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David Tvildiani Medical University (DTMU) is one of the best option you can go for.As a graduate from David Tvildiani Medical University I strongly advice you to join here and I will share important details regarding DTMU. Hope you find it useful!I graduated from DTMU and now working in SSH hospital in Delhi.Before I go in to details I want to clarify few wrong information about DTMU mentioned by some people here and I guess they are of some recruitment agencies! Lets clear the idea of private university, USMLE training, MCI passing rate, University ranking and if DTMU is bad university first!Its true that very often agencies lie about other universities in order to promote the universities they have contract with.There are many medical universities in Georgia, most of them were new and opened in wake of profit from foreign students especially Indian students. Its the case with so called “Government universities too” who never had medical faculty in English except in recent 4–5 years (Except Tbilisi State medical University. Here are few details about my university where I graduated from “ David Tvildiani Medical University”.David Tvildiani Medical university is a private medical university founded in 1989 , by group of elite doctors, scientists and physicians of Georgia for the reason that Medical education and medical care in Georgia were in ruins and there was no one institution that can provide standard medical education in Georgia. The purpose of the university was to provide medical education and send them to United states for better medical training. So that Georgia can produce highly skilled doctors. In order to achieve that, university developed medical curriculum based on curriculum in United States and to help students to pass USMLE exams. They implemented the program from the beginning of the university. It was the first institution in Georgia which provided medical education in English and with standards of United States. Because of that university was able to send hundreds of their graduate to United States for residency program. This can be appreciated with the statistical data of students who cleared USMLE. On average 60% of students from every batch has passed USMLE Step 1 and 2 (from every batch graduated from university) compared with 2 percent from all other Medical universities combined. In my class we were 12 and out of 12, eight have cleared USMLE step 1 and 2. That’s actually incredible feat only if you understand how difficult the USMLE exams are!Is DTMU really worst? How can someone even say that ? In terms of Medical education in Georgia they are the best in Georgia beyond doubt. Most of the doctors in Georgia send their Children to DTMU, including doctors residing in US. Current Minister of Health and Labour of Georgia Dr Sergenke was our teacher in third year and his both daughters got graduated from our university this year. Also wife of former president of Georgia studied from our university and graduated from DTMU. Next best university will be of course TSMU. after seeing success of our University, many university are following our footsteps including TSMU. but many other are just very useless in terms of actual Medical education.Does DTMU really ranks 25? This is another silly tool used by many agencies to misguide students. To understand this , we need to understand the basis of ranking. The ranking of universities are based on number of publications they produce each year, which mean the university with most PhD program will publish more papers will be ranked high. In that sense Ilia State University and Ivan Javakashvili Universities are at the top because they have more publications but non medical publications. Because they are elite institution in Georgia for non medical subjects such as Physics, Mathematics, Economics, Engineering etc. But they are the worst for Medical Education (yet they top the rankings). DTMU despite being Institution for undergraduate medical education for very long they have many publications and now they have introduced Phd programs, residency programs, Public health and Nursing school. Aslo the number of students admitted in university is very limited unlike other universities in Georgia who is admitted 300- 400 every year beyond their capacity just for financial gain.Its funny to note how you compare USMLE with ECTS. This tells how little knowledge many here have regarding medical education. USMLE is exam for medical residency program in United States. Any medical student/graduate can give that exam irrespective of institution or country. But what matters is how many can pass all exams of USMLE and get medical residency programs in United States. University is providing free USMLE coaching for all students from the beginning of the university from the first year of medical school and that’s the reason 60–70 percent of our university students were able to pass all steps of USMLE and doing residency in United states. along with that the curriculum is based on US medical schools and this further facilitate students to prepare well for USMLE. Some universities are following this pattern from 2010 (esp TSMU) which DTMU is doing from 1989 (and call it as US MD :D - for which they charge 12000 USD per year)DTMU recognition:DTMU is approved/recognized by MCI (without MCI approval you will not be getting eligibility certificate and I wont be practising in India), WHO, Ministry of Health of Georgia, ministry of education of Georgia and other international organisations. That's the reason why more than 50% of students from each batch in DTMU are working in United States and cleared all three steps of USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examinations). son/duaghter of elite doctors in Georgia are studying in DTMU and even two daughters of present Minister of Health in Georgia are studying in DTMU.DTMU Study Process:Studying in DTMU is an intense process and the intensity will be no different from medical colleges of India. In contrast to other foreign universities (other universities of Georgia, Ukraine, Russia, China, Philippines and so on) student will not be having too much of free time. Its because Medicine itself is intense and vast and its very difficult for a medical student to have free time if he or she is indeed studying medicine.Study period in DTMU is 6 years. It is divided in to three parts.1st 2.5 years is of Basic Medical Science, 2nd 2.5 years is of clinical medical science and final year is of Internship. The education process is entirely based on US medical curriculum and based on standard text booked used in US. this helps the student to enter US post graduate programs and training comparatively easy.In the first 2.5 years you will be completing all basic medical science subjects which includes Genetics, Molecular Biology, Bio Chemistry, Embryology, Histology, Anatomy, Neuro-Anatomy, Immunology, Microbiology, Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Patient history taking and physical examination, clinical investigations, differential diagnosis and clinical management.This 2.5 years of basic medical science is deemed to the most difficult part in medical education. Most student tend to complain during this period about the difficulty. Its because the subjects are entirely different from what they have learned in school, higher lever and of increased intensity. This 2.5 years are the most crucial as it lays the foundation for your whole medical carrier. Who ever makes better of these 2.5 years will have comparatively easier clinical science period and will have greater chance of clearing any competitive medical exams with better score and also will be able to understand all clinical science better.Each year, there are two semester. Student have to pass each semester. The marks in each subject consist of two parts. They are 1. Pre-Quiz points (60 marks) and 2. Quiz points (40 marks)Pre-quiz points consists of various components which includes marks for attendance, marks of daily class activity- which include presentation of daily subjects and their performance on class tests, and viva. Normally if a student attends classes every day and perform normally they manage to score around 50-58 pre-quiz points. Once the student has adequate pre-quiz points, they will be eligible for quiz. If a student misses more than 10% of attendance in a subject, the student must recover the missed part to be eligible for the quiz.Quiz will be conducted once two are three subjects are completed. Quiz will have questions from those completed subjects. Quiz consists of multiple choice questions in which student have to choose the best option. It contains average of 180-260 questions depending on the subjects. Student has to score minimum 51% marks in the quiz to pass the subject even if the student has prequiz points