhibits of raw material used in the Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha formulations. The laboratory also imparts training to Drug Control Authorities and Quality Control Personnel from Government laboratories and private manufacturers. (iii) Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia Laboratory (HPL) Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia Laboratory (HPL), Ghaziabad was established in 1975, as a National Laboratory for the purpose of laying down standards and testing for identity, purity and quality of Homoeopathic medicines (website: http://www.hplism.org.). The Laboratory also functions as a Central Drugs Laboratory for the testing of Homoeopathic Medicines under Rule 3A for the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The Department of Science and Technology has recognized HPL as a 54 Scientific and Technological Institution. The main objectives of Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia Laboratory are as under:  Laying down of standards for identity and purity of Homoeopathic Drugs and finding out indigenous substitutes for foreign drugs  Verification of Pharmacopoeial standards, done elsewhere, for adoption or improvement or updation of standards  Testing of samples of Homoeopathic Drugs, referred by Drugs Control Authorities, Port Authorities, State Government etc., for identity and quality under different provisions of Drugs and cosmetics act and rules  Maintaining medical plants garden with preference to plants used in Homoeopathy along with cultivation and introduction of medicinal plants  Survey and collection of samples of Homoeopathic Drugs for verification of quality and adulteration trends of drugs marketed  Survey and collection of Medicinal Plants  Imparting orientation in methods of standardization, identification and testing of Homoeopathic Drugs and application of various provisions of Drugs & Cosmetics Act to all India State/Central Government Drug Authorities, Drug Authorities, Drug Inspectors, Drugs Analysts Pharmacists etc.  Facilitates exposure visits of the laboratory to the students of Homoeopathy Colleges to familiarize the working of the laboratory A small herbarium and museum of medicinal plants and an experimental garden of medicinal plants including some rare and very important exotic plants are being maintained for the purpose of standards reference material so as to utilize for verification and comparative studies of standards. The Laboratory also maintains a seed bank of important exotic homoeopathic medical plants. Standards worked out of Homoeopathic Drugs by the laboratory are published in the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India (HPI) (iv) Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited (IMPCL), Mohan (Almora): Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited (IMPCL) comes under the Administrative Control of the ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. IMPCL a Govt. Of India Enterprise (CPSE), having 98.01% shares of Govt. of India and 1.99% shares of Uttrakhand state Govt. through Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam Ltd; was incorporated on 12.07.1978. It is situated in the picturesque valley of Kumaon hills, at Mohan near the famous Jim Corbett National Park on the bank of Kosi river with abundance of medicinal & aromatic plants. The company is schedule D, Mini-Rana” categoryII, GMP & ISO 9001:2208 certified Central Public Sector Undertaking. IMPCL had acquired 38 acres land on lease at Mohan including 15 acre land for Medicinal garden. The Commercial Production was started by the Company on June, 1983 with very old 16 shed by few manpower in a domestic tradition way. IMPCl has gradually developed with time & have become to reputed name for manufacture authentic Ayurveda and Unani medicines. IMPCL has obtained Govt. approval for their In-house Lab “AYUSH Drug Testing Laboratory” for carrying testing of ASU drugs & Raw materials under Drug & cosmetic Act. IMPCL Mandate IMPCL established for Manufacturing authentic and efficacious Classical Ayurvedic and Unani medicines to cater the need of C.G.H.S, State Government hospitals/dispensaries, various research councils & National institutions, National campaigns/Programme like NAM Vision To become the best Ayurvedic and Unani Medicines manufacturing company in India and contribute to health care through excellence in performance, total customer satisfaction and improved technologies. MISSION Make available authentic, classical Ayurvedic and Unani Medicines and enhance capacity portfolio covering Nutraceuticals, Health Supplements and Cosmetics based on Herbals OBJECTIVES  TO BECOME SELF SUFFICIENT AND GROWING PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISE PRESERVING TRADITION WITH RIGHT MIX OF MODERNITY. 55  TO PRODUCE AUTHENTIC ISM PRODUCTS OF WORLD CLASS QUALITY.  OFFER WIDE RANGE OF EXCLUSIVE PRODUCTS TO INCLUDE HEALTH SUPPLEMENTS, NEUTRACEUTICALS AND COSMETICS BASED ON HERBALS.  TO SERVE ISM PROFESSION EFFICIENTLY AND EFFECTIVELY CONTRIBUTING TO HEALTH CARE SECTOR.  TO BECOME A POINT OF REFERENCE FOR AYUSH PRODUCTS CONTINUOUSLY STRIVING TO BE AN IDEAL MANUFACTURING UNIT. IMPCL product Profile Currently IMPCL having manufacturing licnece of 656 Classical Ayurvedic & Proprietary & 332 Unani Medicines which almost cover entire range of Essential Drug List, Published by the Govt of India. Performance: IMPCL is supplying Ayurvedic & Unani medicines to all over India. The MOU target for the 2016-17 is Rs 50 Crore. The Production and sales performance for the last five years is as under PERFORMANCE FOR LAST FIVE YEARS IMPCL Specialty  ‘ISO 9001-2008’ AND ‘GMP’ CERTIFIED ‘MINI-RATNA’ CPSE  MAINTAINING QUALITY WITH TRADITIONAL METHOD. IMPCL KNOWN FOR GENUINE, AUTHENTIC AND EFFICACIOUS PRODUCTS  MULTI-SECTIONAL ASU DRUGS MANUFACTURING FACILITY WITH STRONG TECHNICAL BASE  WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS, SUPERVISED BY HIGHLY QUALIFIED EXPERT TECHNICAL TEAM PRODUCTS STRICTLY ADHERE TO TRADITIONAL PHARMACOPOEIAL STANDARDS AS PER CLASSICAL TEXTS.  