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Interesting question.The legacy of Stanley Kubrick and the Kubrick Archives | OUPblogRothko and Kubrick do Roma BY ELISABETH ROSENTHALOctober 8, 2007 9:12 pm , This week, the Palazzo delle Esposizioni re-opened after a 5 year rennovation, with a somewhat incongruous duo of exhibits: one on the artist Mark Rothko and the other on the director Stanley Kubrick. Hmmm. The best piece of advice I got when I first came to Rome is that you never ask “why ?” Rothko and Kubrick ? Don’t try to explain it, just enjoy.Rothko and Kubrick do Roma‘’Academic writing on Kubrick in the 1970s remained focused on the formal qualities of his work, and this, allied to the dehumanised visions he was crafting, contributed significantly to the belief that he was a cold, intellectual and misanthropic filmmaker (Feldman 1976). An important academic intervention came in 1980 with “Tectonics of the Mechanical Man”, a chapter in A Cinema of Loneliness, Robert Kolker’s classic account of the New Hollywood. Exploring in detail the formal design and thematic intent of Kubrick’s films, Kolker claimed that, despite his ability to compete at the box office, Kubrick had “more in common with Mark Rothko than with Steven Spielberg” (2011: 107). The chapter proved hugely influential (a number of articles in this issue are indebted to it, especially its focus on spatial design and entrapment), but it also countered the notion that Kubrick was any kind of misanthrope, arguing that his films were carefully designed to distance the audience in order to provoke complex emotional and intellectual responses. After all, who cannot find themselves compelled by Alice’s devastating revelations of sexual fantasy in Eyes Wide Shut, or the hysterical breakdown of Barry at the loss of his child in Barry Lyndon. Like Rothko’s elusive and ambiguous paintings, Kubrick’s films combine formal precision with powerful, intense and mysterious images that have become iconic within our cultural consciousness. As Kolker says of his own experience of Kubrick’s films and in particular Eyes Wide Shut, “like so many Kubrick scholars, I want to write about it, explain it, explore it, perhaps as a means to find its heart. Sometimes I think I have found it – this puzzle about sexuality, privilege, and celebrity – but mostly I think that it will always exceed my grasp” (2011: 42).’’Stanley Kubrick: A Retrospective. Introduction James Fenwick* I.Q. Hunter† Elisa Pezzotta‡ Published: 4th December 2017References : Anon. ( January 1971). “Ted Ashley Leads WB Echelon to London.” Variety 261(9): 6. Broderick, Mick (Summer 2017). “Post-Kubrick Dossier.” Screening the Past (42). Broderick, Mick (2017). Reconstructing Strangelove: Inside Stanley Kubrick’s Nightmare Comedy. LondonNew York: Wallflower Press. Church, David (May 2006). “The ‘Cult’ of Kubrick.” Offscreen 10(5). Daniels, Richard, Tatjana Ljujic, and Peter Krämer (2015). Stanley Kubrick: New Perspectives. London: Black Dog. Egan, Kate (2015). “Precious Footage of the Auteur at Work: Framing, Accessing, Using and Cultifying Vivian Kubrick’s Making the Shining.” New Review of Film and Television Studies 13(1): 63-82. Feldman, Hans (Autumn 1976). “Kubrick and His Discontents.” Film Quarterly 30(1): 12-19. Stanley Kubrick: A Retrospective. Introduction p. 6 Stanley Kubrick: A Retrospective. Introduction Cinergie. N.12 (2017) Fenwick, James (2017). “The Eady Levy, ‘The Envy of Most Other European Nations’: Runaway Productions and the British Film Fund in the early 1960s.” In The Routledge Companion to British Cinema History, edited by I.Q. Hunter, L. Porter, and J. Smiths, 191-99. London: Routledge. Fenwick, James, I.Q. Hunter, and Elisa Pezzotta (2017). “The Stanley Kubrick Archive: A Dossier of New Research.” Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 37(3): 367-435. Hunter, I.Q. (2016). Cult Film As A Guide to Life: Fandom, Adaptation and Identity. London-New York: Bloomsbury. Hunter, I.Q. (2015). “Kubrick and Adaptation.” Adaptation 8(3). Kagan, Norman (1989). The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick. New York: Continuum. Kolker, Robert (2011). A Cinema of Loneliness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kolker, Robert (2017a). The Extraordinary Image: Orson Welles, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, and the Reimagining of Cinema. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. Kolker, Robert (26 July 2017b). “The Legacy of Stanley Kubrick and the Kubrick Archives.” https://blog.oup. com/2017/07/stanley-kubrick-archives/ (last accessed 7-08-17). Krämer, Peter (2010). 2001: A Space Odyssey. London: British Film Institute. Krämer, Peter (2011). A Clockwork Orange. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Krämer, Peter (2015). “Complete Total Final Annihilating Artistic Control: Stanley Kubrick and Post-War Hollywood.” In Stanley Kubrick: New Perspectives, edited by Tatjana Ljujic, Peter Krämer, and Richard Daniels, 48-61. London: Black Dog Publishing. Krämer, Peter (2014). Dr. Strangelove. London: British Film Institute. Kuberski, Philip (2012). Kubrick’s Total Cinema: Philosophical Themes and Formal Qualities. London: Bloomsbury. Luckhurst, Roger (2013). The Shining. London: British Film Institute. Mather, Philippe (2013). Stanley Kubrick at Look Magazine: Authorship and Genre in Photojournalism and Film. Bristol: Intellect. McQuiston, Kate (2013). We’ll Meet Again: Musical Design in the Films of Stanley Kubrick. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pezzotta, Elisa (2003). Critica della critica: il caso Eyes Wide Shut. M.A. thesis. Bergamo: University of Bergamo. Pipolo, Tony (Spring 2002). “The Modernist & the Misanthrope: The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick.” Cineaste 27(2): 4-39. Pramaggiore, Maria (2015). Making Time in Stanley Kubrick’s Barry Lyndon: Art, History, and Empire. London: Bloomsbury. Wollen, Peter (1972). Signs and Meaning in the Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Hello!I know this one for you…Unsurprisingly, Trump’s way off, again! Republicans have concocted a message of their own that they repeat endlessly: Do-nothing congressional Democrats have failed to work across the aisle or to generate any useful legislation since Trump arrived at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.This flat-out fabrication is no surprise coming from the man of 15,000 lies and his evil, Republican toadies. And, as disinformation specialists know so well, repeat a lie often enough and a certain portion of the populace will believe it’s true. You can fool some of the people all of the time, and that obviously can be enough to achieve whatever scheme you have in mind. Saying Democrats have not done anything can act like an ad jingle, permanently engraving BS on the brain of fooled people.But as always, I’ll provide you the facts and figures. Below is a linked list of bills the House had passed as of Dec. 5, 283 of which Democrats call “bipartisan.” To get that label, a bill only requires a single vote from across the aisle, and a few of these bills only received one. But some received overwhelming Republican support in the House. This makes no difference to McConnell.Of the 383 bills that have been passed by the House, 82% are still bottled up in the Senate. This list does not include House resolutions. If you click here, you can see bills and resolutions that have passed the House and the Senate and become law, bills that have passed the House and the Senate and are awaiting action by the White House, and bills that have passed the House and are awaiting action in the Senate.LIST OF BILLS PASSED BY THE HOUSE AND AWAITING ACTION IN THE SENATESource: Search Bills in CongressExamples of Bipartisan House Bills Stalled in the Senate Include:H.R.5, Equality ActH.R.6, The American Dream and Promise ActH.R.7, Paycheck Fairness ActH.R.8, Bipartisan Background Checks ActH.R.9, Climate Action Now ActH.R.987, Protecting People With Pre-Existing Conditions/Lowering Drug CostsH.R.582, Raise The Wage ActH.R.397, Rehabilitation For Multiemployer Pensions Act (The Butch Lewis Act)H.R.1585, Violence Against Women Reauthorization ActH.R.1644, Save The Internet ActH.R 2722, Securing America’s Federal Elections (SAFE) ActH.R.2513, The Corporate Transparency ActH.R.1112, Enhanced Background ChecksH.R.1994, Secure Act/Gold Star Family Tax Relief ActH.R.205, 1146, 1941 – Banning Offshore Drilling on Atlantic, Pacific, Eastern Gulf & ANWR CoastsH.R.1423, Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal (FAIR) ActMore than 30 bills to support veteransOther Examples of Bills Stalled in the Senate that Democrats Support:H.R.1, For The People ActH.R.4617, Stopping Harmful Interference in Elections for a Lasting Democracy (SHIELD) ActH.R.1500, Consumers First ActThe first 283 are “bipartisan.” The final 32 were supported by Democrats only.H.R. 648: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican Votes)H.R. 21: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (7 Republican Votes)H.R. 2440: Full Utilization of the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Act (79 Republican votes)H.R. 693: U.S. Senator Joseph D. Tydings Memorial Prevent All Soring Tactics Act of 2019 (100 Republican Votes)H.R. 1654: Federal Register Modernization Act (195 Republican Votes)H.R. 116: Investing in Main Street Act of 2019 (180 Republican votes)H.R. 2114: Enhancing State Energy Security Planning and Emergency Preparedness Act of 2019 (Republican cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 987: Strengthening Health Care and Lowering Prescription Drug Costs Act (5 Republican votes)H.R. 2083: Homeland Procurement Reform Act (Republican cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1759: BRIDGE for Workers Act (167 Republican Votes)H.R. 266: Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican votes)H.R. 267: Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (12 Republican votes)H.R. 265: Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican votes)H.R. 264: Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 (8 Republican Votes)H.R. 2528: STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 (4 Republican Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 4477: Reducing High Risk to Veterans and Veterans Services Act (Republican Cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 539: Innovators to Entrepreneurs Act of 2019 (171 Republican votes)H.R. 583: Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act (5 Republican Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 728: Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 (21 Republican cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1781: Payment Commission Data Act of 2019 (6 Republican cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 226: Clarity on Small Business Participation in Category Management Act of 2019 (183 Republican votes)H.R. 823: Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act (5 R Votes)H.R. 2578: National Flood Insurance Program Extension Act of 2019 (R Cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3153: EFFORT Act (9 R Cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 2486: FUTURE Act (8 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 986: Protecting Americans with Preexisting Conditions Act of 2019 (4 R votes)H.R. 2781: Educating Medical Professionals and Optimizing Workforce Efficiency and Readiness for Health Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 647: Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (101 R Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1837: United States-Israel Cooperation Enhancement and Regional Security Act (149 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1582: Electronic Message Preservation Act (R Cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1503: Orange Book Transparency Act of 2019 (191 R votes)H.R. 1520: Purple Book Continuity Act of 2019 (192 R votes)H.R. 550: Merchant Mariners of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2019 (101 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 3624: Outsourcing Accountability Act of 2019 (2 R votes)H.R. 3352: Department of State Authorization Act of 2019 (R cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1912: DHS Acquisition Documentation Integrity Act of 2019 (R cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 424: Department of Homeland Security Clearance Management