Report No 30 Of The Ontario Soil Survey: Fill & Download for Free

The state health department declared an emergency at the Love Canal in 1978, but the history of the dump site stretches back to the last century. Here's a chronology of the site's history and the unfolding environmental disaster:May 23, 1834: William T. Love starts digging a canal designed to link the upper and lower Niagara River, bypassing the Falls. The water flow down the escarpment, in Love's scheme, would power the industry of a new "Model City" — but the invention of alternating current and practical power transmission torpedoes the scheme and financial backing disappears by 1836, with only 3,200 feet of canal excavated.1910-1920s: After several other attempts at canal-digging, the project is totally abandoned and the Love Canal becomes a neighborhood swimming hole.1920s-1930s: Use as a dump site for municipal and industrial waste begins, with most of the early dumping consisting of relatively harmless materials.1942-1953: An "organic chemical revolution" in herbicides and pesticides provides impetus for the riverside chemical industries, and production of toxic chemicals on a large scale begins. Some of the by-products of these chemicals are themselves toxic, and tons of residues are sealed in metal drums and buried at the Love Canal and other sites.1951: Housing development begins in areas adjacent to the Love Canal.1953: Despite initial reluctance and after a threat of property condemnation, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corp. deeds the Love Canal to the Niagara Falls Board of Education for $1, so an elementary school can be built to serve the growing residential neighborhood.1954: Contractors building the 99th Street School hit soft spots and holes, strong fumes and chemicals. The school site is moved 85 feet and a new foundation poured in 1955.1958: The City of Niagara Falls builds roads and buries utility lines through the canal site.1960: The Board of Education gives the city 6.6 acres, the northern third of the Love Canal, for construction of a park. The city eventually builds a baseball field on the site.1962: The Board of Education sells 6 acres, the southern third of the Love Canal, to Ralph Capone of Niagara Falls for development. Title eventually passes to L.C. Armstrong of Kane, Pa.1970: Public awareness of pollution and the long-term effects of waste chemicals on the Niagara Frontier begins, with discovery of mercury poisoning in Lake Ontario fish.1970-1976: Nine complaints about health problems at the Love Canal are logged by the Niagara County Health Department, which orders soil dumped "to cover pooled liquid and exposed drums." In 1972, 101st Street near the canal gains a new resident — Lois Gibbs, 20, who with her husband Harry will begin to raise two children in the neighborhood, and who will emerge as a protest leader and national environmental activist.A 1987 aerial view of Love Canal shows the task the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had set out for itself for a dioxin cleanup that would cost between $26 and $31 million. (News file photo)1976: The impact of toxins on the environment is a continuing issue with a series of villains — phosphates tied to the "death" of Lake Erie, vinyl chloride fumes and Red Dye #2 tied to health concerns, and Mirex poisoning of Lake Ontario gulls and bottom sediments. In northern Italy, a cloud of emitted chemicals including dioxin contaminates the entire thousand-acre valley of Seveso. Love Canal's early warning signs are obscured by other local environmental issues — Mirex, the abandonment of radioactive materials in West Valley, debate over locating a chemical waste processing plant in Porter.Summer, 1976: After three years of unusually heavy rains, chemicals begin to ooze into backyards and basements in homes around the Love Canal.Oct. 3, 1976: The Niagara Gazette first reports the chemical seepage. Reporter Michael Brown, later to author a book on the Love Canal, gathers samples for testing.Autumn, 1976: Concerns about problems at the Love Canal voiced by Niagara County health officials and regional administrators of the state Department of Environmental Conservation. Early fears center on benzene and toluene, possible links to leukemia and other diseases. Testing is done by the county health department, state DEC and federal Environmental Protection Agency.August 1977: Niagara Falls hires Calspan Corp. to study the chemical seepage, recommend solutions.1977: Local DEC officials recommend to Albany that the state take legal action against Hooker over the Love Canal.Winter, 1977-78: Local DEC officials begin sending urgent messages to Albany, warning that Love Canal could be more serious than anything so far faced by the state or federal government.February, 1978: Chemical contamination found in sump water samples taken in homes abutting the canal.March, 1978: Chemical contamination found in air samples taken in homes abutting the canal.April, 1978: State environmental commissioner Peter A. Berle and health commissioner Dr. Robert P. Whalen make unannounced visit to the Love Canal. State orders Niagara County to restrict access to the Love Canal area, and to remove buried chemicals.May, 1978: Increasingly desperate for health information, Love Canal residents meet with state officials to learn about the threats posed by toxic chemicals in the dump.June, 1978: State begins blood sample collections and door-to-door health surveys in the 97 homes bordering the canal. State health and environmental officials meet to discuss the problem.An undated protest photo shows a child wearing a sign bearing the words, "Don't Touch Me: I'm Contaminated by Love Canal." (News file photo)July, 1978: Health Department study shows 81 chemicals, including benzene, present at the site. Air sampling continues from July through November. State politicians and officials meet in July to discuss Love Canal problems, and on July 31 a fly-in scientific conference brings experts to LaGuardia Airport in New York to review the situation.Aug. 2. 1978: Dr. Robert Whalen, state health commissioner, declares a state of emergency at the Love Canal. The 99th Street School is ordered closed, and the commissioner recommends relocation of pregnant women and children under 2 from the first two rings of houses nearest the canal. The announcement triggers an emotional meeting at the 99th Street School, with more than 200 residents chanting "We Want Out!" The first residents out are Robert and Janice Huryn and their two sons, age 3 years and 3 months, who left their house on 97th Street — where white chemical suds were oozing into the basement — to stay with relatives.Aug. 7, 1978: President Jimmy Carter declares a national state of emergency at the Love Canal.Aug. 1978: New York Gov. Hugh L. Carey visits the Love Canal neighborhood and temporarily defuses a tension-filled confrontation by deciding to evacuate all 239 families living next to the canal on both sides of 97th and 99th Streets.August, 1978: Dr. Beverly Paigen, a researcher at Roswell Park Memorial Institute who had been the first to call for Love Canal evacuation, takes soil samples at the Love Canal and finds chemical contamination.Sept. 1, 1978: State Bureau of Occupational Health reports that 10 percent of 4,000 blood samples taken in the neighborhood indicate a chance of liver abnormalities. A state report titled "Love Canal: Public Health Time Bomb" is issued.Oct. 1 1978: State begins construction of a chemical drainage system at the Love Canal, despite "evacuation before excavation" protests from homeowners who want all residents relocated before the earth at the contaminated site is disturbed. Work centers on the southern third of the canal, and begins with a safety briefing – the first spade of contaminated soil is not turned until Oct. 17.Oct. 16. 1978: 100 Love Canal residents march on City Hall after the state denies relocation pleas of 20 residents living beyond the "hazard zone."October-November 1978: State soil and sump samples indicate chemicals in 70 percent of the homes; fears surface over dioxin, lindane.Oct. 31. 1978: Medical survey by Dr. Paigen claims 75 percent of Love Canal residents face increased health risks.Nov. 10, 1978: Among the chemicals found at Love Canal is 2, 4, 5 trichlorophenol, a compound related to dioxin, the deadliest chemical ever synthesized by man. Scientists minimize the possibility that dioxin may be present, but Hooker admits burying 200 tons 2, 4, 5 trichlorophenol at Love Canal from 1943 to 1953.Dec. 9, 1978: Love Canal homeowners begin picketing Love Canal work site, protesting state refusal to expand evacuation or answer health questions.Dec. 10, 1978: State soil sampling continues. Traces of dioxin found on the canal side of 97th Street.Dec. 11, 1978: First picketers arrested at the Love Canal work site.Dec. 12, 1 978: Eight more picketers, including Mrs. Gibbs, arrested. All charges are later dropped.Feb. 8, 1979: State health department finds miscarriages, birth defects above normal in some areas. Dr. David Axelrod, new state health commissioner, recommends temporary relocation of all pregnant women and children under 2 who live in a six-block area from 97th to 103rd streets and Frontier Avenue to Colvin Boulevard.Feb. 15, 1979: Love Canal Homeowners Association delegation takes a coffin to Gov. Carey's office in Albany.Feb. 20, 1979: Dr. Paigen, later to relocate to California after charging that she was shut out of research grants because of her whistle-blowing at the Love Canal, disputes findings of the Feb. 8 state report.March 21, 1979: State announces plans to remove and sell additional 100 homes with backyards abutting the canal. Mrs. Gibbs goes to Washington, testifies before House of Representatives panel; Dr. Paigen also testifies, says toxins are migrating along old buried streambeds that transect the Love Canal.April 1, 1979: State finds dioxin in a 37th Street backyardApril, 1979: Love Canal residents' informal survey of the Griffin Park/ 93rd Street neighborhood shows high incidence of health problems.Lois Gibbs, a Love Canal resident who became an internationally recognized environmental activists, wears a look of deep concern at a public meeting in the early 1980s. (Photo by Mickey Osterreicher)May 29, 1979: Remedial work begins on central and northern Love Canal areas.July 26, 1979: Interim state health department report issued.Aug. 1, 1979: Love Canal Homeowners Association president Lois Gibbs, who emerged as a leader two weeks after the 1978 emergency declaration, says at least 40 children have suffered eye, throat and chest irritation during the remedial work.Aug. 22, 1979: Mrs. Gibbs criticizes findings of the July 30 state report.August-September, 1979: Odors from the work sites prompt flight of residents from Love Canal area. Stella Niagara campus shelters 382 persons from 131 of the remaining 550 Love Canal families.Oct. 11, 1979: Remedial work on southern portion of Love Canal is completed.Oct. 26, 1979: Gov. Carey announces decision to buy more homes, for evacuation of 561 families in a 10-block area around the landfill.Nov. 20, 1979: Health department study shows dioxin in Black Creek sediments.Dec. 18, 1979: Mrs. Gibbs says only 2 of 8 children born to residents of Love Canal area in the previous year were normal.Dec. 20 1979: U.S. Justice Department files a $117 million lawsuit against the Hooker Chemical Co., for clean-up costs at four Niagara County dump sites.1980: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation & Liability Act of 1980 passed and signed into federal law. $1.6 billion federal "Superfund" for environmental clean-up also passed.April 28, 1 980: New York sues Hooker and two affiliated firms for $635 million, for the dumping of chemical wastes into the Love Canal.May 17, 1980: Environmental Protection Agency releases study indicating chromosome damage to some Love Canal residents. Homeowners react strongly to the news, again demanding immediate and total evacuation. Study comes under immediate attack by some scientists who believe it was flawed and incomplete, and eventually is refuted.May 18, 1980: U.S. prepares to evacuate all 710 families.May 19, 1980: State University of Buffalo neurologist says some Love Canal residents may have reversible nerve damage. Frustrated Love Canal residents, upset by the reports of chromosome damage, take two EPA officials hostage in the Love Canal Homeowners Association office and hold them for five hours while demanding evacuation of the entire Love Canal neighborhood.May 20, 1980: EPA says blood tests are "not alarming." Mrs. Gibbs is ejected three times from a Niagara County Legislature meeting, where residents are protesting legislators' refusal to join the regional Love Canal Authority.May 22, (21) 1980: President Carter declares a second federal emergency at the Love Canal, clearing the way for federal aid to relocate 728 families in a 50 square-block area around the dump. Victory celebrations held at the Love Canal Homeowners Association.A family packs up their belongings as they move out of the Love Canal neighborhood. (Photo by Mickey Osterreicher)June 5, 1980: Euphoria turns to bitterness as the federal government announces it can only offer low-interest loans, not buy the canal-area homes outright. Both Gov. Carey and Mrs. Gibbs criticize the federal decision.Oct. 2 1980: President Carter signs a $20 million state-federal aid package for Love Canal family relocations. State and federal governments have agreed to buy another 550 homes, and all but 76 homeowners agree to sell. Total cost is $24.8 million.1980: Love Canal Revitalization Agency formed, and in early 1981 turns from immediate problems to long-range planning.Feb. 1, 1981: State Assembly Task Force on Hazardous Substances charges that the Army dumped wastes in the Love Canal in the 