District Services Center (Dsc: Fill & Download for Free

The Registration Application for Normal Taxpayer/ Composition/ Casual Taxable Person/ Input Service Distributor (ISD)/ SEZ Developer/ SEZ Unit is same.For registering yourself as a Normal Taxpayer/ Composition/ Casual Taxable Person/ Input Service Distributor (ISD)/ SEZ Developer/ SEZ Unit, perform the following steps:1. Access the https://www.gst.gov.in/ URL. The GST Home page is displayed.2. Click the Services > Registration > New Registration option.Alternatively, you can also click REGISTER NOW link.The Application form is divided into two parts as Part A and Part B.Part A:3. The New Registration page is displayed. Select the New Registration option.4. In the I am a drop down list, select the Taxpayer as the type of taxpayer to be registered.5. In the State/UT and District drop down list, select the state for which registration is required and district.6. In the Legal Name of the Business (As mentioned in PAN) field, enter the legal name of your business/ entity as mentioned in the PAN database.7. In the Permanent Account Number (PAN) field, enter PAN of your business or PAN of the Proprietor.Note:• PAN is mandatory for registration with GST.• In case you don’t have PAN, you can apply for PAN. To do so, click the here link.8. In the Email Address field, enter the email address of the Primary Authorized Signatory.9. In the Mobile Number field, enter the valid Indian mobile number of the Primary Authorized Signatory.Note: Different One Time Password (OTP) will be sent on your email address and mobile number you just mentioned for authentication.10. In the Type the characters you see in the image below field, enter the captcha text.11. Click the PROCEED button.The OTP Verification page is displayed.11. In the Mobile OTP field, enter the OTP you received on your mobile number. OTP is valid only for 10 minutes.12. In the Email OTP field, enter the OTP you received on your email address. OTP is valid only for 10 minutes.Note:• OTP sent to mobile number and email address are separate.• In case OTP is invalid, try again by clicking the Click here to resend the OTP link. You will receive the OTP on your registered mobile number or email ID again. Enter both the newly received OTPs again.13. Click the PROCEED button.The system generated Temporary Reference Number (TRN) is displayed.Note: You will receive the TRN acknowledgment information on your e-mail address as well as your mobile number.14. Click the PROCEED button.Alternatively, you can also click Services > Registration > New Registration option and select the Temporary Reference Number (TRN) radio button to login using the TRN.Part B:15. In the Temporary Reference Number (TRN) field, enter the TRN generated and enter the captcha text as shown on the screen.16. Click the PROCEED button. The Verify OTP page is displayed. You will receive same Mobile OTP and Email OTP. These OTPs are different from the OTPs you received in previous step.17. In the Mobile / Email OTP field, enter the OTP you received on your mobile number and email address. OTP is valid only for 10 minutes.Note:• OTP sent to mobile number and email address are same.• In case OTP is invalid, try again by clicking the Need OTP to be resent> Click here link. You will receive the OTP on your registered mobile number or email ID again.Enter the newly received OTP again.18. Click the PROCEED button.19. The My Saved Application page is displayed. Under the Action column, click the Edit icon (icon in blue square with white pen).Note:• Notice the expiry date shown below in the screenshot. If the applicant doesn’t submit the application within 15 days, TRN and the entire information filled against that TRN will be purged after 15 days.• The status of the registration application is ‘Draft’ unless the application is submitted. Once the application is submitted, the status is changed to ‘Pending for Validation’.The Registration Application form with various tabs is displayed.On the top of the page, there are ten tabs as Business Details, Promoter/ Partners, Authorized Signatory, Authorized Representative, Principal Place of Business, Additional Places of Business, Goods and Services, Bank Accounts, State Specific Information and Verification. Click each tab to enter the details.Business Details tab:The Business Details tab is selected by default. This tab displays the information to be filled for the business details required for registration.a) In the Trade Name field, enter the trade name of your business.Note:Trade name of the business is different from the legal name of the business.b) In the Constitution of Business drop-down list, select the type of constitution of your business. This will be validated with the CBDT Database for a match with the PAN entered in Part A of the form.c) In the District and Sector/ Circle / Ward / Charge/ Unit drop-down list, select the district and sector/circle/ward/charge/unit number of your business.d) In the Commisionerate Code, Division Code and Range Code drop-down list, select the appropriate choice.Note:In case you don’t know the Center Jurisdiction, click the link to know about your Center Jurisdiction.e) In the Option for Composition field, select Yes in case you want to opt for the Composition Levy, or else select No.In case of Yesa. Select the checkbox for category of registered person.b. Select the checkbox for accepting the declaration for opting for Composition Levy.Note:A regular taxpayer can opt under the Composition Levy if theTaxpayer expects likely aggregate turnover will remain below the threshold limit specified for availing the Composition Levy.f) Select the Date of commencement of Business using the calendar.g) Select the Date on which liability to register arises using the calendar.Note:• The registration for a normal taxpayer shall be effective from the date on which the person becomes liable for registration if he files the application for new registration within 30 days from the date on which the liability to register arises. however, in case of delay in filing of application of New Registration, the date of liability to register remains same but effective date of registration shall be the date of grant of registration.• A casual taxable person shall electronically submit an application at least five days prior to the commencement of business.• In case of Casual Taxpayer, date on which liability to register arises is auto filled.• In case of Reason to obtain Registration selected as Voluntary Basis, this field is disabled and visible.h) In the Are you applying for registration as a casual taxable person? field, select Yes in case you are a casual dealer, or else select No.In case of Yesa. In the Estimated supplies and Estimated Net Tax Liability field, enter the estimated turnover and Net Tax Liability.b. The casual taxpayer may opt to pay the estimated tax liability by clicking the CREATE CHALLAN button.Note:• Casual taxable person means a person who occasionally undertakes transactions involving supply of goods and/ or services in a taxable territory where he has no fixed place of business.• A person applying for registration as a casual taxable person while submitting the Application form creates a Challan and a Provisional GSTIN is generated by the GST Portal for making advance deposit of tax and the acknowledgement is issued electronically only after the deposit is made in the electronic cash ledger.