more than 50. If a student score 100% in quiz it will be converted to 40 points. If he or she scores 50% in the quiz they will get 20 points.These two (pre quiz and quiz) will add up to 100% in each subject. If a student fail in some subject, viva, or quiz- they will be given one more chance to pass at the end of each semester.Out of that 2.5 years, the first year will be the most difficult one student gets familiar with pace of study, terminologies and new materials.First year consists of important subjects such as Biochemistry, anatomy, neuro anatomy, Histology, Immunology, microbiology etc which will be the basis for next one and half year. Once student finishes first year, they will start organ based system from second year starting from cardiovascular system.In each system, there will be multiple subjects, For example while studying cardiovascular system you will have cardiovascular embryology, cardiac anatomy, cardiac histology, cardiac physiology, cardiac pathology, cardiac pharmacology and so on. At the end of each organ system, there will be quiz on that. Each semester will have average of 2-3 organ systems.First Filter:After finishing 2.5 years of basic medical science, the student will be encountered with first major exam of all medicine called filter exams (Basic medical science filter exam). This will be of two days and contains average of 760 questions from subjects the student had for last 2.5 years. the student is obliged to pass all subjects. If any one fail in that filter exam they will be provided with one more opportunity to pass it before the start of clinical science. The major significance of first filter is that it is equivalent to USMLE step 1 and the one who passes with 85% and above can be sure of clearing Step 1 of USMLE. (Which I have explained later)In the second 2.5 years, we will be starting clinical medical science which will be conducted in various hospitals of our university specialised for each department. Everything will be same like the fir two and half years having daily attendance, class activity, viva, pre quiz points and quiz. After finishing each subject student will have quiz for example at the Nephrology or Gastroenterology or Surgery etc.This phase will be easier if t had good basic medical education during first 2 and half years. At the end of 5 years (2.5 years of clinical medical science) the student will be facing second major exam in medical science called second filter or Clinical Filter.Second Filter:Like the first filter exam second filter exam too is two day process with approximately 760 question. this will check the knowledge of student in clinical medical subjects studied during 2.5 years. on passing the second filter student will move to final year which is internship.If a student secure more than 85% can be confident of passing of Step 2 CK of USMLE, as the pattern of question will be like that of USMLE Step 2 CK.Internship (6th Year):In the final year student will be completing the internship or clinical rotations. There are various options for DTMU students depending on their credentials and transcript.1. The general option which many student opt is doing their clinical rotation in hospitals in Georgia and at the end of the 6 th year they will be awarded the degree by the University. After completion they can come to india and pass FMG eligibility screening test and practise in India.2. Student can also give FMG eligibility screening test at the end of 5 th year after passing the second filter exam. Upon passing the screening test student can do their clinical rotation in MCI approved hospitals in India as per regulation using provisional certificates. upon completing the internship, the student will be graduating medicine. (this saves one year for the graduates)3. Student can opt to do their rotations in university hospitals of partner universities in Lithuania, Germany or in Turkey4. If he or she passes USMLE step 1 before the end of 5 th year with good scores will have an opportunity to do their clinical rotation in approved hospitals in United States. This will follow the standard procedure as student will have to apply through university. This will follow the rules and regulations of ECFMG and rotations will be only done in accredited hospitals. Majority of our students have completed their Clerkship in Mayo clinic, Cleveland clinic, Michigan State Medical university, Yale Medicine or Emory Medical school.This is very crucial for the student who are looking for opportunities in US, as at the end of the clerkship they will get Letter of recommendations from respective program directors from those reputed hospitals. This is vital inclusion criteria for foreign medical graduates trying to enter post graduate education in United States.Along with this there is also some program called PBL- problem based learning. In this programs the student will be given cases every week from second year which corresponds to their curriculum- helping the student to study the patient along with anatomy, physiology, pathology, treatment and management. This program is optional for students and this require more effort. And student who will in this will be earning more credits too. In india only AIIMS and JIPMER has such programs at undergraduate level.As per USMLE it consists of three steps. To get admitted in US PG programs, one has to pass Step 1 and 2. Step 3 is usually passed during PG.Once both Step and Step 2 is cleared you will be given ECFMG certificate- which is used to apply for those PG programs.USMLE step 1 is based on basic medical subjects. Most difficult of all three steps is Step 1. After passing step 1, student usually do the clinical clerkship in US. That is the reason why we have Basic Filter in DTMU.In normal cases 60-90% of out DTMU students passes USMLE Step 1 during their 3rd or 4th year.After passing USMLE Step 1, we need to prepare for Step 2. Step 2 has two parts. CK- Clinical knowledge (consists of multiple choice clinical questions) and CS- Clinical Skills where student will be give 12 -15 patients.CS is help only is US at 5 selected centres.During their 5th and 6th year DTMU student passes both part of USMLE Step 2. So that upon graduation they will be getting certified by ECFMG and will be able to join PG programs in US (which is also called medical residency program).Those medical students who finishes their PG or residency in US do not have to pass any exams to practise in most countries in the world including India.What's there in DTMU? And MCI screening test!DTMU was established for only one purpose, that is send Georgian students to US for PG programs so that the country can get best trained physicians and surgeons.And the University has achieved outstanding results that more than 42% of their graduates are working in leading hospitals across US also more 80% of their students have successfully passed USMLE.DTMU provide hostel facility for foreign students inside the campus, which is managed by DTMU itself with separate hostels for boys and girls. There are 4/3/2 persons per room options available and also provided with Indian food cooked by Indian chef. All breakfast, lunch and dinner are provided.Along with that hostel has 24/7 library facility to provide right atmosphere for the student.There are extra classes in the evening separate for USMLE and MCI from second and third year. Student who wishes to attend are free to attend which is actually free of cost. Every year mock exams of USMLE and MCI are conducted and the student who ever qualifies those mock exams- university will pay the expenses of USMLE and MCI screening test.The student who come 1st, 2nd, 3rd each year will be exempted from tuition fee of 100%, 50% and 25% respectively.University also has a scientific association, called SYSSA- which will provide opportunities to present and attend international and national conferences.Each class have maximum of 12-25 students which helps them to get better of each student. at the end of each semester the classes are shuffled where students are placed in different groups based on their performances. This is in order to provide more attention to students who needed the most.No student has failed MCI screening test yet from DTMUAlmost 80-90% of students have passed USMLE (in a class of 12 atleast 8 have cleared USMLE)More than 300 students have passed USMLE where our total graduates are 500 plus. If we compare the results with other prominent universities in Georgia like Tbilisi State Medical University where every year almost 600-800 graduates have not more than 100 students who passed USMLE in total.All universities are trying to copy a system which is already in place in DTMU, in order to achieve some results.On an average 200 Indian students are graduating from Georgia esp Tbilisi state Medical University and not more than 20 are able to pass MCI screening