New Hampshire Auto Bill Of Sale: Fill & Download for Free

The United States Bill of RightsAbolition of slavery in every nation that did so peacefully, without killing nearly 1 million of its own citizensSuffolk BankRepeal of ProhibitionRepeal of Jim Crow lawsThe New York Diamond Dealers ClubHouston’s lack of land zoning regulationsRepeal of (some) laws restricting competition against the U.S. Postal ServiceTelecommunications deregulationThe unregulated InternetExemption to Social Security given to the AmishThe Depression of 1921 (“the depression that cured itself”)Juries using nullification against unjust laws from the Fugitive Slave Act to overcharging for drug offenses today.School choice/School vouchersMedical tourismPrivate toll roadsUnderwriters Laboratories and other organizations that develop voluntary safety standards.Private arbitrationNullification of federal law by sanctuary citiesThe Lex mercatoriaLegalization of gay marriageThe World CourtNeighborhood associations19th century state constitutional amendments prohibiting state funding of internal improvements (infrastructure projects).Private police officersLegalization of marijuanaPrivate schools / home schoolingSwiss neutralityCosta Rica abolishing its military in 1948New Hampshire’s lack of a mandate compelling motorcyclists to wear a helmetNew Hampshire’s lack of a mandate compelling motorists to carry auto insuranceEdison, the Wright Brothers and all other inventors and scientists who thrived without a government subsidy.BitcoinStates like New Hampshire that have no state income tax or sales tax or capital gains tax.State-level rollbacks of eminent domain powerseBayUber/LyftAirBnBState-level “right to work” legislation

In a free market economy, their should be no reason that Tesla would not be able to sell directly to its customers. However, some states have franchise laws that prohibit direct sales of cars and only allow cars to be sold by dealerships.Tesla uses the direct sales model to reduce costs and the hassle of the buying experience. Anyone who has purchased an ICE vehicle knows what I mean by the hassle of the buying experience.Here is some added information on on direct sales by state:States with total direct sales bansNew Mexico (also bans service centers)In January 2019, the Public Affairs Committee approved the Tesla-friendly Senate Bill 243, but it died on the Senate Corporations and Transportation Committee calendar. House Bill 294 died in the House Commerce and Economic Development Committee.Alabama (also bans service centers)Alabama regards manufacturer-owned new motor vehicle stores and service centers as "unfair and deceptive trade practices".In August 2016 State Senator Tom Whatley introduced Senate Bill 22, assigned to the Senate Tourism and Marketing Committee, which would allow a manufacturer of alternative fuel vehicles to sell and lease its vehicles directly to the public. The bill died in committee.South Carolina (also bans service centers)South Carolina bans manufacturer ownership of new car dealerships and manufacturer service/repair of cars they do not own. A bill was introduced in 2019 to allow electric only manufacturers to sell in the state. However, Tesla does offer mobile service in the state.LouisianaLouisiana enacted a law in June 2017 that bans direct to consumer sales of vehicles. A service center is planned in New Orleans.TexasTexas enacted laws make it illegal to buy a car from Tesla in person, at a Tesla Gallery. Thus, all Texas orders are taken via the internet or over the phone. Texas residents can still easily buy a car from Tesla, but the purchase is handled as an out-of-state transaction and must be completed before the vehicle ships to Texas. Tesla recently added the ability to include tax, title, license, and registration in the sale price of the car so the purchaser doesn't have to pay that separately once they receive the vehicle. In 2015, Tesla lobbied the Texas Legislature to modify the law to allow Tesla to sell directly to consumers, and specifically allow Tesla employees to discuss "financing, leasing, or purchasing options" at the firm's existing galleries in Austin, Dallas, and Houston.Texas considered legislation in 2015 to allow Tesla to operate in the state but legislation was not passed.As of 2016, most of the GOP delegates support direct sales while Governor Abbott prefers the current system. According to Texans for Public Justice, Tesla spent $1.3m on lobbyists while dealerships spent $1m.ConnecticutConnecticut does not allow manufacturer direct sales, but does allow direct leasing. Tesla operated a gallery in Greenwich that the Connecticut Automotive Retailers Association successfully got shut down via a lawsuit. In March 2018, Tesla was appealing a ruling that they operate the Greenwich gallery as an unlicensed dealership, but later dropped the appeal. The gallery was shut down in March 2019.In December 2019, Tesla started offering leases at their showrooms which allowed them to provide test drives for customers discussing leases.In 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 bills were introduced in the legislature to allow licensing electric vehicle manufacturers as dealers.West VirginiaWest Virginia does not allow Tesla-owned stores or showrooms.In January 2019, House Bill 2219 was introduced