1940s, but Army denies the charge on Feb. 20 and replies that the state provided no new evidence not reviewed in earlier study that found no such dumping.June 1, 1981: State health department study shows only the risk of lung cancer higher at Love Canal.Dec. 1, 1981: Scaled-down second health study begun by federal government.Jan. 19, 1982: State announces plans to demolish houses in Rings 1 and 2 at the canal.June 17 1982: Demolition of first of 227 houses closest to the canal. Delores Frain, whose husband died two weeks earlier and who raised seven children during her 23 years in the neighborhood, watches tearfully as her home at 99th and Frontier is leveled in five minutes by a bulldozer.July 8, 1982: EPA tells state it's still unable to determine whether houses beyond the first two rings will be habitable again.July 12, 1982: State announces high dioxin levels at the canal. EPA soon confirms that the chemical is present in concentrations 100,000 times that found toxic to laboratory animals.July 14, 1982: EPA environmental study, delayed 18 months, finally released; officials say homes outside first two rings are habitable.December 1982: Second remedial work project, costing $4 million, begins. Calls for permanent closing of the school, cleaning of the sewers, and a concrete retaining wall around the site.April 30, 1983: Study by Dr. Paigen indicates children born or raised near the Love Canal are smaller, tend to develop more slowly and have more health problems than other kids.May 16, 1983: Federal study refutes earlier chromosome damage findings.June 8, 1983: 99th Street School demolished.June 21, 1983: Congress-control led Office of Technology Assessment suggests redoing earlier environmental study, says EPA report can't be relied on as green light for resettlement of outer ring areas.July, 1983: Plans for concrete retaining wall at the site are scrapped, due to indications areas outside the planned wall are contaminated.1983: Occidental Chemical, which has bought Hooker, offers a $20 million lump sum settlement to 1ß36 Love Canal residents – about 95 percent of the more than 1,400 residents who have sued the chemical company. The settlement, accepted by the residents in 1984, settles $15 billion in claims and $1 million is set aside as a lifetime medical trust. Average settlement is $14,250.Dec. 9, 1983: United States sues Occidental for $45 million.A home sits abandoned near Love Canal in 1987. (News file photo)Dec. 1, 1984: Clay cap installed over Love Canal.Dec. 9, 1984: State health department study covering four years from 1979 to 1983 indicates lower-than-normal birth weights for Love Canal children.1986: Cleaning of contaminated sewer system begins, includes sewers halfway across the City of Niagara Falls.Oct. 4, 1986: Home of Lois Gibbs, who is now living near Washington, D.C., is demolished in an unexpected round of Saturday-morning bulldozing on 101st Street.1987: New York State approves a $1.2 billion Environmental Quality Bond Act, and a beefed-up $9 billion federal Superfund is designed to aid environmental clean-up for a five-year period.February, 1988: U.S. Attorney here says $200 million has been spent on Love Canal clean-up, which is likely to cost $50 million more.Feb. 23, 1988: U.S. Judge John Curtin finds Occidental liable for Love Canal.Summer, 1988: Fenced-off toxic dump remains in the middle of the Love Canal site. There are still 84 people living in and around the Love Canal; controversy continues over possible razing of the 304-unit LaSalle projects. The Love Canal Revitalization Agency still owns 400 residential properties in the area, and a resettlement decision involving 13 neighborhoods within the Love Canal area is expected from the state health department by late summer or fall.1996: Love Canal Revitalization Agency sells and rehabilitates homes north of the canal, sparking the present Black Creek Village.1997: Occidental settles lawsuit against the last of the 49 insurance carriers over expenses incurred during the cleanup.1998: Nearly 900 former residents receive awards ranging from $63 to $133,000 in personal injury damages.A history of the Love Canal disaster, 1893 to 1998

Apollo 11 Image LibraryFigure Captions Copyright © 1995-2019 by Eric M. Jones and Ken Glover.All rights reserved.HTML Design by Brian W. Lawrence.Last revised 08 July 2019.No copyright is asserted for NASA photographs. If a recognizable person appears in a photo, use for commercial purposes may infringe a right of privacy or publicity. Photos may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by NASA or by any NASA employee of a commercial product, process or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead. Accordingly, it is requested that if a NASA photograph is used in advertising and other commercial promotion, layout and copy be submitted to NASA prior to release.NASA photos reproduced from this archive should include photo credit to "NASA" or "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" and should include scanning credit to the appropriate individuals or agencies as noted in the captions.Many of the scans of photos taken during the missions were done from the original film. These scans are being done by NASA Johnson, with some post-processing by Kipp Teague. The film is scanned at 4096 x 4096 pixels per image. (See a discussion from Arizona State University about the scanning process.) Kipp reduced each digital image to approximately 2350 x 2350 pixels (equivalent to 300 dpi) and did minor adjustments of levels to ensure that (1) brightly lit areas of lunar soil were neutral grey, (2) objects with known colors (such as the CDR stripes or the LCRU blankets) looked right, and (3) information in bright or dark areas was not lost. These images from original film are indicated by the notation 'OF300' in the image description. In each case, a 900 x 900 pixel version is also provided.Anaglyphs in the image libraries created from sequential panorama frames by the ALSJ editor exist only because of Yuri Krasilnikov's willingness to teach me the art. Whatever value the anaglyphs have is due to Yuri's insights and guidance. Flaws are my doing. Briefly, panorama stitching freeware Hugin is used to create both non-stereo pan assemblies and remapped versions of the images. The latter are then made into anaglyphs using GIMP. The individual remapped images are linked from the corresponding Library entries for the original frames. The remapped images can be used to create stereo views using other methods.For those interested in the subject of Apollo Photography and the Color of the Moon, see a brief discussion written for the ALSJ by Michael Light.This Apollo 11 Image Library contains all of the pictures taken on the lunar surface by the astronauts together with pictures from pre-flight training and pictures of equipment and the flight hardware. High-resolution version of all the lunar surface images are included. A source for both thumbnail and low -resolution versions of the lunar surface images is a website compiled by Paul Spudis and colleagues at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.Descriptions of the cameras, film and general contents of the various magazines used during Apollo 11 can be found in National Space Science Data Center Report NSSDC 70-06, Apollo 11 Lunar Photography, issued April 1970.Journal Contributor Paul White has made detailed comparisons of cloud patterns seen in a large number of Apollo images with imagery taken at close to the same time by various meteorlogical satellites.Sections:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera ImagesOriginal LROC image courtesy NASA/GSFC/ASU. Deconvovled/enhanced versions courtesy NASA/GSFC/ASU/GoneToPlaid.LROC Images of Tranquility Base in order of Solar Phase from Sunrise to SunsetDate and Time (UTC)LROC ImageSolar El / AzLRO Altitude(km)Horiz/Vert Res.(m/px)LightingFeatures22 Dec 2009 22:43:38M116161085R8.2/90.7470.48/0.55Early Morn.18 Jun 2010 10:00:42M131494509L10.8/89.7400.40/0.55Early Morn.25 Nov 2009 14:44:11M113799518R35.8/92.0470.51/0.54Mid. Morn.Faint track definition22 May 2010 02:06:13M129133239R36.9/89.2410.41/0.55Mid. Morn.29 Oct 2009 08:14:07M111443315R63.8/94.9490.49/0.54Late Morn.Excellent track definition01 Oct 2009 23:50:40M109080308R87.8/195.3500.53/0.54NoonGood track definition04 Sep 2009 16:18:27M106719774L62.7/266.31221.28/1.26Early Aft.Better track definition than in August '09 but not as good as 1 October '0901 Mar 2010 03:50:15M122054682R62.3/271.3420.43/0.55Early Aft.08 Aug 2009 09:15:31M104362199R36.1/269.01151.17/1.19Mid. Aft.Armstrong track to Little West faintly visible, LRRR, PSEP01 Feb 2010 First Pass 19:52:11M119693197L34.9/270.3410.46/0.88Mid. Aft.01 Feb 2010 Next Orbit 21:45:17M119699983R34.0/270.3410.46/0.9Mid. Aft.29 Jul 2010 First Pass 08:53:03M135032851L28.9/268.8460.53/0.55Mid. Aft.29 Jul 2010 Next Orbit 10:46:23M135039651L27.9/268.9460.49/0.55Mid. Aft.12 Jul 2009 First Pass 01:08:01M102000149R10.2/270.21131.18/1.18Late Aft.LRRR, PSEP12 Jul 2009 Next Orbit 05:06:36M102014464R8.2/270.21131.29/1.17Late Aft.LRRR, PSEP not visible05 Jan 2010 13:46:07M117338434R6.4/269.8410.42/0.55Late Aft.02 Jul 2010 02:52:17M132678405R2.0/270.0460.46/0.55SunsetApollo 11 Site - Sunrise to Sunset WMV Film ( 36 Mb )ALSJ Contributor GoneToPlaid has used eleven LROC images taken of the Apollo 11 landing site between 12 July 2009 and and 22 May 2010 to show how the appearance of the site from overhead changes with sun angle. Each frame has been converted to a common scale and has been deconvolved and enhanced. The WMV film begins with a presentation of the frames in the order which they were taken. The next section presents the frames in order of solar elevation, beginning with local sunrise and ending with sunset. The third sequence is ordered by solar elevation and shows as area of about 600 x 360 meters, centered on the LM. The sequence shows changes in the appearance of the LM, terrain features, astronaut tracks, rocks, and deployed equipment under different lighting conditions. The sequence also shows bright objects well away from the LM which, because each persists over two or more consecutive images, are almost certainly pieces of Mylar blown off the descent stage during LM liftoff. The final sequence, GoneToPlaid writes, "is a repeat of the previous sequence, but with only a one-sixth-second delay before transitioning to the next image. This helps the sequence flow smoothly from start to finish. It also provides a stronger visual effect where the viewer can clearly see the top of the LM descent stage shifting left and right, relative to the footpads, due to the changing perspective from which the LRO viewed the AP11 landing site."12 July 2009 First Pass 01:08:01 UTC; Solar El/Az 10.2/270.2; LRO Altitude 113 km. (2.8 Mb)A detail enlarged by a factor of three shows the LRRR and PSEP as bright spots roughly 21 and 27 meters, respectively, south of the LM. At higher sun angles, an LRRR cover is visible about 3.5 meters east of the LRRR location. The raw LROC file is M102000149R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.47N/24.21E.Deconvolved, 0.50 m/pixel (4.7 Mb TIF) and 1.0 m/pixel (4.9 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.12 July 2009 Next Orbit 05:06:36 UTC; Solar El/Az 8.2/270.2; LRO Altitude 113 km. (0.6 Mb)The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.53N/22.22E. The longitude difference produced noticable east-west foreshortening. In a 3x-enlarged detail, neither the LRRR, LRRR cover, nor the PSEP are immediately obvious. Labeled versions and a link to the raw file (nacr00000ada) are available at the LROC website. The raw LROC file is M102014464R.Deconvolved, 0.50 m/pixel (4.8 Mb TIF) and 1.0 m/pixel (5.3 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.08 August 2009 9:15:31 UTC; Solar El/Az 36.1/269.0; LRO altitude 115 km. (0.8 Mb)This is our first look at Neil's path to Little West Crater, starting from close to LRRR where he retrieved the ALSCC (Close-up Camera) from a rock where he had set it down. A 3x-enlarged detail shows the LM, LRRR, PSEP. Labeled versions and a link to the raw file (M104362199R) are available at the LROC website. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.83N/23.93E.On 14 January 2009, five months before LRO was launched, Journal Contributor Scott Cruickshank made use of AS11-40-5961, the last of Neil's photos taken from the rim of Little West Crater, and AS11-40-5962, which he took on the way back to the LM, to correct errors in existing maps of the routes Neil took to and from Little West. Cruickshank's result is very similar to the routes revealed by LROC images.Deconvolved, 0.50 m/pixel (4.0 Mb TIF) and 1.0 m/pixel (4.0 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.04 September 2009 16:18:27 UTC; Solar El/Az 62.7/266.3; LRO altitude 122.49 km. (0.5 Mb)Higher solar elevation than the 08 August image. Good track definition to Little West. Just a hint of the LRRR and PSEP visible in the 0.5 m/pixel deconvolved version. The raw file is M106719774L. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.95N/24.33E.Deconvolved, 0.50 m/pixel (4.2 Mb TIF) and 1.0 m/pixel (3.5 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.01 October 2009 23:50:40 UTC; Solar El/Az 87.8/195.3; LRO altitude 50 km. (1.8 Mb)A 3x-enlarged detail shows the EASEP components, with the LRRR cover quite bright with the Sun near the zenith. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.62N/23.92E. What may be a piece of mylar blown off the descent stage during ascent stage liftoff is also labelled. The LRRR cover can be seen in its final position in a detail ( 0.2 Mb ) from AS11-37-5548, one of the pictures Neil took out his window after the EVA. A labelled drawing of the PSEP includes dimenions provided by Allan Needell of the National Air and Space Museum. The solar panels face east and west and are oriented 20 degrees off vertical. Labeled versions and a link to the raw file (M109080308R) are available at the LROC website.