test each year.Medical education in general is not an easy process. It need hard work, dedication and time on continuous basis. On daily basis you will reading books one after another, will be practising question after questions which not to score 100% but to get bare minimum to get on to next step. Its same in India. If you ask any medical student in Indian medical colleges they will tell you how much do they work hard. They rarely find time to sleep or eat food.But the case with foreign medical universities are that the students have all free time and the medical education is comparatively very easy for them. Its because they rarely read any actual medical books. In some universities you will have the question papers even a year before your actual exams. That is the reason why these foreign medical graduates boasts to have 90-100% marks in all subjects.But after finishing their 6 years in other counties they have to pass MCI Screening test. You have to score minimum of 50% to pass the screening test. But majority of these foreign graduates fail in MCI screening test and they go for coaching centres in Delhi - mainly MIST and DAMS. They continue to prepare year after year. To understand the significance only 15-20% of foreign Medical graduates are able to pass MCI screening test every year.Last year Dec 2016, only 4% of the students who gave MCI screening test actually pass them.It doesn't mean that MCI screening test is hard, rather it is the easiest exam in whole of Medicine. Its not even 20% as difficult of that NEET PG.What it mean is, it is rather very easy to get admission in Medical universities abroad, but finding a right university is indeed very very hard. I am saying this from my personal experience.Is Medicine -easy ride!?I am no way to discourage you. Often times we tend to think that after getting in to medical school life is going to be wonderful. But in truth its the opposite. Medicine is very long process lasting from 5.5 to 6 years. Its often very difficult in first sight and need consistent hard work and repetition. You will feel as you never finished school at all or even you back to school. there will be time constraint,peer pressure and so on. Some subjects will be very interesting and some subjects will be very boring. Some times you will count hours to go back to bed. some time you are sad/depressed. you tend to blame everything from weather to water to god for having medicine at all. But this is all normal. When you go to hospital you feel like you are gonna save lives everyday- but these damn consultants wont let to deal any serious case.whatever the case- there is real joy and excitement for those who are in medicine for that passion. the moment you see rare cases- you cannot explain how joyful you will be. The moment you get the diagnosis right, the moment the patient thank you, the moment when get a patient and you actually save his/her life - that is real reward for your 6 years of hardship.For foreign medical graduates, the actual joy begins the moment you pass MCI screening test. That will be actual fruit you can give it to your parents, who put their trust, money, effort, patience on you.I am not able to guarantee many things in DTMU- but for sure, if you follow the programs, if you pass the exams and quiz in DTMU, you will be able to clear and pass MCI screening test or any other exams in the world for sure (even without joining any coaching)It is really hard to trust anything for sure- because almost description of every university and explanation from every agent sounds the same. What ever the case, you can gamble your trust with DTMU esp with education if not others.I personally do not endorse any agents, but definitely advice DTMU as good choice for medical education and as top choice if you are choosing Georgia.Expenses:i don't know the agencies and their charges. but here i am going to give rough estimate of expenses in University.Fee every year: 6000$from second year 6000$ can be paid in two instalments- before the start of each semester.Hostel fee (4 in one room) will cost 200$ per month including food and bills. They expect you to pay 6 months at least together.every year, you need to renew your residence permit which will cost around 100$And flight tickets- which depends on airways, season and class.Well you can expect to spend at least 50$ every month and of course there are few who spend nothing at all and i have no comments about them.With these busy study schedule and work load, its good to have some good times on Sundays like shopping or trying some good restaurant or movies.Because after all the hard work and hours of reading you need to reward yourself every now and then- at least once a month. And often times i find it difficult to resist the temptation from ads of Wendy's or Baskin robbins or Mc Donalds or KFC or even simple sahwarma. So treat yourself sometimes. Well that is my personal note! Don't think I am advising some thing bad.Weather is one of the wonderful thing you will find in Georgia, and you will be enjoying all four seasons. Life is pretty much in that country except your study part. No ragging or seniority can be seen in campus and almost no crime in the country- as Georgia is counted as 6th safest in the world and almost 100% corruption free. Being said that I am not asking to stay out in midnight or go alone outside!You will be provided with health insurance by university so that's taken care of! As insurance is mandatory.You will be assisted in opening a bank account to which parents can transfer money if needed.What to read:Anatomy:1.K. Moore. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. (main)2. BRS ANATOMY (Supplement- mainly for exams)3. cunningums anatomy and Chaurasia for your own reference4. Netter's Atlas of AnatomyBiochemistry:1. Th. Devlin. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations (Main)2. A.Lehninger. Principles of Biochemistry,3. Lippincott Biochemistry (Second most helpful book)4. BRS Biochemistry - for review and examsEmbryology:1.K. Moore. The Developing Human (Clinically Oriented Embryology) (Main)2. BRS. Embryology - best companion for examsGenetics:1. Thompson &Thompson .Genetics in Medicine - main book2. NMS Genetics or BRS Genetics (BRS will help you)Histology:1. L. Junqueira. Basic Histology.(An important main book)2. NMS Histology & Cell biology3. BRS HistologyImmunology:1. I.Roitt. Immunology2. A. Abbas. Basic ImmunologyIn books of Microbiology a part of it consists of Immunology and reading that will be sufficient along with BRSMicrobiology:1. Jawetz. Medical Microbiology2. Tortora Microbiology- I found this book lately and found it very helpful3. Levinson's Microbiology- This is the book i used, minimal information and quite handy!Neuroanatomy:1. R. Snell Neuroanatomy.(Textbook used)2. NMS Neuroanatomy or BRS Neuroanatomy3. Blumenfield Neuroanatomy - This is a new book and very interesting one! Will enjoy every page while reading this! - Love this book!Physiology :1. A. Guyton. Textbook of Medical Physiology (Standard text book- extensive but easy to read)2. NMS Physiology3. Constanzo Physiology- I found this really good, but language can be little tough for few.4. Ganong physiology too is really good! some students prefer this!Pathology:1. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease -This is one the most important book to have your own copy. Very very good book with lot to learn from every page.There are many versions but buy the standard text book - not the brief books2. BRS. PathologyReview Book:First AID USMLE 2017- This book will be your bible, as it really help you to narrow down your stress to most important points! Make sure you know every letter in this book!Its very good book to use for final revision before and on the day of exams!During class, make sure you read all the standard text books and try to read it as many time you can! Then go to the small books. It is very difficult to buy all these books. But you can have pdf version of all. Also sometimes you will find books for sale in library or from seniors for really cheap rates.Most important thing is to trust your books and trust in you. Dont get distracted by your classmates or friends on what they read.Because if you read your book you will be as good as any. And jumping from one book to another will cost you time and will prove to be not efficient.I have attached the university brochure along with semester programs and re exam schedule for one semester to get far idea.The dates marked with green marker represents important viva days (or Oral exams) and red marker marks the quiz dates.I hope this mail is helpful.I wish you good luck and bright future to any one wishing to become a doctor!All the best!With warm regards,