that would allow a manufacturer to be licensed and operate as a new motor vehicle dealer if the company is ZEV-only and manufacturing since 2008.WisconsinAuto manufacturers are not allowed to sell directly to the public under Wisconsin law.In late 2017 a legislative bill named "Electric Vehicle Freedom Act" was introduced to allow only electric vehicle manufactures to sell directly. The bill is opposed by the Wisconsin Automobile Dealers & Truck Association.NebraskaNebraska prohibits auto manufacturer direct sales, but Legislative Bill 830 was introduced in 2018 in an attempt to change the law.There is a new bill being pushed into Legislation from Vargas again. LB51 - Change license applications, prohibited acts, and franchise restrictions under the Motor Vehicle Industry Regulation Act. On January 8th, 2020 - Title printed. Carryover bill.OklahomaOklahoma currently bans direct sales by auto manufacturers, but legislation was introduced in February 2018 to attempt to allow it.States with limited salesVirginia(2 stores, unclear if more would be denied)[edit]In Virginia Tesla has obtained license from the (DMV) for a single direct sales dealership (Tysons Corner). Upon learning of Tesla's attempt to obtain a second dealership in the state, the Virginia Automobile Dealers Association filed a lawsuit in March 2016 against both Tesla and the DMV to prevent the licensing of the second dealership.In September 2016, the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (VDMV) recommended ending Tesla direct sales, as at least 11 dealerships were interested in selling Tesla vehicles.The VDMV later allowed Tesla to open another shop (Richmond), as Tesla has no dealerships to compete against; the 11 interested dealerships would not be able to compete on undiscounted prices, as Tesla has the same price online and in shops.Third-party profits could come from servicing as is traditional, but Tesla already has satisfactory servicing.The Virginia Automobile Dealers Association continues to use the legal system in an attempt to prevent Tesla from opening more than a single store and appealed the ruling by the Commissioner of the Department of Motor Vehicles allowing the second store to be open. However, in June 2019 a judge in the Richmond Circuit Court ruled against the Dealers Association.The Dealers Association also had state Senators remove a governor-appointed Tesla employee from the Motor Vehicle Dealer Board, created in 1995, that regulates car dealers in the state.Ohio(3 store limit)In December 2013, days before Tesla was to open its first store in Ohio, a one line amendment to a draft bill was proposed at the urging of the Ohio Automobile Dealers Association that would have prevented Tesla from selling directly to the public in the state. This amendment was dropped a day later.A group of auto dealers then sued the state to try to get Tesla's license rescinded. This suit was dismissed less than two months later. Shortly thereafter a legislative bill was introduced that would ban all manufacturers from owning dealerships, not just those with existing frachisees.A deal reached between Tesla and the Ohio Automobile Dealers Association in March 2014 allowed Tesla to have three stores but blocks all other auto manufacturers. The Ohio Senate approved the bill in April.New Jersey(4 store limit)On March 10, 2014, it was announced that New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission and Governor Chris Christie's administration held a meeting to pass a new proposal into law. This new proposal, PRN 2013-138, was announced one day before it was to be put into law. Tesla responded by saying that the proposal "seeks to impose stringent licensing rules that would, among other things, require all new motor vehicles to be sold through middlemen and block Tesla's direct sales model," and that "[Governor Christie's] Administration has decided to go outside the legislative process by expediting a rule proposal that would completely change the law in New Jersey."The law was passed, and "Tesla will no longer be able to sell electric cars in New Jersey, effective April 1". Diarmuid O'Connell, Tesla Vice President of Business Development, said, "Worse, it has done so without any reasonable notice or even a public hearing."Forbes contributor Mark Rogosky said, "The state's new rules protect its auto dealers from having to compete with Tesla's direct sales model"; he points out that this is a direct contrast from what Christie said earlier, "We are for a free-market society that allows your effort and ingenuity to determine your success, not the cold, hard hand of the government." Kevin Roberts, a spokesman for the Christie administration, responded by saying "it was the [Tesla Motors] company, not the governor's office, that was attempting to bypass normal procedures.".In March 2015, a new state law was signed allowing zero-emission vehicle manufacturers to sell at up to four location and require a minimum of 1 service center.2018 session Senate bill No. 3493 was introduced to increased the number of allowed sales locations to 14 by 2023, but increases the mandated retail service facilities to seven. It died in committee.In September 2019, the New Jersey auto dealers association, the New Jersey Coalition of Automotive Retailers, sued Tesla and the state