• You can also create multiple challans if the payment is failed for the previous challan.i) In the Reason to obtain registration drop-down list, select the reason of liability to obtain registration for your business.Note: In case you want to register as Input Service Distributor (ISD), all you need to do is select Input Service Distributor only under Reason to obtain registration in the Business Details section of PART B of the New Registration Application.Note:a. In case you want to register as SEZ Unit, all you need to do is select SEZ Unit under Reason to obtain registration in the Business Details section of PART B of the New Registration Application.b. Select the Name of SEZ from the drop-down list.c. Enter the Approval Order Number.d. Select the Approval date of Order using the calendar.e. Enter the Designation of Approving Authority.Note:a. In case you want to register as SEZ Developer, all you need to do is select SEZ Developer under Reason to obtain registration in the Business Details section of PART B of the New Registration Application.b. Select the Name of SEZ from the drop-down list.c. Enter the Approval Order Number.d. Select the Approval date of Order using the calendar.e. Enter the Designation of Approving Authority.j) In the Indicate Existing Registrations section, select the existing registration type, Registration No. and Date of Registration. Click the Add button.Note:You can include registration type as Central Sales Tax Registration Number, Central Excise Registration Number, Service Tax Registration Number etc.l) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button. You will notice a blue tick on the Business Details section indicating the completion of the tab information and notice the Profile indicating the percentage completion of the application form.Promoter/ Partners tab:This tab page displays the details of the stakeholders chosen in the constitution of business detail. You can enter details of upto 10 Promoters or Partners.a) In the Personal Information section, enter the personal details of the stakeholder like name, date of birth, address, mobile number, email address and gender.b) In the Identity Information section, enter the official information of the stakeholder.i. In the Designation / Status field, enter the designation of the stakeholder.ii. In the Director Identification Number (DIN) field, enter the DIN of the stakeholder issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs. This number is not mandatory in case of proprietorship.Note:DIN number is mandatory in case of:• Private Limited Company• Public Limited Company• Public Sector Undertaking• Unlimited Company• Foreign Company registered in Indiaiii. In case you are a citizen of India, select Yes or else select No. In case of NO, In the Passport Number field, enter the passport number.iv. In the Permanent Account Number (PAN) field, enter the PAN of the stakeholder.v. In the Aadhaar Number field, enter the Aadhar number of the stakeholder.Note:If you provide your Aadhaar here, (other than companies / LLP) you can sign your returns etc. using e-Sign based on Aadhaar without requirement of Digital Signature if you are also the authorized signatory.c) In the Residential Address in India section, enter the address details of the stakeholder. Based on the State selected, select the district and enter the corresponding pin code.d) In the Document Upload section, click the Choose file button. Navigate and upload the photograph of the stakeholder.Note: You can upload PDF or JPEG files with maximum file size for upload of as 1 MB.e) In case the promoter or partner is also the authorized signatory, select the Also Authorized Signatory as Yes and details will be auto-populated in the Authorized Signatory tab.f) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button.Note: To add more details of promoter or partner, click the ADD NEW button and repeat the steps each time after adding the details of the stakeholderAuthorized Signatory tab:This tab page displays the details of the authorized signatory. You can enter details of upto 10 authorized signatories.a) In case you are the Primary Authorized Signatory, select the checkbox for Primary Authorized Signatory.b) In the Personal Information section, enter the personal details of the authorized signatory like name, date of birth, mobile number, email address and gender.c) In the Identity Information section, enter the official information of the stakeholder.i. In the Designation / Status field, enter the designation of the authorized signatory.ii. In the Director Identification Number (DIN) field, enter the DIN of the authorized signatory issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs. This number is not mandatory in case of proprietorship.Note:DIN number is mandatory in case of:• Private Limited Company• Public Limited Company• Public Sector Undertaking• Unlimited Company• Foreign Company registered in Indiaiii. In case you are a citizen of India, select Yes or else select No.a. In case of NOb. In the Passport Number field, enter the passport number.iv. In the Permanent Account Number (PAN) field, enter the PAN of the authorized signatory.v. In the Aadhaar Number field, enter the Aadhar number of the authorized signatory.Note:If you provide your Aadhaar here, (other than companies / LLP) you can sign your returns etc. using e-Sign based on Aadhaar without requirement of Digital Signature.d) In the Residential Address in India section, enter the address details of the authorized signatory. Based on the State selected, select the district and enter the corresponding pin codee) In the Document Upload section, click the Choose file button. Navigate and select the Proof of Appointment and photograph of the authorized signatory.Note:You can upload PDF or JPEG files with maximum file size for upload of as 1 MB for Proof of appointment of Authorized Signatory and 100 KB as photograph of the authorized signatory.f) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button.Note:To add more details of authorized signatory, click the ADD NEW button.Authorized Representative tab:This tab page displays the details of the authorized representative.a) Select Do you have any Authorized Representative using the radio button.In case of GST Practitionera. In the Enrolment ID field, enter the enrolment ID of the authorized representative.b. Click the SEARCH button.Note: All details of the authorized representative will be auto-populated from the GST Portal.In case of Othera. In the Name of Person section, enter the name, designation, mobile number and email address of the authorized representative.b) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button.Principal Place of Business tab:This tab page displays the details of the principal place of the business. Principal Place of Business is the primary location within the State where a taxpayer's business is performed. The principal place of business is generally the address where the business's books of accounts and records are kept and is often where the head of the firm or at least top management is located.a) In the Address section, enter the address details of the principal place of business. Based on the State selected, select the district and enter the corresponding pin code.b) In the Contact Information section, enter the official contact details like Email address, telephone number (with STD Code), mobile number field and fax number (with STD Code).c) In the Nature of Possession of Premises drop-down list, select the nature of possession of premises.Note: In case you need to upload multiple documents, kindly append all the documents to be uploaded as single file and choose ‘Others’ value from ‘Nature of possession of business’ drop-down and select ‘Legal Ownership document’ value as Proof of Principal Place of Business and upload it.d) In the Document Upload section, click the Choose file button. Navigate and select the proof of Principal Place of Business document.Note:You can upload PDF or JPEG files with maximum file size for upload of as 1 MB.You can upload these documents for the proof of Principal Place of Business.For Own premises – Any document in support of the ownership of the premises like Latest Property Tax Receipt or Municipal Khata copy or copy of Electricity Bill.For Rented or Leased premises – A copy of the valid Rent / Lease Agreement with any document in support of the ownership of the premises of the Lessor like Latest Property Tax Receipt or Municipal Khata copy or copy of Electricity Bill.For premises not covered above – A copy of the Consent Letter with any document in support of the ownership of the premises of the Consenter like Municipal Khata copy or Electricity Bill copy. For shared properties also, the same documents may be uploaded.e) In the Proof of SEZ Unit/SEZ Developer approval for the premises section, click the Choose File button to upload the proof of SEZ unit or SEZ developer approval for the premises.Note:You can upload PDF or JPEG files with maximum file size for upload of as 1 MB.This attachment section is mandatory only if you have selected SEZ unit / Developer in ‘Reason to Obtain Registration’ in Business Details tab.Please read the instructions specified on the form for uploading any documents.f) Select the checkbox for Nature of Business activities being carried out at above mentioned premises.g) In case you have additional place of business, select Yes for Have Additional Place of Business.h) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button.Additional Places of Business tab:This tab page displays the details of the additional place of the business.Enter the number of additional places of business and click the ADD NEW button. Enter the details similarly like Principal Place of Business Details provided above.Note: You cannot enter additional places of business here if you have selected No for Have Additional Place of Business in Principal Place of Business Tab.Goods and Services tab:This tab page displays the details of the goods and services supplied by the business.In case you deal with Goods or Commodities, you need to mention the HSN Code in the Goods tab. In case you deal with services, you need to mention the Service Classification Code in the Services tab. You can add maximum 5 goods and 5 services. In case, you have more than 5 goods or services, you must add the top 5 goods or services you are dealing with.Goods Tab:In some cases, you may know the HSN Code, and in some cases you might not know the HSN Code. Follow the steps given below to fill the HSN Code.In case you know the HSN Code:Let us take an example that you need to add the HSN Code 6105. To add the HSN Code, perform the following steps:a. In the Search HSN Chapter by Name or Code field, enter the first four digits 6105 from the HSN Code.HSN Code is successfully added.In case you do not know the HSN Code:Let us take an example where the dealer deals with cotton textile.a. In the Search HSN Chapter by Name or Code field, type cotton; related HSN Chapter list is displayed. From the displayed list, scroll and select the appropriate option (in this case 5208). HSN Code is successfully added.Services Tab:In some cases, you may know the Service Classification Code, and in some cases you might not know the Service Classification Code. Follow the steps given below to fill the Service Classification Code.In case you know the Service Classification Code:Let us take an example that you need to add the Service Classification Code 995478. To add the Service Classification Code, perform the following steps:a) In the Search Service Classification Code field, enter the first four digits 9954 from the Service Classification Code.Service Classification Code is successfully added.In case you do not know the Service Classification Code:Let us take an example where the dealer deals with other building completion and finishing services.a) In the Search HSN Chapter by Name or Code field, type other building; related Service Classification Code list is displayed. From the displayed list, scroll and select the appropriate option (in this case 995478). Service Classification Code is successfully added.b) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button.Bank Accounts tab:This tab page displays the details of the bank accounts maintained for conducting business. You can enter details of upto 10 Bank Accounts.Enter the number of bank accounts and click the ADD NEW button.a) In the Account Number field, enter the account number of the Bank.b) In the Type of Account drop-down list, select the type of account.c) In the Enter Bank IFSC field, enter the IFSC code of the Bank.Note:In case you don’t know the IFSC code, click the here Link to know the IFSC code.Alternatively, you can also find the IFSC code in the cheque book or the cheque leaflet of your Bank.d) In the Document Upload section, click the Choose file button. Navigate and select the scanned copy of Bank passbook/ statement.Note:You can upload PDF or JPEG files with maximum file size for upload of as 1 MB.e) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button.Note:In case you want to add details of more Bank accounts, click the ADD NEW button.State Specific Information tab:This tab page displays the details of the state.a) In the Professional Tax Employee Code (EC) No. field, enter professions tax E.C number.b) In the Professional Tax Registration Certificate (RC) No. field, enter professions tax R.C number.c) In the State Excise License No. field, enter state excise license number.d) In the Name of the person in whose name Excise License is held field, enter the name of the person in whose name excise license is held.e) Click the SAVE & CONTINUE button.Verification tab:This tab page displays the details of the verification for authentication of the details submitted in the form.a. Select the Verification checkbox.b. In the Name of Authorized Signatory drop-down list, select the name of authorized signatory.c. In the Place field, enter the place where the form is filed.d. After filling the enrolment application, you need to digitally sign the application using Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)/ E-Signature or EVC.Digitally signing using DSC is mandatory in case of LLP and Companies.The Enrolment Application can be electronically signed using E-Signature only if the authorized signatory has an Aadhar number and same is mentioned in the Authorized signatory tab page of the Enrolment Application. This is because E-Signature is an Aadhar based electronic verification service.In Case of DSC:e. Click the SUBMIT WITH DSC button.Note: In case, your DSC is not registered, you will need to register DSC.Note:• Make sure your DSC dongle is inserted in your laptop/ desktop.• Make sure emSigner (from eMudra) is running on your laptop/ desktop with administrator permissions.To check if the emSigner is running on your laptop/ desktop, perform the following steps:1. Click the item tray.2. Double click the emSigner icon.3. Click the Hide Service button to minimize the dialog box.4. Select the certificate and click the SIGN button.5. Enter the PIN (dongle password) for the attached DSC.Note:To view the details of your DSC, click the View Certificate button.f. Click the PROCEED button.g. Select the certificate and click the SIGN button.The success message is displayed. You will receive the acknowledgement in next 15 minutes on your registered e-mail address and mobile phone number. Application Reference Number (ARN) receipt is sent on your e-mail address and mobile phone number.You can track the status of your application using the Services > Registration > Track Application Status command.In Case of E-Signature:e. Click the SUBMIT WITH E-SIGNATURE button.f. In the Please select Service Provider option, select the appropriate Service Provider.Note: C-DAC and NSDL are e-sign Service Providers (Both are free of cost).g. Select the checkbox for declaration.Note: OTP will be sent to your e-mail address and mobile phone number registered with Aadhaar.h. Click the CONTINUE button.i. Verify Aadhaar OTP screen is displayed. Enter the OTP received on your e-mail address and mobile phone number registered with Aadhaar. Click the SUBMITbutton.The success message is displayed. You will receive the acknowledgement in next 15 minutes on your registered e-mail address and mobile phone number. Application Reference Number (ARN) receipt is sent on your e-mail address and mobile phone number.In Case of EVC:e. Click the SUBMIT WITH EVC button.f. Enter the OTP sent to email and mobile number of the Authorized Signatory registered at the GST Portal and click the VALIDATE OTP button.The success message is displayed. You will receive the acknowledgement in next 15 minutes on your registered e-mail address and mobile phone number. Application Reference Number (ARN) receipt is sent on your e-mail address and mobile phone number.