WELL EQUIPPET IN-HOUSE LAB “AYUSH DTL”(GOVT. APPROVED). HERE STRINGENT QUALITY ASSURANCE MEASURES ENSURED.  COMPLIANCE OF AYUSH SAFETY PROFILE AND SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF PHARMACOPOEAL STANDARDS.  MEDICINES UTILISED BY CENTRAL/STATE GOVERNMENT, COUNCILS &RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS. MEDICINES of IMPCL ARE AUTHENTICATED BY VARIOUS GOVERNMENT COUNCILS AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS. HR IMPCL having Workforce 131. Upto 350 (Approx) Out sourced daily worker through contractors including highly qualified & well experienced Technical Staff.The Company had given employment maximum to Local peoples. Around 120 employees out of total strength are from local area and surrounding hills. CSR Besides, purchases through open tender, the Company is purchasing raw material, Cow dung cack, Earthen Pot, Cow’s Urine etc. locally for the development and up-liftment of living standard of villagers. Company has continuously followed the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) guidelines issued by the Departments of Public Enterprises (DPEs). the Company had various initiated CSR activities as per guidelines of DPE specially in the Development of Medicinal plant garden/Nursery, and also support for conservation, Cultivation & propagation of medicinal plants. Modernization Project: For strengthening of ISM & to cope up future demand of ASU medicines, Dept of AYUSH has approved DPR for its modernization. During the year 2011-12, the Government of India through the Dept. Of AYUSH has release total of Rs. 34 Crore Rupees in Crore YEAR 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 (unaudited ) UCTIO N 14.30 18.81 24.72 21.41 23.04 SALES 24.90 29.66 36.52 32.02 36.30 56 and Rs. 3.08 released again during the year 2015- 16 hence total amount of Rs. 37.08 has been released by Government of India through Dept. Of AYUSH for modernization by way of equity as investment in the company for IIIrd phase Modernization/renovation to achieve WHO/International GMP certification. The automation & modernization of infrastructure is going on. The plant capacity is going to be enhance at least by 8-10 times form the current capacity. Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy (PCIM&H) The Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy (PCIM&H) is formed an autonomous organization under the Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India under Societies Registration Act, 1860. The Commission is based at Ghaziabad and is an umbrella organization for Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee (APC), Siddha Pharmacopoeia Committee (SPC), Unani Pharmacopoeia Committee (UPC) and Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia Committee (HPC). Aims and Objectives of the commission are as under:  Publication and revision of the Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India at suitable intervals and of such addenda or supplementary compendia during the intervening periods as may be deemed necessary; releasing the publications for public use from a date when they are to become official.  Publication and revision of the Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani Formulary of India, Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia as well as Homoeopathic Pharmaceutical Codex at regular intervals with a view to make it an authentic source of information on rational combination and use of medicine including their methods of preparation, therapeutic indications, adverse reactions, contraindications, drug interaction and similar issues concerning Indian medicine for safe use in humans and animals Identification of ASU formulations and Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia as well as Homeopathic Pharmaceutical Codex with a view to develop their quality standards and to ensure quality and safety of ASU & H medicine;  To nurture and promote awareness of quality in ASU drugs formulations, Homoeopathic Pharmacopeia as well as Homoeopathic Pharmaceutical Codex and drug research on ASU & H products and publish regularly or at suitable intervals or other related scientific information as authorized under the rules and procedures of the Commission;  Exchange information and interact with expert committees of the World Health Organization and other international bodies with a view to harmonize and develop the ASU & H pharmacopoeial standards to make those internationally acceptable;  Arranging studies either under its own auspices or through collaboration with other institution to develop standards and quality specifications for identity, purity and strength of raw materials and compound formulations and to develop SOPs for the process of manufacture included or to be included in the Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy Pharmacopoeia/formulary and its addenda or supplementary compendia or other authorized publications;  Maintain National repository of authentic reference raw materials used in the manufacture of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy medicine for the purpose of reference and supply of reference standards to the stake holders at a price;  To assign responsibilities described for PLIM and HPL under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act.  