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Instituted by the British the Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 is an important act for the tribal population of Jharkhand. It restricts transfer of tribal land to non tribals. The CNT Act is effective in North Chhota Nagpur, South Chhota Nagpur and Palamau divisions, including areas under various municipalities and notified area committees.So far, the CNT Act has been amended as many as 26 times, latest in 1995. It is listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution, so the act is beyond judicial review. It can only be repealed by the Parliament; the state government can only make amendments to it. Currently over 20,000 cases of land restoration are pending across Jharkhand, pointing to the blatant violation of the Act.In 1962 the Bihar government amended the CNT Act to include “economically weaker castes (EWCs)” belonging to the SC and OBC. The original Act applied only to the lands of Scheduled tribes (STs) and vested the power of land transfer on the plea of the right owner, with the deputy commissioner (DC). It notified a list of backward classes, the sale of whose land would be restricted as per the CNT Act.Underlined features:Provisions 46 and 49 of the CNT Act regulate sale and purchase of tribal land. Section 46 allows tribal to tribal land transfer but with the permission of the Deputy Commissioner.Contrary to popular belief, the CNT Act also allows transfer of land from tribals to non-tribals under Section 49. This can be done only for industries or agriculture. Restrictions and procedures are specified in the relevant Sections of the Act. As per the Section 49 of the CNT Act, tribal land can be sold to non-tribals too but only for the purpose of putting up industries or for agriculture work — but in this case the permission requirement has been changed. Rather than deputy commissioners (as provided in the original Act), permission is needed from the revenue department.There is also a provision that the Government can withdraw land transfer if it is not used for industrial and public purposes like hospitals or schools. But there are numerous cases where the land was used otherwise.These two provisions, coupled with the unfettered power of the state to acquire land in “public interest”, have undoubtedly led to the alienation of vast tracts of tribal land throughout the state. This has happened in spite of the revenue department’s fixed ceilings for different areas, below which rate no land can be registered.Section 71 of the Act offers relief against fraudulent purchases. The victim can apply for restoration of land under this Section. Prime plots owned by the tribals in urban areas like Ranchi are always eyed by non-tribal builders who would like acquire such plots and then sell them after development at higher prices.Latest Court Order on the CNT ActA Brief Background“According to the section 46(A) of the Chhota Nagpur Tenancy (CNT) Act 1908, an Adivasi can transfer their land only to another Adivasi resident of the same police station, with the permission of the Deputy Commissioner (DC). Similarly, Section 46(B) of the CNT Act states that the SCs and OBCs can also transfer their land to members of their community within the area of a district with the permission of the DC.”Immediately after coming to power in September 2010, the Arjun Munda government issued a directive asking officials to “strictly” adhere to the Section 46 of CNT Act that allows a tribal to sell his land to another tribal. But the under pressure from the builders’ lobby, it issued another notification “staying” the previous one. It was challenged in the High Court which quashed the stay notification and ordered strict implementation of the CNT Act.The Verdict and Its ImpactThe Jharkhand High Court order of January 25, 2012 made deputy commissioner’s consent mandatory for transfer of land belonging to backward classes and Scheduled Castes in the context of the CNT Act. The authorities have been allowing land transfer without DCs approval assuming that it was required only for transfer of tribal lands.After the Court’s order, the land transferred of Adivasis, Dalits and OBCs was stopped in the state, which hit the real estate business, illegal land grab by the corporate houses, and illegal land transfer to the outsiders. It clearly meant that the procedures laid down in the CNT Act were never taken seriously or followed strictly!!This left the builders’ lobby highly disappointed; it had indulged in large scale purchase of tribal lands for real estate development in collaboration with politicians and business community. So, now the state government is trying to come up with some possible amendment that would ease the pains of the builders.My take:Although you've requested for an unbiased view, it isn't possible for an individual to keep off from taking sides in a contentious issue as such. In fact it's extremely important to put forth your opinion & surely it musn't elicit diatribes, a healthy precedent in an active democracy.Issues as such would always be politicised, a major flaw of our times. Nevertheless, CNT is here to stay. The tribal populace has languished at the nether end of social strata, shunned & ostracized for centuries. As a society it's incumbent on us rather a moral obligation to right the greatest wrong.Tribals have an inalienable right on land & this can never be forsaken. Although, some mediation maybe necessary progress & industrialization is urgently wanted particularly in the hinterlands of Jharkhand to finally exorcise the menace of Naxalism but, usurping land for some superficial industrialization which rarely trickles to the masses can never be the solution, that's for sure.Source: https://socialissuesindia.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/why-chhota-nagpur-tenancy-cnt-act-fails-to-protect-jharkhand-tribals/

