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Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency developed in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto, the name given to the unknown creator (or creators) of this virtual currency. Transactions are recorded in a blockchain, which shows the transaction history for each unit and is used to prove ownership.‘‘Cryptocurrency, in particular, Bitcoin’s price fluctuations, has certainly hit the headlines recently and as a result, there has been much discussion over whether cryptocurrency is a worthy investment strategy for 2019 with the startup cryptocurrency investment company like Cryptoaccess Investment Limited (www.cryptoaccess.store) where you get double of your invested cryptocurrency after 7 days.’’<>The speed of an accepted transaction should be competitive with credit cards (7 seconds)low bar to swapping cryptos (i.e. atomic swaps) and getting into fiat (the only place regulation needs to be involved)a gamified crypto ecosystem that encourages people to participate, thus further expanding, decentralizing an securing cryptocurrencyBuying a bitcoin is different than purchasing a stock or bond because bitcoin is not a corporation. Consequently, there are no corporate balance sheets or Form 10-Ks to review. And unlike investing in traditional currencies, bitcoin it is not issued by a central bank or backed by a government, therefore the monetary policy, inflation rates, and economic growth measurements that typically influence the value of currency do not apply to bitcoin. Contrarily, bitcoin prices are influenced by the following factors:The supply of bitcoin and market demand for itThe number of competing cryptocurrenciesThe exchanges it trades onRegulations governing its saleIts internal governance.KEY TAKEAWAYSBuying a bitcoin is different than buying a stock or bond because it’s not a corporation. Consequently, there are no corporate balance sheets or Form 10-Ks to review.Unlike investing in traditional currencies, bitcoin it is not issued by a central bank or backed by a government, therefore the monetary policy, inflation rates, and economic growth measurements that typically influence the value of currency do not apply to bitcoin.Bitcoin pricing is influenced by factors such as: the supply of bitcoin and market demand for it, the number of competing cryptocurrencies, and the exchanges it trades on.Supply and DemandCountries without fixed foreign exchange rates can partially control how much of their currency circulates by adjusting the discount rate, changing reserve requirements, or engaging in open-market operations. With these options, a central bank can potentially impact a currency’s exchange rate.The supply of bitcoin is impacted in two different ways. First, the bitcoin protocol allows new bitcoins to be created at a fixed rate. New bitcoins are introduced into the market when miners process blocks of transactions and the rate at which new coins are introduced is designed to slow over time. Case in point: growth has slowed from 9.8% (2015), to 6.9% (2016), to 4.3% (2017). This can create scenarios in which the demand for bitcoins increases at a faster rate than the supply increases, which can drive up the price.Secondly, supply may also be impacted by the number of bitcoins the system allows to exist. This number is capped at 21 million, where once this number is reached, mining activities will no longer create new bitcoins. For example. the supply of bitcoin reached 16.8 million in late January 2017, representing 80% of the supply of bitcoin that was ultimately made available. Once 21 million bitcoins are in circulation, prices depend on whether it is considered practical (readily usable in transactions), legal, and in demand, which is determined by the popularity of other cryptocurrencies.CompetitionWhile bitcoin may be the most well-known cryptocurrency, there are many others, including ethereum, litecoin, Dogecoin, and Peercoin. And new initial coin offerings (ICOs) are constantly on the horizon, due to the relatively few barriers to entry. The crowded field is good news for investors because the widespread competition keeps prices down. Fortunately for bitcoin, its high visibility gives it an edge over its competitors.Availability on Currency ExchangesJust as equity investors trade stocks over indexes like the NYSE, Nasdaq, and the FTSE, cryptocurrency investors trade cryptocurrencies over Coinbase, GDAX, and other exchanges. Similar to traditional currency exchanges, these platforms let investors trade cryptocurrency/currency pairs (e.g. BTC/USD or bitcoin/U.S. dollar).The more popular an exchange becomes, the easier it may draw in additional participants, to create a network effect. And by capitalizing on its market clout, it may set rules governing how other currencies are added. For example, the recent release of the Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (SAFT) framework seeks to define how ICOs could comply with securities regulations. Bitcoin’s presence on these exchanges implies a level of regulatory compliance, regardless of the legal gray area in which cryptocurrencies operate.Regulations and Legal MattersThe rapid rise in the popularity of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has caused regulators to debate how to classify such digital assets. While the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) classifies cryptocurrencies as securities, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) considers bitcoin to be a commodity. This confusion over which regulator will set the rules for cryptocurrencies has created uncertainty—despite the surging market capitalizations. Furthermore, the market has witnessed the rollout of many financial products that use bitcoin as an underlying asset, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs), futures, and other derivatives.This can impact prices in two ways. First, it provides bitcoin access to investors who cannot afford to purchase an actual bitcoin, thus increasing demand. Second, it can reduce price volatility by allowing institutional investors who believe bitcoin futures are overvalued or undervalued, to use their substantial resources to make bets that bitcoin’s price will move in the opposite direction.