I have never heard of the term “social businessman.” Perhaps it is a language translation problem?I will take a wild stab at this, assuming you are referring to social entrepreneurship. You will want to go to a good University that specializes in this field. Just be sure to do something in addition to getting good grades and good scores in High School, in order to be accepted, in order to write a convincing letter of why you selected that school's program. Talk to your guidance counselor. Become President of one of your school clubs, be in the school play, join the debate club, give speeches, volunteer at several nonprofit organizations in your town, and see if any take on high school kids as board members.Here are the top 25 schools…From Ellie Burke written for classy.org1.University of PennsylvaniaLocated: Philadelphia, PAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 6:1Fun Fact: Famously founded by Benjamin Franklin.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:The Wharton School offers an undergraduate concentration in Social Impact & Responsibility, as well as an MBA/MSW in partnership with the Penn School of Social Policy and Practice.At the Penn School of Social Policy & Practice you can earn a Master of Social Work, an MS in Social Policy or Nonprofit Leadership, or a PhD in Social Welfare. They also offer several dual degree programs and certificates.The Center for Social Impact Strategy is also a part of the School of Social Policy & Practice. Completely focused on providing students with the resources they need to bring their innovative ideas for social good to fruition, the Center offers executive and doctoral programs and free Coursera courses. It’s also home to the Schwartz Family Penn Impact Lab, a one-week program in Costa Rica followed by five-months at the university for social entrepreneurs looking to jumpstart projects.2. The University of OxfordLocated: Oxford, United KingdomStudent-Faculty Ratio: 10:6Fun Fact: The stairs at Christ Church College were the inspiration for the entrance to Hogwarts’ Great Hall in the Harry Potter books and were used to shoot scenes in the films.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Oxford’s MBA programme at the Said Business School offers three social entrepreneurship electives that cover international social entrepreneurship, innovation and social entrepreneurship, and design and development. The Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship at the Said Business School also offers five fully funded MBA scholarships to individuals invested in social innovation.3. Duke UniversityLocated: Durham, NCStudent-Faculty Ratio: 8:1Fun Fact: Famous alumni include Melinda French Gates ’86 (MBA’87).Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Duke University offers an undergraduate certificate in Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Notable classes within this concentration include:Social InnovationPerformance and Social ChangeVideo for Social ChangeThe Short Audio DocumentaryMusic and Social EntrepreneurshipLeading as a Social EntrepreneurSocial Entrepreneurship in ActionThe Fuqua School of Business offers an MBA program with a concentration in Social Entrepreneurship through the Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship (CASE). Available classes include Impact Investing and Advanced Social Entrepreneurship.4. Yale UniversityLocated: New Haven, CTStudent-Faculty Ratio: 6:1Fun Fact: Yale is home to the longest running collegiate daily newspaper. It has been printed five days a week since 1878.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:At the Yale School of Management, the Program on Social Enterprise (PSE)holistically discusses nonprofits, social enterprises, and public sector social entrepreneurship. The program’s goal is to provide students with an understanding of how to use their business skills and market knowledge to create social solutions.The courses offered cover a wide range of topics. Whether you want to focus on Global Social Entrepreneurship, or Managing Social Enterprises, or Urban Poverty and Economic Development, you’re sure to find something suited to your interests.5. Stanford UniversityLocated: Stanford, CAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 4:1Fun Fact: Since 1908, a Stanford student has won a medal in every Olympic games.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:At the Stanford Graduate School of Business, you can complete a Certificate in Public Management and Social Innovation within your MBA or MS program. The certificate offers the flexibility to focus on a specific industry within the social sector. For example, students may dedicate their studies to environmental sustainability, health, economic opportunity, or education. The program also allows students to approach their area of interest as they see fit through either a nonprofit leadership or social enterprise/business approach.6. University of California-BerkleyLocated: Berkeley, CAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 17:1Fun Fact: UC Berkeley boasts three graduates famous for their various roles in Star Trek productions: Chris Pine, John Cho, and George Takei.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:At the Berkeley Haas School of Business, students enrolled in the full-time MBA program can pursue areas of emphasis such as Corporate Social Responsibility, Energy and Clean Technology, and Social Sector Leadership.Undergraduates at UC-Berkeley may also access business courses through the Haas School, including Philanthropy: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Topics in Nonprofit Management, Topics in Corporate Responsibility, and Entrepreneurship to Address Global Poverty.7. Northwestern UniversityLocated: Evanston, ILStudent-Faculty Ratio: 7:1Fun Fact: The nation’s largest student-run charity event takes place at the school every year in the form of a 30-hour dance-a-thon.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:For undergraduates, Northwestern University offers a major in Social Policy. This area of study examines how policy and institutions have the power to impact society, and it incorporates hands-on experience through a quarter-long internship.The Kellogg School of Management offers “pathways” for their students to work in industries that are currently emerging. Kellogg’s Social Impact Pathway features classes such as:Public Economics for Business LeadersFederal PolicyLeading Mission-Driven EnterprisesSustainability Reporting and AnalysisMicrofinance and the Role of Financial Institutions in DevelopmentMedical Technologies in Developing Countries8. Harvard UniversityLocated: Cambridge and Boston, MAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 7:1Fun Fact: Famous alumni include eight signees of the Declaration of Independence and eight U.S. Presidents.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:The Social Enterprise Program at the Harvard Business School provides students with an opportunity to take electives and receive field-training that prepare them to apply social enterprise skills to any area in the sector. Their MBA program offers courses such as Leading Social Enterprise and a Field Course: Social Innovation Lab.Boston is also home of the Collaborative a top conference for nonprofit leaders.9. University of MichiganLocated: Detroit, MIStudent-Faculty Ratio: 15:1Fun Fact: UMich introduced their now rivals, Notre Dame, in 1879 during a pit stop on their way to a game against the University of Chicago.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:At the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business, their MBA program offers an impressive number of classes through the Center for Social Impactfor both their graduate and undergraduate students. In fact, part of the school’s overall mission is to develop leaders focused on social impact.Graduate courses include topics like:Social Entrepreneurship and InnovationNonprofit and Public ManagementAdvocacy and Social ChangePublic Policy and Social Impact LawCorporate Responsibility and EthicsNonprofit Finance, Fundraising, and DevelopmentUndergraduates may complete courses such as Fundraising and the Arts, Introduction to Nonprofits, and Change by Design.10. Cornell UniversityLocated: Ithaca, NYStudent-Faculty Ratio: 9:1Fun Fact: Apart from the 745-acre main campus, Cornell also owns thousands of acres of nearby gardens and forests.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Between their Center for Transformative Action nonprofit incubator and their Societal Solutions Scholars Program, Cornell is ripe with life-changing experiences for socially minded entrepreneurs who are eager to learn.The Cornell Institute for Public Affairs also offers MPA students the opportunity to concentrate in Public and Nonprofit Management. Courses include Nonprofit Finance and Management, and International Public and NGO Management.11. Babson CollegeLocated: Babson Park, MAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 14:1Fun Fact: Babson’s serious business. So serious, in fact, that business is all you can major in as an undergraduate.