How to Apply for Section 8 Housing - Can You Sign Up Online?How to Apply for Section 8 HousingLow-income families in the United States who would like to learn where to sign up for unemployment benefits or housing assistance can do so by visiting an unemployment office or a public housing authority office in their area. If you are wondering how can I sign up for Section 8? The application procedure for a housing choice voucher is simple, if you meet all the requirements and submit the necessary documents. The Section 8 Program, also known as the Housing Choice Voucher Program, is funded by the federal government and was established to provide financial assistance to low-income families who are unable to afford a decent home. The program is locally administered by public housing authorities that receive funds from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.Eligible families are put on a waiting list, and once they reach the top, they are given a housing voucher. The family can then search for a rental unit that must adhere to the sanitary and health standards and the voucher is used to pay a portion of the rent directly to the landlord. The main eligibility requirement is based on the family’s gross annual income, which must be 80, 50 or 30 percent from the median area income. The income limits are published by the PHA each year, and low-income families must meet additional requirements as well to be eligible for Section 8.To find out more about the application process for Section 8 and the documents you need to prepare, read the sections outlined below:How can I sign up for Section 8 Housing?How to prepare to apply for Section 8 housingHow can I sign up for Section 8 Housing?If you meet all eligibility requirements set by your state public housing agencies, you are ready to learn how to apply for Section 8 online or in person, depending on your state. Note that meeting all eligibility requirements at the time of applying does not deem you eligible when your name reaches the top of the waiting list. Waiting times can be lengthy and sometimes take years to get a housing voucher.Additionally, income limits are different for each state and even counties. Citizens who are interested in applying for the program can find detailed information on the requirements and median income averages by visiting their nearest PHA, where they can also obtain an application. To help low-income families complete the process easily, housing authorities have also enabled the submission of online applications for Section 8 in many states. One such example is Montana, where applicants can fill out an application in a few simple steps and avoid waiting in lines at the PHA. The online system will ask you to enter personal and family information about everyone in your household. First, you will need to enter your family’s gross annual income. Next, you must enter information about the head of the household and every family member such as:Full namesDates of birthSocial Security NumbersGendersEthnicity and raceHousehold status (specify whether any family member is pregnant, disabled or elderly)Family sizeAll of the aforementioned information must be accurate. If any of your personal details change, you must complete a Waiting List Information Change Form and submit it to the appropriate agency. The third part of the online application for Section 8 must contain details about your family income – more specifically, information about your salaries, assets and any other sources of income. Once you have completely filled out your application and submitted it, the appropriate department will review your details. If it is considered approved, you will then be put on a waiting list.How to Prepare to Apply for Section 8 HousingBefore you submit a paper or online application for Section 8, you must prepare certain documents and information that may be required. Additionally, your application must contain accurate and up-to-date details about you and your family. In order to provide a complete form, make sure to have all necessary documents at hand. Also, once you submit the application, the public housing agency may contact you for supporting documents, such as proof of identity or citizenship. Note that the PHA will run a background check to make sure that you have provided accurate information regarding your income, identity and other details. If your application is approved, a PHA worker will contact you for an interview and may ask you to bring additional documents for review, such as:Proof of identity (ID card, passport, driver’s license, Social Security card).Proof of citizenship or legal immigrant status.Proof of income (pay stub, benefit award letter, bank statement).During the interview, a PHA worker will confirm your eligibility and review the documents. You will be asked about your family and the worker will gather your documents. You will then be asked to sign all necessary forms and provide basic information about the program requirements, as well as your rights and responsibilities. If your application is approved, you will be put on a waiting list. When you reach the top of the waiting list, you will be called for a voucher briefing. Thereafter, a Request for Tenancy Approval package will be sent to you. Upon receiving the voucher and the RFTA, you can then start searching for a decent home in your preferred area.Sponsored ResultsHousing & Rent AssistanceGrant Assistance ProgramsLow Income Apartments for RentSection 8 ApartmentsResourcesEligibilityHow to ApplyWhat is Section 8?HUDHousing ListsFAQSponsored ResultsHousing & Rent AssistanceGrant Assistance ProgramsLow Income Apartments for RentSection 8 ApartmentsAdditional ArticlesPrograms For U.S. Citizens In NeedDisqualificationsFact SheetInformation for LandlordsHousing Authority Section 8 Waiting ListAdditional ResourcesAffordable housingGet your free credit reportApartments for rentCollege grants eligibilityConsolidate your debtSocial security disabilityCompare health insurance quotes nowWork injury compensation