No, science is not decided by commissions or consensus, just the opposite. Doubt and skepticism are the primary drivers of scientific advances. My opinion is Al Gore and Obama have distorted the climate science for political gain and they have been very successful with their partisan crusade. They have vilified life giving nontoxic CO2 as a pollution which is rubbish. Co2 is the elixir of life on this planet. We need more as the atomophere is starved at current levels. See -THE DANGERS OF CONSENSUS SCIENCEGalileo - Darwin - Einstein"Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus..." - Michael Crichton, A.B. Anthropology, M.D. HarvardNO 'Consensus' on "Man-Made" Global WarmingFurther there is no consensus on man-made climate change in the science community. A vast majority of organizations and scientists more than 100 are skeptical.National Post, 17 May 2005By Benny Peiser“Six eminent researchers from the Russian Academy of Science and the IsraelSpace Agency have just published a startling paper in one of the world'sleading space science journals. The team of solar physicists claims to havecome up with compelling evidence that changes in cosmic ray intensity andvariations in solar activity have been driving much of the Earth's climate.They even provide a testable hypothesis, predicting that amplified cosmicray intensity will lead to an increase of the global cloud cover which,according to their calculations, will result in "some small global coolingover the next couple of years."I remain decidedly skeptical of such long-term climate predictions.Nevertheless, it is quite remarkable that the global mean temperature, asrecorded by NASA's global Land-Ocean Temperature Index, has actually droppedslightly during the last couple of years -- notwithstanding increased levelsof CO2 emissions. Two more years of cooling and we may even see thereappearance of a new Ice Age scare.Whatever one may think of these odd developments, the idea that the sun isthe principal driver of terrestrial climate has been gaining ground inrecent years. Last month, Jan Veizer, one of Canada's top Earth scientists,published a comprehensive review of recent findings and concluded that"empirical observations on all time scales point to celestial phenomena asthe principal driver of climate, with greenhouse gases acting only aspotential amplifiers."What the Russian, Israeli and Canadian researchers have in common is thatthey allocate much of the climate change to solar variability rather thanhuman causes. They also publish their papers in some of the world's leadingscientific journals. So why is it that a recent study published in theleading U.S. journal Science categorically claims that skeptical papersdon't exist in the peer-reviewed literature?http://www.canada.com/national/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=b93c1368-27b7-4f55-a60e-5b5d1b1ff38bHere is a partial list of science and other economic organizations who are on record with their doubts.“Skeptical Scientific Organizations:American Geological InstituteAmerican Institute of Professional GeologistsGeological Sciences of the Polish Academy of SciencesJapan Society of Energy and Resources (1791 Members)Russian Academy of SciencesAmerican Association of Petroleum Geologists (31,000+ Members)“The Climate Scientists' Register“We, the undersigned, having assessed the relevant scientific evidence, do not find convincing support for the hypothesis that human emissions of carbon dioxide are causing, or will in the foreseeable future cause, dangerous global warming."Click on country name in the following list to see endorsers from that nation: Algéria (1 endorser), Australia (8), Bulgaria (1), Canada (17), Denmark (1), Estonia (1), Finland(1), France (1), Germany (4), Greece (1), India (3), Italy (3), Luxembourg (1), Mexico (1), New Zealand (6), Norway (5), Poland (3), Russia (5), South Africa (1), Sweden(8), United Kingdom (6), United States of America (64).Complete Endorser List:•Habibullo I. Abdussamatov, Dr. Sci., mathematician and astrophysicist, Head of the Russian-Ukrainian Astrometria project on the board of the Russian segment of the ISS, Head of Space Research Laboratory at the Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia•Syun-Ichi Akasofu, PhD, Professor of Physics, Emeritus and Founding Director, International Arctic Research Center of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.•J.R. Alexander, Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Member, UN Scientific and Technical Committee on Natural Disasters, 1994-2000, Pretoria, South Africa•Bjarne Andresen, Dr. Scient., physicist, published and presents on the impossibility of a "global temperature", Professor, Niels Bohr Institute (areas of specialization: fundamental physics and chemistry, in particular thermodynamics), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark•Timothy F. Ball, PhD, environmental consultant and former climatology professor, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada•Romuald Bartnik, PhD (Organic Chemistry), Professor Emeritus, Former chairman of the Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, climate work in cooperation with Department of Hydrology and Geological Museum, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland•Colin Barton, http://B.Sc., PhD (Earth Science), Principal research scientist (retd), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia•Franco Battaglia, PhD (Chemical Physics), Professor of Environmental Chemistry (climate specialties: environmental chemistry), University of Modena, Italy•David Bellamy, OBE, PhD, English botanist, author, broadcaster, environmental campaigner, Hon. Professor of Botany (Geography), University of Nottingham, Hon. Prof. Faculty of Engineering and Physical Systems, Central Queensland University, Hon. Prof. of Adult and Continuing Education, University of Durham, United Nations Environment Program Global 500 Award Winner, Dutch Order of The Golden Ark, Bishop Auckland County, Durham, United Kingdom•Richard Becherer, BS (Physics, Boston College), MS (Physics, University of Illinois), PhD (Optics, University of Rochester), former Member of the Technical Staff - MIT Lincoln Laboratory, former Adjunct Professor - University of Connecticut, Areas of Specialization: optical radiation physics, coauthor - standard reference book Optical Radiation Measurements: Radiometry, Millis, MA, U.S.A.•Ernst-Georg Beck, Dipl. Biology (University of Freiburg), biologist (area of specialization: CO2 record in the last 150 years – see paper “Accurate estimation of CO2 background level from near ground measurements at non-mixed environments”), see http://www.biomind.de/realCO2/ for more from Mr. Beck, Biesheim, France•Edwin Berry, PhD (Atmospheric Physics, Nevada), MA (Physics, Dartmouth), BS (Engineering, Caltech), President, Climate Physics LLC, Bigfork, MT, U.S.A.•Sonja A. Boehmer-Christiansen, PhD, Reader Emeritus, Dept. of Geography, Hull University, Editor - Energy&Environment, Multi-Science (www.multi-science.co.uk), Hull, United Kingdom•M. I. Bhat, PhD, formerly Scientist at the Wadia institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra, currently Professor & Head, Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Kashmir (areas of specialization: Geochemistry, Himalayan and global tectonics & tectonics and climate (Prof Bhat: “Arguing for deepening the climate frontiers by considering interaction between solar flares and core-mantle boundary processes. Clue possibly lies in exploring the tectonics of regions that underlies high and low pressure cells of the three global oscillations (SO, NAO, NPO)”), Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India•Ahmed Boucenna, PhD, Professor of Physics, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif, Algéria. Author of The Great Season Climatic Oscillation, I. RE. PHY. 1(2007) 53, The Great Season Climatic Oscillation and the Global Warming, Global Conference On Global Warming, July 6-10, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey and Pseudo Radiation Energy Amplifier (PREA) and the Mean Earth's Ground Temperature, arXiv:0811.0357 (November 2008)•Antonio Brambati, PhD, Emeritus Professor (sedimentology), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences (DiSGAM), University of Trieste (specialization: climate change as determined by Antarctic marine sediments), Trieste, Italy•Stephen C. Brown, PhD (Environmental Science, State University of New York), District Agriculture Agent, Assistant Professor, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Ground Penetrating Radar Glacier research, Palmer, Alaska, U.S.A.