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Babson’s undergraduate program offers an entrepreneurship concentration. Within this focus, students may participate in classes such as:CrowdfundingCulture, Society, and Entrepreneurship in Developing EconomiesSocial Responsibility through Eco-Enterprise in TurkeySocial Entrepreneurship by DesignSimilarly, the university’s MBA program also offers a concentration in Entrepreneurship with classes such as 21st Century Entrepreneurship: Business and Social Entrepreneurship.Babson is also home to The Lewis Institute, a program dedicated to fostering collaboration to drive social impact. Their Social Innovation Lab works to accelerate progress toward long-term social solutions by providing participants a space to create and test ideas.12. University of Colorado at BoulderLocated: Boulder, COStudent-Faculty Ratio: 18:1Fun Fact: Famous Alumni include the co-creators and executive producers of hit TV show South Park, Trey Parker and Matt Stone.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Undergraduates studying business at UC-Boulder may complete a Certificate in Socially Responsible Enterprise. Available classes include Business Solutions for the Developing World: Learning through Service, Integrated Reporting for Socially Responsible Strategies, and Geographies of Global Change.The Leeds School of Business at UC-Boulder also offers socially-minded entrepreneurship classes to their MBA students such as Social Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets.13. Boston CollegeLocated: Chestnut Hill, MAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 12:1Fun Fact: When mile 21 of the Boston Marathon passes through the college campus, classes are cancelled so students can watch and support the runners.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Undergraduates at Boston College can pursue a Co-Concentration in Entrepreneurship, and within this concentration they can complete a class in Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship.Famous for their Center for Social Innovation (CSI), Boston College also offers a Masters in Social Work: Social Innovation and Leadership Program. This comprehensive education includes not only courses, but hands-on learning opportunities such as field work, prototyping exercises, and a social innovation lab.14. New York UniversityLocated: New York City, NYStudent-Faculty Ratio: 10:1Fun Fact: Celebrity alumni include Angelina Jolie, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Martin Scorsese, Aziz Ansari, and current student Dakota Fanning.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:New York University (NYU) undergraduates who complete the social impact curriculum participate in a four-course series over the course of their degree. Through the Leonard N. Stern School of Business, students cover:Business and Its PublicsOrganizational Communications and Its Social ContextLaw, Business, and SocietyProfessional ResponsibilityNYU also has the Catherine B. Reynolds Foundation Program in Social Entrepreneurship, which offers graduate fellowships, undergraduate scholarships, workshops, and other resources for individuals pursuing a career in this field.Graduate students may pursue an MPA in Public Nonprofit Management and Policy at Wagner, or an MBA in Social Innovation and Impact at Stern.15. Carnegie Mellon UniversityLocated: Pittsburgh, PAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 13:1Fun Fact: The prison break scene in The Dark Knight Rises takes place on the steps outside of one of their research buildings, The Mellon Institute.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Carnegie Mellon’s Institute for Social Innovation offers several courses for students through the Heinz College.Relevant coursework includes classes such as:Innovating for Underserved Communities: Field Research BasicsDesign and Policy for Humanitarian ImpactSocial Innovation IncubatorEconomics of DevelopmentFoundations of Social Innovation and Enterprise16. American UniversityLocated: Washington, D.C.Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1Fun Fact: The central heroine in FOX drama Bones is based on real-life AU alum Kathy Reichs.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:The Kogod School of Business offers several notable classes for undergraduate students looking to minor or earn a certificate in entrepreneurship.Social EntrepreneurshipNonprofit and Social EntrepreneurshipNonprofit and Social Entrepreneurship and StrategyAt American University’s School of International Service, students may receive their Master of Arts in Social Enterprise. This two-year program uses a multidisciplinary approach to give students the tools they need to launch their own enterprise or achieve success at an existing organization.17. Georgetown UniversityLocated: Washington, D.C.Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1Fun Fact: Home to The Corp, the largest student-run nonprofit organization in the world.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:The Beeck Center of Social Impact + Innovation offers students many different resources for getting involved in the social sector. From part-time jobs, to research opportunities, to seminars and internships, students at Georgetown have a famous hub of social innovation at their fingertips.Graduate students at the McDonough School of Business can cater their MBA coursework as they see fit and complete classes such as:Corporate Social ResponsibilityLeadership and Management of Nonprofit OrganizationsUnderstanding EntrepreneurshipGraduate students at the McCourt School of Public Policy can also pursue a Master of International Development Policy.18. Indiana University BloomingtonLocated: Bloomington, INStudent-Faculty Ratio: 17:1Fun Fact: Host of the Little 500, the largest collegiate level bicycle race in the U.S.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Undergraduates at Indiana University Bloomington can complete certificates in Nonprofit Management and Entrepreneurship, as well as major in Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Within this major, students can take individual interest courses such as Art and Social Change, and Cultural Planning and Urban Development.Full-time MBA students at the Kelley School of Business can complete a certificate program in Social Entrepreneurship. Classes such as Social Entrepreneurship, Sustainability, GLOBASE: Business Leadership/Social Outreach, The Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector, and Fund Development for Nonprofits all prepare students to use their business degree to solve social problems.19. American Jewish UniversityLocated: Los Angeles, CAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 7:1Fun Fact: American Jewish University was born from the 2007 merger of Brandeis-Bardin Institute and the University of Judaism.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:American Jewish University offers an MBA in Nonprofit Management. Within this degree program, students can specialize in Social Entrepreneurship in a Diverse World, Fund Development, or Jewish Community Leadership.Their course offering includes classes such as:Social Entrepreneurship: Vision, Design, EvaluationManagerial Finance in Nonprofit OrganizationsPublic Policy, Law, and TaxationCause Marketing and CommunicationsThe Art and Science of Planned Giving20. Pepperdine UniversityLocated: Los Angeles, CAStudent-Faculty Ratio: 12.5: 1 Fun Fact: Pepperdine is included on The Princeton Review’s list of Green Colleges and 99 percent of on-campus irrigation is recycled water.