Generate and maintain repository of chemical reference marker compounds of the plants or other ingredients used in standardizing Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy medicine and supply them as reference standards to the stake holders on price;  Furtherance of the provision of Chapter IVA of Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 in case of ASU drugs & 4A of Schedule II of Drugs & Cosmetics Act in case of Homeopathy medicine and rules there under related to ASU drugs and Homeopathy medicine respectively;  Acting as a coordinating center for analytical laboratories, industry and academia by encouraging exchange of scientific and technical information and staff and by undertaking sponsored funded research as well as consultancy projects;  Organizing national/international symposia, seminars, meeting and conferences in selected areas from time to time and to provide updated regular training to the regulatory authorities and stake holders. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I consists of eight volumes which include monographs on single drugs, Minerals & Metals, Aqueous & Hydroalcoholic extracts. Part-II of the Ayurvedic 57 Pharmacopeia consists of three volumes comprising monographs on compound formulations. Three parts of Ayurvedic Formulary of India and supporting Pharmacopoeial publications viz. one TLC atlas and two atlases for macroscopy and microscopy of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeial Drugs have also been published so far. Unani Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I consists of six volumes which include monographs on single drugs. Part-II of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia consists of two volumes comprising monographs on compound formulations. Six parts of National Formulary of Unani Medicine have also been published so far. Sidhha Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I consists of two volumes which include monographs on single drugs. Two parts of Siddha Formulary of India have also been published so far. Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India consists of nine volumes comprising monographs on single drugs of plant, animal, mineral etc. origin. H. AYUSH SERVICES IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY: Providing cost effective AYUSH services, with a universal access is one of the strategies to improve the quality and outreach of Health of Care Services. The National Policy on Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy, 2002 envisaged integration of AYUSH Systems into the health care delivery system and the national health programme ensuring optimal use of the infrastructure of hospitals, dispensaries and physicians. Within the communities in India, AYUSH systems have been an age old tradition with wide acceptance which can play an important role in the prevention and mitigation of diseases. There is a need for service integration by providing the best and unique from each system to patients as a complementary therapy and an alternative choice of treatment. There is an important role for the AYUSH practitioners in the delivery of health services. Under Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Development of AYUSH Hospitals and Dispensary Grant-in-aid is being provided to the States for colocation of AYUSH facilities at Primary Health Centre (PHC ), Community Health Centers (CHCs) and District Hospitals (DHs) as well as for up gradation of Stand-alone AYUSH Hospitals and Dispensaries. The Ministry of AYUSH has implemented a component during 2011-12 in the existing scheme of Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Development of AYUSH hospitals & dispensaries for providing financial assistance for setting up of 50 bedded integrated AYUSH hospitals in Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir & Uttarakhand and 10 bedded integrated AYUSH hospitals in Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. 58

You can do both. Get a STEM degree first, then law school and an LLM. “Nearly every examiner in the biotechnology group at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has a Ph.D. and has conducted scientific research. Indeed, most attorneys working in biotechnology patent law have science Ph.D.s, and many have impressive postdoctoral experience.”Biotechnology Law is a rapidly growing, highly specialized field of law, closely associated with pharmaceutical law and stemming from the field of science and technology. Despite its specialized nature, this area of law does overlap with a few other main practice areas: intellectual property law; patent law (and specifically, patent prosecution); licensing law; litigation; business law; and venture capital law.Biotechnology is generally defined as the manipulation of microorganisms to perform certain processes and is largely identified with genetic engineering. The procedure usually involves the transfer of genes from one living entity into another, or into a synthetic compound, using advanced recombinant DNA technology. It covers any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or their derivatives, to create, manufacture, modify or adapt plants, products, goods, animals or processes for specific use.Its applications are useful in the medical field (red biotechnology), the aquatic field (blue biotechnology), the agricultural field (green biotechnology), and the industrial field (white biotechnology). It is involved in the development of new medicines and therapies; new research tools; increasing crop yields; creating hardier crops and plants; increasing the taste, texture and nutritional value of food; decontamination; removal of manmade pollutants and waste; and much more.With biotechnology, the development time between working theory and a tangible product is far longer than that of