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I find prevalence a fascinating topic. You hear these figures constantly throughout your studies and in the media. “x% of people suffer from Y”. It never occurred to me to question what this means until recently.Prevalence most often refers to “point prevalence” or “cross-sectional prevalence”. This means the estimated proportion of people who have a disorder at a census point in time. The large national surveys (that you then hear about in books/media) sample around 3,000 - 10,000 people from the general public. For some data this is done annually, but some statistics can be up to 5–10 years old.The surveys intentionally try to cover a wide range of the population. Different states, socio-economic statuses, ages, etc. There are some caveats. For example, the latest survey by the National Center for Health Statistics (one of the main mental health surveys in the USA) did not cover those without an address (homeless), people in active military deployment, and other difficult to reach groups. Adolescents (below 18) are also often surveyed using separate surveys.Besides excluding certain groups, you also get your usual survey biases. A large number of people do not respond to the surveys. This means your numbers are provided, by definition, by those more likely to answer a survey. This could mean some conditions are over or underestimated. Traits like narcissism or extraversion could be over-sampled and something like introversion or psychopathy could be undersampled - people who get the survey with those traits could simply not bother. These examples are just my guess, I don’t have any data on them.Why don’t people count prevalence directly?I always assumed this was the case. It was a surprise finding out the numbers we learn about are based on surveys. There are a number of reasons.It is surprisingly difficult to pool national health data. The USA is actually among the best at this, thanks in part to the insurance system. The UK also collect this data, but it is quite an effort and is mainly done for caseload audit (i.e. seeing which regions have an increasing demand for healthcare as a whole).Data collection issues aside, direct caseload data is biased as well. You will be heavily skewing your numbers towards high-severity conditions that require immediate medical attention. Because of how insurance and prescriptions work, you will also be over-estimating conditions that are treated using medication (as opposed to therapy / third-party non-medical treatments). You will be skewing against conditions that less socially accepted or are extremely widespread (people will be less likely to seek medical care). It is also unclear what the ‘total population’ is in that case. Is it people with insurance who could potentially access a health service; is it people who accessed a health service; or a people who accessed a mental health service specifically? If you simply use the total national population number, you are biasing the estimate as there are several barriers to a person seeking mental health care (especially in the USA where ‘free/insured’ mental health coverage varies greatly).In light of all this, clinicians often prefer the questionnaire/survey method and see it as more reliable when estimating the % of a disorder in the total population. In contrast, direct caseload data is often preferred when allocating healthcare resources.

I'd ask for clarification and more specificity on your question, such as:* How is depression defined? As a factor that someone felt affected his/her life at one time? As a diagnosis by a medical professional?For example, there's the prevalence of "current depression" as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); this is self reported and focuses only on the last two weeks from the date of the filling out the form.There's depression as defined by the DSM-V, and presented as a diagnosis by a medical professional.There's depression that's been diagnosed, but for which a person is undergoing successful treatment such that they're asymptomatic.Depression can be defined in a variety of ways.* What % of Stanford students have depression?Are you looking at the prevalence among Stanford students only? To say how common or uncommon would require a comparison to some sort of defined norm.A 2005-06 study (published in 2008) surveying 593 (out of 3226 freshman) Stanford students indicated "current major depressive episode" for 6.6% of that population.A new US-UK diagnostic project: mood elevation and depression in first-year undergraduates at Oxford and Stanford universitiesThe Vaden Health Center website at Stanford states that "Every year one out of ten Stanford students gets help from Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS)." Not specific to depression.Helping a Distressed Student: A Faculty and Staff GuideAn Oct 2013 article in the Stanford Daily cites that "CAPS saw about 14.5 percent of the undergraduate and graduate populations" according to CAPS Director Ronald Albucher. Again, not specific to the issue of depression.CAPS to offer evening hoursIt's unlikely that you'll ever get a definitive answer on the percentage of the Stanford student population who has experienced depression or received such a diagnosis.However, you can get a reasonable idea based on the information above.* How common is depression at Stanford relative to other universities/colleges?This is the easiest part I can get close to answering as the American College Health Association (ACHA) publishes a National College Health Assessment (NCHA) annually. Originally conducted in 2000, the survey underwent an update in 2011 to become ACHA-NCHA II. Their publications and reports can be found here:ACHA-NCHA DataThe most recent findings (2013 acha-ncha) indicate that 12.6% of students reported "depression" as a factor affecting their academic performance w/in the last 12 months.That's pretty close to the percentage who were diagnosed or treated for depression by a professional in the last 12 months: 11.0% (12.8% female; 7.3% male).Some more numbers about what students reported experiencing any time in the last 12 months:45.0% Felt things were hopeless.55.9% Felt very lonely.31.3% Felt so depressed it was difficult to function.7.4% Seriously considered suicide1.5% Attempted suicide5.9% Intentionally cut, burned, bruised or otherwise injured [himself/herself]ACHA-NCHA's final data set included 153 US post-secondary institutions (self-selected) and 123,078 students.I know this isn't a definitive answer, but I hope it helps you toward a satisfactory one.