to stop Tesla from selling cars by its current methods in the state.Maryland(4 store limit)In May 2015, Maryland approved, through House Bill 235, direct Tesla sales to customers beginning in October 2015, though limiting the statewide number of stores to only four. The legislation was crafted specifically for Tesla and allows only four manufacturers of electric or non-fossil fuel burning vehicles without existing franchisees to be licensed to sell direct to the public.Pennsylvania (5 store limit)Pennsylvania enacted a law in 2014 that allows Tesla to open up to five stores.New York (5 store limit)In 2014, New York banned direct sales but grandfathered in five Tesla stores. Tesla operates two galleries in addition to its five stores.There is proposed legislation (Senate bill S6600A and Assembly bill A8248A) to allow more stores. The Eastern New York Coalition of Automotive Retailers is opposed to this as is the Rochester Automobile Dealers Association.Georgia (5 store limit)Since 2015, Georgia law no longer restricts Tesla to 150 car sales per year but limits sales to five locations.North Carolina (6 store limit)Tesla's first store in North Carolina was in Raleigh. In 2016 the state would not grant Tesla a dealer license for a second location in Charlotte. A previous legislative bill that would allow six Tesla stores was shelved in 2017.In July 2019 a bill was passed allowing Tesla to operate a maximum of six stores, unlimited galleries and repair centers.States for which Tesla gained the right to mostly unrestricted direct sales:New Hampshire (2013 law change)In 2013, New Hampshire passed legislation to allow auto manufacturers with no existing franchise dealer in the state to engage in direct sales.Minnesota (2013 law interpretation)The Minnesota Department of Public Safety ruled in 2013 that the original dealer law "does not prohibit a manufacturer from becoming licensed as a dealer in Minnesota".The dealership association in the state failed in their attempt to get the law changed to block Tesla.Washington (2014 law)A 2014 Washington state law outlawed direct sales but grandfathered in Tesla.Massachusetts (2014 court ruling)After an almost two year court battle with the Massachusetts State Automobile Dealers Association, a September 2014 ruling by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court allowed Tesla to begin selling directly in the state. The court ruled the law only protected franchise dealers from abuse by manufacturers they already buy from; since no franchise dealers were selling Teslas at the time of the suit, the court ruled the Association had no standing to sue.Missouri (2017 court ruling)A Missouri circuit court ruled in August 2016 to end direct sales, confirmed in late December 2016, and delayed in early January while the Missouri Department of Revenue appeals the former verdict.]In December 2017 an appeals court reversed the circuit court's decision, saying the Missouri Automobile Dealers Association did not have standing to sue. However, the Dealers Association is backing new legislation that would allow it to sue.Wyoming (2017 law change)Wyoming banned direct sales until a law change in 2017 that created a direct sale manufacturer's license.Electric cars were seen as a way to promote the use of coal mined in the state.Arizona (2017 court ruling)Arizona blocked direct sales until June 2017 when an administrative law judge ruled that the Arizona Department of Transportation interpreted the law incorrectly. This was after a years-long legal battle by Tesla.Indiana (2017 law change)Indiana allows a service center and manufacturer sales for 30 months, ending direct Tesla sales by the end of 2017. A legislative proposal had further restrictions, opposed by Tesla.The Roads and Transportation committee approved a modification that grandfathered Tesla, but maintained the ban on all new direct sales by other automakers.Rhode Island (2017)In December 2017, Tesla was granted a license by the state of Rhode Island after DMV lawyers concluded that the law blocking direct auto sales only applied to manufactures that have franchise dealers. Tesla planned to begin sales in 2018 in Warwick, but this was pushed back to 2019.Utah (2018 law change)As of March 21, 2018, Utah Governor Herbert signed a bill into law allowing Tesla direct sales in the state.Michigan (2020 legal settlement)After a change of political leadership in Michigan's executive branch, on January 22, 2020, Tesla and the state of Michigan agreed to settle Tesla's 2016 federal lawsuit against the state for unfair vehicle sales and service restrictions. The agreement allows Tesla to sell and service cars within the state. Previously Tesla could not sell or service vehicles in Michigan. Tesla may deliver vehicles within the state, but they must be titled outside of Michigan and transferred to a new title after purchase. Tesla may not own a service center directly, but a wholly owned subsidiary may own a service centeColorado (2020 law change)Tesla opened its first and only Colorado store in Boulder in 2009. A 2010 revision to the state dealership law removed the word "franchised". This closed the loophole that Tesla had used to open a direct dealership but grandfathered in the existing singleThis limitation was supported by the Colorado Automobile Dealers Association.The store moved from Boulder to the Park Meadows shopping mall in Lone Tree in 2011. Showrooms/galleries have since been opened in Aspen, Vail, and the Cherry Creek Shopping Center in Denver, though these have since closed. There is a service center in Denver and a service center and showroom in Littleton. A large service center and store was built in Superior, Colorado in Boulder County, targeted for spring 2019 opening,, and opened in February 2020.A bill to allow direct sales died in the House in 2019, for which the Colorado Auto Dealers Association claimed credit. 