other companies, generally seven to ten years. And these are very costly endeavors, ranging from $250 million to $300 million to create, develop, test and prepare a drug/product for market. The nature of these types of innovations and the rapidly evolving laws and regulations regarding biotechnology make this legal practice area both difficult and challenging. Lawyers, companies and scientists must struggle with complex issues involving necessary and applicable financial backing and how best to develop and create business agreements; intellectual property rights; convoluted, drawn-out regulatory proceedings; and many other challenges and obstacles spread over a lengthy time period.The Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology is the U.S. government’s formal policy for dealing with biotechnology and its applications. It was enacted by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Agency and is implemented by the Department of Agriculture (DOA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The federal Biotechnology Patent Protection Act allows the patenting of biotechnological processes and/or the resulting products or materials, provided they are novel and non obvious. The FDA largely regulates how drugs and other pharmaceutical products may be brought to market.Copyright http://HG.orgBiotechnology Law - USABA - Biotechnology Law Commitee The Biotechnology Law Committee, part of the ABA Section of Science & Technology Law, keeps abreast of various topics relating to biotechnology including research, commercial, regulatory and patent issues. The committee also covers biotechnology issues relating to clinical medicine, such as gene therapy, forensic medicine, such as DNA fingerprinting, and other areas of biotechnology raising ethical and/or evidentiary issues. The committee follows pending legislation designed not only to control the availability of products of biotechnology, but also to protect the proprietary rights of biotechnology developments in the U.S.Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)APHIS uses the term biotechnology to mean the use of recombinant DNA technology, or genetic engineering (GE) to modify living organisms. APHIS regulates certain GE organisms that may pose a risk to plant or animal health. In addition, APHIS participates in programs that use biotechnology to identify and control plant and animal pests. Below is a list of the regulatory requirements for genetically engineered organisms and facilities.Biological Product Deviations On November 7, 2000, the Food and Drug Administration published a final rule to amend the requirements of reporting errors and accidents in manufacturing of products. The rule amended the regulation at 21 CFR 600.14 for licensed biological products, and added a requirement at 21 CFR 606.171 applicable to all manufacturers of blood and blood components.FDA's Biotechnology Policy In the Federal Register of May 29, 1992 (57 FR 22984), FDA published its "Statement of Policy: Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties" (the 1992 policy). The 1992 policy clarified the agency's interpretation of the application of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act with respect to human foods and animal feeds derived from new plant varieties and provided guidance to industry on scientific and regulatory issues related to these foods.Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act The FDA's online reference edition of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act is based on the publication Compilation of Selected Acts Within the Jurisdiction of the Committee on Energy and Commerce; Food, Drug, and Related Law, As Amended Through December 31, 2004, prepared for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, U.S. House of Representatives, March 2005. Updates have been made in the online edition as the act was amended since that time. Notes in the text indicate when the online version was updated, rather than the date the change was enacted.Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) EPA and the states (usually that state's agriculture office) register or license pesticides for use in the United States. EPA receives its authority to register pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Exit EPA disclaimer States are authorized to regulate pesticides under FIFRA and under state pesticide laws. States may place more restrictive requirements on pesticides than EPA. Pesticides must be registered both by EPA and the state before distribution.Federal Issuance of Experimental Use Permits An experimental use permit (EUP) is generally required for testing of any unregistered pesticide or any registered pesticide being tested for an unregistered use. However, as described in paragraph (b) of this section, certain of such tests are presumed not to involve unreasonable adverse effects and, therefore, do not require an EUP.Food Biotechnology in the United States - Science, Regulation, and Issues This report provides basic information on the science of food biotechnology. It discusses regulatory policies and issues of concern about the use of biotechnology to modify foods through genetic engineering. It describes the scientific processes used and current products available. It explains how all three major federal agencies - the Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Environmental Protection Agency - regulate these foods.Microbial Products of Biotechnology: Final Rule (62 FR 17910)The regulation under which the TSCA Biotechnology Program functions is titled "Microbial Products of Biotechnology; Final Regulation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act", promulgated in the Federal Register on April 11, 