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Pepperdine University offers a Masters of Arts in Social Entrepreneurship and Change. This online hybrid program consists of a combination of online and in-person instruction and is designed for people who are employed or already enrolled in school full-time. This master’s program is built around the belief that real change must begin from within—both on an individual and a community level. Students prove their individual dedication during the one-year capstone project where they each build a nonprofit organization and pitch it to a panel of existing social entrepreneurs.21. University of Southern CaliforniaLocated: Los Angeles, CaliforniaStudent-Faculty Ratio: 8:1 Fun Fact: USC has had more gold medal Olympians than any other U.S. university.Social Entrepreneurship Programs:Students can receive a Master of Science in Social Entrepreneurship at The Marshall School of Business. The skill-based curriculum is made up of nine required courses and two electives that take place on the University Park Campus. Students also study current events to gain familiarity with local and global challenges across cause sectors.Required courses include:Accounting Concepts and Financial ReportingMarketing ManagementStrategic Formulation for Competitive AdvantageCorporate FinanceInvesting in Impact VenturesCases in Feasibility AnalysisSocial Entrepreneurship: Design, Develop, and DeliverSocial Innovation DesignSocial Entrepreneurship22. University of OregonLocated: Eugene, OregonStudent-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Fun Fact: The University of Oregon mascot may look familiar—because it’s Donald Duck! University of Oregon is the only U.S. university with a Disney character as a mascot.A Master of Nonprofit Management degree at the University of Oregon prepares students for the unique skills required for leadership roles within philanthropic work. Their program emphasizes real-life training and all students are required to serve on the board of a nonprofit organization during the program. This degree is made up of four components:Core coursesElective field of interestInternship and professional development trainingManagement sequence and consultancy project23. University of San DiegoLocated: San Diego, CaliforniaStudent-Faculty Ratio: 14:1Fun Fact: The Princeton Review ranked USD second for “Best Campus Environment.”Social Entrepreneurship Programs:USD’s Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies offers a Master of Arts in Social Innovation. Students learn how to look at the root cause of social issues and think critically about how they can create sustainable, scalable business solutions to the social and justice challenges of our world.The program places an emphasis on six learning areas:Systems perspectiveAnalytical capabilitiesExperimentation in designImplementation and impact assessmentProblem-solving24. Washington University in St. LouisLocated: St. Louis, MOStudent-Faculty Ratio: 8:1Brown School of Social Services in conjunction with Olin School of Business Management Social Enterprise and Innovation Competition (SEIC), one of the world’s largest business plan competitions for both for-profit, nonprofit and hybrid social enterprises. Since 2006, the SEIC has awarded over $1 million in startup capital to both student and community entrepreneurs throughout St. Louis and serves as the cornerstone of one of the most vibrant and active social entrepreneurship communities in the country.

Women are the delight of my life and they will be yours as well after reading the following.In a perfect world, the thirty women on this list would be household names. But for too long history textbooks have focused on great men, to the exclusion of all others.Canada’s History decided to mark the centennial of the first women to win the vote in Canada — in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in 1916 — by celebrating great women from Canada’s past.To create our list we recruited a panel of prominent Canadians — former Governor General Adrienne Clarkson; bestselling author Charlotte Gray; historians Michèle Dagenais (Université de Montreal), Tina Loo (University of British Columbia), and Joan Sangster (Trent University); and author and English professor Aritha van Herk (University of Calgary).Theirs was not an easy task, for how do you define greatness? The list of thirty names the panel came up with is by no means definitive; some of the names are familiar, others are obscure. But what can be said is that each of the great women chosen has in some way made a positive impact on Canada.Doris Anderson (1921–2007)Magazine editor and women’s movement champion. Doris Anderson was a long-time editor of Chatelaine magazine and a newspaper columnist. Through the 1960s, Doris Anderson pushed for the creation of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, which paved the way for huge advances in women’s equality. She was responsible for women getting equality rights included in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. She authored a number of books, including three novels and an autobiography — Rebel Daughter — and sat as the president of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women. Anderson became an officer of the Order of Canada in 1974 and was promoted to Companion in 2002. She was also a recipient of a Persons Case Award and several honorary degrees. Photo: Barbara Woodley; courtesy of Library and Archives Canada/1993-234 NPC.Kenojuak Ashevak (1927–2013)An inspiring Inuit artist. Born in an igloo on the south coast of Baffin Island, Kenojuak Ashevak’s career as an artist began in 1958 when a government administrator recognized her talent. She quickly became a role model for many other Inuit women, who have become almost as recognized. Among her more well-known works is Enchanted Owl, created for Cape Dorset’s 1960 print collection; it was used on a postage stamp in 1970 to mark the centennial of the Northwest Territories and soon became an artistic icon. Ashevak lived most of her life in Cape Dorset, where she had a large extended family of children and grandchildren. Gracious, composed, and thoughtful, she has been an inspiration and mentor for a second- and third-generation Inuit artists. Photo: Ansgar WalkEmily Carr (1871–1945)A West Coast artist who has been described as “Canada’s Van Gogh.” Born in Victoria, Emily Carr began with few advantages. She studied art in San Francisco, London, and Paris while struggling to fund her education. Embracing the new modernist style, she came home in 1911 and applied her new skills to her favourite subjects — West Coast rainforests and the villages and artifacts of indigenous peoples. However, Canadian critics and buyers were not ready for her work and she abandoned painting for fifteen years. It wasn’t until the National Gallery mounted an exhibition of West Coast art in 1927 that she received the attention she deserved. By the time of her death, she enjoyed international renown that has outlasted that of her contemporaries.Mary Shadd Cary (1823–1893)The first black woman newspaper editor in North America. Mary Ann Shadd was a tireless advocate for universal education, black emancipation, and women’s rights. Born in Delaware, Shadd moved to Windsor in Canada West (now Ontario) to teach in 1851. She soon founded the Provincial Freeman, which was dedicated to abolitionism, temperance, and women’s political rights. During the American Civil War, she went back to the United States as a recruiter of African American soldiers for the Union army. After the war, she moved to Washington, D.C., to teach and to study law, becoming, at age sixty, the second black woman in the United States to earn a law degree. In 1994, Shadd Cary was designated a Person of National Historic Significance in Canada.Thérèse Casgrain (1896–1981)Activist, radio host, and political leader. Despite being brought up in wealth and privilege, Thérèse Casgrain felt that life should be fair to everyone. She helped to found the Provincial Franchise Committee for Women’s Suffrage in 1921 and later hosted a prominent radio program, called Fémina, for Radio-Canada. She became the first female leader of a political party in Canada — the left-leaning Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) — in the 1940s. In the early 1960s, she founded the Quebec branch of the Voice of Women to mobilize women against the Cold War nuclear threat. Later, she became the Quebec president of the Consumers Association of Canada. She did much to better the lives of Canadian women. Photo: Archives Nationales du QuébecGa’axstal’as, Jane Constance Cook (1870–1951)Kwakwaka’wakw leader, cultural mediator, and activist. Born on Vancouver Island, Ga’axstal’as, Jane Constance Cook was the daughter of a Kwakwaka'wakw noblewoman and a white fur trader. Raised by a missionary couple, she had strong literacy skills and developed a good understanding of both cultures and legal systems. As the grip of colonialism tightened around West Coast nations, Cook lobbied for First Nations to retain rights of access to land and resources. She testified at the McKenna-McBride Royal Commission of 1914 and was the only woman on the executive of the Allied Indian Tribes of British Columbia in 1922. A fierce advocate for women and children, she was also a midwife and healer and raised sixteen children. Photo: Royal BC Museum, BC ArchivesViola Desmond (1914–1965)Challenged segregation practices in Nova Scotia. Long before the modern civil rights movement in the United States, a black woman from Halifax took a stand for racial equality in a rural Nova Scotia movie theatre. It was 1946, and Viola Desmond, a hairdresser, caused a stir by refusing to move to a section of the theatre unofficially set aside for black patrons. Desmond was dragged out of the theatre and jailed. While officials denied that Desmond’s race was the root of the issue, her case galvanized Nova Scotia’s