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (4.7 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (2.3 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.29 October 2009 08:14:07 UTC; Solar El/Az 63.8/94.9; LRO altitude 49 km. (1.0 Mb)West Crater is not in the field-of-view. A 3x-enlarged detail shows the EASEP components. The location of the possible piece of mylar noted in the 01 October image is marked. The raw LROC file is M111443315R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.65N/23.42E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (3.2 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (1.3 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.25 November 2009 14:44:11 UTC; Solar El/Az 35.8/92.0; LRO altitude 47 km. (3.7 Mb)The EASEP components in a 3x-enlarged detail are not prominent. The raw LROC file is M113799518R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 1.07N/23.96E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (5.1 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (3.9 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.22 December 2009 22:43:38 UTC; Solar El/Az 8.2/90.7; LRO altitude 47 km. (4.2 Mb)With the sun low in the east, this image is particuarly useful for identifying boulders and terrain features. The raw LROC file is M116161085R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.44N/23.66E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (4.7 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (5.9 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.05 January 2010 13:46:07 UTC; Solar El/Az 6.4/269.8; LRO altitude 41 km. (7 Mb)The image is grainy. With the Sun low in the west, the LRRR and PSEP show up well in a 3x-enlarged detail. The raw LROC file is M117338434R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.25N/23.29E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (4.7 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (3.1 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.01 February 2010 - First Image - 19:52:11 UTC; Solar El/Az 34.9/270.3; LRO altitude 41 km. ( 1.4 Mb)Reasonably bright, point-like reflections off the LRRR and PSEP. The raw LROC file is M119693197L. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.03N/24.00E.Deconvolved, 1.0 m/pixel (2.7 Mb TIF) version by GoneToPlaid.01 February 2010 - Second Image - 21:45:17 UTC; Solar El/Az 34.0/270.3; LRO altitude 41 km. ( 1.3 Mb)The LRRR and PSEP are less prominent than in the image taken two hours earlier. The raw LROC file is M119699983R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.02N/22.97E.Deconvolved, 1.0 m/pixel (2.4 Mb TIF) version by GoneToPlaid.01 March 2010 03:50:15 UTC; Solar El/Az 62.3/271.3; LRO altitude 42 km. (3.9 Mb)The 3x-enlarged detail shows a good trace of Neil's traverse from the LRRR to the southwest rim of Little West Crater and back to the LM. The raw LROC file is M122054682R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.33N/23.69E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (3.7 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (4.1 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.22 May 2010 02:06:13 UTC; Solar El/Az 36.9/89.2; LRO altitude 41 km. (5.2 Mb)LRRR, LRRR cover, PSEP, and good definition of Neil's track out to Little West. The raw LROC file is M129133239R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.7N/23.61E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (4.9 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (3.1 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.18 June 2010 10:00:42 UTC; Solar El/Az 10.8/89.7 ; LRO altitude 40 km. (4.4 Mb)LRRR, LRRR cover, PSEP, and good definition of Neil's track out to Little West. In the 0.125m, deconvolved version, the east-facing solar panel is brightly illuminated while the shadow cast by the west-facing panel is also sharply defined. The raw LROC file is M131494509L. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 1.1N/23.31E.Deconvolved, 0.125 m/pixel (13.9 Mb TIF), 0.25 m/pixel (4.1 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (4,8 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.02 July 2010 02:52:17 UTC; Solar El/Az 2.0/270.0; LRO altitude 46 km. (6.2 Mb)Sunset view of the landing site with primarily crater rims and the body of the LM descent stage illuminated. A 3x detail shows the descent stage shadow overlapping Little West Crater. The raw LROC file is M132678405R. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.6N/23.38E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (2.3 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (3.9 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.29 July 2010 08:53:03 UTC First Pass; Solar El/Az 28.9/268.8; LRO altitude 46 km. (3.8 Mb)The area around the LM brightened by the descent engine is easy to identify in a wide view. The raw LROC file is M135032851L. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 1.07N/24.1E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (5.9 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (6.1 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.29 July 2010 10:46:23 UTC; One Orbit Later; Solar El/Az 27.9/268.9; LRO altitude 46 km. ( 1.4 Mb)West Crater is out of the LROC field of view. The raw LROC file is M135039651L. The landing site lat/long is 0.67N/23.47E. The LRO spacecraft was at 0.3N/23.05E.Deconvolved, 0.25 m/pixel (5.6 Mb TIF) and 0.5 m/pixel (2.0 Mb TIF) versions by GoneToPlaid.Landing Site Maps/ImagesVlad Pustynski's Photogrammetric Map showing locations from which Hasselblad images were taken during the EVA (0.2 Mb or 0.1 Mb)The photogrammetric analysis and its results, including detailed comparisons with LROC images are discussed in a dedicated page.Apollo 11 Planimetric Map (2015) (6.3 MbBrian McInall has combined LROC17512493R with triangulation data derived from the Hasselblad images to produce a map similar in scale to Vlad Pustynski's. Because Brian's triangulation method lacks the detail and precision of Vlad's photogrammetric analysis, location errors are larger, but not enough so to keep the map from capturing the essential features of the EVA. Brian's method lends itself to improved mapping of the individual geology stops made by later crews.Apollo 11 Planimetric Map, Preliminary Science Report Figure 3-15 (0.1 Mb)The text that accompanies the map indicates "Because the graphical method by which these data have been obtained is fairly crude, azimuths shown for individual frames may have errors of 3° or more. Positions of most of the camera stations are probably within a 1.5-m circle centered at the point shown. The determinations are sufficiently accurate, however, to provide a useful control net for an overall view of the astronauts' traverse and a starting point for more rigorous analytical photogrammetric measurements."Apollo 11 Traverse Map, Defense Mapping Agency (0.7 Mb )This 1978 site map is a product of a long collaboration between the Defence Mapping Agency and the US Geological Survey. It was originally drawn at a scale of 1:250. Compare with Preliminary Science Report Figure 3-15, above. The 1978 map may derive from more sophisticated photogrammetric analysis and the rough-and-ready analysis used to get a map ready for the Preliminary Science Report.Apollo 11 Traverse Map (1.32Mb)This is figure 10.12 from the Lunar Sourcebook by G.H. Heiken, D.T. Vaniman, and B.M. French, editors, copyright 1991 by Cambridge University Press, and is reproduced with permission. It is derived from the 1978 air-brush map above.Traverse Map, Figure 3-16 from the Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report (195 k)This map shows tracks of footprints that can be identified from mission photographs, film, and TV. Scan byEric Jones.Thomas Schwagmeierhas re-drafted a high-resolution ( 238 k ) version.Baseball Comparison (2.1 Mb )Thomas Schwagmeierused a detail from the 5 November 2011 LROC image taken from 25-km altitude to revise his Apollo 11 traverse diagram overlayed on a baseball diamond, based on a suggestion by Eric Jones. LROC image by NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University.Football (Soccer) Comparison ( 2.2 Mb )At the suggestion ofJoe O'Dea,Thomas Schwagmeierhas created an overlay of his Apollo 11 traverse diagram on a football (soccer) pitch.Apollo 11 Landing Site : Telescopic Images by Ulli and Christian "Pete" LotzmannApollo 11 ESA Smart-1 Image (68k)ESA caption: "This image, taken by the advanced Moon Imaging Experiment (AMIE) on board ESA’s SMART-1 spacecraft, shows the Apollo 11 landing site in the Mare Tranquillitatis on the Moon. AMIE obtained the image on 5 February 2006 from a distance of 1764 kilometers from the surface, with a ground resolution of 159 meters per pixel. The imaged area is centered at a longitude of 23.9 degrees East close to the Moon equator, at 1.7 degrees latitude. The area is close to crater Moltke (outside the field of view of this image) in the Mare Tranquillitatis. The arrow shows the landing site of Apollo 11, where the first men from Earth set foot on another object in our solar system on 20 July 1969. The two prominent craters nearby are named after two of the Apollo 11 astronauts. The first man on the Moon, Armstrong, has a crater named after him outside the field of this image. Credits: ESA/Space-X (Space Exploration Institute)"Red-Blue Anaglyph from LROC images ((0.8 MB)Anaglyph by Patrick Vantuyne.Apollo Zone of Interest (2.1Mb or 0.3Mb)The Apollo Zone of Interest spanned the Lunar Nearside between latitudes 5 S and 5 N. Eight subregions are labelled and searches for suitable landing site were made in high-resolution imagery of each area, primarily from Lunar Orbiters II and III. The eventual Apollo 11 site is in area IIP-6.Apollo Zone of Interest ( 2.1Mb or 0.4Mb)This later map shows five regions, each of which contains one of the five possible Apollo Landing Sites considered for the first landing. These sites were numbered, from east to west, ALS-1 to ALS-5. The eventual Apollo 11 landing site is ALS-2 and is within region IIP-6. Don Wilhelms's book, To a Rocky Moon, contains a wealth of information about site selection. Data from the first three Lunar Orbiter missions are discussed in pages 150-161; and selection of the Apollo 11 site is discussed in pages 188-191.Apollo Landing Site 2: Flown Apollo 10 Map ( 140k )This flown map shows the proposed landing ellipse and has three hand-drawn, rough ovals in the southwestern quadrant, possibly areas examined by the Apollo 10 crew in one or more passes over the site. Ulli Lotzmann provides a version with the actual Apollo 11 landing site marked ( 90k ).Lunar Orbiter Frame 2084 ( 1.3 Mb )Lunar Orbiter II frame 2084 from the Lunar and Planetary Institute's Lunar orbiter Photo Gallery, with an arrow added to indicate West Crater.Lunar Orbiter Frame 5076 ( 4.4 Mb )Lunar Orbiter II frame 5076 from the USGS Astrogeology Research Program's Lunar Orbiter Digitization Project. Eric Nelson has marked the location of the LM and Little West Crater.Lunar Orbiter Frame 5076 (cropped) ( 84k )Jim Scotti has provided a cropped version showing West Crater and the landing site. René and Jonathan Cantin have created a film of the Apollo 11 Final Approach ( 10 Mb, wmv ) that is a side-by-side composite of the landing film and LO 5076_h3, with a number of craters matched up in the two views.Lunar Orbiter compared to LROC ( 25 Mb WMV )GoneToPlaid has produced an animated comparison between deconvolved/enhanced versions of Lunar Orbiter image 5076_H3 and LROC image M116161085R. The two views have similar lighting.Selene/Kaguya Image of Tranquility Base ( 183k )This image was taken on 26 December 2007 with the multi-band imager on-board Japan's lunar orbiting spacecraft. North is at the top. The image was provided from the Japanese language version of the Kaguya Image Gallery by ALSJ Contributor Hiroyasu Hayashi. A labeled version shows both Cat's Paw and West Crater. Eagle landed just west of West Crater in an area which, in this Kaguya image, is relatively bright. High-resolution photographs of the Apollo 15, Apollo 16, and Apollo 17 landing sites taken with the Pan Camera flown in the Service Module's Sim Bay on each of those missions show a bright area around each of the LMs, with the lighter albedo probably due to sweeping of the surface by the descent engine. Journal Contributor Markus Mehring has produced a high-contrast version of the Kaguya image and compares it with the same area of pre-landing photo AS11-37-5447 ( 0.1 Mb ). Markus has also produced a high-contrast version of the image with the Eagle's ground track superimposed ( 0.3 Mb ), demonstrating that the light-colored area is around the LM. The ground track comes from Figure 5-8 in the Apollo 11 Mission Report ( 13 Mb PDF ). Although it is tempting to believe that the bright area seen in the Kaguya image is due to the LM exhaust, it is possible that differences in lighting conditions may be the cause. Higher-resolution imagery will be required before the question can be decided.Apollo 11 Ground Track mapped onto LROC overlay in Google Moon (5 Mb)This map shows the ground track during the last 3 minutes 30 seconds of the descent. Each point is marked with the time remaining (mm:ss) until the landing. Many are labeled to indicate transmission from the crew. Ground track by GoneToPlaid.LM Descent Monitoring Chart - Landing Site No. 2, Sheet 3A Part 1 with Named Features along the Approach Path ( 2.8 Mb)During the approach to the landing, the LM moves along the ground track from the bottom of the map to the landing ellipse at the top. The longitude range is 32.5 E to 24.5 E. The original map scale is 1:630,000. The named feature at the upper left is probably "Chuck Hole". The feature to the right of the ground track just below "8+00" is "Last Ridge". The feature above and to the left of "Cape Bruce" near the bottom of the scan is "Ruin Basin". Scan courtesy of Stephen Tellier, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.LM Descent Monitoring Chart - Landing Site No. 2, Sheet 3A Part 2 with Named Features along the Ascent Path ( 3.2 Mb )The landing ellipse is off the bottom of the map and, during the return to orbit, the LM moves along the ground track from the bottom of the map toward the top. The longitude range is 23.0 E to 14.0 E. The original map scale is 1:630,000. Scan courtesy of Stephen Tellier, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.LM Descent Monitoring Chart - Landing Site No. 2, Sheet 2 Part 1 with Named Features along the Approach Path (3.0 Mb )The longitude range is 53.8 E to 45.3 E The original map scale is 1:630,000. Scan courtesy of Stephen Tellier, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.LM Descent Monitoring Chart - Landing Site No. 2, Sheet 2 Part 2 with Named Features along the Approach Path (3.0 Mb )The longitude range is 45.7 E to 36.5 E The original map scale is 1:630,000. Scan courtesy of Stephen Tellier, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.LM Descent Monitoring Chart - Landing Site No. 2, Sheet 2 Part 3 with Named Features along the Approach Path (2.9 Mb )The longitude range is 37.5 E to 28.5 E The original map scale is 1:630,000. Scan courtesy of Stephen Tellier, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.Descent Flight Path ( 0.6 Mb or 32 Mb )Thomas Schwagmeier has assembled the Descent Monitoring chart and has used it as a template for lunar maps from the Lunar and Planetary Institute website.Flown CMP Map LAM-2 (2.7 Mb or 0.3 Mb )Mike Collins used this map to mark the estimated LM locations given to him by Houston. Compare with the sextant locations plotted in Figure 5-14 (below) from the Mission Report. The grid spacing is 1 km and the actual landing site is near J.65 and 7.52. Scan courtesy Bob Craddock and Allan Needell, National Air and Space Museum.The landing ellipse is centered at map coordinates L.0/14.0 and extends north and south 2.4 km from that point and 9.4 km east and west. Mike Collins marked a number of locations with combinations of lines, arrows, circles, and one ellipse using either pencil or a felt-tipped pen. Most of these are associated with estimated LM locations that were given to him at various times during his solo operations in lunar orbit.Beginning at the upper left, there is a penciled ellipse labeled 'Auto Optics' and including craters at N.7/7.2 and M.0/6.7 that Mike mentions at 106:43:08. Owen Garriott gave Mike settings for Auto Optics operation of the sextant at 105:19:59; and, at 106:11:49, about 35 minutes before Mike's next pass over the landing site, Bruce McCandless told him "We'd like you to let the Auto optics take care of the tracking and devote your energies to trying to pick out the LM (visually) on the lunar surface."The 'Auto Optics' ellipse also contains a small circle at L.7/6.6 and attached arrow from the southwest drawn with a felt-tipped pen. I have not been able to associate this circle with anything in the transcript or in Figure 5-14 (below) from the Apollo 11 Mission Report.Immediately to the right of the upper end of the 'Auto Optics' ellipse, Mike has drawn circle, probably around the 'tiny crater' at M.7/8.0 that he mentions at 104:42:48.Below the 'Auto Optics' ellipse, a penciled arrow leads to a circle drawn at K.8/6.3. At 112:22:20, Mike requested an estimated LM position for his pass over the landing site at 112:31:52. Bruce McCandless gave him K.9/6.3 and, as can be seen in Figure 5-14 (below), the actual landing site is just outside the sextant field-of-view for this location.Below and to the right, an arrow drawn with a felt-tipped pen and labeled 'Last Bst Pos Prior L/O' leads to a dark spot at J.5/7.7, which is the estimated location Ron Evans gave Mike at 123:55:23, about a half hour before LM lift off. This location is only about 230 meters from the actual landing site at J.65/7.52. Farther down the map, Mike circled craters at E.3/7.6 and E.8/7.7 and to the left of the E.3/7.6 crater wrote 'SW Rim'. These two craters are in the area he examined during the pass over the landing site at 110:33:40 using the sextant in automatic mode and a set of coordinates Bruce McCandless gave him at 110:18:39. Mike reported the negative results at 110:36:58 but mentioned a "suspiciously-small, white object" on the southwest rim of the E.3/7.6 crater.Finally, there is a small, blue dot at about K.2/5.6, which may not have been purposefully drawn.Map LAM-2G ( 356k )Apollo 11 Landing Site: Mission Report Figure 5-8 ( 347kThis labeled version of 1:5000 LM Lunar Surface Map LSE 2-48 shows the ground track and the landing site about 60 meters west of Little West Crater. The grid squares are 50 meters on a side.Map LSE 2-48 ( 2.7 Mb or 371k )Compare with Mission Report Figure 5-8 (above) for the Eagle ground track and the location of the landing site. In a detail ( 750 ), I have marked what is probably a boulder just east of West Crater. The grid squares on this 1:5000 map are 50 meters on a side and the north-south size of the boulder is about 1-2 meters and close to the resolution limit.Sextant Locations (1.6 Mb or 0.4 Mb )This is figure 5-14 from the Apollo 11 Mission Report and shows the various estimates of the landing location given to MIke Collins while Armstrong and Aldrin were on the surface. Each of the small squares is 1 kilometer on a side and the circles, which represent the approximate sextant field-of-view, are each about 3.2 km (2 miles) in diameter.Landing Site Detail ( 151k )A comparison of details from Figure 5-8 from the Apollo 11 Mission Report (top) and from the flown copy of LAM-2 (bottom). The latter includes the horizontal 'J' and 'K' lines and the vertical '7' and '8' lines. The resulting box is one kilometer on a side. The actual landing site is near J.65/7.52, sixty meters west of Little West Crater, and the last estimated position given to Mike about half an hour prior to LM lift-off is marked with a felt-tipped pen at J.5/7.7.Post-Flight Map with Named Features ( 312k )Phil Stooke, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario discovered this "untitled, post-flight, Manned Spacecraft Center graphic in the library of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.AS11-37-5437 Map ( 0.3 Mb )This richly-labeled map of the approach to Tranquility Base was created byMarkus Mehring. See, also, figure 1-20a ( 0.8 Mb or 0.1 Mb ) from the Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report. Compare with a Starry Night view ( 0.2Mb ) of the area at the same time 5437 was taken.AS11-37-5447 Map ( 0.3 Mb )This labeled, overhead map of the area around Tranquility Base was created byMarkus Mehring. See, also, figure 1-20b ( 0.9Mb ) from the Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report. Cat's Paw is above and slightly to the right of the landing site in this view.Mehring notes that rim segments in the Cat's Paw cluster of craters are visible from the surface at the LM, as can be seen in a comparison of a detail from 5447 with portions of frames 5882 and 5882a from Buzz's plus-Z pan.AS11-37-5447 Map with Landing Ellipse and Immediate Landing Area Marked ( 0.2 Mb )This labeled map was created byDavid Harland. A detail from 5447 has been rotated counter clockwise so that east to the right. Flown CMP Map LAM-2 has been used to transfer the ellipse onto 5447; and, finally, a box showing the area covered by Mission Report Figure 5-8.S69-3716 / Mission Figure 5-8, Final Approach ( 0.3 Mb )This is figure 5-8 from the Apollo 11 Mission Report and is a composite Lunar Orbiter image covering the final kilometer of the descent path and the immediate landing area.Photo Map, Figure 3-15 from the Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report (HTML Link )This HTML-encoded diagram shows the locations from which Neil and Buzz took pictures during the EVA. the original map was drawn by R.M. Batson and K.B. Larson and was dated 11 August 1969. HTML coding byHarald Kucharek.Thomas Schwagmeierhas re-drafted a high-resolution, non-HTML version ( 196 k ).USGS Post-Flight Geology Map Composite ( 590k )The composite was constructed from high-resolution scans of the map ( 2347k ), the text at the lower left ( 177k ), the central text and scale ( 271k ), the text at the lower right ( 999k ), and the legend ( 999k ). Scans byFrank O'Brien.Assembled Panoramas086:18:56 Animated Earthrise Sequence ( 1.2 Mb )This Earthrise sequence was taken on Rev 6 at about 086:28:15 or 04:00:15 UTC on 20 July 1969. Australia is near the western limb, as can also be seen in a Celestia image generated for that time with an observer 2000 km from the center of the Moon at lat / long 0.0 / 80 E. Animated gif byPaul White.104:02:26 Post-landing Color Combined Window Pan ( 279k )These frames were taken out the windows about an hour and half after the landing, and form a contingency panorama in order to briefly document the site, so that the crew wouldn't have left with empty hands in case of a No-Stay decision. Assembled byKarl Dodenhoffbefore high-resolution scans from the original film became available.Frames AS11-37-5449 to 5453 form a CDR (left) window pan ( 151k ); and frames AS11-37-5454 to 5458 form an LMP (right) window pan ( 123k ).104:02:26 Post-landing Color Combined Window Pan - High Resolution ( 4.9Mb or 1.2Mb )This assembly uses high-resolution scans (OF300) from the original film. The frames are those used in the individual left- and right-window pans that follow, except that "AS11-37-5451 was removed from the final mix to improve rendering around the area of the top of the LM shadow." . Assembled bySyd Buxton.104:02:26 Post-landing Color CDR (left) Window Pan - High Resolution ( 4.8Mb or 0.8Mb )This assembly uses high-reolution scans (OF300) from the original film. The frames are AS11-37-5449 to 5453, plus 37-5459, 40-5847 and 40-5848. "Post-EVA frames 37-5497 and 37-5500 were used to help with alignment and to fill in some small gaps." Assembled bySyd Buxton.104:02:26 Post-landing Color LMP (right) Window Pan - High Resolution ( 4.8Mb or 0.4Mb )This assembly uses high-reolution scans (OF300) from the original film. The frames are AS11-37-5454 to 5458, plus 40-5849. Assembled bySyd Buxton.Pre-EVA Double Crater Pan ( 548k )David Harlandas used high-resolution scans of AS11-40-5847 and 5848 by Kipp Teague to create a mini-pan showing the double crater below Neil's window.109:32:26 Pan 1 (0.9 Mb or 0.2 Mb )Neil took this pan near the bottom of the ladder while he was waiting for Buzz to start out thru the hatch. The frames are AS11-40-5850 to 5858. Pan assembly byDave Byrne. Thumbnails by Joe O'Dea.Full-resolution assembly with derived anaglyphs ( 5.3 Mb ) byEric Jones.David Harlandhas used 5852 to 5854 to create a mini-pan of the double crater ( 2.0Mb ) below Neil's window; and frames 5855 to 5857 to create a mini-pan ( 1.7Mb ) showing the view to the northwest.109:32:26 Ladder Mini-Pan ( 42k )After finishing his initial pan, Neil moved 3.9 meters north of the ladder and took three frames toward the south. The frames are AS11-40-5859 to 5861. The locations are indicated in a detail from Vlad Pustynski's photogrammetric map of the site. The three AS11-40 photo numbers are underlined in red and a red highlight has been added to each of the direction arrows. Pan assembly byDave Byrne.High-resolution version ( 3.7 Mb ) and one with anaglyphs in context ( 1.6 Mb ) byEric Jones.109:39:43 Buzz on the Porch ( 206k )Neil took a series of pictures of Buzz's egress and descent to the surface. He also took two frames, AS11-40-5864 and 65 of the area under the descent stage.Dave Byrnehas used 5863, 64, and 65 to create this view of Buzz on the porch. Thumbnails by Joe O'Dea.109:39:43 Buzz on the Footpad ( 1.8 Mb or 198k )Jon Hancockhas used 5864, 65, and 5869 to create this view of Buzz on the footpad. Jon writes, "I think Neil changed position between 5864/65 and 5869, so the perspective changed slightly; but, by rotating 5969 to correct the horizon and enlarging it a few percent to get the scale to match the other two, they fit together quite well (at least I think so!)".Dave Byrnehas created an alternate version ( 469k ) and, with the addition of 5863, a view with Buzz both on the porch and on the footpad ( 559k ). A third version ( 2.1Mb ) has been provided byDavid Harland.110:31:47 Pan 2 ( 1.4Mb or 0.3Mb)Buzz took this pan from due west of the ladder, on the rim of Double Crater. It includes AS11-40- 5881 to 5891. Frame 5886 is the only good Hasselblad image of Neil taken during the EVA. Assemblies byDave Byrne. Thumbnails by Joe O'Dea.High-resolution pan plus anaglyphs in context ( 8.5 Mb byEric Jones. Other assemblies byMauro Freschi( 0.3Mb );David Harland; and a second portion also fromDavid Harland( 3.0Mb ).110:42:14 Buzz and the Bulk Sample Area ( 1.1 Mb )Neil took AS11-40- 5901 to show the bulk sample area and then raised his aim to get Buzz in 5902. Assembly byJon Hancock.110:43:33 Pan 3 ( 1.6 Mb or 0.4 Mb )Buzz took this pan from the rim of a shallow crater north of the LM. The frames are AS11-40- 5905 to 5916. Assembly byDave Byrne. Thumbnails by Joe O'Dea.Partial version with Neil included on the left (3 Mb). Assembly byJon Hancock.High resolution version with anaglyphs in context ( 10 Mb ) byYuri Krasilnikov and Eric JonesLM portraits byDavid Harland( 3.4Mb ) andErik van Meijgaardenhas created an alternate LM portrait ( 7.5Mb ).110:53:38 Buzz Removing Passive Seismometer ( 1.2 Mb )The frames are AS11-40-5928 and 5929. Assembly byErik van Meijgaarden. Thumbnails by Joe O'Dea.David Harlandhas created an alternate version that includes 5927 ( 2.0Mb ).110:53:38 Buzz Removing