1997. This rule was developed under TSCA Section 5, which authorizes the Agency to, among other things, review new chemicals before they are introduced into commerce. Under a 1986 intergovernmental policy statement, intergeneric microorganisms (microorganisms created to contain genetic material from organisms in more than one taxonomic genera) are considered new chemicals under TSCA Section 5. The Biotechnology rule sets forth the manner in which the Agency will review and regulate the use of intergeneric microorganisms in commerce, or commercial research.Microbial Products of Biotechnology; Final Regulation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act EPA is promulgating this final rule under section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C 2604, to establish notification procedures for review of certain new microorganisms before they are introduced into commerce. &&New'' microorganisms are those formed by deliberate combinations of genetic material from organisms classified in different taxonomic genera. This review process is designed to prevent unreasonable risk of injury to human health and the environment without imposing unnecessary regulatory burdens on the biotechnology industry. This final rule describes notification procedures and the microorganisms that would be exempt from notification.Office of Science and Technology Policy The mission of the Office of Science and Technology Policy is threefold; first, to provide the President and his senior staff with accurate, relevant, and timely scientific and technical advice on all matters of consequence; second, to ensure that the policies of the Executive Branch are informed by sound science; and third, to ensure that the scientific and technical work of the Executive Branch is properly coordinated so as to provide the greatest benefit to society.Office of Science Coordination and Policy Biotechnology Team The Biotechnology Team located in EPA's Office of Science Coordination and Policy (OSCP) coordinates scientific, technical, and policy development activities within the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP). The OSCP Biotechnology Team is also a focal point for coordination with other Federal agencies on any issues involving biotechnology, including international activities.Regulations of Genetically Engineered Organisms and Products - Biotechnology Information Series The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and most state governments closely monitor the development and testing of a genetically engineered product and can provide pages of test results concerning its safety. However, in the end, only consumers themselves can decide if using a product, whether it is developed by genetic engineering or traditional methods, is right for them.Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005 On May 23, 2005, Representative Christopher Smith (R-NJ) introduced H.R. 2574, the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005. The bill to provide for the collection and maintenance of human cord blood stem cells for the treatment of patients and research, and to amend the Public Health Service Act to authorize the C.W. Bill Young Cell Transplantation Program.The Plant Protection Act (PPA) The Plant Protection Act (PPA) became law in June 2000 as part of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act. The PPA consolidates all or part of 10 existing USDA plant health laws into one comprehensive law, including the authority to regulate plants, plant products, certain biological control organisms, noxious weeds, and plant pests. The Plant Quarantine Act, the Federal Pest Act, and the Federal Noxious Weed Act are among the 10 statutes the new Act replaces.Toxic Substances Control Act The objective of the Toxics Substances Control Act (TSCA) is to allow EPA to regulate new commercial chemicals before they enter the market, to regulate existing chemicals (1976) when they pose an unreasonable risk to health or to the environment, and to regulate their distribution and use.United States Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology Responsible Agencies - Overview The Agencies primarily responsible for regulating biotechnology in the United States are the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Products are regulated according to their intended use, with some products being regulated under more than one agency.US Regulatory Agencies - Unified Biotechnology The Federal Government of the United States of America has a coordinated, risk-based system to ensure new biotechnology products are safe for the environment and human and animal health. Established as a formal policy in 1986, the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology describes the Federal system for evaluating products developed using modern biotechnology. The Coordinated Framework is based upon health and safety laws developed to address specific product classes. The U.S. Government has written new regulations, policies and guidance to implement these laws for biotechnology as products developed. This framework has allowed the United States to build upon agency experience with organisms and products developed using conventional techniques.Biotechnology Law - EuropeEuropean Biosafety Association (EBSA) European Biosafety Association (EBSA) was founded in June 1996. It is a not for profit organisation which aims to provide a forum for its members to discuss and debate issues of concern and to represent those working in the field of biosafety and associated activities. The Association has individual members, representing over 15 countries in Europe, as well as other regions.European Food Information Council (EUFIC) - Modern Biotechnology in Food Modern