2006 New Mexico Statutes, Section 57-16-5-V prohibits manufacturers like Tesla to be licensed as a dealer, directly or indirectly performing warranty or other services. Despite Tesla owners' pleas to change the law, they still currently depend on out-of-state centers such as Arizona and Colorado for Tesla sales and services.Hope you find this information useful.

the list is very longMany fascinating people have been engineers or have an engineeringbackground. As the list below shows, engineers are not just researchers,designers, and inventors. They are also artists, Super Bowl winners, astronauts,Olympians, heads of state, and even Academy Award recipients!Famous people who are also engineers or have an engineering bac kground :Scott Adams - cartoonist and creator of "Dilbert" - read an interview withhim in Prism MagazineYasser Arafat - Palestinian leader and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.hGraduated as a civil engineer from the University of Cairo.Neil Alden Armstrong - became the first man to walk on the moon onJuly 20, 1969, at 10:56 p.m. EDT. He and "Buzz" Aldren spent about twoand one-half hours walking on the moon, while pilot Michael Collinswaited above in the Apollo 11 command module. Armstrong received hisB.S. in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University and an M.S. inaerospace engineering from the University of Southern California.Rowan Atkinson - A British comedian, best known for his starring rolesin the television series "Blackadde"r and "Mr. Bean," and several filmsincluding Four Weddings And A Funeral. Atkinson attended firstManchester then Oxford University on an electrical engineering degree.Leonid Brezhnev - leader of the former Soviet Union, metallurgicalengineer.Alexander Calder - a native of Pennsylvania, received his degree inmechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken,New Jersey, and shortly thereafter moved to Paris, where he studied artand began to create his now-famous mobiles. Many of his largesculptures are on permanent outdoor display at the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, where the first major retrospective of his workwas held in 1950.Frank Capra - film director - "It Happened One Night", "Mr. Smith Goesto Washington", "It's a Wonderful Life" - college degree in chemicalengineering.Jimmy Carter - 39th President of the United States. Attended GeorgiaSouthwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology andreceived a B.S. degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1946.In the Navy he became a submariner, serving in both the Atlantic andPacific fleets and rising to the rank of lieutenant. Chosen by AdmiralHyman Rickover for the nuclear submarine program, he was assigned toSchenectady, N.Y., where he took graduate work at Union College inreactor technology and nuclear physics and served as senior officer ofthe pre-commissioning crew of the Seawolf.Roger Corman -film director, industrial engineering degree from StanfordUniversity. He started direct involvement in films in 1953 as a producerand screenwriter, making his debut as director in 1955. Between thenand his official retirement in 1971 he directed dozens of films, often asmany as six or seven per year, typically shot extremely quickly onleftover sets from other, larger productions. His probably unbeatablerecord for a professional 35mm feature film was twodays and a night to shoot the original version of "TheLittle Shop of Horrors".Leonardo Da Vinci - Florentine artist, one of the great masters of theHigh Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer,and scientist. His profound love of knowledge and research was thekeynote of both his artistic and scientific endeavors. His innovations inthe field of painting influenced the course of Italian art for more than acentury after his death, and his scientific studies - particularly in thefields of anatomy, optics, and hydraulics - anticipated many of thedevelopments of modern science.Thomas Edison - Edison patented 1,093 inventions in his lifetime,earning him the nickname "The Wizard of Menlo Park." The mostfamous of his inventions was an incandescent lightbulb. Besides the light bulb, Edison developed thephonograph and the kinetoscope, a small box forviewing moving films. He also improved upon theoriginal design of the stock ticker, the telegraph, andAlexander Graham Bell's telephone. Edison wasquoted as saying, "Genius is one percent inspirationand 99 percent perspiration."Lillian Gilbreth - is considered a pioneer in the field of time-and-motionstudies, showing companies how to increase efficiency and productionthrough budgeting of time, energy, and money. Dr. Gilbreth received herPh.D. in psychology from Brown University