and Administration Act (R cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3702: Reforming Disaster Recovery Act of 2019 (71 R votes)H.R. 397: Rehabilitation for Multiemployer Pensions Act of 2019 (29 R votes)H.R. 3207: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 114 Mill Street in Hookstown, Pennsylvania, as the “Staff Sergeant Dylan Elchin Post Office Building”. (9 R cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 3152: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 456 North Meridian Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, as the “Richard G. Lugar Post Office”. (7 R cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 806: Portable Fuel Container Safety Act of 2019 (10 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3619: Appraisal Fee Transparency Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2035: Lifespan Respite Care Reauthorization Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3375: Stopping Bad Robocalls Act (195 R Votes)H.R. 1365: To make technical corrections to the Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition Act. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2359: Whole Veteran Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1404: Vladimir Putin Transparency Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1271: Vet HP Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 246: Stimulating Innovation through Procurement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 227: Incentivizing Fairness in Subcontracting Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted )H.R. 3460: End Neglected Tropical Diseases Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1446: Multinational Species Conservation Funds Semipostal Stamp Reauthorization Act of 2019 (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2115: Public Disclosure of Drug Discounts and Real-Time Beneficiary Drug Cost Act (184 R Votes)H.R. 1618: Nicholas and Zachary Burt Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1420: Energy Efficient Government Technology Act (164 R Votes)H.R. 1768: Diesel Emissions Reduction Act of 2019 (76 R Votes)H.R. 526: Cambodia Democracy Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2507: Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2019 (16 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1359: Digital GAP Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 375: To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian Tribes, and for other purposes. (101 R Votes)H.R. 2409: Expanding Access to Capital for Rural Job Creators Act (185 R Votes)H.R. 1328: ACCESS BROADBAND Act (11 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1585: Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2019 (33 R Votes)H.R. 762: Streamlining Energy Efficiency for Schools Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 501: Poison Center Network Enhancement Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 502: FIND Trafficking Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1952: Intercountry Adoption Information Act of 2019 (182 R Votes)H.R. 1616: European Energy Security and Diversification Act of 2019 (167 R Votes)H.R. 525: Strengthening the Health Care Fraud Prevention Task Force Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4803: Citizenship for Children of Military Members and Civil Servants Act (6 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4018: To provide that the amount of time that an elderly offender must serve before being eligible for placement in home detention is to be reduced by the amount of good time credits earned by the prisoner, and for other purposes. (5 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4634: Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2019 (167 R Votes)H.R. 1773: Rosie the Riveter Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2019 (64 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3734: Successful Entrepreneurship for Reservists and Veterans Act (193 R Votes)H.R. 4842: Expositions Provide Opportunities Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4695: Protect Against Conflict by Turkey Act (176 R Votes)H.R. 3942: Preventing Online Sales of E-Cigarettes to Children Act (16 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2426: Copyright Alternative in Small-Claims Enforcement Act of 2019 (185 R Votes)H.R. 95: Homeless Veteran Families Act (192 R Votes)H.R. 3190: Burma Unified through Rigorous Military Accountability Act of 2019 (170 R Votes)H.R. 3589: Greg LeMond Congressional Gold Medal Act (75 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1984: DISASTER Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3409: Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1665: Building Blocks of STEM Act (3 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 34: Energy and Water Research Integration Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 736: Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act (9 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2331: SBA Cyber Awareness Act (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2615: United States-Northern Triangle Enhanced Engagement Act (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1044: Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2019 (140 R Votes)H.R. 951: United States-Mexico Tourism Improvement Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1994: Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019 (187 R Votes)H.R. 2326: Navy SEAL Chief Petty Officer William “Bill” Mulder (Ret.) Transition Improvement Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2116: Global Fragility Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2480: Stronger Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 624: Promoting Transparent Standards for Corporate Insiders Act (189 R Votes)H.R. 31: Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (21 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 115: Protecting Diplomats from Surveillance Through Consumer Devices Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 133: United States-Mexico Economic Partnership Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2181: Chaco Cultural Heritage Area Protection