biotechnology - will touch the lives of most European by the close of the 20th century, whether in food, medicine or environmental protection - is the subject of lively and sometimes controversial debate throughout society. In common with many other major scientific and industrial advances, biotechnology raises a range of issues, such as safety, ethics and possible environmental impact.Food Safety and Biotechnology Policy In order to ensure that the development of modern biotechnology, and more specifically of GMOs, takes place in complete safety, the European Union has established a legal framework regulating genetically modified (GM) food and feed in the EU. This framework pursues the global objective of ensuring a high level of protection of human life and health and welfare, environment and consumer interests, whilst ensuring that the internal market works effectively.Life Sciences and Biotech Strategy The EU's Life Sciences and Biotech Strategy aims to make the European biotech sector more competitive and to foster research in the areas of health care, agriculture, manufacturing and the environment.Task Group on Public Perceptions of Biotechnology The Task Group on Public Perceptions of Biotechnology is one of the six Task Groups of the European Federation of Biotechnology. It was established in 1991, to increase public awareness and understanding of biotechnology and the life sciences throughout Europe. The objectives are to advance the public debate on biotechnology and to facilitate dialogue between interested parties.Biotechnology Law - InternationalConvention on Biological Diversity The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) entered into force on 29 December 1993. It has 3 main objectives: 1. To conserve biological diversity 2. The use biological diversity in a sustainable fashion 3. To share the benefits of biological diversity fairly and equitably.UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs - Biotechnology Environmentally-sound management of biotechnology is the subject of Chapter 16 of Agenda 21. Biotechnology is not directly addressed in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. Biotechnology is the integration of the new techniques emerging from modern biotechnology with the well-established approaches of traditional biotechnology. It is a set of enabling techniques for bringing about specific human-made changes in DNA, or genetic material, in plants, animals and microbial systems, leading to useful products and technologies.UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) - Biotechnology Biotechnology provides powerful tools for the sustainable development of agriculture, fisheries and forestry, as well as the food industry. When appropriately integrated with other technologies for the production of food, agricultural products and services, biotechnology can be of significant assistance in meeting the needs of an expanding and increasingly urbanized population in the next millennium.United Nations Environment Programme - Environmentally Sound Management of Biotechnology Biotechnology is the integration of the new techniques emerging from modern biotechnology with the well-established approaches of traditional biotechnology. Biotechnology, an emerging knowledge-intensive field, is a set of enabling techniques for bringing about specific man-made changes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or genetic material, in plants, animals and microbial systems, leading to useful products and technologies.Organizations Related to Biotechnology LawBiotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) BIO is the world's largest biotechnology organization, providing advocacy, business development and communications services for more than 1,200 members worldwide. BIO members are involved in the research and development of innovative healthcare, agricultural, industrial and environmental biotechnology products.National Agricultural Law Center The National Agricultural Law Center is the only agricultural law research and information facility that is independent, national in scope, and directly connected to the national agricultural information network. The Center has expanded the scope of its coverage to include food law as it recognizes the expanding scope of agricultural law and its convergence with food law topics. The Center is staffed by a team of law and research professors, lawyers, other specialists, and graduate assistants from the University of Arkansas School of Law Graduate Program in Agricultural Law.World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) - IP Services The relationship between intellectual property and life science innovations is a particular issue of immediate interest and significance to WIPO Member States. WIPO contributes to the practical understanding of the appropriate role and impact of intellectual property rights on life science technologies, including their ethical, development and health policy implications. WIPO supports international policy discussions and promotes the capacity of policymakers to explore and assess the full range of policy options.Publications Related to Biotechnology LawAll Biotechnology Law Cases and Briefs In addition to core biotechnology cases on liability and regulation, these pages include cases and regulations related to medical research, academic institutions, and general regulatory law issues that are critical to lawyers and scientists working in research and industry. Cases are added on a regular basis, and new additions can be found in the new cases section.Bioethics Forum Bioethics Forum, hosted by the Hastings Center Report, publishes thoughtful commentary from a range of perspectives on timely issues in bioethics. The opinions expressed in it are those of the authors and not The Hastings Center.de Gruyter Journal of International Biotechnology Law Walter de Gruyter is among the first academic publishers in the world to provide electronic access to its journals, books, and databases on a single platform. From now on, you will find all of our online journals and eBooks on this platform. Stay informed about newly added content via email or RSS feed.Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. - Biotechnology Founded in 1980, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. is universally acknowledged for publishing authoritative peer-reviewed journals, books, and trade magazines in the most promising areas of biotechnology, biomedical research/life sciences, clinical medicine and surgery, alternative and complementary medicine, law, philanthropy, environmental science and sustainability.Articles on http://HG.org Related to Biotechnology LawHow to Draft Clinical Trial AgreementsClinical Trial Agreements (“CTAs”) can be surprisingly complex documents with numerous legal issues, particularly in the setting of a multi-center trial for a new drug product candidate. This outline highlights the principal issues typically arising in a CTA and some of the considerations for companies sponsoring pharmaceutical trials (“Sponsors”) in addressing these issues.SEC Rules Affecting Shell CompaniesWhat is a Shell Company? Securities Act Rule 405 and Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 define a Shell Company as a company, other than an asset-backed issuer, with no or nominal operations; and either: • no or nominal assets; • assets consisting of cash and cash equivalents; or • assets consisting of any amount of cash and cash equivalents and nominal other assets. By: Brenda Lee Hamilton, Attorney Hamilton & Associates Law GroupCan Law Keep up with Technology?Science and technology is advancing at a breakneck pace. With each passing day, new technologies and advancements make our world easier, safer and point toward a brighter future. But with each advancement and innovation, legal issues arise.The New Country of Origin Labeling Law (COOL) and How it Will be AppliedThis article discusses and explains the new Country of Origin Labeling Law (COOL) and describes the impact COOL will have on shoppers, food producers and retailers. The author also unwraps what foods the law covers and what foods and retailers are not regulated by this new law.An Inside Look At What Biotechnology Can Do For MankindThis article examines what biotechnology is and how it relates to the medical field, agriculture, bio processes, industry and the aquatic field. The author notes that as the planet becomes more polluted and more in need of clean water and food, the field of biotechnology will become even more important.All Science and Technology Law Articles Articles written by attorneys and experts worldwide discussing legal aspects related to Science and Technology including: biotechnology, chemical law, computer and software, data protection, information technology, internet law, research and development, telecommunications law.In Person: A Career in Biotech Patent LawBy William J. SimmonsOct. 14, 2011 , 8:00 AMCredit: Hidde de VriesI began to consider patent law as a career after working closely with a patent attorney to help prepare a patent application based on the research reported in my doctoral dissertation. During this process, I learned that the scientific standards for peer review (on the one hand) and patenting (on the other) were different, and that the two writing tasks -- a scientific paper and a patent application -- required different approaches. I also learned that the analytical skills I gained from my scientific training were directly applicable to assessing whether an invention was patentable.A patent law career offered practical advantages, I realized, over a career in academia. In academic science, funds for conducting research were -- and continue to be -- very limited, and the requirements for obtaining funding are exceptionally high. Capable and qualified scientists were not being funded, and many talented postdoctoral scientists were ahead of me in the long line for an academic position. Meanwhile, there was a shortage of people qualified, in science and in law, to work in patent law, and in the biotech industry the need for new patent expertise was -- and is -- increasing.Patent professionals work in companies, state and federal governments (including USPTO), private institutes, and nongovernmental organizations.Curious about a Career in Patent Law?Then you should read this overview, which covers the ins and outs of patent-related careers in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia.Yet, making a transition into patent law didn't require blazing a new trail, since patent law is a well-established career path for scientists. I was not aware of it at the time, but nearly every examiner in the biotechnology group at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has a Ph.D. and has conducted scientific research. Indeed, most attorneys working in biotechnology patent law have science Ph.D.s, and many have impressive postdoctoral experience.Developments in bioscience occur frequently, making the work dynamic and unpredictable. Patent attorneys are exposed to many new discoveries well before they are available to the public, providing a rare glimpse into our future.The legal aspect, too, is dynamic. Congress and the courts are still sorting out the legal framework for biotech patents. Recently, the courts decided a controversial case that asked a fundamental question: Are isolated genes patentable? The judges relied extensively on scientific findings