•Mark Lawrence Campbell, PhD (chemical physics; gas-phase kinetic research involving greenhouse gases (nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide)), Professor, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.A.•Robert M. Carter, PhD, Professor, Marine Geophysical Laboratory, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia•Arthur Chadwick, PhD (Molecular Biology), Research Professor, Department of Biology and Geology, Southwestern Adventist University, Climate Specialties: dendrochronology (determination of past climate states by tree ring analysis), palynology (same but using pollen as a climate proxy), paleobotany and botany; Keene, Texas, U.S.A.•George V. Chilingar, PhD, Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.•Antonis Christofides, Dipl. Civil Engineering, MSc Computing Science, Climate Specialties: co-author of relevant papers: here and here, author of http://hk-climate.org/, Athens, Greece•Petr Chylek, PhD, Laboratory Fellow, Remote Sensing Team Leader, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, U.S.A.•Ian D. Clark, PhD, Professor (isotope hydrogeology and paleoclimatology), Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•Paul Copper, BSc, MSc, PhD, DIC, FRSC, Professor Emeritus, Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University Sudbury, Ontario, Canada•Cornelia Codreanova, Diploma in Geography, Researcher (Areas of Specialization: formation of glacial lakes) at Liberec University, Czech Republic, Zwenkau, Germany•Michael Coffman, PhD (Ecosystems Analysis and Climate Influences), CEO of Sovereignty International, President of Environmental Perspectives, Inc., Bangor, Maine, U.S.A.•Piers Corbyn, MSc (Physics (Imperial College London)), ARCS, FRAS, FRMetS, astrophysicist (Queen Mary College, London), consultant, founder WeatherAction long range forecasters, London, United Kingdom•Richard S. Courtney, PhD, energy and environmental consultant, IPCC expert reviewer, Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom•Joseph D’Aleo, BS, MS (Meteorology, University of Wisconsin), Doctoral Studies (NYU), Executive Director - ICECAP (International Climate and Environmental Change Assessment Project), Fellow of the AMS, College Professor Climatology/Meteorology, First Director of Meteorology The Weather Channel, Hudson, New Hampshire, U.S.A.•David Deming, PhD (Geophysics), Associate Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.•James E Dent; http://B.Sc., FCIWEM, C.Met, FRMetS, C.Env., Independent Consultant, Member of WMO OPACHE Group on Flood Warning, Hadleigh, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom•Chris R. de Freitas, PhD, climate Scientist, School of Environment, The University of Auckland, New Zealand•Willem de Lange, MSc (Hons), DPhil (Computer and Earth Sciences), Senior Lecturer in Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand•Geoff Duffy, DEng (Dr of Engineering), PhD (Chemical Engineering), BSc, ASTCDip., FRSNZ (first chemical engineer to be a Fellow of the Royal Society in NZ), FIChemE, wide experience in radiant heat transfer and drying, chemical equilibria, etc. Has reviewed, analysed, and written brief reports and papers on climate change, Auckland, New Zealand•Robert W. Durrenberger, PhD, former Arizona State Climatologist and President of the American Association of State Climatologists, Professor Emeritus of Geography, Arizona State University; Sun City, Arizona, U.S.A.•Don J. Easterbrook, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Geology, Western Washington, University, Bellingham, Washington, U.S.A.•Willis Eschenbach, Independent Climate Researcher, Climate Specialties: Tropical tropospheric amplification, constructal theories of climate, See sample of scientific writings in Nature here, Occidental, CA, U.S.A.•Christopher Essex, PhD, professor of applied mathematics, and Associate Chair, Department of Applied Mathematics, Former Director, Program in Theoretical Physics, University of Western Ontario, Former NSERC postdoc at the Canadian Climate Centre's Numerical Modelling Division (GCM), London, Ontario, Canada•Per Engene, MSc, Biologist, Bø i Telemark, Norway, Co-author - The Climate, Science and Politics (2009)•Terrence F. Flower, PhD, Professor of Physics and Astronomy, St. Catherine University, studied and taught physics of climate (focus on Arctic and Antarctic), took students to study physics of climate change in the Antarctic and Costa Rica, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.•Stewart Franks, BSci. (Hons, Environmental Science), PhD (Landsurface-atmosphere interactions), Associate Professor and Dean of Students, University of Newcastle, Climate Specialties: hydro-climatology, flood/drought risk, Newcastle, Australia•Lars Franzén, PhD (Physical Geography), Professor, Physical Geography at Earth Sciences Centre, University of Gothenburg, Areas of Specialization: Palaeoclimate from global peatland and Chinese loess studies - see related scientific paper by Franzén et al, Gothenburg, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden•Gordon Fulks, PhD (Physics, University of Chicago), cosmic radiation, solar wind, electromagnetic and geophysical phenomena, Corbett, Oregon, U.S.A.•Robert. W. Gauldie, PhD, Research Professor (retired), Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Hawaii, U.S.A.•Katya Georgieva, MSc (Physics of the Earth, Atmosphere, and Space, specialty Meteorology), PhD (Solar-Terrestrial Physics - PhD thesis on solar influences on global climate changes), Associate Professor, Head of group "Solar dynamics and global climate change" in the Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, head of project "Solar activity influences of weather and climate" of the scientific plan of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, member of the "Climate changes" council of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Regional coordinator of the Balkan, Black sea and Caspian sea countries and member of the European Steering Committee for the International Heliophysical Year 2007-2008, deputy editor-in-chief of the international scientific journal "Sun and Geosphere", Bulgaria•Lee C. Gerhard, PhD, Senior Scientist Emeritus, University of Kansas, past director and state geologist, Kansas Geological Survey, U.S.A.•Gerhard Gerlich, Dr.rer.nat. (Mathematical Physics: Magnetohydrodynamics) habil. (Real Measure Manifolds), Professor, Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Co-author of “Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of Physics”, Int.J.Mod.Phys.,2009•Fred Goldberg, PhD, Adj Professor, Royal Institute of Technology (Mech, Eng.), Secretary General KTH International Climate Seminar 2006 and Climate analyst (NIPCC), Lidingö, Sweden•Stanley B. Goldenberg, Research Meteorologist, NOAA, AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.•Wayne Goodfellow, PhD (Earth Science), Ocean Evolution, Paleoenvironments, Adjunct Professor, Senior Research Scientist, University of Ottawa, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•Thomas B. Gray, MS (Meteorology, California Institute of Technology and Florida State University), 23 years as Meteorologist with the U.S. Army and Air Force (retired) and 15 years experience with NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories. Assignments include Chief, Analysis and Forecast Division, Global Weather Center, Omaha, Nebraska and Chief, Solar Forecast Center, Boulder Colorado, maintains active interest in paleoclimate and atmospheric physics, Yachats, Oregon, U.S.A.•Vincent Gray, PhD, New Zealand Climate Coalition, expert reviewer for the IPCC, author of The Greenhouse Delusion: A Critique of Climate Change 2001, Wellington, New Zealand•William M. Gray, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Head of the Tropical Meteorology Project, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.