Act of 2019 (17 R Votes)H.R. 4344: Investor Protection and Capital Markets Fairness Act (93 R Votes)H.R. 4360: VA Overpayment Accountability Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4771: VA Tele-Hearing Modernization Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4356: Protecting Families of Fallen Servicemembers Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 3526: Counter Terrorist Network Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 3691: TRANSLATE Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2852: Homebuyer Assistance Act of 2019 (192 R Votes)H.R. 542: Supporting Research and Development for First Responders Act (179 R Votes)H.R. 1892: Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Technical Corrections Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 1414: FinCEN Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 995: Settlement Agreement Information Database Act of 2019 (195 R Votes)H.R. 1063: Presidential Library Donation Reform Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 449: Pathways to Improving Homeland Security at the Local Level Act (183 R Votes)H.R. 1617: KREMLIN Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1381: Burn Pit Registry Enhancement Act (187 R Votes)H.R. 1309: Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act (32 R Votes)H.R. 1632: Southeast Asia Strategy Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 835: Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 7: Paycheck Fairness Act (7 R Votes)H.R. 758: Cooperate with Law Enforcement Agencies and Watch Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 1830: National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coin Act (88 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 36: Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 277: ASCEND Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4162: GI Bill Planning Act of 2019 (187 R Votes)H.R. 3246: Traveling Parents Screening Consistency Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2229: First Responders Passport Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 748: Middle Class Health Benefits Tax Repeal Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 1649: Small Business Development Center Cyber Training Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1876: Senior Security Act of 2019 (172 R Votes)H.R. 450: Preventing Crimes Against Veterans Act of 2019 (191 R Votes)H.R. 221: Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Act (185 R Votes)H.R. 2385: To permit the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to establish a grant program to conduct cemetery research and produce educational materials for the Veterans Legacy Program. (192 R Votes)H.R. 425: Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 113: All-American Flag Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 263: To rename the Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge as the Congressman Lester Wolff Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 925: North American Wetlands Conservation Extension Act (12 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 737: Shark Fin Sales Elimination Act of 2019 (89 R Votes)H.R. 4029: Tribal Access to Homeless Assistance Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4300: Fostering Stable Housing Opportunities Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3661: Patriotic Employer Protection Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3224: Deborah Sampson Act (177 R Votes)H.R. 4334: Dignity in Aging Act of 2019 (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4067: Financial Inclusion in Banking Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2514: Coordinating Oversight, Upgrading and Innovating Technology, and Examiner Reform Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 777: Debbie Smith Reauthorization Act of 2019 (178 R Votes)H.R. 598: Georgia Support Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4406: Small Business Development Centers Improvement Act of 2019 (157 R Votes)H.R. 4405: Women’s Business Centers Improvements Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4387: To establish Growth Accelerator Fund Competition within the Small Business Administration, and for other purposes. (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3329: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 5186 Benito Street in Montclair, California, as the “Paul Eaton Post Office Building”. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1833: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 35 Tulip Avenue in Floral Park, New York, as the “Lieutenant Michael R. Davidson Post Office Building”. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4270: Placing Restrictions on Teargas Exports and Crowd Control Technology to Hong Kong Act (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3722: Joint Task Force to Combat Opioid Trafficking Act of 2019 (184 R Votes)H.R. 1595: Secure And Fair Enforcement Banking Act of 2019 (91 R Votes)H.R. 2327: Burma Political Prisoners Assistance Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1423: Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal Act (2 R Votes)H.R. 2134: Helen Keller National Center Reauthorization Act of 2019 (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1941: Coastal and Marine Economies Protection Act (12 R Votes)H.R. 3670: Short-Term Detention Standards Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 549: Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 (39 R Votes)H.R. 434: Emancipation National Historic Trail Study Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2397: American Manufacturing Leadership Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3196: Vera C. Rubin Observatory Designation Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2037: Saudi Arabia Human Rights and Accountability Act of 2019 (178 R Votes)H.R. 2142: To amend the Small Business Act to require the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman to create a centralized website for compliance guides, and for other purposes. (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 677: 21st Century President Act (40 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1988: Protecting Affordable Mortgages for Veterans Act of 2019 (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2515: Whistleblower Protection Reform Act of 2019 (181 R Votes)H.R. 2109: BRAVE Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2476: Securing American Nonprofit Organizations Against Terrorism Act of 2019 (18 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1237: COAST Research Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2333: Support for Suicide Prevention Coordinators Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2340: FIGHT Veteran Suicides Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 753: Global Electoral Exchange Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1437: Securing Department of Homeland Security Firearms Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1594: First Responder Access to Innovative Technologies Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 920: Venezuela Arms Restriction Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1477: Russian-Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1112: Enhanced Background Checks Act of 2019 (3 R Votes)H.R. 8: Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019 (8 R Votes)H.R. 507: Put Trafficking Victims First Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 66: Route 66 Centennial Commission Act (171 R Votes)H.R. 428: Homeland Security Assessment of Terrorists’ Use of Virtual Currencies Act (191 R Votes)H.R. 56: Financial Technology Protection Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 676: NATO Support Act (149 R Votes)H.R. 328: Hack Your State Department Act (170 R Votes)H.R. 247: Federal CIO Authorization Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 136: Federal Intern Protection Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 135: Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 (193 R Votes)H.R. 1615: Verification Alignment and Service-disabled Business Adjustment Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3504: Ryan Kules Specially Adaptive Housing Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1850: Palestinian International Terrorism Support Prevention Act of 2019 (34 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 617: Department of Energy Veterans’ Health Initiative Act (25 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2140: Preventing Child Marriage in Displaced Populations Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2045: To amend title 38, United States Code, to establish in the Department the Veterans Economic Opportunity and Transition Administration, and for other purposes. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1812: Vet Center Eligibility Expansion Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 353: To direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes. (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1847: Inspector General Protection Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2066: DHS Intelligence Rotational Assignment Program Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1589: CBRN Intelligence and Information Sharing Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1122: Housing Choice Voucher Mobility Demonstration Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 974: Federal Reserve Supervision Testimony Clarification Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1064: To amend title 5, United States Code, to allow whistleblowers to disclose information to certain recipients. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1065: Social Media Use in Clearance Investigations Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 389: Kleptocracy Asset Recovery Rewards Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1306: Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 205: Protecting and Securing Florida’s Coastline Act of 2019 (22 R Votes)H.R. 759: Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas Equal and Fair Opportunity Settlement Act (12 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1307: Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 335: South Florida Clean Coastal Waters Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 988: NEAR Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1704: Championing American Business Through Diplomacy Act of 2019 (177 R Votes)H.R. 1199: VA Website Accessibility Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 565: AMIGOS Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3537: Veteran Entrepreneurship Training Act of 2019 (196 R Votes)H.R. 886: Veteran Treatment Court Coordination Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2513: Corporate Transparency Act of 2019 (25 R Votes)H.R. 1146: Arctic Cultural and Coastal Plain Protection Act (4 R Votes)H.R. 281: Ensuring Diverse Leadership Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1331: Local Water Protection Act (117 R Votes)H.R. 1716: Coastal Communities Ocean Acidification Act of 2019 (6 R Votes)H.R. 1921: Ocean Acidification Innovation Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 615: Refugee Sanitation Facility Safety Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 5: Equality Act (8 R Votes)H.R. 312: Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Reservation Reaffirmation Act (47 R Votes)H.R. 2502: Transparency in Federal Buildings Projects Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 596: Crimea Annexation Non-recognition Act (195 R Votes)H.R. 1472: To rename the Homestead National Monument of America near Beatrice, Nebraska, as the Homestead National Historical Park. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 499: Service-Disabled Veterans Small Business Continuation Act (194 R Votes)H.R. 1424: Fallen Warrior Battlefield Cross Memorial Act (22 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1775: Notice to Airmen Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4407: SCORE for Small Business Act of 2019 (171 R Votes)H.R. 3694: Helping Families Fly Act of 2019 (8 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2613: Advancing Innovation to Assist Law Enforcement Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 97: Rescuing Animals With Rewards Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2744: USAID Branding Modernization Act (186 R Votes)H.R. 3050: Expanding Investment in Small Businesses Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 2002: Taiwan Assurance Act of 2019 (20 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1235: MSPB Temporary Term Extension Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 769: Counterterrorism Advisory Board Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 192: Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2162: Housing Financial Literacy Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 752: Open Book on Equal Access to Justice Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 202: Inspector General Access Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1760: Advanced Nuclear Fuel Availability Act (R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 347: Responsible Disposal Reauthorization Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 3494: Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (171 R votes)H.R. 2539: Strengthening Local Transportation Security Capabilities Act of 2019 (167 R votes)H.R. 1037: Banking Transparency for Sanctioned Persons Act of 2019 (1 R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1388: Lytton Rancheria Homelands Act of 2019 (173 R votes)H.R. 498: Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (R sponsor)H.R. 9: Climate Action Now Act (3 R votes)H.R. 1644: Save the Internet Act of 2019 (1 R vote)H.R. 1060: BUILD Act (1 R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 91: Columbia River In-Lieu and Treaty Fishing Access Sites Improvement Act (171 R votes)H.R. 582: Raise the Wage Act (3 R votes)H.R. 1088: FIRST Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 255: Big Bear Land Exchange Act (R sponsor voice vote)H.R. 1663: Foundation of the Federal Bar Association Charter Amendments Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3996: VA Design-Build Construction Enhancement Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1496: Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 2589: Unifying DHS Intelligence Enterprise Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 241: Bank Service Company Examination Coordination Act of 2019 (R sponsor)H.R. 2609: DHS Acquisition Review Board Act of 2019 (191 R votes)H.R. 2590: DHS Overseas Personnel Enhancement Act of 2019 (179 R votes)H.R. 1947: To amend title 38, United States Code, to exempt transfers of funds from Federal agencies to the Department of Veterans Affairs for nonprofit corporations established under subchapter IV of chapter 73 of such title from certain provisions of t (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1313: Transit Security Grant Program Flexibility Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 317: Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians Land Affirmation Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 297: Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians Restoration Act of 2019 (173 R votes)H.R. 190: Expanding Contracting Opportunities for Small Businesses Act of 2019 (188 R votes)H.R. 4863: United States Export Finance Agency Act of 2019 (13 R votes)H.R. 1373: Grand Canyon Centennial Protection Act (9 R votes)H.R. 3525: U.S. Border Patrol Medical Screening Standards Act (2 R votes)H.R. 3239: Humanitarian Standards for Individuals in Customs and Border Protection Custody Act (1 R vote)H.R. 2722: SAFE Act (1 R vote)H.R. 6: American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (7 R votes)H.R. 840: Veterans’ Access to Child Care Act (178 R votes)H.R. 790: Federal Civilian Workforce Pay Raise Fairness Act of 2019 (29 R votes)H.R. 4860: Crowdfunding Amendments Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 5084: Improving Corporate Governance Through Diversity Act of 2019 (55 R votes)H.R. 1593: CLASS Act of 2019 (168 R votes)H.R. 3675: Trusted Traveler Reconsideration and Restoration Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 2345: Clarifying the Small Business Runway Extension Act (R sponsor, voice vote)Passed with Democratic votes only:H.R. 1608: Federal Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 2019H.R. 3351: Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020H.R. 2211: STURDY ActH.R. 182: To extend the authorization for the Cape Cod National Seashore Advisory Commission.H.R. 4625: Protect the GI Bill ActH.R. 1623: Help America Run ActH.R. 1815: SEC Disclosure Effectiveness Testing ActH.R. 3625: PCAOB Whistleblower Protection Act of 2019H.R. 2290: Shutdown Guidance for Financial Institutions ActH.R. 3299: Promoting Respect for Individuals’ Dignity and Equality Act of 2019H.R. 2943: Providing Benefits Information in Spanish and Tagalog for Veterans and Families ActH.R. 2919: Improving Investment Research for Small and Emerging Issuers ActH.R. 2372: Veterans’ Care Quality Transparency ActH.R. 495: FIRST State and Local Law Enforcement ActH.R. 206: Encouraging Small Business Innovation ActH.R. 128: Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2019H.R. 1487: Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Boundary Adjustment Study ActH.R. 876: Pacific Northwest Earthquake Preparedness Act of 2019 (Voice vote no R cosponsor)H.R. 4617: SHIELD ActH.R. 3710: Cybersecurity Vulnerability Remediation ActH.R. 3106: Domestic and International Terrorism DATA ActH.R. 2203: Homeland Security Improvement ActH.R. 1690: Carbon Monoxide Alarms Leading Every Resident To Safety Act of 2019H.R. 3620: Strategy and Investment in Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2019H.R. 2942: HEALTH ActH.R. 1261: National Landslide Preparedness ActH.R. 1433: Department of Homeland Security Morale, Recognition, Learning and Engagement Act of 2019H.R. 854: Humanitarian Assistance to the Venezuelan People Act of 2019H.R. 1: For the People Act of 2019H.R. 494: Tiffany Joslyn Juvenile Accountability Block Grant Reauthorization and Bullying Prevention and Intervention Act of 2019H.R. 543: To require the Federal Railroad Administration to provide appropriate congressional notice of comprehensive safety assessments conducted with respect to intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation.H.R. 1500: Consumers First ActI made it!! So I dare you Trump fans to refute this and make the false claim again that the House of Representatives isn’t looking out for the well-being of the American people. INCLUDING YOURSELVES!!!Sources: Search Bills in Congress and You know that trainload of hundreds of bills Senate Republicans have blocked? Here's a linked list