Passive Seismometer - Animated Gif ( 0.6 Mb )The frames are AS11-40-5927, 28, and 29. See, also, a two-frame version ( 0.3 Mb ) made from 5927 and 28. Assemblies byYuri Krasilnikov.110:55:49 Pan 4 ( 9 Mb or 0.9 Mb )Neil took this pan from a spot southeast of the LM while Buzz's was removing equipment from the SEQ Bay. The frames are AS11-40- 5930 to 5941. Assembly byYuri Krasilnikov. Thumbnails by Joe O'Dea.Anaglyphs with context (12 Mb) byYuri Krasilnikov and Eric Jones. Other assemblies byHans Nybergin VR wraparound format;Erik van Meijgaarden( 8.2 Mb ); andDavid Harland( 3.4Mb ).111:12:31 Pan 5 (0.6 Mb or 0.2 Mb)Neil took this sequence of photos on the southwest rim of Little West Crater, which is 60 meters east of the LM. He overflew this 30-m crater during the final approach and, near the end of the EVA ran out to it to take these pictures. The frames are AS11-40-5954 to 5961. Assembly byEric Jones. Thumbnails by Joe O'Dea.Anaglyphs with context ( 8 Mb ) byEric Jones. Additional assembly byErik van Meijgaardenversion (8.5Mb or 361k)112:20:56 Post EVA Window Pan (300k)Neil and Buzz used up the remaining film on magazines 37/R, taking AS11-37-5460 to 5555, and 39/Q, taking AS11-39-5792 to 5839.Bob Farwellhas selected frames from Magazine 37/R to create a pan covering both windows.A second version is presented on a white background.Note that Farwell's construction involves a certain amount of artistic license because neither Neil or Buzz actually had an unrestricted view from side to side, as shown by pans assembled from Magazine 39/Q images for the CDR window and the LMP window.Next, Farwell added a frame from the 16-mm DAC mounted in Buzz's window, showing Neil and Buzz erecting the flag.An additional version, the 16-mm DAC frame is partially transparent, showing the residual differences caused by the fact that the DAC is mounted over the window and is aimed at a steeper angle than that of the Hasselblad.Finally, Farwell has modified Figure 10.12 from the Lunar Sourcebook to provided a rough comparison with the assembled pan. Farwell has provided a fuller discussion of the assembled pan and related items.112:20:56 Post-EVA Right Window Pan ( 159k )These are frames AS11-37-5510 to 5517, taken out Buzz's window. Assembled byKarl Dodenhoff.A high-resolution version ( 3.5 Mb ) has been done byEric Jones. The fresh, sharp-rimmed crater beyond and just to the right of the TV camera has been identified in the 8 August 2009 LRO image ( 0.2 Mb of the landing site and is also visible in an anaglyph ( 280k ) made by Yuri Krasilnikov from frames AS11-40-5855 and 56 from Pan 1. The TV camera is about 20 m from Buzz, while the fresh crater is about 70 m away. See, also, a labeled version of the pan and a similarly labelled, animated gif made from the three 2009 LROC images, both by Vlad Pustynski. The LROC have been stretched to correct for E-W foreshortening.112:20:56 Post-EVA Right Window Pan - Flag and Thrusters ( 2.7Mb )These are frames AS11-37-5468, 69, and 80 taken out Buzz's window. Assembled byDavid Harland.112:20:56 DAC Window Pan 1 ( 0.3 Mb )Buzz did some quick pans out his window, using the DAC, possibly at this time. Assembly byIan Regan.112:20:56 DAC Window Pan 1 ( 0.3 Mb )Buzz did some quick pans out his window, using the DAC, possibly at this time. Assembly byIan Regan.112:20:56 Post-EVA Left Window Pan ( 3.8Mb )The frames are AS11-37-5496 to 5505. Assembled byEric Jones.Pre-Flight Suit ImagesS69-38930 ( 885k )This pre-flight photo shows Buzz's suit in its lunar surface configuration. Note that the sewn-on cuff checklist can be seen on the wrist cover of Buzz's left glove, the one closest to the right suit leg. Note, also, that Buzz is not going to wear a strap-on pocket. See, also, AS11-40-5903. Ken Glover believes that the grey square at the upper right, just below the bubble helmet, is a photographer's grey card; it is certainly not an EMU component. The pattern of Velcro strips and snaps surrounding the connector cluster provided for installation of what seems to have been called an "umbilical cover". There is considerable evidence that the Apollo 11-14 LM crew members' suits all had a similar pattern of Velcro and snaps but, as of June 2007, we have been unable to locate any indication - in photos, checklists, and EMU handbooks - of an umbilical cover having been flown. Karl Dodenhoff has provided a photograph, but doesn't remember where he found it.Scan byEric Jones.S69-38937 (0.2 Mb or 4.5 Mb )This pre-flight photo shows Buzz's left glove, including the sewn-on checklist. Scan courtesyJ.L. Pickering.S69-38937 detail (0.2 Mb )In the text reproduced below, Neil's items are in parentheses.LMP(CDR)Environ Fam (TV Deploy)Deploy SWCEVA & Envir Eval - (Bulk S)Lean/Reach/WalkBest Pace/Start/StopFast Pace/Traction/DustPene-Photo FootprintScuff/Cohesion/AdhesionGen EVA EvalLight-Up/Down/Cross SunColor/Contrast/TextureReflect/Rocks/CratersGen Eval/PhenomenaPanoramaLM Inspect - Quad IPhoto Blk Sam AreaUnstow ALSCCPanoramaOff-Load EASEP/Deploy PSEClose-up PhotosDocumented Sample Col:SRC to StrutUnstow SRCCore Tube (Hook Bag)Unstow Scoop & TongsDescribe & Col Sam -Feature/AssocAge/AmountClose-up Photos/CasetteCollect Envir/Gas SamBulk Sam/Core/TubeClean EMU/Ingress (Photo)S69-38892 (768k )This pre-flight photo shows Neil's suit in its command module configuration, which includes the black IVA (Intra-vehicular) gloves at the right. Scan byEric Jones.S69-38943 (918k )This pre-flight photo shows Neil's IVA (Intra-vehicular) gloves. Scan byEric Jones.S69-38889 (168k or 812k )This pre-flight photo shows Neil's suit in its lunar surface configuration, which includes the Liquid Cooled Garment at the left and the EVA (Extra-vehicular) gloves and moon boots at the right. Mike Gentry at NASA Johnson gives a date for the photo of 9 July 1969, but this may represent the date when the photo was released to the public and that the date it was taken was earlier. Research byFrederic Artner.The suit is shown with a strap-on pocket attached to the left thigh, as was the case during the EVA. In a detail from S69-38889 ( 166k ), we see some horizontal strips of Velcro hooks on the outside of the top flap which, on later missions, mated with horizontal strips of Velcro pile on the suit to hold the flap open. In the detail, we see that a loop of Velcro has been added been attached to the flap and a corresponding strip of Velcro has been attached over the front of the left hip. Further details of a typical strap-on pocket can be found in an Apollo 16 discussion. The suit shown in that discussion is Charlie Duke's training suit, which had horizontal strips of Velcro pile just above the knee, because Charlie wore his strap-on pockets on his shins.Ulli Lotzmann notes that the card placed between the boots that reads "PGA 076" is wrong. The actual serial number of Neil's PGA is 056. The mistake is undoubtedly due to the fact that the serial number of Neil's suit 'liner assembly' is 076. The person who created the card probably saw the serial number of the liner and thought that was the number for the entire PGA as well. Bill Ayrey (ILC) has provided "the fit-check record from the day that Neil was initially fitted into his 056 suit. It was on December 5, 1968 at 5 PM (which was on a Thursday). Mel Case was the ILC engineer performing the fit check. Neil came back to ILC on Saturday, May 3, 1969 for his final fit-check in the 056 suit."Journal Contributor Roland Suhr notes that there isn't a mission patch on the suit. Photos S69-38489 to 38517, taken during an EMU Crew and Cabin Fit-and-Function (CCFF) session on 25 June 1969, also show the flight suits without mission patches. Clearly, the patches were put on the suits no earlier than 25 June. On 27 January 2014, ILC Historian Bill Ayrey wrote: "ILC was responsible for preparing the suits which included sewing the patches on. NASA was responsible for providing the patches which as I recall, they bought from a company named Lion Brothers. (Bill is correct. See Gene Dorr's patch webpage.) Ron Woods was one of our ILC suit technicians at the time and actually suited Buzz up for his Apollo 11 mission. " On 28 January 2014, Ron Woods told Ayrey "We were very late on sewing on the Beta (cloth) Flight Patches. Maybe two weeks prior to launch. And, of course, they were top stitched with the sewing machine and then carefully hand sewn through the top layer of the TMG (Thermal-Micrometeoroid Garment)."S69-CDR Gloves (27k )This pre-flight photo shows Neil's EVA (extra-vehicular) gloves. The sewn-on cuff checklist is clearly visible on the wrist cover on the left (upper) glove. Note that there is also a sewn-on decal in the inside of the wrist cover on the right (lower) glove.S69-38898 (0.4 Mb or 4.4 Mb )This pre-flight photo shows Neil's left glove, including the sewn-on checklist. Scan byEric Jones.S69-38898 detail (0.2 Mb )This pre-flight photo detail shows Neil's sewn-on cuff checklist. In the text reproduced below, Buzz's items are in parentheses.CDR(LMP)Transfer CamPrel Cks:LM Status/Photo 3 GearTerrainLighting/Photo Sam AreasPhoto EgressTV-Change Lens (Fam)(SWC)Photo SWC-Cam on MesaBulk Samp (EVA & Envir)Unstow Bag/Scoop/HammerUnpack SRC/Col SampSeal SRC (Unstow ALSCC)Hook Up LECLM Inspect-Close Up PhotosRecv Still Camera-PhotoQuad II/-Y GearEASEP Off-load/PanoramaEASEP Deploy & PhotoDocumented Sample Col:Stereo Core TubeTether Bag/Unstow GnomonPhoto & Bag SamplesHold Envir/GSA Samp ContRetrv SWC-Soil MechPack/Close SRC (Ingress)Photo LMP/Cam Mag to LECTransfer Bulk SRCTransfer D.S. SRCS69-CDR Gloves (25k )This pre-flight photo shows Neil's IV (Intravehicular) gloves, which were worn for suited operations in the spacecraft and lacked the various thermal layers present on the EVA gloves. Lacking the thermal layers, the IV gloves were far more flexible than the EVA gloves.Pre-flight X-ray of Neil's Boots ( 235k )This x-ray was taken on July 7, 1969 by Jack R Weakland who worked in the NASA x-ray lab from 1968 to 1979 and told Ulli Lotzmann in 2002 that " he x-rayed everything from pipe welds to the astronaut moon boots, PGA suits etc. One purpose of this x-ray was to determine and verify that there were no sharp, foreign objects imbedded in the cloth - that is, needle points, pins etc. - that could puncture the pressure suit." Scan byUlrich Lotzmann.Crew and Equipment Pre-FlightS64-23846 ( 910k )This group portrait was taken at Philmont Scout Ranch in northeastern New Mexico during a 3-6 June 1964 geology field trip. From left to right, they are: Pete Conrad, Buzz Aldrin, Dick Gordon, Ted Freeman, Charlie Bassett, Walt Cunningham, Neil Armstrong, Donn Eisele, Rusty Schweikhart (behind Eisele), Jim Lovell, Mike Collins (partly hidden behind Lovell), Elliot See, Gene Cernan (behind See), Ed White, Roger Chaffee, Gordon Cooper, C.C. Williams (behind Cooper), Bill Anders, Dave Scott, Al Bean.Journal Contributor Jim Scotti writes "It's a bit sad looking at this image to note that six of the twenty gentlemen in it didn't even live to see the first moon landing; and six of the twenty left footprints on the Moon. They had an equal chance of dying before the first landing or walking on the Moon. Amazingly, we've only lost two of the fourteen who survived until July 1969; and I hope at least a few of them are still around when the next footprints are left on the Moon."Journal Contributor Brian Lawrence adds "One thing I find interesting with photos such as this is who is missing from the photo. Twenty out of the thirty astronauts who had been selected by June 3, 1964 took part in the Philmont Ranch trip. Those missing were, from the first (Mercury) group were Glenn ('retired' a few months earlier), Carpenter (recently returned to the USN), Shepard & Slayton (both grounded), and Grissom & Schirra (assigned to Gemini 3). Also missing, from the second group, were Young and Stafford (also assigned to GT-3) plus McDivitt and Borman (commander and backup commander of GT-4)." Scan byColin Burgess.S64-23847 (688k )Additional group portrait taken at Philmont Scout Ranch. Collins is not hidden by Lovell. In the caption for this picture in his excellent book To a Rocky Moon, Don Wilhelms writes "As they posed, they realized their resemblance to a glee club and spontaneously hummed a note to establish pitch." Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S64-31453 (163k or 749k )1964 portrait of Neil Armstrong. Scan byKipp Teague.S67-33609 (196k )Ken Mattingly (left) and Neil Armstrong (right) during a geology field trip in Iceland in 1967. Scanned by Ken Glover from Gene Simmon's 'On the Moon with Apollo 16 - A Guidebook to the Descartes Region'.S68-40109 (130k or 671k )Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. paddles to the shore of Lake Texoma during training at the U.S. Air Force Air Defense Command Life Support School, Perrin Air Force Base, Sherman, Texas. He sits in a one-man life raft. He was dropped into water after making parasail ascent some 400 feet above the lake. Purpose of the training is to prepare pilots for possible ejection from aircraft during flight. 6-7 May 1968. Scan and caption courtesyNASA Johnson.S68-40394 (102k or 725k )Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. is strapped into parachute harness during training at the U.S. Air Force Air Defense Command Life Support School, Perrin Air Force Base, Sherman, Texas. Purpose of the training is to prepare pilots for possible ejection from aircraft during flight. 6-7 May 1968. Scan and caption courtesyNASA Johnson.S68-40395 (113k or 785k )Similar to S68-40394. 6-7 May 1968. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S68-43475 (125k or 598k )Neil Armstrong during parachute training at Perrin AFB in Sherman, Texas. 