US government has included Huawei and its subsidiaries in the “list of entities” to prohibit Huawei from obtaining components and related technologies from US companies without the approval of the US government. This action by the Trump administration is undermining the US credit system and the established global technology industry chain. The Trump Government has irritated all Chinese, and American politicians have never expected the Chinese government's counterattack to be so determined and tough.1. Two inevitable questionsFirst of all, why do computer manufacturers all over the world use Intel chips, why do mobile phone manufacturers all over the world use Qualcomm chips?This issue involves the division of labor and cooperation between the global ICT industry chains and supply chains. As computer manufacturers and smartphone manufacturers around the world know that Intel and Qualcomm's general-purpose chips can be purchased at any time, they do not have to spend a long time and huge funds to repeat the long term and frustrating doing research and assembling factories. Buyers do not have to worry that the United States will meddle the chip businesses. This is long-term cooperation formed by the trust-based global industry chain and supply chain division and cooperation.When Intel has gained an advantage in fierce competition with Qualcomm, global buyers have lost the vigilance in maintaining backups, a large number of customers were provided with unreserved supply due to the trust of Intel and Qualcomm. This mechanism enabled Intel and Qualcomm to provide a reliable source for global customers, which has also enabled Intel and Qualcomm to accumulate huge amounts of capital, and it has also saved a large amount of money for their customers in researching their own chips.Secondly, why are Qualcomm and Intel so strong? I think it is not how good Intel and Qualcomm are, but the fact that the whole smartphone and computer industry is centered on chip manufacturers. The labor is highly cooperative and independent in the industry, and the industry pushed the two chip manufacturers for over half a century. This is Moore’s Law, a simple and common explanation to Moore’s law is that the performance of integrated circuit doubles every 18 – 24 months.As the semiconductor scientist has said “Moore's Law is really a thing about human activity, it's about vision, it's about what you're allowed to believe. Because people are really limited by their beliefs, they limit themselves by what they allow themselves to believe about what is possible.”Moore’s law is more than just a miracle, it is also a product of cooperation inside the industry around the world. It has shown significant potential in technology, and the trust given by the chain of labor into Intel and Qualcomm. Otherwise, no enterprises at all would risk all their businesses with two American companies to achieve such a miracle.2. The "ban" against Huawei is breaking the US science and technology environment, Intel was not the only US CPU manufacturer. After achieved technology leadership, it showed full openness, which won the trust of customers and suppliers, its customers supported Intel with unreserved order forms. The upstream and downstream manufacturers have no reservation. The cooperation and integration have created the miracle of the American chip monarch.After the previous ZTE incident and the current Huawei incident, companies around the world (not just China) suddenly discovered that the Trump government is destroying the US technology credit system and the US technology supply chain ecosystem that has been in existence for nearly half a century. The fact has told the world that it is not money that buys technology, especially chips. In the future, even if civilian chips are selling if you want to buy them. In that future of no credibility in sustain supply of chips, no one would risk their businesses.The US ban on China's Huawei will cause global supply chain stakeholders to distrust to US-centric technology products, and catastrophically affect the chip and smart product industry.The writer believes that the trade war launched by the United States is only a veil. Unveil the trade war is a competition between China and the US. The essence of the Sino-US trade war is a game between two countries. The United States attempts to curb the rise of China by restraining China's scientific and technological progress. Don't simply think it is Trump's problem. Even if Trump stepped down, the US successor president will continue to strategically rank China as the number one enemy. It is a proven fact that any easing of Sino-US relations is a temporary strategy. Sino-US relations will be confronted for a long time. The United States is an inevitable strategy to curb China after wave after wave. Because Sino-US relations are a structural conflict between a dominant country and a rising power, and this conflict cannot be compromised.The most worrying enterprises affected by the blockade of Huawei are Huawei's providers and customers in the technology industry chain created by Huawei in the States, and the two major chip manufacturers, Intel and Qualcomm. The market for China's imports of ICT products and services from the United States is magnificent. According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs, by the end of October 2018, the import value of China's integrated circuits is amounted to 1,190.8 billion, while China's crude imports in the same period were only 607.8 billion. China’s spending on chip imports is nearly twice that of crude. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, by the end of October 2018, China’s smartphone production has reached 1.238 billion units, it is almost 70% of the global production.Politicians are facing the same dilemma as American companies like Intel and Qualcomm. The US government is giving a terrible start which disappoints the world. The industry of chips and related components have formed a stable global industrial chain. This is the chain that the people of the world have enjoyed for half a century, and now American politicians are breaking the basis of the industry chain without any integrity, not to mention other industries.3. The "ban" cannot change the highly integrated industrial chain between China and the United States.Recently, Jeffrey Sachs, a professor, and director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University said that “China is not an enemy. It is a nation trying to raise its living standards through education, international trade, infrastructure investment, and improved technologies. In short, it is doing what any country should do when confronted with the historical reality of being poor and far behind more powerful countries. Yet the Trump administration is now aiming to stop China’s development, which could prove to be disastrous for both the United States and the entire world." But the Trump government’s current goal is to stop China's development, which is likely to cause a disaster for not only the United States, the whole world too.American politicians’ ignorance of the national legal system and the international rules, business rules of enterprises and the supply chain of enterprises, is destroying the technology-based industries environment at its core. The high-tech ecological supply chain is being disintegrated by politicians.After the US "ban" against Huawei, there will soon be two results: Huawei's chip technology and other key core technologies rise rapidly; or, the US chip industry and downstream technology industry will be in a state of fading. The principle is very simple. The industrial chain between China and the United States is highly integrated and highly complementary. In particular, China's market is huge. There is no winner in trade and technology warfare. The trade and technology between China and the United States have formed a highly integrated supply chain relationship. This kind of industrial chain formed in the last 50 years. This is not the US government can change by a single "ban”.

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency developed in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto, the name given to the unknown creator (or creators) of this virtual currency. Transactions are recorded in a blockchain, which shows the transaction history for each unit and is used to prove ownership.SPONSORED‘‘Cryptocurrency, in particular, Bitcoin’s price fluctuations, has certainly hit the headlines recently and as a result, there has been much discussion over whether cryptocurrency is a worthy investment strategy for 2019 with the startup cryptocurrency investment company like Cryptoaccess Investment Limited (www.cryptoaccess.store) where you get double of your invested cryptocurrency after 7 days.’’Buying a bitcoin is different than purchasing a stock or bond, because bitcoin is not a corporation. Consequently there are no corporate balance sheets or Form 10-Ks to review. And unlike investing in traditional currencies, bitcoin it is not issued by a central bank or backed by a government, therefore the monetary policy, inflation rates, and economic growth measurements that typically influence the value of a currency do not apply to bitcoin. Contrarily, bitcoin prices are influenced by the following factors:The supply of bitcoin and market demand for itThe number of competing cryptocurrenciesThe exchanges it trades onRegulations governing its saleIts internal governance.KEY TAKEAWAYSBuying a bitcoin is different than buying a stock or bond, because it’s not a corporation. Consequently there are no corporate balance sheets or Form 10-Ks to review.Unlike investing in traditional currencies, bitcoin it is not issued by a central bank or backed by a government, therefore the monetary policy, inflation rates, and economic growth measurements that typically influence the value of a currency do not apply to bitcoin.Bitcoin pricing is influenced by factors such as: the supply of bitcoin and market demand for it, the number of competing cryptocurrencies, and