•Kenneth P. Green, Doctor of Environmental Science and Engineering (UCLA, 1994), Resident Scholar, Interim Director, Center for Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise Institute, Washington D.C., U.S.A.•Charles B. Hammons, PhD (Applied Mathematics), climate-related specialties: applied mathematics, modeling & simulation, software & systems engineering, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas; Assistant Professor, North Texas State University (Dr. Hammons found many serious flaws during a detailed study of the software, associated control files plus related email traffic of the Climate Research Unit temperature and other records and “adjustments” carried out in support of IPCC conclusions), Coyle, OK, U.S.A.•William Happer, PhD, Professor, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.•Howard Hayden, PhD, Emeritus Professor (Physics), University of Connecticut, The Energy Advocate, Pueblo West, Colorado, U.S.A.•Warren T. Hinds, B.S. (Engineering), M.S. (Atmospheric Sciences), PhD (Physical Ecology, U. Washington, Seattle), Sr. Scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; consultant for USA EPA research on Global Climate Change Program, Specialist for Defense Programs, Department of Energy, Climate Specialties: atmospheric physics and quantitative empirical analyses regarding climatological, meteorological, and ecological responses to environmental stresses, Gainesville, Georgia, U.S.A.•Art Horn, Meteorologist (honors, Lyndon State College, Lyndonville, Vermont), operator, The Art of Weather, U.S.A.•Douglas Hoyt, B.S. (Physics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), M.S. (Astro-Geophysics, University of Colorado), co-author of the book The Role of the Sun in climate Change, previously senior scientist at Raytheon (MODIS instrument development), with earlier employment at NOAA, NCAR, World Radiation Center and the Sacramento Peak Observatory, Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, U.S.A.•Warwick Hughes, MSc Hons (Geology), Founder of the "Errors in IPCC Climate Science" Blog - http://www.warwickhughes.com/blog/, Areas of Specialization: Jones et al temperature data, Canberra, Australia•Ole Humlum, PhD, Professor of Physical Geography, Department of Physical Geography, Institute of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway•Craig D. Idso, PhD, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.•Sherwood B. Idso, PhD, President, Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.•Larry Irons, BS (Geology), MS (Geology), Sr. Geophysicist at FairfieldNodal (Areas of Specialization: Paleoclimate), Lakewood, Colorado, U.S.A.•Terri Jackson, MSc (plasma physics), MPhil (energy economics), Director, Independent Climate Research Group, Northern Ireland and London (Founder of the energy/climate group at the Institute of Physics, London), United Kingdom•Albert F. Jacobs, Geol.Drs., P. Geol., Calgary, Alberta, Canada•Zbigniew Jaworowski, PhD, DSc, professor of natural sciences, Senior Science Adviser of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, researcher on ice core CO2 records, Warsaw, Poland•Bill Kappel, BS (Physical Science-Geology), BS (Meteorology), Storm Analysis, Climatology, Operation Forecasting, Vice President/Senior Meteorologist, Applied Weather Associates, LLC, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, U.S.A.•Olavi Kärner, Ph.D., Extraordinary Research Associate; Dept. of Atmospheric Physics, Tartu Observatory, Toravere, Estonia•Madhav L. Khandekar, PhD, consultant meteorolgist, (former) Research Scientist, Environment Canada, Editor "Climate Research” (03-05), Editorial Board Member "Natural Hazards, IPCC Expert Reviewer 2007, Unionville, Ontario, Canada•Leonid F. Khilyuk, PhD, Science Secretary, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.•William Kininmonth MSc, MAdmin, former head of Australia’s National Climate Centre and a consultant to the World Meteorological organization’s Commission for Climatology, Kew, Victoria, Australia•Gerhard Kramm, Dr. rer. nat. (Theoretical Meteorology), Research Associate Professor, Geophysical Institute, Associate Faculty, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, (climate specialties: Atmospheric energetics, physics of the atmospheric boundary layer, physical climatology - seeinteresting paper by Kramm et al), Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.•Leif Kullman, PhD (Physical geography, plant ecology, landscape ecology), Professor, Physical geography, Department of Ecology and Environmental science, Umeå University, Areas of Specialization: Paleoclimate (Holocene to the present), glaciology, vegetation history, impact of modern climate on the living landscape, Umeå, Sweden•Douglas Leahey, PhD, meteorologist and air-quality consultant, President - Friends of Science, Calgary, Alberta, Canada•Jay Lehr, BEng (Princeton), PhD (environmental science and ground water hydrology), Science Director, The Heartland Institute, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.•Edward Liebsch, B.A. (Earth Science, St. Cloud State University); M.S. (Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University), former Associate Scientist, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; former Adjunct Professor of Meteorology, St. Cloud State University, Environmental Consultant/Air Quality Scientist (Areas of Specialization: micrometeorology, greenhouse gas emissions), Maple Grove, Minnesota, U.S.A.•Richard S. Lindzen, PhD, Alfred P. Sloan professor of meteorology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.•William Lindqvist, PhD (Applied Geology), Independent Geologic Consultant, Areas of Specialization: Climate Variation in the recent geologic past, Tiburon, California, U.S.A.•Peter Link, BS, MS, PhD (Geology, Climatology), Geol/Paleoclimatology, retired, Active in Geol-paleoclimatology, Tulsa University and Industry, Evergreen, Colorado, U.S.A.•Anthony R. Lupo, Ph.D., Professor of Atmospheric Science, Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.•Qing-Bin Lu, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, cross-appointed to Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) New Investigator, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada•Horst Malberg, PhD, Professor (emeritus) for Meteorology and Climatology and former director of the Institute for Meteorology at the Free University of Berlin, Germany•Björn Malmgren, PhD, Professor Emeritus in Marine Geology, Paleoclimate Science, Goteborg University, retired, Norrtälje, Sweden•Oliver Manuel, BS (Chem), MS (Geo-Chem), PhD (Nuclear Chem), Post-Doc (Space Physics), Fulbright Scholar (Astrophysics), NSF Post-Doc Fellow (UC-Berkeley), Associate - Climate & Solar Science Institute, Professor (now Emeritus)/Dept Chair, College of Arts & Sciences University of Missouri-Rolla, Fulbright Scholar (Tata Institute- Mumbai), previously Research Scientist (US Geological Survey-Denver) and NASA Principal Investigator for Apollo, Climate Specialties: Earth's heat source, sample of relevant papers: "Earth's heat source - the Sun", Energy and Environment 20 131-144 (2009); “The sun: a magnetic plasma diffuser that controls earth's climate”, paper presented at the V. International Conference on Non-accelerator New Physics, Dubna, Russia, 20 June 2005; "Super-fluidity in the solar interior: Implications for solar eruptions and climate", Journal of Fusion Energy 21, 193-198 (2002), Cape Girardeau, Missouri, U.S.A.