black population to fight for change. In 1954, segregation was legally ended in Nova Scotia. Photo: Public domainMary Two–Axe Earley (1911–1996)Challenged law discriminating against First Nations women. Mary Two-Axe Earley plunged into activism at age fifty-five, despite considerable opposition from her own community. In the end, she improved the lives of thousands of Aboriginal women and their children. Born on the Kahnawake Mohawk territory, close to Montreal, Two-Axe Earley moved to Brooklyn, married an Irish-American, and had two children. She was later widowed. Because she had lost her Indian status by marrying a non-Aboriginal, she was barred from going back to live on her reserve. For more than two decades, Two-Axe Earley lobbied to have the discriminatory law reversed. In 1985 she was successful. Her efforts benefited about sixteen thousand women and forty-six thousand first-generation descendants. Photo: CP/Toronto StarMarcelle Ferron (1924–2001)Quebec painter and stained glass artist. Marcelle Ferron is the only female artist who signed Les Automatistes’ polemical manifesto, Refus Global, in 1948. Her paintings were hung in all the major Automatiste exhibitions. Her painting technique became progressively forceful with vibrant colours and thick paint. Ferron changed her medium to stained glass after 1964. Her most known stained glass pieces are those in Champ-de-Mars and Vendôme metro stations in Montreal, which were installed in 1968. The Champs-de-Mars window masterpiece is sixty metres long and nine metres high and dapples the station with coloured light. Ferron was also an associate professor at Laval University in Quebec City and became a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec in 2000. Photo: Copyright Pierre LongtinHannah (Annie) Gale (1876–1970)First alderwoman in the British Empire. When Annie Gale and her husband William immigrated to Calgary from England in 1912 she was appalled by the high costs of housing and food. Determined to change things, she helped to establish a local consumers’ league. A strong advocate for workers and women, she helped to organize the Women’s Ratepayers’ Association and it was this group of women who asked her to run for the city council in 1917. Gale won a seat to become the first woman elected to municipal office in the British Empire. She also broke new ground when, while in office, she occasionally served as acting mayor. Gale’s non-partisan approach inspired other reformers, including Nellie McClung.Anne Hébert (1916–2000)A writer whose work was universally recognized in all francophone countries. Anne Hébert won all the major awards in France and Belgium and the Governor General’s Award for fiction three times in Canada. She wrote poems, stories, novels, and plays that captured the tumult of human emotions against the backdrop of Quebec history. Hébert began writing at an early age and worked at both the National Film Board and Radio-Canada from 1950 to 1954. From there she went on to live in Paris for almost the rest of her life. The sense of a conquered society struggling to erupt and to break all obstacles is the fierce energy behind the three-dozen works she authored. Photo: LaPresse.ca | Actualités et Infos au Québec et dans le mondeAdelaide Hoodless (1857–1910)Educational reformer and founder of the Women’s Institute. Adelaide Hoodless began her public life with the death of her infant son, who had consumed tainted milk. The tragedy inspired her to set about making sure that more women were educated in matters of domestic science, and she began pushing for home economics courses to be taught in Ontario public schools. She was also a powerful force behind the formation of three faculties of household science. Working with Lady Aberdeen, wife of the Governor General, she helped to found the National Council of Women, the Victorian Order of Nurses, and the national YWCA. Photo: WikipediaPauline Johnson (1861–1913)Poet and public speaker. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) is best known for her poetry celebrating her Aboriginal heritage. The daughter of George Johnson, a Mohawk chief, she wrote stories about Aboriginal women and children that were based in an idealistic setting but were more realistic than those written by her contemporaries. Some of her work is included Songs of the Great Dominion (1884) by W.D. Lighthall, the first anthology to include French-Canadian and Aboriginal poetry. Johnson travelled across Canada, the United States, and England to give speeches and poetry readings. Her patriotic poems and short stories made her a popular ambassador for Canada. Photo: Bibliothèque et Archives CanadaMarie Lacoste Gérin-Lajoie (1867–1945)Feminist, social reformer, lecturer, educator, and author. Marie Lacoste was from an early age acutely aware of the inequities faced by women. She was brilliant but had to educate herself through her father’s library because Quebec’s francophone universities were closed to women. In 1908 she helped to establish a girls’ school that would allow young women to pursue higher education. She was a driving force behind the the Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste, a francophone women’s organization that championed education, equity under the law, women’s right to vote, and other social causes. Her work paved the way for the rise of the Quebec feminist movement during the Quiet Revolution. Photo: Centre d'archives de MontréalMargaret Laurence (1926–1987)One of the giants of Canadian literature. Born in Neepawa, Manitoba, Margaret Laurence graduated from United College (now the University of Winnipeg) and lived in Africa with her husband for a time. Her early novels were about her experience in Africa but the novel that made her famous — The Stone Angel — was set in a small Manitoba town very much like the one she grew up in. Her work resonated because it presented a female perspective on contemporary life at a time when women were breaking out of traditional roles. Laurence was also active in promoting world peace through Project Ploughshares and was a recipient of the Order of Canada.Agnes Macphail (1890–1954) And my personal FavouriteFirst woman elected to the House of Commons. Agnes Macphail was born in rural Ontario. While working as a young schoolteacher she became involved with progressive political movements, including the United Farm Women of Ontario. She also began writing a newspaper column. She was elected to the Commons as a member of the Progressive Party of Canada in 1921. Her causes included rural issues, pensions for seniors, workers rights, and pacifism. She also lobbied for penal reform and established the Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada. She later was elected to Ontario’s Legislative Assembly, where she initiated Ontario’s first equal-pay legislation in 1951.Julia Verlyn LaMarsh (1924–1980)Author, lawyer, broadcaster, novelist, and Canadian politician. In 1963, Julia “Judy” LaMarsh became the second female cabinet minister in the House of Commons. She sat in Prime Minister Lester Pearson’s Cabinet as the minister of national health and welfare and minster of amateur sport from 1963 to 1965. During this time the Canada Pension Plan was implemented and the Canadian medicare system was designed. LaMarsh served as secretary of state from 1965 to 1968 where she oversaw the centennial year celebrations, brought in the new Broadcasting Act, introduced many of the core features of today’s broadcasting policy, and established the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada. Photo: Copyright Health and Welfare CanadaNellie McClung (1873–1951)Novelist, reformer, journalist, and suffragist. Nellie McClung was a leader in the fight to enfranchise North American women. Her efforts led to Manitoba becoming the first province to grant women the right to vote in 1916, followed by Alberta and Saskatchewan. After a move from Manitoba to Alberta, she was elected to the Alberta Assembly as a Liberal member for Edmonton in 1921. In the legislature, McClung often worked with Irene Parlby of the governing United Farmers of Alberta party on issues affecting women and children. Both were members of the Famous Five. McClung was also the first female director of the board of the governors of the CBC and was chosen as a delegate to the League of Nations in Geneva in 1938.Lucy Maud Montgomery (1874–1942)An author with an enduring legacy. Lucy Maud Montgomery is most famous for being the creator of “Anne,” the redheaded orphan from Anne of Green Gables. Published in 1908, the book made Prince Edward Island famous around the world. Montgomery had a consummate literary career, publishing twenty novels, more than 530 short stories, 500 poems, and thirty essays. Raised by strict grandparents, she was a lonely, isolated child, with a vivid imagination. Later, she moved to