An anecdotal answer by me:-(Thank you for Ask to Answer)The United Kingdom has a compulsory education for 14-16 years, while Pakistan has not any compulsory years of education at any level.Pakistani educational system has a lack of trained teachers, handful teaching and physical resources as compared to UK educational institutions.CGU’s online Master of Science in Evaluation & Applied Research—designed with the acclaimed Claremont Evaluation Center (CEC)—helps you build your evaluation and research expertise, and empowers you to make a meaningful impact. You’ll work to craft a wide range of international development, education, health, well-being, and positive psychology initiatives. ¾ Curriculum development ¾ Parent conferences ¾ Involvement at the annual review-an annual meeting held by the IEP Committee to discuss the progress of each child with a disability and to plan the next year’s Individual Education Plan ¾ Involvement in the triennial evaluation process-an evaluation … Comparisons between Pakistan and the UK, and this is the core objective of this study. The comparison is delimited to six key dimensions i.E. Responsibility of education, educational structure, curriculum, assessment and evaluation, inspection, supervision and management, and teacher education and training. Research Questions 1. The Early Education Curriculum is a pedagogical tool for people working in early education in the European Schools. As parents are the prime educators of their children, good partnership between parents and the school is essential. The curriculum will helpto foster this cooperation. Education is one of the most important matters for the contemporary age. It studies the process of teaching and of the education as a system. A Masters in Education delves deep to explore all aspects of education.Like any developed study or science, Masters in Education programs keep up with the modern knowledge and apply every new bit of it to make the art of teaching better and more effective.This curriculum is intended for use with children ages 0-5. It is tailored to the needs of ECD service providers, especially congregations, and includes ... Closure: Session and Training Evaluation 5 hours & 15 Minutes Day 1 Session 2. Understanding Young Children Closure: Session and Training Evaluation 3 Hours & 30 Minutes Country comparison. Select one or several countries in the menu below to see the values for the 6 dimensions. Go further, discover our cultural survey tool, the Culture Compass™ or join our open programme Introduction to Cross-Cultural Management. Agencies established to promote and support curriculum development in the United Kingdom. Secondly, we will explore some of the problems of dissemi-nating curriculum innovations, by looking at some of the models of dissemination which have been either postulated or …Compare and Contrast Countries. Create graphs, maps and charts. Select countries and data to compare.Because of student mobility, Texas has adopted curriculum standards that are to be used in all the state's public schools. The current standards, which outline what students are to learn in each course or grade, are called Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). The standards are adopted by the State Board ofNetherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. A detailed description of the review’s objectives, analytical framework, and methodology is provided in OECD (1998). While the organisation of national reviews is the primary aim of the project, another important goal For more than a decade, Singapore, along with South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Finland, has been at or near the top of international leagues tables that measure children’s ... UNICEF is committed to doing all it can to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in partnership with governments, civil society, business, academia and the United Nations family – and especially children and young people.Curriculum model is a broad term referring to the guide used to write curriculum guides, or the documents used in education to determine specific aspects of teaching, such as subject, time frame ... India dismissed as a “continuation of a farce” Pakistan’s declare on Wednesday that Indian nationwide Kulbhushan Jadhav has refused to file a evaluation petition towards his demise sentence and solely needs to observe up on his mercy petition. India mentioned the declare, yet one more occasion of concocted narratives, was meant to masks Pakistan’s reticence … Include Davis' Process Model (1981), Stake's Countenance Model (1967) and. Eisner's Connoisseurship Model (1979). CURRICULUM EVALUATION MODELS . Davis', Process . Model This model provides a simple overviCW' of the processes involved in" curriculum ev.Uuation. It . Is . Suitable for 'Use by either individual teacliers or teams of teachers. Monitoring