why Muslims hate this book ? of Salman Rushdie – The Satanic VersesDate written:1988Synopsis: Arguably the most controversial novel of the late twentieth century, The Satanic Verses was banned in India within a week of its publication, and within six months had given rise to a virulent international controversy over the proper limits on ‘freedom of speech’ and the true place and function of literature in society. The Satanic Verses is the story of two men, Gibreel Fasishta and Saladin Chamcha, who have survived the fall from an exploding plane and started to develop distinctly inhuman characteristics as a result. Rushdie’s narrative weaves as easily through modern Bombay and London as through ancient cities of sand, taking the reader into shared dreams, mad pilgrimages, and the violent birth of a new religion with keen insight and sharp irreverence that earned Rushdie international notoriety, and far worse.Notable figures:Gibreel Farishta – A vain, mentally unbalanced Indian film star who takes on many roles portraying gods. Adored by his fans and tensely tolerated by his industry colleagues, Gibreel is finally thrown off balance by surviving the fall from the Bostan and, in his dreamlike metamorphosis into his angelic namesake, wanders the streets as a schizophrenic. Gibreel is arrogant, jealous, and sometimes dishonest, but his candor about his own problems, even during dreams and fits of insanity, makes him a more sympathetic character than he might otherwise be.Saladin Chamcha – A voiceover artist and ardent anglophile, Chamcha’s transformation turns him into a devilish, goatlike creature to match his shortened temper and anguished disillusion with the western world and former Indian domestic life he believed to be invaluable.Pamela Lovelace – Saladin’s estranged wife, Pamela is a progressive activist and a bombshell westerner whose growing dissatisfaction with Chamcha becomes clear to her only after his reported death. When he returns, in his new goatish body, to find her having an extended affair with his best friend, Jumpy Joshi, Pamela is unfazed and unrepentant.Zeeny Vakil – Saladin’s lover, a doctor and a political activist.Mimi Mamoulian – Saladin’s partner/co-star in many of his voice impersonation/voiceover gigs, Mimi is practical, vulgar and kindhearted.Rushdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. New York: Picador, 2000.Salman Rushdie / The Satanic Verses 2Rekha Merchant – Gibreel’s former (married) lover, who commits suicide with her children when he leaves her. Rekha’s avenging spirit haunts Gibreel at intervals throughout the remainder of the novel.Alleluia Cone – A flat-footed mountain climber, Alleluia was once Gibreel’s lover but ends up repeatedly saving his life when he winds up at her doorstep in increasingly worse condition over the course of the story. Unfounded and explosive jealousy finally moves Gibreel to murder Alleluia and his old film industry supporter, S. S. Sisoda, in the gathering climax of the novel.Mahound – The prophet representing Muhammed in Rushdie’s text, whose name is taken from an old European slur on the Prophet’s name. Mahound is not portrayed as an entirely unworthy character, but his human character flaws and growing lust for power at any cost eventually overshadow his better traits. Mahound keeps a harem of twelve wives with him, who through a brothel of women who appropriate their names, become unexpectedly prominent characters in the text.Salman – A lapsed believer and Mahound’s former scribe, he lost his faith in the Prophet once he began deliberately changing the record of revelation, simply to see if Mahound was enough of a prophet to notice the difference. When Mahound let the changes slip by, Salman became disgusted and finally deserted the camp, coming to an uneasy alliance with the satirical poet Baal of Jahilia.Ayesha (I): the Prophet’s youngest and favorite wife.Ayesha (II): A young concubine who takes on Ayesha’s name and gains the affections of the disgraced poet Baal, posing as a guard in the brothel while in hiding from Mahound’s forces.Ayesha (III): A village girl and epileptic prophetess who led the people of her town on a grueling foot-hike to Mecca, taking them straight into the sea she believed she could part.Ayesha (IV): A cruel modern tyrant in Desh who has set herself against a powerful Imam (representing the deposed Shah of Iran).Bilal I: A former slave and faithful follower of MahoundBilal II: A fanatical acolyte of the modern ImamHind (I): The powerful, wrathful wife of Abu Simbel and longtime opponent of Mahound, she converts once she realizes that Mahound has gained control of her city. Having personally murdered Mahound’s uncle (ripping open his chest and eating his liver) in revenge for slaying her brothers, Hind acts to save her own life and remains a follower of the powerful sect until her death.Hind (II): The avaricious, coldhearted wife of Muhammed Sufyan, who grudgingly gives Chamcha shelter in her home.Mishal Akhtar: Mirza’s wife, slowly dying of breast cancer, who forms an attachment to the young prophetess Ayesha and insists on joining the march to Mecca over her husband’s furious protests.Rushdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. New York: Picador, 2000.Salman Rushdie / The Satanic Verses 3Mishal Sufyan: Hind and Muhammed Sufyan’s oldest daughter, she supports the angry, goatlike Chamcha through a painful time of coming to terms with his new body.Some Minor Characters:Karim Abu Simbel, Jumpy Joshi, Mirza Saeed Akhtar, Muhammed Sufyan, Khalid I, Khalid II, Hanif JohnsonBook notes (Points of controversy):On Saladin, the would-be Indian expat:“Salahuddin Chamchawala had understood by his thirteenth year that he was destined for that cool Vilayet full of the crisp promises of pounds sterling at which the magic billfold had hinted, and he grew increasingly impatient of that Bombay of dust, vulgarity, policemen in shorts, transvestites, movie fanzines, pavement sleepers and the rumored singing whores of Grant Road…” (37)“ ‘Best place for you is here,’ [Sufyan] said, speaking as if to a simpleton or small child. ‘Where else would you go to heal your disfigurements and recover your normal health? Where else but here, with us, among your own people, your own kind?’Only when Saladin Chamcha was alone in the attic room at the very end of his strength did he answer Sufyan’s rhetorical question. ‘I’m not your kind,’ he said distinctly into the night. ‘You’re not my people. I’ve spent half my life trying to get away from you.’ (261-262)Sacrilegious portrayal of the Prophet’s revelation:“It happens: revelation. Like this: Mahound, still in his notsleep, becomes rigid, veins bulge in his neck, he clutches at his centre. No, no, nothing like an epileptic fit, it can’t be explained away that easily; what epileptic fit ever caused day to turn to night, cause clouds to mass overhead, caused the air to thicken into soup while an angel hung, scared silly, in the sky above the sufferer, held up like a kite on a golden thread…Gibreel begins to feel that strength that force, here it is at my own jaw working it, opening shutting, and the power, starting within Mahound, reaching up to my vocal chords and the voice comes.Not my voice I’d never know such words I’m no classy speaker never was never will be but this isn’t my voice it’s a Voice.…Being God’s postman is no fun.Butbutbut: God isn’t in this picture.God knows whose postman I’ve been.” (114)“Baal asked: ‘Why are you sure he will kill you?’Rushdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. New York: Picador, 2000.Salman Rushdie / The Satanic Verses 4Salman the Persian answered: ‘It’s his Word against mine.’ ” (381)Whores taking on the name of the Prophet’s wives:“How many wives? Twelve, and one old lady, long dead. How many whores behind the Curtain? Twelve again; and, secret on her black-tented throne, the ancient Madam, still defying death. Where there is no belief, there is no blasphemy. Baal told the Madam of his idea; she settled matters in her voice of a laryngitic frog: ‘It is very dangerous,’ she pronounced, ‘but it could be damn good for business. We will go carefully; but we will go.’ ” (392-393)Gibreel’s lack of faith despite being the angel of the Prophet:“Mr. Gibreel Farishta on the railway train to London was once again seized as who would not be by the fear that God had decided to punish him for the loss of faith by driving him insane. (195)Immediately after this reflection he becomes involved in conversation with Mr. Maslama, a pompous passenger seated next to him, who ends up knocking off G’s hat, noticing a halo and affirming that if Gibreel is insane, the rest of the world has gone insane right along with him:“ ‘It’s a straight choice,’ he trembled silently. ‘It’s A, I’m off my head, or B, baba, somebody went and changed the rules.’” (195)Rushdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. New York: Picador, 2000.Netton / Text and Trauma 1Critical notes: Ian Netton – Text and Trauma: An East-West Primer“The Satanic Verses may be likened to a bubbling cauldron whose principal ingredients are two people and three places.” (22)On weighted names:Gibreel Farishta / Jibrīl + Firishta / Gabriel + angel (22)Saladin Chamcha / Salāh al-Dīn + chamcha / Medieval Islamic war hero + spoon/humble (23)Azraeel / ‘Izrā’īl / Islamic angel of Death (23)Jahilia / Jāhiliyya / “a state of ignorance; pre-Islamic paganism, pre-Islamic times” (23)Bostan / Bustān / the garden (of Paradise) (25)Mahound / Muhammed / Demonic European slur on the Prophet’s name (26)Comparisons between the text and Islamic mythology:“In conversation with Baal, a disillusioned Salman admits to altering the revelations deliberately as he recorded what Mahound dictated.” (34)“With the death of his father, Saladin is compared by Rushdie to the orphaned founder of Islam, Muhammad, thus subtly linking him to previous chapters. The difference, of course is that the Prophet of Islam was orphaned at a very early age, whereas Saladin’s own orphaning is a product of middle age.” (38)“Rushdie’s Gibreel in The Satanic Verses is a highly ambiguous figure. Very much a ‘sacred link’, he is also portrayed as a flawed link, sometimes seeming to merge with, or at least be reflected by, his very human namesake Gibreel Farishta who is, in any case, ‘a symbolic angel.’ (123)Opening revelation and miracles of some quality to all:“Finally all the pilgrims reach the Arabian Sea and they enter it behind Ayesha, wasing out of their depth. Ayesha, Mishal and the credulous villagers appear to be dromed. However, those few who have survived the expedition—like sarpanch, Osman, Sri Srinivas—give testimony afterwards that at the very last moment the Sea did indeed part for the pilgrims.” (37)On the legend of the Satanic verses:“There are a number of variant traditions, but they do not alter the import of what al-Tabarī narrated. And some scholars have accepted his version of events. Watt, for example, notes that ‘at one time Muhammad must have publicly recided the satanic verses as part of the Qur’ān.’ He finds it ‘unthinkable that the story could have been invented later by Muslims or foisted upon them by non-Muslims.’…Elsewhere, Watts says: ‘The story is so strange that it must be true in essentials.’” (85)Netton, Ian. Text and Trauma: An East-West Primer. Oxford: Routledge/Curzon, 1995.Ramadan / Western Muslims and the Future of Islam 1Critical notes: Tariq Ramadan – Western Muslims and the Future of IslamPoints on scholarly and modern Islam:On Sharia:“If the idea of ‘establishing rules’ is indeed contained in the notion of Sharia…this translation does not convey the fullness of the way it is understood, unless its more general and fundamental meaning is referred to: ‘the path that leads to the spring.’ …We have seen that this corpus of reference is, for the Muslim consciousness, where the universal is formulated: God, human nature, which makes itself human by turning on itself and recognizing the ‘need of Him,’ reason, active and fed by humility, and, finally, Revelation, which confirms, corrects, and exerts a guiding influence.” (31)