the exchanges it trades on.Supply and DemandCountries without fixed foreign exchange rates can partially control how much of their currency circulates by adjusting the discount rate, changing reserve requirements, or engaging in open-market operations. With these options, a central bank can potentially impact a currency’s exchange rate.The supply of bitcoin is impacted two different ways. First, the bitcoin protocol allows new bitcoins to be created at a fixed rate. New bitcoins are introduced into the market when miners process blocks of transactions, and the rate at which new coins are introduced is designed to slow over time. Case in point: growth has slowed from 9.8% (2015), to 6.9% (2016), to 4.3% (2017). This can create scenarios in which the demand for bitcoins increases at a faster rate than the supply increases, which can drive up the price.Secondly, supply may also be impacted by the number of bitcoins the system allows to exist. This number is capped at 21 million, where once this number is reached, mining activities will no longer create new bitcoins. For example. the supply of bitcoin reached 16.8 million in late January 2017, representing 80% of the supply of bitcoin that was ultimately made available.) Once 21 million bitcoin are in circulation, prices depend on whether it is considered practical (readily usable in transactions), legal, and in demand, which is determined by the popularity of other cryptocurrencies.CompetitionWhile bitcoin may be the most well-known cryptocurrency, there are many others, including ethereum, litecoin, Dogecoin and Peercoin. And new initial coin offerings (ICOs) are constantly on the horizon, due to the relatively few barriers to entry. The crowded field is good news for investors, because the widespread competition keeps prices down. Fortunately for bitcoin, its high visibility gives it an edge over its competitors.Availability on Currency ExchangesJust as equity investors trade stocks over indexes like the NYSE, Nasdaq, and the FTSE, cryptocurrency investors trade cryptocurrencies over Coinbase, GDAX, and other exchanges. Similar to traditional currency exchanges, these platforms let investors trade cryptocurrency/currency pairs (e.g. BTC/USD or bitcoin/U.S. dollar).The more popular an exchange becomes, the easier it may draw in additional participants, to create a network effect. And by capitalizing on its market clout, it may set rules governing how other currencies are added. For example, the recent release of the Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (SAFT) framework seeks to define how ICOs could comply with securities regulations. Bitcoin’s presence on these exchanges implies a level of regulatory compliance, regardless of the legal gray area in which cryptocurrencies operate.Regulations and Legal MattersThe rapid rise in the popularity of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has caused regulators to debate how to classify such digital assets. While the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) classifies cryptocurrencies as securities, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) considers bitcoin to be a commodity. This confusion over which regulator will set the rules for cryptocurrencies has created uncertainty—despite the surging market capitalizations. Furthermore, the market has witnessed the rollout of many financial products that use bitcoin as an underlying asset, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs), futures, and other derivatives.This can impact prices in two ways. First, it provides bitcoin access to investors who cannot afford to purchase an actual bitcoin, thus increasing demand. Second, it can reduce price volatility by allowing institutional investors who believe bitcoin futures are overvalued or undervalued, to use their substantial resources to make bets that bitcoin’s price will move in the opposite direction.Forks and Governance StabilityBecause bitcoin is not governed by a central authority, it relies on developers and miners to process transactions and keep the blockchain secure. Changes to software are consensus driven, which tends to frustrate the bitcoin community, as fundamental issues typically take a long time to resolve.The issue of scalability has been a particular pain point. The number of transactions that can be processed depends on the size of blocks, and bitcoin software is currently only able to process approximately three transactions per second. While this wasn’t a concern when there was little demand for cryptocurrencies, many worry that slow transaction speeds will push investors towards competitive cryptocurrencies.The community is divided over the best way to increase the number of transactions. Changes to the rules governing the use of the underlying software is called “forks”. “Soft forks” pertain to rule changes that do not result in the creation of a new cryptocurrency, while “hard fork” software changes results in new cryptocurrencies. Past bitcoin hard forks have included bitcoin cash and bitcoin gold.