Ontario, where she struggled with her husband’s religious melancholia, and the challenges of being a wife, mother, and manse mistress. She also fought lawsuits with her publisher and with her own ill health. Long after her death, Montgomery’s legacy continues with the enduring popularity of “Anne,” a character so vivid that we can all visualize her immediately.Angelina Napolitano (1882–1932)Brought domestic abuse to national awareness. Little is known of Angelina Napolitano’s tragic life, outside of the fact that she was an Italian immigrant who in 1911 killed her abusive husband with an axe as he slept, was convicted of murder, and was sentenced to hang. Since abuse could not be used as a defence, the case ignited enormous debate and a flood of petitions asking that her life be spared. It brought the “battered woman” defence into the spotlight and highlighted inequities in the law. On July 14, 1911, the federal Cabinet commuted her sentence to life imprisonment. She was granted parole in 1922 and is believed to have died in 1932. Photo: Lina Giornofelice pictured as the lead character, Angelina Napolitano in the 2005 movie, Looking for Angelina.Nahnebahwequay, Catherine Sutton (1824–1865)Christian missionary and spokesperson for Ojibwa people. Nahnebahwequay, also known as Catherine Sutton, took issue with the Indian Department in 1857, which prevented First Nations people from purchasing their own ceded land. She travelled to England to present the case to the colonial secretary and the British Crown. A group of Quakers in New York funded her voyage and provided her with a letter of introduction. She was introduced to Queen Victoria on June 19, 1860. The intervention of the British government allowed her and her husband, William, to buy back their land, but nothing was done for other First Nations families. Upon returning to Canada, she continued to argue for the rights of indigenous people. Photo: Copyright Grey Roots Museum, Owen SoundMadeleine Parent (1918–2012)Union organizer and social activist. Late in life, Madeleine Parent has recognized her indefatigable activism on behalf of workers, women, and minorities. But in her younger years, she was marked as a dangerous woman and a “seditious” traitor. In the 1940s, Parent organized workers in the massive textile factories of Quebec. She was convicted — and later acquitted — of seditious conspiracy. From the 1950s to the 1970s, she led the Canadian Textile and Chemical Union and launched historic struggles over workers' rights. In her late eighties, Parent continued to speak out on a wide range of social justice issues. In the end, her radical, left-wing ideas not only defined who she was but became her lasting legacy to Canadian society.Gabrielle Roy (1909–1983)A francophone writer who gifted to Canada some of the most memorable novels of the twentieth century. Gabrielle Roy chronicled hardship and hope, family and estrangement, and the difficulties of love. Born in St. Boniface, Manitoba, in 1909, Roy was the youngest of eleven children in a family without material wealth but replete with stories. Despite hard times, she saved enough to travel to Europe in 1937. There she began writing. She returned to Canada in 1939 and published her first novel — Bonheur d’occasion — in 1945. The novel won France’s Prix Fémina and it's English translation, The Tin Flute, won Canada’s Governor General’s Award. She would go on to win two more Governor General’s Awards, as well as other literary prizes.Charlotte Small (1785–1857)Explorer David Thompson’s wife and interpreter. Charlotte Small was born at Île-à-la-Crosse, a fur trade post in what is now northern Saskatchewan. She was the daughter of a Cree woman and a white trader with the North West Company. Raised among her mother’s people, her knowledge of both English and Cree made her a valuable companion to Thompson. Married at age thirteen to twenty-nine-year-old Thompson, Small would go on to accompany the explorer as he mapped much of western Canada, covering as much as 20,000 kilometres. Thompson acknowledged that his “lovely wife,” with her knowledge of Cree, “gives me a great advantage.” Their strong and affectionate partnership lasted 58 years and they raised 13 children. Photo: As depicted on the cover of Woman of the Paddle Song written by Elizabeth Clutton-Brock.Eileen Tallman Sufrin (1913–1999)Labour organizer and workers advocate. Eileen Sufrin led the first strike of bank employees in Montreal in 1942. However, her biggest battle and the highlight of her career was her attempt to unionize employees at Eaton’s, Canada’s largest department store at the time. Of the 30,000 Eaton’s workers across Canada, Sufrin and her team were able to organize 9,000 employees between 1948 and 1952. Despite the low number of memberships, she took pride in knowing that during this time Eaton’s increased salaries, pensions and welfare. Sufrin was awarded a Governor General’s Medal in 1979, one of seven Canadian women honoured on the 50th anniversary of the Person’s Case.Kateri Tekakwitha (1656–1680)North America’s first First Nations saint. The story of Kateri Tekakwitha is a story of resilience in the face of colonial incursions, and of a woman who tried to revitalize her traditions and values despite her conversion to Catholicism. Born in 1654 near what is now Auriesville, New York, Tekakwitha was orphaned at age four. At age nineteen, she went to the Catholic mission of Kahnawake near Montreal, where she befriended a group of devout women and devoted the rest of her short life to prayer, penitential practices, and caring for the sick and aged. Miracles were attributed to her shortly after her death, and her gravesite soon became a pilgrimage site. Tekakwitha was canonized as a saint on October 21, 2012. Photo: Dorothy M. SpeiserThanadelthur (1697–1717)Peacemaker, guide and interpreter for the Hudson’s Bay Company. Thanadelthur was a member of the Chipewyan (Dene) nation who, as a young woman, was captured by the Cree in 1713 and enslaved. After a year, she escaped and eventually came across the HBC York Factory post, governed by James Knight. Thanadelthur stayed to work for Knight, who needed a translator to help make peace between the Cree and the Chipewyan for trading purposes. Accompanied by an HBC servant and a group of friendly Cree, she went on a year-long mission into Chipewyan territory. She brought the two groups together and — alternately encouraging and scolding them — brought about a peace agreement. The HBC records refer to her as “Slave woman” or “Slave woman Joan.” Photo: This young Chipewyan woman from Cold Lake, Alberta, photographed by Edward Curtis in 1928, was popularized by historian Sylvia Van Kirk as a well-known representation of Thanadelthur.Marie-Madeleine Jarret de Verchères (1678–1747)A legendary heroine who held back an Iroquois raid. Around the age of fourteen, Madeleine, in the absence of her parents, defended the family fort from a group of Iroquois. There are at least five contemporary accounts of what happened. The most plausible, written by her about seven years after the event, suggest she escaped the clutches of an Iroquois warrior by loosening her kerchief, then rushing into the mostly undefended fort and closing the gate. She somehow fooled the Iroquois into thinking there were many soldiers defending the fort and fired a round from a cannon. The noise alerted other forts in the area and apparently scared off the Iroquois warriors.Justice Bertha Wilson (1923–2007)The first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. Born into a working-class family in Scotland, Bertha Wilson trained in law in Canada. When appointed to the high court in 1982, she already had a track record as a justice with the Ontario Court of Appeal, where she was known for her humane decisions in areas such as human rights and the division of matrimonial property. During her nine years on the Supreme Court, she helped her male colleagues to understand that seemingly neutral law often operated to the disadvantage of women and minorities. She thus helped usher in groundbreaking changes to Canadian law. Photo: Copyright Cochrane PhotographyJane Wisdom (1884–1975)One of Canada’s first professional social workers and the first head of the Bureau of Social Services in Halifax. Jane Wisdom completed her initial training and education in social work in New York because there were no schools of social work in Canada. She returned to Halifax in 1916 to lead the newly established Bureau of Social Services. She moved to Montreal in 1921 to complete her studies and lectured in social work. She continued her work in Montreal for eighteen years before moving back to Nova Scotia. In 1941 she accepted a position as the first welfare officer for Glace Bay, which made her the first municipal welfare officer in Nova Scotia.Photo: Nova Scotia College of Social Workers