and was a professor atPurdue's School of Mechanical Engineering, Newark School ofEngineering and the University of Wisconsin. She is "Member No. 1" ofthe Society of Women Engineers. She and her husband used theirindustrial engineering skills to run their household, and those efforts arethe subject of the book and family film "Cheaper by the Dozen."Roberto C. Goizueta - former chairman and chief executive of Coca-Cola. Chemical engineering degree from Yale University.Herbie Hancock - jazz musician.Alfred Hitchcock - British-born American director andproducer of many brilliantly contrived films, most ofthem psychological thrillers including "Psycho", "TheBirds", "Rear Window", and "North by Northwest." Hewas born in London and trained there as an engineerat Saint Ignatius College. Although Hitchcock neverwon an Academy Award for his direction, he receivedthe Irving Thalberg Award of the Academy of MotionPicture Arts and Sciences in 1967 and the AmericanFilm Institute's Life Achievement Award in 1979. During the final year ofhis life, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, even though he had longbeen a naturalized citizen of the United States.Herbert Hoover - having graduated from Stanford University in California,Hoover was a 26 -year-old mining engineer in Tientsin, China, when thecity was attacked by 5,000 Chinese troops and 25,000 members of themartial arts group known as the Boxers. (The Boxer Rebellion was aviolent 1900 uprising against foreign business interests in China.)Hoover took charge of setting up barricades to protect Tientsin until itsrescue after 28 days of bombardment. Thirty years later, Herbert Hooverbecame the 31st President of the United States; he and his wifecontinued to speak Chinese when they wanted privacy in the WhiteHouse.Lee Iacocca - former chairman and CEO of Chrysler Corp. Iacoccagraduated from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., in 1945 and receiveda master's degree in engineering from Princeton University in 1946. Bestknown for his helmsmanship at Chrysler Motors, Iacocca started out asa sales manager at the Ford Motor Co. in 1946 and by 1970 waspresident of the company. Joining Chrysler in 1978, Iacocca helped dragthe troubled company from the brink of extinction by helping secure$1.5 billion in government loans. Iacocca's legendary status in theautomobile industry is reinforced by his role in the introduction of thatAmerican icon: the Ford Mustang. He was also one of the first CEOs toproselytise his company's products on national television with the K carcampaign.Bill Koch - yachtsman and winning America's Cup captain in 1992 , aswell as the chairman of the America3 Foundation.Tom Landry - former Dallas Cowboys coach.Hedy Lamarr - a famous 1940s actress not formally trained as anengineer, Lamarr is credited with several sophisticated inventions,among them a unique anti-jamming device for use against Nazi radar.Years after her patent had expired, Sylvania adapted the design for adevice that today speeds satellite communications around the world.She is also credited with the line: "Any girl can be glamorous. All youhave to do is stand still and look stupid."Jair Lynch - 1992 and 1996 Olympic gymnast. Civil Engineering degreefrom Stanford University.Arthur Nielsen - developer of Nielsen rating system.Tom Scholtz - leader of the rock band Boston. Master's degree fromMIT in mechanical engineering.John Sununu - former White House Chief of Staff for President GeorgeBush, former governor of New Hampshire, current CNN commentator on" Crossfire ."Boris Yeltsin - former president of Russia.John F. Welch, Jr . - received his engineeringundergraduate degree in his home-state at theUniversity of Massachusetts. After he earned hisPh.D. in chemical engineering from the University ofIllinois, he accepted a job offer from General Electric.The rest is history -- he became chairman and CEOof General Electric in 1981.Montel Williams - a highly decorated former Naval engineer and NavalIntelligence Officer, he is now an author of inspirational books and hostof a popular syndicated television talk show.Famous EngineersEdwin Howard Armstrong - His crowning achievement (1933) was theinvention of wide-band frequency modulation, now known as FM radio.Armstrong earned a degree in electrical engineering from ColumbiaUniversity in 1913.Alexander Graham Bell , inventor of the telephone.He also worked in medical research and inventedtechniques for teaching speech to the deaf. In 1888he founded the National Geographic Society.Henry Bessemer - English inventor and engineer who invented the firstprocess for mass-producing steel inexpensively - essential to thedevelopment of skyscrapers.Joseph Armand Bombardier - manufacturer of the first successfulsnowmobile.Philip Condit - CEO, The Boeing Company, mechanical/aeronauticalengineering.American engineer and inventor Willis Haviland Carrier developed theformulae and equipment that made air conditioning possible. Carrierattended Cornell University and graduated with an M.E. in 1901.William D. Coolidge's name is inseparably linked with the X-ray tube -popularly called the 'Coolidge tube.' This invention completelyrevolutionized the generation of X-rays and remains to this day themodel upon which all X-ray tubes for medical applications arepatterned. Coolidge, born