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This 2015 paper from Stefano Maggiolo covered some statistics on this topic.# Female Contestants in the IOI in the last 15 years2000: 4 in 268 (1.6%)2001: 5 in 261 (2.0%)2002: 4 in 272 (1.5%)2003: 3 in 261 (1.2%)2004: 4 in 298 (1.4%)2005: 5 in 281 (1.8%)2006: 5 in 289 (1.8%)2007: 11 in 280 (3.9%)2008: 9 in 284 (3.3%)2009: 14 in 302 (4.6%)2010: 10 in 306 (3.3%)2011: 4 in 303 (1.3%)2012: 3 in 316 (0.9%)2013: 6 in 299 (2.0%)2014: 10 in 315 (3.2%)More complete table with both data of contestants + team leaders:Interesting statistics from the paper:The highest % of women is in 1995, where countries can bring 5 contestants if the team is gender mixed.The average participation was 4.4% (1989-1994) and 2.2% (1996-2014)22 out of 69 countries that have sent >= 40 contestants, haven't had any female contestants.Only 22.1% of female contestants end up earning a medal, vs 50.8% of male contestants.Female participation in IOI is worse than IMO (just below 10%)The stats above put together, in an 'average' IOI year (2.2% female contestants, 22.1% of them earning a medal) with, say, 300 contestants: there is only 1.45 female medalists, with 149.0 male medalists.That's pretty crazy.

The Earth’s axial tilt is currently 23.5 degrees. It changes over 40,000 year cycles from a high of 24.5 to a low of 22.1 degrees. Higher tilt means more extreme seasons. In other words, warmer summers and colder winters. At the higher end of the scale the polar ice expands and results in a compounded effect in conjunction with the increasing albedo resulting in the glacial expansion, sometimes termed “ice ages“.So, an axial tilt of 30° would have a very significant effect on this particular climatic response. The effects would likely be no less than full year glaciation in the higher latitudes as well as significant changes in much of the alpine zone climates, globally.It’s entirely possible that with the effect of the increased albedo due to the permanent snow cover, there may be a positive feedback loop that results In increasing glacial coverage to the point where a significant part the Northern hemisphere maybe ice covered. It’s unclear if the warmer corresponding summers would be enough to counter this compounded effect.

Jon Worth who provides regular flowcharts showing his estimation of likely future events now puts the chance of leaving on 31st October with No Deal at 1%. That means the chance of Brexit being delayed beyond 31st October is about 99%.Note this covers the case where a deal (e.g. a modified form of May’s withdrawal agreement) is approved by parliament before 31st October, because even in the case of agreeing a deal we now still need an extension just to pass the required legislation to implement it.The attached image is version 22.1 of the flowchart, he’s been doing this for a while.Question: What are the odds that Brexit will be delayed beyond the 31st of October 2019?