R Ftb: Fill & Download for Free

Kaveri engine a failure? And that’s the only testimony of India’s technical capabilities?May be yes. India doesn’t have any technical capability.4.5 gen Fighter jet (Tejas),Attack helicopter (LCH),Main Battle Tank (Arjun)Aircraft carrier (INS Vikrant),Stealth Destroyers (Kolkata class),Stealth Frigate (Shivalik class),Stealth Corvettes (Kamorta class)Drones,Nuclear Ballistic missile including ICBM (Prthvi-1,2,3, Agni-1,2,3,4,5, Shaurya, K)Ballistic missile defense system (AAD+PAD/PDV),Nuclear ballistic missile submarine (Arihant Class),Nuclear triad,World-class howitzers with word record in range (Dhanush, ATAGS),Rockets (Pinaka),the best supersonic cruise missile (BrahMos),Heavyweight torpedo (Varunastra)Nuclear weapon3-stage Thorium-based nuclear program (PHWR, FBR, AHWR)Tokamak and experience in Fusion energyMembership in international fusion research (ITER)Indigenous supercomputers with 4th fastest one (in the world at this moment) in climate researchLaunch vehicle fleet (SLV, ASLV, PSLV variants, GSLV, GSLV Mk3, SSLV, RLV), Launch facility,Deep space network,4th to reached Moon,4th to reach Mars,1st to reach Mars in 1st trial,1st multi-wavelength space telescope (Astrosat),100+ indigenous satellites for various purposes including Remote-sending Spy and networking satellites (RISAT series, CARTOSAT series, GSAT-7, 7A, HysIS etc.)Cryogenic engines (CE-7.5, CE-20),Satellite navigation and positioning system (IRNSS/NAVIC),Satellite-based GPS augmentation system (GAGAN)A launch service providerOn the verge of sending human to space (in 4 years)Discovery of water on Moon,Superhot argon in Martian upper atmosphere,Martian albedo,Almost 1000 beautiful images of Mars,Discovery of a new exoplanet, a new massive galactic supercluster (Saraswati supercluster), Astrosat discoveries related to black hole, gamma ray sources etc. like fast-spinning black hole, new binary star, extended region in butterfly nebula, magnetic polarization in crab pulsarTrain-18Metro railsConversion of Diesel-electric locomotive to fully electricStructures like Bandra-worli Sea-link, Signature bridge, Sardar Sarovar dam, Statue of Unity, Chenab bridgeetc.etc.etc.- these are all nothing and are not testimony of India’s technical capabilities.Coming to Turbofan Jet engine, this is one of the most difficult machines humanity has ever built.If one asks, what does it take to develop high-end technology such as this?Answer: Talent and technical skill.Incorrect. At least very incomplete answer.Correct answer: Need, Talent, Technical skill, Experience, Time, Money, Infrastructure.Only few countries (Companies) can develop advanced jet engine. They are:USA (Pratt & Whitney, General Electric),UK (Roles Royce),France (Snecma),Russia (NPO Saturn, Klimov),Germany (1st to develop jet engine but now lagged although Rolls Royce designs and builds jet engines in Germany with their RR Deutschland division).[China is a new player after lot of struggle and with issues in their engine. China spent 3 decades in copying an outdated British engine and after a disastrous result, they had to thoroughly reset Chinese jet industry and finally succeeded in developing modern working and useful engine (but still with issues). (Zhou Wenda's answer to Has China succeeded in building a jet engine?)]Is there anything special about those countries except China? They took part in 1st and 2nd World War directly. They all have a long history of military technology development. Some are almost century old companies. After WW2 USA and USSR (Russia) also involved decades-long Cold war which was also a severe technological war (competition) between these two superpowers.So they needed technology. They started long ago.So they have a lot of experience.andThey expends money like anything (to develop technology).Yes. That’s also a very very vital criteria.Research and Development budget of some of these countries (in billion USD) [Source: Wikipedia]:USA: 511 (2.744% of GDP PPP)China: 452 (2.107%)Japan: 165.7 (3.147%)Germany: 118.8 (2.94%)France: 60.0 (2.256%)UK: 44.8 (1.701%)Russia: 42.6 (1.187%)India: 66.5 (0.85%)See the percentage? Theirs are lot higher.WW2 countries are already ahead in military technolohy because of the head start they got so comparing Defense R&D budget with China:China: around 40 billion USD (~20% of defense budget)India: 2.78 billion USD (2018) (5–6% of defense budget)[1][1][1][1]Jet engine development expenditure:India (GTRE Kaveri program): 640 million USD (in 32 years, 1986)China: 22 billion USD (in only 5 years- from 2010–15- along with research activities of previous 3 decades with not much success)[2][2][2][2]We can see how tiny our R&D budget (in terms of percentage of GDP PPP), especially Defense R&D budget is. Spending on Kaveri is even smaller. Some ‘chintit nagrik’ will still say, “why such a waste of taxpayers’ money? DRDO is a failed organization. Kaveri is a failure.” Some ‘gyani’ people will also say, “Close DRDO and call a private firm. They will make an afterburner turbofan jet engine in 2 years.”Kaveri Program:It’s an ongoing program. Calling it a failure means GSLV of ISRO was also a failure as GSLV failed multiple times up to 2010 (although succeeded later in 2014 and never failed again but who the hell waits to see the success wasting taxpayers’ money! ISRO and GSLV is a failure. :/)Some of the Kaveri program milestones:1983: LCA conceptualized, Hunt for an engine for LCA1989: it was realized that no suitable engine is available. Kaveri program started[1990: India on the verge of economic collapse after USSR downfall1991: Opening up of economy by PM PVN Rao and FM MM Singh. Era of capitalism (still partially) started in India.]1995: Kabini-C1 and C2 cores developed1998: 350 hours of ground testing and 45 hours of altitude testing done. K1, K2, K3 prototypes developed.1999: Based on testing results, K4 was developed. K5, K6, K7, K8 and K9 prototypes are also developed with modifications and refinements.