in Hudson, Mass., graduated from theMassachusetts Institute of Technology in 1896, majoring in electricalengineering. At General Electric, he invented ductile tungsten, thefilament material still used in lamps, and worked on high-qualitymagnetic steel, improved ventilating fans and the electric blanket.Seymour Cray - After a brief service during World War II, he went to theUniversity of Minnesota where he studied engineering. In 1951 he joinedEngineering Research Associates, which was developing computers forthe Navy. Later he co-founded Control Data Corporation, and in 1972 hefounded CRAY Research. Seymour Cray unveiled the CRAY-1 in 1976,considered the first supercomputer.George de Mestral -attended the Ecole Polytechnique Federale deLausanne, Switzerland where he graduated as an electrical engineer. In1955 the "hook and loop fastener" he created was patented under thename Velcro which was derived from two French words: velour andcrochet ("velvet" and "hooks").Though best known for his invention of the pressure-ignited heat enginethat bears his name, the French-born Rudolf Diesel was also an eminentthermal engineer.Ray Dolby - audio system innovator and founder ofDolby Laboratories. His technical expertise has wonhim both an Academy Award and a Grammy!Bonnie Dunbar - NASA astronaut who earned her B.S. and M.S. degreesin ceramic engineering from the University of Washington and adoctorate in mechanical/biomedical engineering from the University ofHouston. While working at Rockwell International, Dr. Dunbar helped todevelop the ceramic tiles that enable space shuttles to survive re-entry.She has had an opportunity to test those tiles first hand as a four-timeastronaut, including a stint on the first shuttle mission to dock with theRussian Space Station Mir.Reginald A. (Aubrey) Fessenden - Canadian-born American physicist andelectrical engineer who is known for his early work in wirelesscommunication. He began his research at the University of Pittsburgh;after designing a high-frequency alternator, he broadcast (1906) the firstprogram of speech and music ever transmitted by radio. That sameyear, he established two-way transatlantic wireless telegraphcommunication. Fessenden also invented the heterodyne system ofradio reception, the sonic depth finder, the radio compass, submarinesignaling devices, the smoke cloud (for tank warfare), and theturboelectric drive (for battleships).Sir Sanford Fleming - a civil engineer and scientist, played a key role indeveloping the Canadian railway system and created the worldwidesystem of standard time.Henry Ford held many patents on automotive mechanisms but is bestremembered for helping devise the factory assembly approach toproduction that revolutionized the auto industry by greatly reducing thetime required to assemble a car. Born in Wayne County, Mich., Fordshowed an early interest in mechanics, constructing his first steamengine at the age of 15. In 1891, Ford became an engineer with theEdison Illuminating Company in Detroit. He became Chief Engineer in1893 and this position allowed him to devote attention to his personalexperiments on internal combustion engines. In 1893 he built his firstinternal combustion engine, a small one-cylinder gasoline model, and in1896 he built his first automobile. In June 1903, Ford helped establishFord Motor Company. He served as president of Ford from 1906 to 1919and from 1943 to 1945.Jay W. Forrester was a pioneer in early digital computer developmentand invented random-access, coincident-current magnetic storage,which became the standard memory device for digital computers. Hereceived a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1939 from theUniversity of Nebraska and a M.S. degree from the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology in 1945.Yuan-Cheng Fung - Fung is widely recognized as the father ofbiomechanics, having established the fundamentals of biomechanicalproperties in many of the human body's organs and tissues. He foundedthe bioengineering program at the University of California, San Diego. InNovember 2001 he became the first bioengineer to receive thePresident's National Medal of Science, the nation's highest scientifichonor.Robert Hutchings Goddard pioneered modern rocketryand space flight and founded a whole field of scienceand engineering. Goddard's interest in rockets beganin 1899, when he was 17. He conducted static testswith small solid-fuel rockets at Worcester Tech asearly as 1908, and in 1912 he developed the detailedmathematical theory of rocket propulsion. In 1915 heproved that rocket engines could produce thrust in avacuum and therefore make space flight possible. Hesucceeded in developing several types of solid-fuel rockets to be firedfrom handheld or tripod-mounted launching tubes, which were the basisof the bazooka and other powerful rocket weapons of World War II. Atthe time of his death Goddard held 214 patents in rocketry.Andrew Grove - co-founder, Intel, chemical engineer.William Hewlett and David Packard , co-founders of Hewlett-Packard.Beulah Louise Henry was known in the 1920s and 30s as "the ladyEdison" for the many inventions she patented, including a vacuum icecream freezer, a typewriter that made multiple copies without carbonpaper, and a bobbinless lockstitch sewing machine. Henry foundedmanufacturing