Few are my observation and I will provide solutions with issues.1.Choosing wrong property management company:I suggest, never opt the service provider, who sub-lease your property because you may end up with poor returns and holding of your hefty security deposit by service provider. This will lead you to lose control of your own property. You may not know who stays in your property and conditions of property maintained.Never opt the service who have monthly recurring service cost. These companies not only have recurring monthly charge of around RS.1000. They also charge for maintenance, brokerage, statutory bills payment, cut on the monthly rent etc. When you pay charge on each and everything, why do you want to pay monthly service charge? Absolute cheat..2.Choosing wrong tenant :Now you can find suitable tenant through various property classifiers available in market. Most of the reputed classifier offers free listing like commonfloor.com, 99acres and Makaan etc..3. Not able to meet prospective tenant personally:Due to geographical constrain, you may not physically present to show your property to clients. I suggest you to seek the help of your family members, friends or colleagues in India. If you don't have any of these sources to help you. Seek the service provider like apartment maintenance officer, local brokers or property management service provider like us (www.pgnpropertymanagement.com)4. Not verifying tenant:Its importance to verify your tenant before renting your property. Geography is not a constrain to verify your tenant.You must get any of the government approved ID proof which contains passport size photo and permanent address in it. Id proof like aadhhar, driving licence and passport works. You must get company Id proof as well.Do some back ground check through internet via Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter etc.Police verification is not mandatory at all the states of India, I request you to please contact your know source for this help or seek service provider. Police verification is not mandatory for the state of Karnataka (Bangalore)5.Not able to execute rental agreement:You may not geographical present in Indian state to execute rental agreement. I suggest you to pass on the draft agreement to your tenant by email, tell your tenant to execute agreement, sign and post the agreement to your address. If you don't want your tenant to execute the agreement. Please seek the service provider like us to execute agreement. We have specific service of agreement execution with lawyer notary, tenant sign and delivered at your place.6.Financial transaction though wrong source:I suggest you to deal all the financial transaction directly with your prospective tenant instead through property management service provider. Most of the property management service provider are sub leasing your property, where they will cut hefy % of rent and security deposit while transaction.Deal all the transaction with your prospective tenant through wire transfer.7. Not able to provide rental receipt :If your tenant demand rent receipt, please generate online rent receipt. Online rent receipt is valid.8.Not able to collect rent:Your tenant may fail to pay rent on time. This could be very tedious task for you to collect rent on time and disappointing to followup for every month.The basic part of rental is rent. If this is not paid on time, please terminate the tenancy. It's useless to retain such tenant. Such tenants are utterly waste and frustrating. Please reach us if you want a local guide to follow up on rental remittance to your bank account. We have the specific service of rental follow up.9.Not available for tenancy termination to assess property:Your tenant may terminate the tenancy at any point of time or very short time of notice period. It could be a concern for you to be in property to assess the damage, structural change, security deposit settlement,mending and renovation.I suggest you to co-ordinate to your know source of family members or friends to know actual assement of property during termination.We (www.pgnpropertymanagement.com) have specific service of tenancy termination. We inspect your property and assess the breakage and structural changes done by moving-out tenant. Reports are updated with snaps. We coordinate on security deposit settlement with moving-out tenant.10. Improper renovation:Property maintenance like painting, cleaning, pest control, plumbing, carpentry and electric are vital to maintenance property. Try to source local vendor to manage ataffordable cost. This cost are quite expensive through 3rd party service providers.We have in-house painter. We provide purchase bill for raw material purchase and labour cost for renovation work.11. Non payment of bills:Statutory bills like property tax, water bill, electricity bill, water bills and telephone bill could be paid online instead offline. You have option to leave this bills to tenant.Thank you.http://www.pgnpropertymanagement.com An end to end product management company in Bangalore.We never sub-lease your property and we don't have monthly recurring service charge. We charge only on task basis. Our price are very competitive and affordable in market.Reach us +91 - 9742479020 (also available on WhatsApp for instant communication)Email : [email protected]