•David Manuta, Ph.D. (Inorganic/Physical Chemistry, SUNY Binghamton), FAIC, Climate Specialties: Gas Phase Infrared Studies, Thermodynamics of Small Molecule Formation (e.g., CO2, HF, and H2O), President, Manuta Chemical Consulting, Inc., Chairman of the Board, The American Institute of Chemists, Past Positions include Adjunct Professor of Physics, Ohio University-Chillicothe, Ohio, Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Physical Science at Shawnee State University, Ohio, Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Physical Science at Upper Iowa University and US Enrichment Corp. (nuclear), Waverly, Ohio, USA•Francis Massen, PhD, Physics Lab and meteoLCD, Lycée Classique de Diekirch, 32 av. de la gare L-9233, (see interesting scientific paper by Massen et al), Diekirch, Luxembourg•Irina Melnikova, PhD (Physics & Mathematics), Head of the Laboratory for Physics of the Atmosphere INENCO RAN, specialization: radiative regime of the cloudy atmosphere - see interesting paper on this topic by Dr. Melnikova, St. Petersburg, Russia•Patrick J. Michaels, A.B., S.M., Ph.D. (ecological climatology, Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies, CATO Institute, Distinguished Senior Fellow in the School of Public Policy, George Mason University, a past president of the American Association of State Climatologists, past program chair for the Committee on Applied Climatology of the American Meteorological Society, past research professor of Environmental Sciences at University of Virginia, contributing author and reviewer of the UN IPCC, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.•Fred Michel, PhD, Director, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Associate Professor of Earth Sciences, Carleton University (article by Dr. Michel: “Climatic hubris: The Ellesmere Island ice shelves have been disappearing since they were first mapped in 1906”, January 16, 2007, National Post), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•Ferenc Mark Miskolczi, PhD, atmospheric physicist, formerly of NASA's Langley Research Center, (in his 2010 paper, Dr. Miskolczi writes, "The data negate increase in CO2 in the atmosphere as a hypothetical cause for the apparently observed global warming. A hypothesis of significant positive feedback by water vapor effect on atmospheric infrared absorption is also negated by the observed measurements. Apparently major revision of the physics underlying the greenhouse effect is needed."), Hampton, Virginia, U.S.A.•Asmunn Moene, PhD, MSc (Meteorology), former head of the Forecasting Centre, Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway•Nils-Axel Mörner, PhD (Sea Level Changes and Climate), Emeritus Professor of Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden•Nasif Nahle, BSc (Biology), C-1L on Scientific Research, climatology and meteorology, physics, and paleobiology, Director of Scientific Research at Biology Cabinet (Areas of Specialization: Climatology and Meteorology (certification), San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico•David Nowell, http://M.Sc., Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society, former chairman of the NATO Meteorological Group, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•James J. O'Brien, PhD., Emeritus Professor, Meteorology and Oceanography, Florida State University, Florida, U.S.A.•Peter Oliver, BSc (Geology), BSc (Hons, Geochemistry & Geophysics), MSc (Geochemistry), PhD (Geology), specialized in NZ quaternary glaciations, Geochemistry and Paleomagnetism, previously research scientist for the NZ Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Upper Hutt, New Zealand•Cliff Ollier, http://D.Sc., Professor Emeritus (School of Earth and Environment - see his Copenhagen Climate Challenge sea level article here), Research Fellow, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, W.A., Australia•R. Timothy Patterson, PhD, Professor, Dept. of Earth Sciences (paleoclimatology), Carleton University, Chair - International Climate Science Coalition, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•Alfred H. Pekarek, PhD, Associate Professor of Geology, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Deptartment, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S.A.•Stanley Penkala, BS (Chemical Engineering, Univ. of PA), PhD (Chemical Engineering, Univ. of PA.), Asst. Prof. Air Engineering and Industrial Hygiene, University of Pittsburgh GSPH (1970-1973), Environmental Scientist, DeNardo & McFarland Weather Services (1973-1980), Air Science Consultants, Inc. (VP 1980-1995, President 1995-Present), Areas of Specialization: Air Dispersion Modeling, Anthropogenic Sources of Global CO2, Quality Assurance in Air Pollution Measurements, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.•Ian Plimer, PhD, Professor of Mining Geology, The University of Adelaide; Emeritus Professor of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia•Oleg M. Pokrovsky, BS, MS, PhD (mathematics and atmospheric physics - St. Petersburg State University, 1970), Dr. in Phys. and Math Sciences (1985), Professor in Geophysics (1995), principal scientist, Main Geophysical Observatory (RosHydroMet), St. Petersburg, Russia. Note: Dr. Pokrovsky carried out comprehensive analysis of many available long climate time series and came to conclusion that anthropogenic CO2 impact is not main contributor in climate change as declared by IPCC.•Daniel Joseph Pounder, BS (Meteorology, University of Oklahoma), MS (Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign); Meteorological/Oceanographic Data Analyst for the National Data Buoy Center, formerly Meteorologist, WILL AM/FM/TV, Urbana, U.S.A.•Brian Pratt, PhD, Professor of Geology (Sedimentology), University of Saskatchewan (see Professor Pratt's article for a summary of his views), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada•Tom Quirk, MSc (Melbourne), D Phil (physics), MA (Oxford), SMP (Harvard), Member of the Scientific Advisory Panel of the Australian climate Science Coalition, Member Board Institute of Public Affairs, Melbourne, Areas of Specialization: Methane, Decadal Oscillations, Isotopes, Victoria, Australia•Vijay Kumar Raina, Ex. Deputy Director General, Geological Survey of India, author of 2010 MoEF Discussion Paper, “Himalayan Glaciers - State-of-Art Review of Glacial Studies, Glacial Retreat and Climate Change”, the first comprehensive study on the region. Mr. Raina’s field activities covered extensive research on the geology and the glaciers of the Himalayas, Andaman Islands that included research on the volcanoes in the Bay of Bengal. He led two Indian Scientific Expeditions to Antarctica that earned him the National Mineral Award and the Antarctica Award. He has authored over 100 scientific papers and three books: ‘Glacier Atlas of India’ dealing with various aspects of glacier studies under taken in the Himalayas; ‘Glaciers, the rivers of ice’ and ‘Images Antarctica, Reminiscences’, Chandigarh, India•Denis Rancourt, http://B.Sc., http://M.Sc., Ph.D. (Physics), Former physics professor, University of Ottawa (then funded by NSERC in both physics and environmental science), Climate Specialties: global carbon cycle and environmental nanoparticles science, statistical physics, as well as the politics, sociology and psychology of the climate debate, current research includes radiative effects and phenomena (albedo, greenhouse effect), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•Oleg Raspopov, Doctor of Science and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor - Geophysics, Senior Scientist, St. Petersburg Filial (Branch) of N.V.Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowaves Propagetion of RAS (climate specialty: climate in the past, particularly the influence of solar variability), Editor-in-Chief of journal "Geomagnetism and Aeronomy" (published by Russian Academy of Sciences), St. Petersburg, Russia•S. Jeevananda Reddy, http://M.Sc. (Geophysics), Post Graduate Diploma (Applied Statistics, Andhra University), PhD (Agricultural Meteorology, Australian University, Canberra), Formerly Chief Technical Advisor -- United Nations World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Expert-Food and Agriculture Organization (UN), Convenor - Forum for a Sustainable Environment, author of 500 scientific articles and several books - here is one: "Climate Change - Myths & Realities", Hyderabad, India•George A. Reilly, PhD (Geology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor), areas of specialization: Geological aspects of paleoclimatology, Retired, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada•Robert G. Roper, PhD, DSc (University of Adelaide, South Australia), Emeritus Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.