to reach their much anticipated decision: Isolated genes are indeed patentable, at least for now.That decision -- and its tenuousness -- directly impacts those working in (and depending on) patent law. The future of many biotech companies depends on the gene patents they own and the strength of those patents. The potential for a dramatic revision of patent law makes it essential for biotechnology attorneys to stay abreast of developments in the law so that they may advise their clients appropriately.William Simmons (CREDIT: Courtesy of William Simmons)Another example of the need to keep up with the law is the recent establishment of a new law related to “biosimilars.” The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not yet issued guidelines for licensing biosimilar products in the United States; biotechnology patent attorneys must nevertheless be prepared to review information from FDA and USPTO and to advise clients without these guidelines. Skills in the biological sciences and the law help attorneys understand what the new U.S. biosimilar law means and how it is likely to be applied. I recently organized a conference and wrote a treatise on the new biosimilar law, which shows that a career as a patent attorney offers opportunities similar to those offered by a career in academic science.Biotechnology patent law requires the communication of complex scientific ideas, so excellence in writing and speaking is essential. While conducting postdoctoral studies to identify and modulate the activity of the NPM-ALK oncogene, I practiced and developed the skills necessary to explain the relevance of my work to lay people and nonspecialist scientists. Some grant-review panels -- such as those for cancer research grants -- include a layperson whose opinions must be considered when preparing an application.Practicing patent law requires managing a demanding schedule. Fortunately, my postdoc (and my graduate work) helped me learn this skill, too. As a postdoc, I coordinated experiments, taking into account the availability of personnel, machines, viable reagents, and so on. Missing a time point could have set the research back for weeks, or longer. The requirements in patent law are similar: It's necessary to juggle several projects, each with several deadlines and many people involved. Failing to keep to a schedule can have a serious impact on the success of client companies.I have a law degree, but a law degree isn't required to work in patent law. Ph.D. scientists who move directly into patent-related careers may work as technology specialists or as agents. Typically, these jobs require passing an exam. To be eligible to take the exam, you simply must have formal training in a relevant science.But many people who enter this field with Ph.D.s -- including me -- choose to become attorneys: attending law school, passing the patent bar examination, and gaining admission to a state bar association. A formal legal education is expensive and demanding and requires years to compete, but it will make you more marketable. Some firms will pay for law school tuition, but even if you can locate such an arrangement, your employer/sponsor will probably expect you to work as you study, which will delay the completion of your degree.Patent law jobs exist in many settings, not just at law firms. Patent professionals work in companies, state and federal governments (including USPTO), private institutes, and nongovernmental organizations. Each organization has different objectives and functions.Within a company, you're likely to specialize, since most companies are focused on a narrow area of science (i.e., therapeutic human monoclonal antibodies). The objective of patent attorneys working in companies is to protect and expand the intellectual property assets of the company by developing new patents and helping to protect existing ones.Examiners at USPTO, on the other hand, read patent applications, study the technology described in the applications, and assess the state of the art (i.e., the science) to determine whether a proposed invention is new and not obvious. Here, you may be called upon to evaluate a fairly wide range of technology, but you will still have a specialty.Another option is working at an institution, such as a university. Here, you may work with an even wider range of technology, with patentable ideas emerging from disciplines as far apart as, say, physics and microbiology. In my work at New York University in the technology transfer office, I evaluated the potential of university research and attempted to identify companies that might be interested in licensing the technology.If you are considering biotechnology patent law as a career, talk to as many people as you can: to someone at USPTO about taking the patent examination, to admissions counselors about your law school options, and to attorneys about their day-to-day work. Professional associations, including the American Bar Association and the American Intellectual Property Law Association, are outstanding sources of information and are usually happy to connect interested people with practitioners in the field.Making the decision to switch to a career in patent law requires weighing and balancing many factors. But if you have the appropriate skills and enjoy analyzing and communicating about scientific innovations, patent law could be your ideal career.DOI: 10.1126/science.caredit.a1100114William J. SimmonsWilliam Simmons is a patent attorney in Washington, D.C., working in all aspects of patent law, with a focus on biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals. He is currently preparing a legal treatise, Biologic Patenting and Regulation, to be published in 2012 by BNA and AIPLA.Twitter