27 May 1968. Research byJ.L. Pickering.69-H-152 (91k )Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Television Camera held by Stan Lebar, leader of the Westinghouse team that developed the camera. Scan byFrederic Artner.Westinghouse B&W TV Camera -Top Surface ( 99k )In addition to a framing rate switch, the top of this camera has marks to indicate the field-of-view when either the "35 degree Lunar Day lens" or the "80 degree Wide Angle lens" was in use. On the left, a two-position allows a choice of framing rate of either 10 frames per second or 0.625 fps. The latter was never used on the Moon. In January 2010, Mike Dinn initiated what became an extended exchange of e-mail about the 0.625 fpd mode. The discussion ultimately included Dinn, Dick Holl (Bendix/OTC), Colin Mackellar (editor of the HSK website), Dick Nafzger (GSFC), John Sarkissian (Parkes), John Saxon (HSK), Dwight Steven-Boniecki (author of Live TV from the Moon, and Bill Wood (GDS). Early in the exchange, Wood remember that, while he was doing a final edit of the restored telecast combined with the Flight Director's loop, "I noted Network telling Flight ... that they were ready to handle the super-slow scan rate during the start of Neil’s TV Panorama. To me that indicates they planned to support that mode if needed." Nafzger added, "we had the capability to handle the .625 mode and it was intended to look at rocks, etc. as a basic still shot…..we did test it and it was fine, but once they started using the 10fps and the worldwide excitement built, Stan (Lebar) said they didn’t want to take any chances switching modes!!! They were afraid that they couldn’t get back to live tv!!" Holl said, " I remember testing (the 0.625 fps mode) in our downstairs lab (at Australia's Overseas Telecommunication Commission facility at Paddington in Sydney)) and it worked fine." Photo taken at the National Air and Space Museum in August 2004 byUlrich Lotzmann.Stan Lebar with the five production units that could have gone to the Moon (No photo ID) (66k)[Scan courtesy Colin Mackellar, who writes that one of the five is on the Moon, one is at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, and one lives at the National Electronics Museum in Linthicum Heights, Maryland.S69-16682 (102k or 457k )Buzz Aldrin (left), Neil Armstrong, and Mike Collins pose in business suits following a press conference at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston. 10 January 1969. Scan byKipp Teague.S69-18994 (151k or 1083k )Astronaut Don L. Lind does a trial deployment of the Apollo 11 Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package (EASEP) in Building 9 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. 21 January 1969. Scan byEd Hengeveld.S69-17210 (170k or 969k or 1.8 Mb )Astronaut Don L. Lind does a trial deployment of the Apollo 11 erectable S-Band antenna and Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package (EASEP) in Building 9 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Buzz watches from the left. 21 January 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-17211 (147k or 872k or 872k )Astronaut Don L. Lind does a trial deployment of the Apollo 11 erectable S-Band antenna and Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package (EASEP) in Building 9 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Buzz watches from the left. A detail shows the fleixible-cable 'crank' used to adjust aiming in azimuth or elevation and the sighting 'glass' used to check aiming. 21 January 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.EL-1996-00223 (188k or 633k )Neil Armstrong poses at the Lunar Landing Research Facility at NASA Langley. 12 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA.S69-25908 (2 Mb )Neil and Buzz document a sample during a field trip at Sierra Blanca in west Texas. Buzz is wearing a bright-red jacket with a distinctive black steer logo on the left breast. Stephen O. Moshier and Mark Griffin call attention to S64-23846, a photo taken during a 3-6 June field trip by 20 Apollo astronauts to Philmont Scout Ranch in northwestern New Mexico. Buzz is second from the left between Pete Conrad and Dick Gordon. Buzz and all the others were wearing jackets with the same steer logo. Moisher tells us that he used to have one of the Philmont jackets and that they were bright red. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyMike Gentry, NASA Johnson.S69-25944 (163k or 890k )Buzz Aldrin (left) and Neil Armstrong examine rock samples in west Texas near Sierra Blanca and the ruins of Fort Quitman, about 130 kilometers southeast of El Paso. Apollo 16 geology team leader Bill Muehlberger writes, "The Sierra Blanca trip was the only trip specifically on geology for the Apollo 11 crew. They went into the large arroyos to learn how to sample when a variety of rocks are spread out." 24 February 1969. Research byEd Hengeveld.S69-25196 (124k or 735k)Buzz (left) and Neil during the Sierra Blanca trip. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25197 (117k or 700k)Neil examines a rock sample during the Sierra Blanca trip. He is holding a geology hammer in his left hand and is wearing an Omega Speedmaster watch. Journal contributor Dan Buchan notes "his watch shows 1:12:33." 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25198 (105k or 617k)Neil Armstrong examines a sample during the Sierra Blanca trip. 24 February 1969. Research byEd Hengeveld.S69-25199 (176k or 804k )With Back-up Commander Jim Lovell (left) looking on and holding a Hasselblad, Back-up Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (right) examines a sample during the Sierra Blanca trip. Both have geology hammers stowed in tool belts. Haise also has what looks like a tape recorder attached to the front of his belt. The leather pouch on Lovell's left hip may also hold a tape recorder. The recorders would capture any descriptions they made of the samples which, after the end of the session, could be discussed with the trainers. 24 February 1969. Research byEd Hengeveld.S69-25200 (198k or 946k)Jim Lovell (left) and Fred Haise appear to be standing on the back gate of a 4-wheel-drive vehicle. They are probably doing an initial evaluation of the site, equivalent to the out-the-window descriptions the later crews did soon after landing on the Moon. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25201 (145k or 808k)Buzz (left) appears to be taking a handheld "before" photograph of a sample, undoubtedly one of the rocks near the head of the tongs Neil has in his right hand. Neil has a tape recorder on his belt and a large box scoop in his left hand. Note that the extension handle attached to the top of the scoop shaft is not symmetric. Note, also, that neither the scoop shaft nor the extension handle shaft have knurled sections for better gripping, as was the case of the flown items.The fact that Buzz is taking a handheld photo may be an indication that the idea of using a bracket on the RCU had not yet emerged. The camera handle appears to be attached to a lanyard, which also suggests that the RCU camera bracket is still in the future. Buzz has a hammer holder on his belt over his right hip and has a weigh bag hooked to his right, front pocket. Inside the weigh bags, we see the telltale shape of at least one closure tab on an individual sample bag. As can be seen in photo S69-25202, Buzz has a pack of individual sample bags attached to weigh bag. The pack of sample bags is badly out-of-focus but, in S69-25903, an identical pack is clearly visible attached to Jack Swigert's weigh bag. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25202 ( 156k or 759k)Buzz (left) takes a handheld documentation photo while Neil appears to be using the tongs to collect a sample. He may be leaning on the scoop for support or may intend to put the sample in it. This photo clearly shows the lanyard attached to the camera handle that Buzz has around his neck. It also shows that he has a snap hook attached to the weigh bag and hooked onto the opening of his right, front pocket. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25203 ( 229k or 1108k)Buzz may be taking a panorama. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25204 ( 199k or 991k)Neil applies his geology hammer to a sample presumably collected from the vertical face beyond him. That face contains numerous rocks embedded in soil, with clear evidence of layering. Buzz is beyond Neil, probably bent over to pick up a rock. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25334 ( 134k or 716k)Buzz (left) and Neil examine a sample during the Sierra Blanca field trip. The jackets suggest that this is a morning photo. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25460 ( 132k or 497k )Jim Lovell leans on a boulder during the Sierra Blanca field trip. Jack Schmitt is immediately behind Jim while Fred Haise is to our left. 24 February 1969. Scan byKipp Teague/Ed Hengeveld.S69-25466 (244k or 1055k )Lunch at the Sierra Blanca field trip. Lovell and Haise are in the left foreground and Armstrong and Aldrin (back to the camera) are in the background. As detailed in a labeled version, the other individuals in the group are Support Team members Bill Pogue and Jack Swigert; MSC Geology Branch Chief Ted Foss; MSC geologists Uel Clanton, John Dietrich, Bob Long, (possibly) Mike McEwen, and David McKay; Ray Zedeker of the MSC Training Office; and Bob Sutton of the USGS Astrogeology Branch. 24 February 1969. Identifications courtesy John Dietrich and Uel Clanton, December 2002. Dietrich believes the NASA photographer was Andrew 'Pat' Patnesky, confirmed by Mike Gentry of NASA JSC Media Services. Scan byKipp Teague.S69-25891 (214k or 1166k )Neil and Buzz on the Sierra Blanca geology trip with Mike McEwen, a member of the Manned Spacecraft Center's Geology Branch who participated in astronaut geology training. 24 February 1969. McEwen identification courtesy John Dietrich, August 2002. Scan byKipp Teague.S69-25894 (170k or 1104k )Apollo 11 Support Team members Bill Pogue (foreground) and Jack Swigert (hidden behind Pogue), with Bob Long of the Manned Spacecraft Center's Geology Branch (left), and Bob Sutton of the USGS Astrogeology Branch (right) during the Sierra Blanca geology trip. Identifications courtesy Jack Schmitt, John Dietrich, and Uel Clanton in 2002. 24 February 1969. Scan byKipp Teague.S69-25901 (170k or 1104k )From the left, Neil Armstrong (blue shirt), Buzz Aldrin, Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, Bill Pogue (blue flight suit), and Jack Swigert collect samples. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25902 (197k or 1088k )Fred Haise (left) and Jim Lovell, the Apollo 11 Back-up LM crew on the Sierra Blanca geology field trip. Haise has the tongs in his right hang and seems to have a tape recorder around his neck. Lovell is holding the scoop in his right hand, a small sample bag in his left, has a clear teflon weigh bag in a frame suspended from his belt on his left hip, and a geology hammer just visible on his right hip. 24 February 1969. Scan byKipp Teague/Ed Hengeveld.S69-25903 (173k or 1059k )Apollo 11 Support Team members Jack Swigert (left) and Bill Pogue (right) discuss a sample during the Sierra Blanca geology trip. Pogue has a tape recorder and Swigert has a weigh bag and a pack of individual sample bags. 24 February 1969. Scan byKipp Teague.S69-25908 (182k or 832k )Neil (left) watches Buzz take a documentary photo of a sample. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25921 (195k or 909k )Neil and Buzz at Sierra Blanca. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-25928 ( 173k or 790k)Neil and Buzz at Sierra Blanca. The jackets and Neil's gloves indicate that this is a morning photograph. 24 February 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-32263 ( 206k or 700k)Guenter Wendt works with the Apollo 11 backup crew during an altitude chamber test. 24 March 1969. Research byEd Hengeveld.S69-32261 ( 208k or 1008k)Jim Lovell,the Back-up Commander, slides into the Command Module for an altitude chamber test. 24 March 1969. Research by Ed Hengeveld. Scan courtesy NASA Johnson.69-H-661 ( 116k or 823k)Neil Armstrong suited for a training exercise at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston. Photo filed 18 April 1969. Neil and Buzz's did suited training sessions on both the 15th and 18th of April, 1969. Scan byKipp Teague.69-H-674 (127k )Buzz (left) pours a sample out of the large scoop into a sample bag Neil is holding. On the Moon it would have been difficult for Buzz to bend the suit enough to get his hands this close together and probably would have had to hold the scoop in one hand and turn the basket around a horizontal axis to make the pour. Neil and Buzz ran short of time during their EVA and did not collect any documented samples. 15 April 1969. Photo filed 18 April 1969. The training session may have actually been on 15 April 1969. Scan byJ.L. Pickering.69-H-663 ( 0.3 Mb or 1.2 Mb)EVA training photo taken 18 April 1969 shows Neil Armstrong checking his deployment of the erectable S-Band antenna while Buzz Aldrin uses the tongs to gather a sample. During the mission, communications with Houston was deemed to be good enough that erection of the S-Band antenna was skipped. Similar antenna were erected by the Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 crews to allow signal transmission from the color television camera used on those flights. Scan courtesyMargaret Persinger/KSC.69-HC-77 ( 1.0 Mb)Passive Seismometer Package. Early 1969. Scan courtesyJ.L. Pickering.69-HC-415 ( 0.1 Mb)Portrait of Neil during training on 18 April 1969. As can be seen in a detail, the magazine not securely fastened to the camera body. Ulli Lotzmann notes "The mag lock lever is already in the "open" position, but has to be turned a little bit beyond this position to free the magzine for removal. Scan courtesyJ.L. Pickering.69-H-669 ( 139k or 1242k)Neil uses the large scoop. Photo filed 18 April 1969. Scan byKipp Teague.S69-31042 ( 188k or 945k)Neil Armstrong stands in the footpad at the base of the ladder during training. It is unlikely that he is going to try to get up on the ladder. In lunar gravity, the jump was not difficult when pushing with the legs and pulling with the arms. On Earth, even with a lightweight PLSS mockup, the weight of the suit makes the jump too difficult to try. Photo dated 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31043 ( 234k or 1327k)Neil Armstrong uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor at the foot of the ladder during training. Because he is standing to the left of the ladder and has only a short length of the LEC, he may be trying to get the straps over the porch rails to get them out of the way for Buzz's exit from the cabin. See S68-31053, below. Probably 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31044 (241k or 1282k )Neil at the MESA during training. Note that Neil has a camera bracket on the front of his RCU. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31045 (238k or 1293k )Neil assembles the contingency sampler during training. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31046 (233k or 1365k )Neil uses the contingency sampler during training. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31047 ( 227k or 1349k)Neil uses the contingency sampler during training. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31048 ( 199k or 1155k)Neil collects the contingency sample during training, as he did during the mission at 109:33:30. Photo dated 18 April 1969. See the Apollo 11 Crew Training Summaries. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31049 ( 192k or 1161k)Neil prepares to remove the sample bag from the contingency sampler during training. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31050 ( 192k or 1161k)Neil with the contingency sample bag. He no longer has the other components of the sampler, which may have been taken out of the way by the person behind him. During the mission, he discarded the handle and other components. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31051 ( 230k or 1270k)Neil with the contingency sample bag. Comparing with 31050, we see that he has opened flap of the pocket on his left thigh. Note the Velcro strips which hold the flap closed. Neil will put the sample bag in the pocket. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31052 ( 187k or 1031k)Neil during training, trailing a comm cable. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31053 ( 202k or 1116k)Neil near the foot of the ladder. Note that the LEC straps are, indeed, outside the porch railing on the MESA side. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31054 (224k or 1315k )Neil with a camera mounted on his RCU bracket. note the S-Band antenna package stowed in an equipment bay to the right of the ladder. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31055 (181k or 1116k )Neil at the S-Band antenna stowage bay. The person hidden beyond Neil has his hand resting on the side of the simulator and may be discussing removal of the antenna package with Neil. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scans courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31056 (0.2 Mb or 1.2 Mb or 2.6 Mb )Neil carrying the deployable S-band antenna during training. 15 or 18 April 1969. A detail shows the antenna package. Scans courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31057 (0.2 Mb or 1.0 Mb or 2.4 Mb )Neil prepares to deploy S-band antenna, apparently ensuring that he has a rough alignment. If Neil had actually done the alignment during the EVA, the earth would have been about 60 degrees above the western horizon. That is roughly the direction, relative to the orientation of the simulator, Neil is looking. Evidently, someone identified a feature on the ceiling at about the right relative azimuth and elevation to give Neil a sense of the direction, relative to the spacecraft, and how high up he'd have to look to find Earth. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scans courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31058 (0.2 Mb or 1.2 Mb or 2.6 Mb )Neil has one of the three telescoping legs and the transmitting element extended. He appears to be locking the leg in its extended position. 15 or 18 April 1969. Scans courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31059 (0.2 Mb or 1.0 Mb or 2.4 Mb )Neil has the S-Band antenna fully deployed and is reaching to the crank with which he will pointed the dish in azimuth and elevation. See also a close-up of the crank. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31060 (236k or 1278k )Neil at the MESA. Note the TV lens peeking out from the thermal blanket, pointed at the foot of the ladder. Journal Contributor John Sarkissian has located the TV lens in the same configuration in an enhanced detail from AS11-40-5866. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31061 (215k or 1138k )Neil at the MESA. He has opened the thermal blankets. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31062 (192k or 1012k )Buzz joins Neil for the training session. Note that Buzz does not have a camera bracket on his RCU. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31063 (199k or 1012k )Buzz and Neil (background) at the MESA) Note the tie-down strap hanging down from just below Buzz's RCU and the snap hook at the bottom of the strap. Note, also, the checklist fastened to Buzz's left gauntlet. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31064 (142k or 900k )Mike Collins prior to centrifuge training. 14 April 1969, Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31065 (158k or 925k )Mike Collins prior to centrifuge training. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31066 (204k or 1090k )Mike Collins prior to centrifuge training. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31067 (188k or 1039k )Mike Collins during centrifuge training. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31068 (195k or 1064k )Mike Collins during centrifuge training. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31069 (193k or 1037k )Mike Collins during centrifuge training. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31070 (195k or 1076k )Mike Collins during centrifuge training. Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31071 (199k or 1028k )Mike Collins from above during centrifuge training. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31072 (196k or 1010k )Mike Collins from above during centrifuge training. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31073 (214k or 823k )Buzz Aldrin works at the MESA during training. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31074 (208k or 1153k )Neil (foreground) and Buzz at the MESA during training. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31075 (208k or 1162k )Neil places a rock box on the MESA table. Journal Contributor Ed Hengeveld notes that Owen Garriott is immediately beyond Neil, wearing a tie but no jacket. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31076 (204k or 1167k )Neil opens the rock box. An extension handle is sticking out below is right hand. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31077 (211k or 1266k )Neil collects a soil sample with the large, box scoop. Note the weigh bag attached to the near corner of the MESA. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31078 (227k or 1391k )Neil pours the soil sample in the weigh bag. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31079 (217k or 1265k )Neil closes the rock box, probably with the weigh bag inside, while Buzz watches. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31080 (231k or 1239k )This training photo shows Neil closing the righthand latch on rock box at the MESA table. Note the ETB on the near corner of the table and the tool handle sticking out of it. Photo dated 18 April 1969. The training session was almost certainly on 15 April 1969. Research byPaolo Dangelo. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31081 (216k or 1300k )Neil (left) and Buzz during training. Note that Buzz is wearing the RCU camera bracket and an attached camera. A person in the background seems to be checking out the high-gain antenna. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31082 (162k or 991k )Neil near the LM mockup with the Solar Wind Collector on the righthand edge of the image. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31083 (189k or 1035k )Buzz has the seismometer on the surface after removing it from the Scientific Equipment (SEQ) Bay. The Lunar Ranging Retro Reflector (LRRR or LR-Cubed) is still in the bay. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31087 (119k or 712k )Close-up side view of Neil wearing a camera on his RCU camera bracket. Good detail of his LEVA tabs. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31088 (97k or 675k )Close-up front view of Buzz during training, with the LM mock-up reflected in his face plate. Good detail of his microphones and LEVA tabs. 15 or 18 April 1969 Research byJ.L. Pickering. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31089 (88k or 664k )Close-up front view of Buzz at the ladder. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31091 (125k or 738k )Neil works with the rock box at the MESA. Deke Slayton is in the background in dark jacket, tie, and dark glasses. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31092 (125k or 738k )Neil works with the rock box at the MESA. Deke Slayton is in the background in dark jacket, tie, and dark glasses. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31093 (102k )Buzz during suited training. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan byJ.L. Pickering.S69-31098 (157k or 885k )Neil uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC) to send a mock-up of a rock box up to the cabin. The rock box he was working with previously during this training session is still on the MESA table. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31099 (166k or 944k )Neil uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC) to send a mock-up of a rock box up to the cabin. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31101 (164k or 814k )Neil uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC) to send a mock-up of a rock box up to the cabin. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31102 (157k or 899k )Neil uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC) to send a mock-up of a rock box up to the cabin. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31103 (162k or 937k )Neil uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC) to send a mock-up of a rock box up to the cabin. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31104 (162k or 937k )Neil gets a rest. Research byJ.L. Pickering. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31105 (157k or 849k )Neil works at the MESA while Buzz takes a plus-Y pan. On the Moon, this will be north of the spacecraft. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31106 (170k or 961k )Neil works at the MESA while Buzz takes a plus-Y pan. On the Moon, this will be north of the spacecraft. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31107 (166k or 927k )Neil works at the MESA while Buzz takes a plus-Y pan. On the Moon, this will be north of the spacecraft. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31108 (191k or 987k )Buzz continues a plus-Y during training. 15 or 18 April 1969 Note that the camera doesn't appear to have the trigger assembly of the silver-colored EVA camera. Compare with KSC-69PC-362. 15 or 18 April 1969 Research byJ.L. Pickering. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31109 (174k or 972k )Neil works at the MESA while Buzz takes a plus-Y pan. On the Moon, this will be north of the spacecraft. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31110 (143k or 810k )A technician works on Buzz's PLSS at left. Neil, on the right, would not be able to lean as far forward on the Moon without support. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31111 (149k or 850k )Buzz (left) and Neil during training. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31112 (132k or 752k )Buzz prepares to remove the seismometer from the Scientific Equipment (SEQ) Bay. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31113 (173k or 971k )Buzz (left) with the seismometer and Neil (right) with the LRRR. During the mission, Buzz carried both packages away from the LM while Neil followed behind taking pictures. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31114 (171k or 917k )The fully deployed seismometer is in the foreground with the LRRR beyond it near Buzz. Neil is on the right. They both appear to be resting. The SWC is near the far edge of the training area at center. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31115 (169k or 973k )Buzz is about to unstow the rockbox while Neil watches from the foreground. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31116 (165k or 897k )Buzz is about to open the rock box so he can remove the core tubes. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31117 (143k or 714k )Neil (left) watches Buzz open the rock box. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31118 (156k or 827k )Neil (left) watches Buzz remove weigh bags and other contents of the rock box so he can get at the core tubes. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31119 (150k or 813k )Neil (left) watches Buzz remove the contents of the rock box. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31120 (156k or 878k )Neil (rear) takes a documentation photo of the core tube Buzz has driven into the surface. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31121 (157k or 854k )Neil (rear) watches Buzz remove the core tube. 15 or 18 April 1969 The SWC is on the left. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31122 (151k or 796k )Neil (left) and Buzz practice collecting documented samples. Neil has a weigh bag attached at his waist and is holding an individual sample bag while Buzz prepares to use the tongs. There is a gnomon on the surface between them and the large, box scoop just beyond it. During the Apollo 11 EVA, Neil and Buzz rain out of time before they could do any documented sampling. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31123 (162k or 862k )Buzz (right) uses the tongs to collect a small rock while Neil holds open an individual sample bag. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31124 (167k or 905k )Neil holds out an individual sample bag to receive the rock Buzz has in his tongs. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31125 (166k or 885k )Buzz (right) collects a sample with the tongs. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31126 (164k or 800k )Buzz (right) prepares to drop a sample from the tongs into an individual sample bag Neil is holding open for him. On the Moon, they would not have been able to bend the suits as much as they could in terrestrial gravity. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31127 (165k or 902k )Neil (left) takes a documentation photo of the sampling area. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31128 (168k or 938k )Buzz (foreground) drops a rock sample in an individual sample bag Neil is holding open for him. Neil is wearing a weigh bag clipped at his waist and has a pack of sample bags clipped to the top of the weight bag. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31129 (172k or 980k )Buzz (foreground) drops a rock sample in an individual sample bag Neil is holding open for him. Neil is wearing a weigh bag clipped at his waist and has a pack of sample bags clipped to the top of the weight bag. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31130 (172k or 947k )Buzz (right) pours a soil sample into an individual sample bag. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31131 (155k or 852k )Neil (left) holds an individual sample bag containing a small quantity of soil. 15 or 18 April 1969 Buzz has the large, box scoop. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31132 (165k or 907k )Neil (left) drops the soil sample bag in the weigh bag. Buzz has the large, box scoop. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31133 (170k or 868k )Neil (right) and Buzz at the MESA after the documented sampling. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31134 (166k or 857k )Neil (right) and Buzz at the MESA after the documented sampling. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31135 (142k or 799k )Buzz (right) collecting a soil sample with the large, box scoop. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31136 (142k or 799k )Buzz (right) collecting a soil sample with the large, box scoop. Neil may be taking a documentation photo. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31137 (168k or 895k )Neil (right) and Buzz at the MESA. The Lunar Equipment Transfer Bag is hanging from the near corner of the MESA. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31138 (167k or 899k )Neil (left) is holding the Small Environmental Sample Container into which Buzz will put a small rock. LIke the documented sampling, this task was not done during the mission due to lack of time. 15 or 18 April 1969 A detail ( 126k ) zooms in on the container. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31139 (166k or 867k )Neil (foreground) packs the rock box. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31140 (167k or 902k )Neil packs the rock box while Buzz retrieves the Solar Wind Collector (SWC) in the background. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31141 ( 135k or 812k)Buzz photographed from behind the ladder. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31142 ( 139k or 822k)Neil uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC). Note that the MESA is covered with its thermal blankets. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31143 ( 153k or 864k)Neil uses the Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC) to transfer what is probably a camera down from the cabin. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31144 ( 159k or 849k)Neil appears to be discussing the camera transfer with someone off-camera to the right. 15 or 18 April 1969 Note that the LEC straps are now outside the porch rail on the MESA side. Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31145 ( 163k or 887k)Neil has started walking toward the camera, moving his hands along the straps while maintaining some tension. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31146 ( 139k or 800k )Neil now has the camera on his RCU bracket. Note the tech sitting in the LM hatch. He was undoubtedly in the cabin playing Buzz's role in the camera transfer. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31147 (148k or 859k )Neil walks off the training surface, still wearing the camera. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31148 (0.2 Mb or 1.0 Mb or 1.8 Mb )Neil with the package containing the deployable S-Band antenna. He would have done the deployment during the mission if the signal thru the LM antenna had been unacceptable. It was adequate, so this time-consuming task was skipped. Here's Neil may be looking at a procedures decal on the top plate. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scans courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31149 (0.2 Mb or 0.9 Mb or 1.7 Mb )Similar to 31148. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scans courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31150 (0.2 Mb or 1.0 Mb or 1.8 Mb)Neil is removing a cover plate from the top of the package. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scans courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31151 (0.2 Mb or 1.0 or 1.7 Mb )Neil has the restraining ring in his right hand and is going to discard it. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31152 (0.2 Mb or 1.0 Mb or 2.3 Mb )Neil raises the receiver/transmitter mast of the deployable S-Band antenna. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scans courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31153 (0.2 Mb or 1.0 Mb or 1.9 Mb )Neil is about the extend one of the three telescoping legs. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31154 ().2 Mb or 1.0 Mb or 1.8 Mb )Neil is raising the third leg, which is mostly hidden behind the mast. Next he will removed restraining strap and let the legs swing outwards on pivots at the bottom of the package until they are lying on the surface. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scans courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31155 (0.2 Mb or 0.8 Mb or 1.5 Mb )Neil has all three legs deployed and is lifting the main body until the legs come inward toward the locked position. Note that the entire package has a lunar weight of only 1 kg. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31156 (0.2 Mb or ).9 Mb or 1.6 Mb )Neil has raised the S-Band antenna higher, bringing the legs farther inward . 15 or 18 April 1969 Scanss courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31157 (0.2 Mb or 0.9 Mb or 1.6 Mb )Similar to 31156. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31158 (0.2 Mb or 0.9 Mb or 1.6 Mb )Neil now has the antenna raised to full height, with the legs in their final configuration. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31159 (0.2 Mb or 0.9 Mb or 1.7 Mb )Neil is removing a rib protector that bound the umbrella ribs at the bottom. See, also, a detail. Neil will let the rib protector slide down the leg on our right. In the foreground, the carry bar lies on top of the umbrella cover. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31160 (0.2 Mb or 0.9 Mb or 1.6 Mb )The rib protector can be seen wrapped around the bottom on the leg at the lower right. Neil is releasing the trigger lanyard. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31161 (0.2 Mb or 0.9 Mb or 1.6 Mb )Neil has the trigger lanyard. When used, the trigger will release the strap warpped around the middle of the umbrella, allowing it to spring open. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31162 (0.1 Mb or 0.8 Mb or 1.5 Mb )Neil has pulled the release cord. Note that Neil is holding one of the legs with his left hand, undoubtedly to keep the antenna from jumping and, possibly, tipping over, in reaction to the umbrella springing open. As Pete Conrad told the press during a post-Apollo 12 news conferenced, "I know many of you've seen it deployed in practice. It said on the instructions (that) when you deploy it, it unfolds and springs out. But it (also) said (to) hold on to the leg; and I really didn't hold on to the leg too well; and, when I deployed it, it jumped about 4 feet in the air." Ulli Lotzmann has sketched the scene ( 227k ). 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31163 (0.2 Mb or 0.8 Mb or 1.6 Mb )Neil with the S-Band antenna now open. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31164 (0.1 Mb or 0.8 Mb )Neil at the MESA with the S-Band cable. Note that his Hasselblad is mounted to an RCU mock-up. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31165 (0.1 Mb or 0.8 Mb or 1.6 Mb )Neil at the S-Band antenna. A detail shows the sighting glass and crank. A second detail shows the rib protector on the surface. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31166 (139k or 807k )Buzz during suited EVA training in MSC Building 9. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31167 (134k or 785k )Buzz during suited EVA training in MSC Building 9. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31168 (150k or 803k )Neil, wearing PLSS mockup No.26, at the MESA, with Buzz beyond him. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31169 (160k or 808k )Neil at the MESA. Buzz is hidden behind Neil, being tended by technicians. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31170 (164k or 884k )Buzz in the foreground. Note that his RCU does not have a camera bracket of front. In the background, Neil has placed the TV on it's tripod. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31171 (136k or 808k )Neil has moved the TV to the end of the cable connecting to the spacecraft and off the simulated lunar surface. In the background, Buzz is working at the MESA. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31172 (160k or 872k )Buzz is at the MESA holding the extendible staff for the Solar Wind Collector (SWC). Note that he has a tiedown strap and snjap hook hanging down from beneath his RCU. Other photos show that this was to be used to secure the Hasselblad camera with Buzz had it. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31173 (156k or 896k )Buzz with the SWC assembled. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31174 (152k or 892k )Buzz with the SWC staff pushed into the surface. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyMike Gentry, Jody Russell, and Kathy Strawn, NASA Johnson.S69-31175 (148k or 796k )On the Moon, Buzz will orient the SWC so that the collector surface faces the Sun. In this indoor setting, he's has pointing it roughly toward minus-Z. As can be seen in mission photo AS11-40-5872, the SWC that Buzz deployed on the Moon had the word 'Sun' printed on the bottom of the sunward side and 'Shade' on the back. This training unit is not marked. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31176 (160k or 812k )Neil at the MESA with the rockbox open on its 'table'. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31177 (152k or 772k )Neil collects the Bulk Sample with the large scoop. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31178 (96k or 0.6 Mb or 1.4 Mb )Motion blurred photo of Neil with the S-Band antenna. The umbrella cover is on the right with the carry bar on top. The rib protector rings the far leg. The photographer may be from Aviation Week and Space Technology. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31179 (132k or 0.7 Mb or 1.5 Mb )Neil practices alignment of the S-Band antenna. He appears to be turning the crank barrel with his right hand. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31180 (132k or 752k )Neil and Buzz seem to have swapped RCUs. Neil is on the left, facing us. Buzz is on the right wearing the RCU mockup with an attached Hasselblad. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31181 (144k or 764k )Neil (left) and Buzz at the ladder. Note that Neil isn't wearing a checklist and neither of them is wearing a watch. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31182 (144k or 780k )Buzz near the S-Band antenna. Buzz has a checklist attached to the gauntlet of his right glove. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S69-31183 (132k or 716k )Neil (right) is working at the MESA. Buzz is in the background wearing the Hasselblad. 15 or 18 April 1969 Scan courtesyNASA Johnson.S.Preliminary traverse map.

There is no danger and no threat. In fact about 500 scientists and other knowledgable people just petitioned the UN: “There is no climate emergency.” Link here: “There is no climate emergency.” That was not the first such letter to the UN. Here is another one. Open letter by 100 scientists to UN Secretary General. Ban Ki-MoonSecretary-General, United Nations New York, N.Y. Dec. 13, 2007 Dear Mr. Secretary-General, Re: UN climate conference taking the World in entirely the wrong direction. It is not possible to stop climate change, a natural phenomenon that has affected humanity through the ages. Geological, archaeological, oral and written histories all attest to the dramatic challenges posed to past societies from unanticipated changes in temperature, precipitation, winds and other climatic vari(more)