[Pokhran-2 nuclear test and several years of international sanction isolating from technological access]2001: Indigenous LCA flew with GE engine. Named ‘Tejas’ by PM Vajpayee.2002: Facing technical difficulties with blades and digital control technologies2004: failed in high altitude test in Russia (lack of testing infrastructure in India)2007: PM MMS’ scientific adviser Mr. M. Natarajan reported, 90–93% of expected performance realized2008: Kaveri had undergone 1,700 hours of tests. Kaveri program delinked from LCA program. Kaveri program was divided in two programs: K9+ (proceed with indigenous engine) and K10 (with help from some foreign agency; with the target of developing it for future 5th gen fighter AMCA)2010:i) 1880 hours of engine test completed on various prototypes of Kaveri Engine. 8 Kaveri Engines and 4 core engines manufactured, assembled and tested.ii) High Altitude testing on core engine completed successfully. Performance at different altitude and achieving speed of Mach 1 had been completed successfullyiii) K9 prototype was successfully flight tested in Russia (flying for a period of over one hour up to an altitude of 6,000 m on-board IL-76 aircraft). "The engine control, performance and health during the flight were found to be excellent. With this test, Kaveri engine has completed a major milestone of development programme," said DRDO.v) Kaveri with Snecma's new core (an uprated derivative of the M88-2 engine that powers the Rafale) provided 83–85 kN of maximum thrust.2011:i) First phase of Kaveri engine FTB (Flying Test Bed) trials have been completed successfully. The flight tests successfully carried out so far are up to 12 km maximum altitude and a maximum forward speed of 0.7 mach.ii) 2050 hours of test flight completed. 27 flights for 55 hours duration have been completed on testbed IL-76 aircraft.2012:2,200 hours of test (ground and altitude conditions) conducted. The following two major milestones have been achieved:Successful completion of Official Altitude Testing (OAT)Demonstration of First Block of flight of Kaveri Engine in Flying Test Bed (FTB)2014: DRDO decided to stop Kaveri program due to continuous shortcomings and issues but continue with some specific research areas.2016: Kaveri program revived as part of Rafale deal (although some ‘namdaar’s are calling it scam)2017: K5, K6, K7, K8, and K9 were tested for about 145 hours in total during which some critical and several tests like a transient test from idle to max reheat conditions carried out for the first time successfully. Safran did the audit and certified that engine had attained sufficient maturity to be integrated with a (fighter) aircraft for limited envelope flight testing. Kaveri engine reportedly will be able to generate 88.9 kN to 99 kN of Thrust with afterburner and will be used in Tejas in aero India 2019.2018: GTRE has initiated the process to conduct High-Altitude Tests of Safran-certified Kaveri with higher speed and altitude than in early tests.Some comparisons with other engines:Not too bad, what say?Some problems were (as in 2017):somewhat higher dry weight (as shown above)Somewhat lesser afterburner thrust (as shown above) than required for TejasLack of ‘Single Crystal blade technology’A noise in afterburner modeThese things are being sorted out with the help of Safran.So, it’s around 28 years with peanut budget and big economic and political problems in the middle with this much success. We shouldn’t call it a ‘failure’. And not the only testimony of India’s technical capabilities. French aerospace giant Snecma (now called ‘Safran’), with 50 years of jet engine development experience, took 13 years to start low-volume production of Rafale’s M88 engine.We need to have some patience. Kaveri (or some of its derivatives or successors) will power our loving Tejas, UCAV Ghatak and AMCA one day!Comparison chart source: Alpha Defense (Youtube channel)Footnotes[1] DRDO seeks enhanced budget, says China spending more on R&D[1] DRDO seeks enhanced budget, says China spending more on R&D[1] DRDO seeks enhanced budget, says China spending more on R&D[1] DRDO seeks enhanced budget, says China spending more on R&D[2] China ‘closer to perfecting its aircraft jet engines for J-15’[2] China ‘closer to perfecting its aircraft jet engines for J-15’[2] China ‘closer to perfecting its aircraft jet engines for J-15’[2] China ‘closer to perfecting its aircraft jet engines for J-15’

California does not permit a deduction of California corporation franchise or income taxes or any other taxes on, according to, or measured by net income or profits. Such taxes that are shown on Form 100, Schedule A, must be added to income by entering the amount on Side 1, line 2 or line 3 (see Schedule A, column (d) for the amount to be added to income). California does not permit a deduction for environmental taxes imposed by IRC Section 59A. The LLC fee is not a tax, R&TC Section 17942; therefore, it is deductible.

My 3 top Neo-soul artists are D'Angelo, Robert Glasper, and Jose James. If you are curious, you can check out their entire discography and see what you like.But here are a few titles that can help to get started:D'Angelo:Brown sugarUntitledFeel like making loveSugar daddy$***, Damn, M**********r (very explicit though, as you can tell)Jose James:TroubleIt's all over your bodyVanguardAngelCome to my doorRobert Glasper:Afro blueFTB / gonna be alrightSmells like teen spiritBig girl bodyGet luckyPS: I really love their live versions more than the album ones (except Jose James, album version somehow sounds better). So much more ideas and spontaneity.