companies to produce her creations, making a fortune inthe process.Grace Murray Hopper, a computer engineer and RearAdmiral in the U.S. Navy, developed the firstcomputer compiler in 1952 and the computerprogram language COBOL. Upon discovering that amoth had jammed the works of an early computer,Hopper popularized the term "bug." In 1983, byspecial presidential appointment, Hopper waspromoted to the rank of Commodore. Two yearslater, she became one of the first women to beelevated to the rank of Rear Admiral. In 1986, afterforty-three years of service, RADM Grace Hopperceremoniously retired on the deck of the USSConstitution. At 80 years, she was the oldest active duty officer at thattime. She spent the remainder of her life as a senior consultant toDigital Equipment Corporation. Hopper received numerous honors overthe course of her lifetime. In 1969, the Data Processing ManagementAssociation awarded her the first Computer Science Man-of-the-YearAward. She became the first person from the United States and the firstwoman to be made a Distinguished Fellow of the British ComputerSociety in 1973. She also received multiple honorary doctorates fromuniversities across the nation. The Navy christened a ship in her honor.In September 1991, she was awarded the National Medal of Technology,the nation's highest honor in engineering and technology.Clarence "Kelly" Johnson - played a leading role inthe design of more than 40 aircraft and set up aSkunk Works-type operation to develop a Lockheedsatellite--the Agena-D--that became the nation'sworkhorse in space. His achievements over almostsix decades captured every major aviation designaward and the highest civilian honors of the U.S.government and made him an aerospace legend. Hewas elected to the National Academy of Sciences in1965, was enshrined in the National Aviation Hall ofFame in 1974, and was awarded the the Medal ofFreedom in 1964 by President Lyndon Johnsonrecognizing, his "significant contributions to the quality of Americanlife."Bill Joy - co-founder of Sun Microsystems, electrical engineer. Hereceived a B.S.E.E. in electrical engineering from the University ofMichigan in 1975, after which he attended graduate school at U.C.Berkeley where he was the principal designer of Berkeley UNIX (BSD)and received a M.S. in electrical engineering and computer science. TheBerkeley version of UNIX became the standard in education andresearch, garnering development support from DARPA, and was notablefor introducing virtual memory and Internet working using TCP/IP toUNIX. In 1997, Joy was appointed by President Clinton as co-chairmanof the Presidential Information Technology Advisory Committee.Jack Kilby - inventor of the integrated circuit. Kilby received a B.S.E.E.degree from the University of Illinois in 1947 and an M.S.E.E. from theUniversity of Wisconsin in 1950. In 2000, he received the Nobel Prize inPhysics for his work with the integrated circuit.William LeMessurier - structural designer of the Citicorp building,structural engineer.Elijah McCoy was a Black inventor who was awardedover 57 patents. The son of runaway slaves fromKentucky, he was born in Canada and lived there asa youth. Educated in Scotland as a mechanicalengineer he returned to Detroit and in 1872 inventeda lubricator for steam engines. His new oiling devicerevolutionized the industrial machine industry byallowing machines to remain in motion while beingoiled. This device, although imitated by otherdesigners, was so successful that people inspectingnew equipment would ask if it contained the realMcCoy.Guglielmo Marconi - The "Father of Radio" - Marconi received manyhonors including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909.James Morgan - CEO, Applied Materials, mechanical engineer. In 1996he received the National Medal of Technology for his industry leadershipand for his vision in building Applied Materials into the world's leadingsemiconductor equipment company, a major exporter and a globaltechnology pioneer which helps enable the Information Age.Bill Nye - worked for Boeing before he became the "science guy",Mechanical engineering degree from Cornell University.Kevin Olmstead - world-record game show payoff winner - $2,180,000winner, "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?" - and environmental engineer.After acquiring chemical engineering degrees from Case WesternReserve University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Olmstead earned a doctorate degree in environmental engineering fromthe University of Michigan. He also taught civil and environmentalengineering and is currently a senior project engineer with Tetra TechMPS, an international consulting firm specializing in infrastructure andcommunications systems.Kenneth Olsen - inventor of magnetic core memory, co-founder, DigitalEquipment Corporation. After serving in the Navy between 1944 and1946, he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where heearned a B.S. (1950) and an M.A. (1952) in electrical engineering.Arati Prabhakar - director, National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce. Prabhakar wasappointed the 10th NIST Director in May 1993. NIST promotes U.S.economic growth by working with industry to develop and applytechnology, measurements, and standards. Previously, Prabhakar servedas director of the Microelectronics Technology Office in the DefenseDepartment's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). She holdsthe distinction of being the first woman with a doctorate from theCalifornia Institute of Technology, and was also the youngest director ofthe institute.Ludwig Prandtl - the father of fluid mechanics, mechanical engineer.Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. - former CEO of Pfizer, Inc., electrical engineer.Judith Resnik - Challenger astronaut, electrical engineer. Received abachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1970 and a doctorate in electrical engineering fromthe University of Maryland in 1977.Hyman G. Rickover - the "Father ofthe Nuclear Navy" he led thedevelopment of the Navy nuclearsubmarine fleet. Masters inelectrical engineering fromColumbia University. During WorldWar II, he headed the electricalsection of the Navy's Bureau ofShips, and in 1946 was enlisted intothe U.S. atomic program. The nextyear he returned to the Navy tomanage its nuclear-propulsionprogram. Regarded as a fanatic byhis detractors, he completed theworld's first nuclear submarine--theUSS Nautilus--ahead of schedule in1955. While continuing his work with the Navy, he helped build the firstmajor civilian nuclear power plant at Shippingport, PA. Always anoutspoken advocate of U.S. nuclear supremacy, he was promoted to therank of vice admiral in 1959 and admiral in 1973. He retired from theNavy in 1982 after serving as an officer for a record 63 years.Throughout his long naval career his decorations included theDistinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Navy CommendationMedal, two Congressional Gold Medals, as well as the title of HonoraryCommander of the Military Division of the Most Excellent Order of theBritish Empire. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter presented him thePresidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest non-military honor.Norbert Rillieux - revolutionized in the sugar industry by inventing arefining process that reduced the time, cost, and safety risk involved inproducing sugar from cane and beets. His inventions protected lives byending the older dangerous methods of sugar production. As the son ofa French planter/inventor and a slave mother, Norbert Rillieux was bornin New Orleans, LA. He was educated at the L'Ecole Central in Paris,France in 1830, were he studied evaporating engineering and served asan educator.Washington Roebling - completed the Brooklyn Bridge which was startedby his father, civil engineer.Katherine Stinson - the first female graduate of NCState University's College of Engineering. Initiallydenied admission as a freshman, Stinson went on tobecome one of NC State's most distinguished andactive alumni. Graduating vice president of her class,she was soon hired by the Civil AeronauticsAdministration as its first female engineer. Later, sheserved as technical assistant chief in its Engineeringand Manufacturing Division until her retirement in 1973. She went on tofound the Society of Women Engineers.Nikola Tesla - invented the induction motor with rotating magnetic fieldthat made unit drives for machines feasible and made AC powertransmission an economic necessity.Stephen Timoshenko - the father of engineering mechanics, engineeringscientist.Theodore von Karman - Dr. von Karman was one of the world's foremostaerodynamicsts and scientists and is widely recognized as the father ofmodern aerospace science. He was a professor of aeronautics at theCalifornia Institute of Technology and was one of the principal foundersof NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.George Westinghouse - invented a system of air brakes that made travelby train safe and built one of the greatest electric manufacturingorganizations in the United States. In 1886, he founded theWestinghouse Electric Company, foreseeing the possibilities ofalternating current as opposed to direct current, which was limited to aradius of two or three miles. Westinghouse enlisted the services ofNikola Tesla and other inventors in the development of alternatingcurrent motors and apparatus for the transmission of high-tensioncurrent, pioneering large-scale municipal lighting.American inventor, pioneer, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer EliWhitney is best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin. He alsoaffected the industrial development of the United States when, inmanufacturing muskets for the government, he translated the concept ofinterchangeable parts into a manufacturing system, giving birth to theAmerican mass-production concept.Steve Wozniak cofounded Apple Computer, Inc. in1976 with the Apple I computer. Wozniak's Apple IIpersonal computer - introduced in 1977 and featuringa central processing unit (CPU), keyboard, floppydisk drive, and a $1,300 price tag - helped launch thePC industry. In 1980, just a little more than four yearsafter being founded, Apple went public. Wozniak leftApple in 1981 and went back to Berkeley and finishedhis degree in electrical engineering/computerscience. Since then, he has been involved in variousbusiness and philanthropic ventures, focusingprimarily on computer capabilities in schools,including an initiative in 1990 to place computers in schools in theformer Soviet Union.