•Nicola Scafetta, PhD (Physics, 2001, University of North Texas), Laurea (Dottore in Physics, 1997, Universita’ di Pisa, Italy), Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Experiment (ACRIM), Climate Specialties: solar and astronomical causes of climate change, see intresting paper by Scafetta on this), Research Scientist - Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A.•Rob Scagel, MSc (forest microclimate specialist), Principal Consultant - Pacific Phytometric Consultants, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada•Tom V. Segalstad, PhD (Geology/Geochemistry), secondary Web page here, Head of the Geological Museum, Natural History Museum and Associate Professor of Resource and Environmental Geology, University of Oslo, Norway•Gary Sharp, PhD, Center for Climate/Ocean Resources Study, Salinas, California, U.S.A.•Thomas P. Sheahen, PhD (Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology), specialist in renewable energy, research and publication (applied optics) in modeling and measurement of absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric CO2, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (2005-2008); Argonne National Laboratory (1988-1992); Bell Telephone labs (1966-73), National Bureau of Standards (1975-83), Oakland, Maryland, U.S.A.•S. Fred Singer, PhD, Professor Emeritus (Environmental Sciences), University of Virginia, former director, U.S. Weather Satellite Service, Science and Environmental Policy Project, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.•Jan-Erik Solheim, MSc (Astrophysics), Professor, Institute of Physics, University of Tromso, Norway (1971-2002), Professor (emeritus), Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway (1965-1970, 2002- present), climate specialties: sun and periodic climate variations, scientific paper by Professor Solheim "Solen varsler et kaldere tiår", Baerum, Norway•Roy W. Spencer, PhD, climatologist, Principal Research Scientist, Earth System Science Center, The University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A.•H. Leighton Steward, Master of Science (Geology), Areas of Specialization: paleoclimates and empirical evidence that indicates CO2 is not a significant driver of climate change, Chairman, PlantsNeedCO2.org and CO2IsGreen.org, Chairman of the Institute for the Study of Earth and Man (geology, archeology & anthropology) at SMU in Dallas, Texas, Boerne, TX, U.S.A.•Peter Stilbs, TeknD, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Research Leader, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), member of American Chemical Society and life member of American Physical Society, Chair of "Global Warming - Scientific Controversies in Climate Variability", International seminar meeting at KTH, 2006, Stockholm, Sweden•Edward (Ted) R. Swart, http://D.Sc. (physical chemistry, University of Pretoria), http://B.Sc. (chem eng.) and Ph.D. (math/computer science, University of Witwatersrand). Dean of the Faculty of Science, Professor and Head of the Department of Computer Science, University of Rhodesia and past President of the Rhodesia Scientific Association. Set up the first radiocarbon dating laboratory in Africa with funds from the Gulbenkian Foundation. Professor in the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization at the University of Waterloo and Chair of Computing and Information Science and Acting Dean at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Now retired in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada•Roger Tanner, PhD (Analytical Chemistry, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana), 40-yr career in atmospheric chemistry and air quality measurement science at Tennessee Valley Authority, Desert Research Institute, Reno, and Brookhaven National Lab, Climate Specialties: atmospheric chemistry and air quality measurement science, Florence, Alabama, U.S.A.•George H. Taylor, B.A. (Mathematics, U.C. Santa Barbara), M.S. (Meteorology, University of Utah), Certified Consulting Meteorologist, Applied Climate Services, LLC, Former State Climatologist (Oregon), President, American Association of State Climatologists (1998-2000), Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.•Frank Tipler, PhD, Professor of Mathematical Physics, astrophysics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.•Edward M. Tomlinson, MS (Meteorology), Ph.D. (Meteorology, University of Utah), President, Applied Weather Associates, LLC (leader in extreme rainfall storm analyses), 21 years US Air Force in meteorology (Air Weather Service), Monument, Colorado, U.S.A.•Ralf D. Tscheuschner, Dr.rer.nat. (Theoretical physics: Quantum Theory), Freelance Lecturer and Researcher in Physics and Applied Informatics, Hamburg, Germany. Co-author of “Falsification of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of Physics, Int.J.Mod.Phys. 2009•Göran Tullberg, Civilingenjör i Kemi (equivalent to Masters of Chemical Engineering), Co-author - The Climate, Science and Politics (2009) (see here for a review), formerly instructor of Organic Chemistry (specialization in “Climate chemistry”), Environmental Control and Environmental Protection Engineering at University in Växjö; Falsterbo, Sweden•Brian Gregory Valentine, PhD, Adjunct professor of engineering (aero and fluid dynamics specialization) at the University of Maryland, Technical manager at US Department of Energy, for large-scale modeling of atmospheric pollution, Technical referee for the US Department of Energy's Office of Science programs in climate and atmospheric modeling conducted at American Universities and National Labs, Washington, DC, U.S.A.•Gerrit J. van der Lingen, PhD (Utrecht University), geologist and paleoclimatologist, climate change consultant, Geoscience Research and Investigations, Christchurch, New Zealand•A.J. (Tom) van Loon, PhD, Professor of Geology (Quaternary Geologyspecialism: Glacial Geology), Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; former President of the European Association of Science Editors•Michael G. Vershovsky, Ph.D. in meteorology (macrometeorology, long-term forecasts, climatology), Senior Researcher, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, works with, as he writes, “Atmospheric Centers of Action (cyclons and anticyclones, such as Icelandic depression, the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone, etc.). Changes in key parameters of these centers strongly indicate that the global temperature is influenced by these natural factors (not exclusively but nevertheless)”, St. Petersburg, Russia•Gösta Walin, Professor, i oceanografi, Earth Science Center, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden•Helen Warn, PhD (Meteorology, specialized in atmospheric fluid dynamics at McGill University), Vancouver, BC, Canada•Anthony Watts, ItWorks/IntelliWeather, Founder, surfacestations.org, Watts Up With That, Chico, California, U.S.A.•Charles L. Wax, PhD (physical geography: climatology, LSU), State Climatologist – Mississippi, past President of the American Association of State Climatologists, Professor, Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, U.S.A.•Forese-Carlo Wezel, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Stratigraphy (global and Mediterranean geology, mass biotic extinctions and paleoclimatology), University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy•Boris Winterhalter, PhD, senior marine researcher (retired), Geological Survey of Finland, former professor in marine geology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland•David E. Wojick, PhD, PE, energy and environmental consultant, Technical Advisory Board member - Climate Science Coalition of America, Star Tannery, Virginia, U.S.A.•Dr. Bob Zybach, PhD (Oregon State University (OSU), Environmental Sciences Program, EPA-sponsored peer-reviewed research on carbon sequestration in coniferous forests -- mostly in relation to climate history and quality of climate predictive models), MAIS (OSU, Forest Ecology, Cultural Anthropology, Historical Archaeology), BS (OSU College of Forestry), President, NW Maps Co., Program Manager, Oregon Websites and Watersheds Project, Inc., Cottage Grove, Oregon, U.S.A.American Association of State Climatologists” http://www.climatescienceinterna...http://www.populartechnology.net...