and Evaluation for AD Projects Tools and Methods for Field Test: Data collection Monitoring and Evaluation and data analysis Group Presentation, Report Write up And Communicating Results FIGURE 1. The Design and Process of the Training Workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation for Alternative Development (AD) Projects.Box 4.4 Chile: Th e Enlaces Evaluation System 51 Box 5.1 India: Focus on ICT and the poor in the Bridges to the Future Initiative 57 Box 5.2 Several strategies have proven eff ective in encouraging the continued participation of girls and women in education in general 59 Box 5.3 United Kingdom: Assistive technologies in education 60 Since then, STEM-focused curriculum has been extended to many countries beyond the United States, with programs developed in places such as Australia, China, France, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. Development of STEM in the United States. In the early 2000s in the United States, the disciplines of science, technology, engineering ... Curriculum, child assessment, and program evaluation. Next, the document outlines the position statement’s background and intended effects. It describes the major trends, new understandings, and contemporary issues that have influenced the position statement’s recom-mendations. With this background, the document then Please select a country in the dropdown menu below to see the values for the 6 dimensions. After a first country has been selected, a second and even a third country can be chosen to be able to see a comparison of their scores. Go further, discover the Culture Compass™ or join our open programme Introduction to Cross-Cultural Management. The OECD reports that the United Kingdom overall has above average levels of pupil attainment in science and reading, and average levels in maths. However, within this, there are wide varieties in school structure and quality, and the legislation around schooling is slightly different across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom GPA calculator Grading Scales: Most Common. Scale Grade Description Division US Grade 70.00 - First Class Honours A 65.00 - 69.99 Second Class Honours Upper Division A- 60.00 - … Implementing a bicultural curriculum. The principles and practice of biculturalism are foregrounded in Aotearoa/New Zealand's founding document, Te Tiriti o Waitangi. 12 Te Whāriki "is the first bicultural curriculum statement developed in New Zealand.” 13 In early childhood education settings all children should be given the opportunity to develop knowledge and an understanding of the ... 3. Curriculum as process. 4. Curriculum as praxis. It is helpful to consider these ways of approaching curriculum theory and practice in the light of Aristotle’s influential categorization of knowledge into three disciplines: the theoretical, the productive and the practical. Education Equivalency. In order to establish the equivalency of foreign credentials, please contact either of these two organizations: In Canada: Delivering Psycho-educational Evaluation Results to Parents presents a concrete and adaptable Feedback Model that efficiently communicates complex evaluation results to parents in an easily understandable manner. The book discusses a model rooted … Respective education departments. Curriculum development is an ideologically driven process often leading to heated political debates in the country (Nayyar & Salim, 2003). For example, in the recent past the process of curriculum development and curriculum reform has received much attention in the print and electronic media. Evaluation has been defined as “judging the worth or merit of something or the product of the process” (Scriven, 1991, p. 139). Guskey (2000) updated this definition stating that evaluation is a systematic process used to determine the merit or worth of a specific program, curriculum, or strategy in a specific context. The author describes ... UK NARIC is the designated United Kingdom national agency for the recognition and comparison of international qualifications and skills. It performs this official function on behalf of the UK Government. For individuals – do you want to study, work, or settle in the UK? We can help you. Process of designing, managing and evaluating a development project, including consideration of issues such as ethics, staffing, project risks and impacts, monitoring and evaluation. Uniting Pakistani Youth for Development (UPYD) is a project located in rural Lodhran, Punjab province, Pakistan. Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all legislation, policies and programmes. This leads to equal benefits for women and men, and ends the perpetuation of existing inequality (Adapted from the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID), 2002). Parents have a lot more options to choose from in terms of middle school course curriculum when evaluating online middle school courses as an alternative. They can also help children get away from negative and damaging situations in certain cases where the situation can be detrimental to their learning process.Meanwhile, Pakistan spends at least 3.5% of its GDP on defense – accounting for roughly 20% of government spending. It spends liberally on “nice-to-have”s, like the metrobus projects — the recently completed one in Islamabad cost Rs. 45 billion; as a comparison, the Punjab government allocated Rs. 48.31 billion in to education (a notable increase from Rs. 23.31 billion in ). There are several grade conversion systems that exist which can provide a good approximation to the German grading scale. One such system used by most universities is the modified bavarian http://formula.As per the study conducted by WES, the average grade in Germany is approximately around 3.0 and below WES table converts a 3.0 to a B equivalent in the US. 01. Review of the National Curriculum Framework following the Consultation Process A Sustained Process of National Consultation Position of the Working Group after Analysis of the Feedback Received .1 A Framework for the National Curriculum .2 The Principles and Aims of the New National Curriculum Framework 5 Evaluation of the process of curriculum development plays a vital role in channelizing and keeping the direction of young generation on the desired way for the achievement of national objectives and keeping the system update respect to changing scenario of time. Pakistan itself was split into two parts in the east (East Bengal, which became Bangladesh in 1971) and in the west (western Punjab). This event was to result in the biggest mass migration in history. Over 18 million people migrated to join their particular religious majority. At least a million people died in communal violence in the process.School personnel, student attendance, and curriculum. States also determine the number of years of compulsory education: in most states, education is compulsory from five or six to sixteen; but in some states teens have to stay on in school until age 18. So, every state has great control over what is taught in its schools and over the requirements UK Degree Online. With online programs growing in popularity, this means the availability of top-notch online programs is also on the rise. If you want to obtain a UK accredited degree without having to relocate to the United Kingdom, choosing to study online is a good option for you.Project and Program Evaluation is on the Rise The growth rate of program evaluation jobs reflects the relatively new status quo of transparency and accountability in spending that’s taken hold in government, nonprofit, and commercial organizations across the globe. In the D.C. Area, social science positions will see a 29 percent growth rate from . Nationwide, that number is still ...Complete and submit your application online and we will assist you through the pre-departure process. Send all application materials to: ISA Degree Programs N. Pecos Street, Suite 320 Westminster, CO . ... Has led to the School being rated the best in the United Kingdom for the quality of its BA(Hons) in Primary Teaching. Executive summary 1 Executive summary Focus of the review This rigorous literature review, commissioned by the Department for International Development (DfID), UK, focused on pedagogy, curriculum, teaching practices and teacher The HERS (Home Energy Rating System) Index allows buyers to compare the relative energy efficiency of different homes. The HERS Index home energy rating is determined by an independent RESNET-certified home energy rater ("Rater"). The lower a home's score, the more energy efficient it is in comparison to the HERS referenced home. Title: Curriculum Development Process in Pakistan 1 (No Transcript) 2 Curriculum Development Process in Pakistan 3 Introduction. Education plays a vital role in nation building. Federal Ministry of Education is responsible for the national cohesion, integration and preservation of the ideological foundation of the states. 4 Responsibilities MANAGEMENT OF CURRICULUM CHANGE: A CASE OF UNITED KINGDOM AND PAKISTAN By Dr. Muhammad Memon INTRODUCTION The history of curriculum change seems as long as that Of compulso- ry schooling, however, emphasis was given on 'prescriptive' and 'cen- tralized' model of curriculum change underlying the "top-down" approach by which changes are proposed by On January 13, 2020, The Independent Evaluation Group and the Independent Evaluation Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) marking the first step towards establishing a global partnership to support evaluation capacity development. Read more about the MoU. ECE is open for business! We understand that many plans are uncertain at this time. ECE® evaluation reports are valid for five years. If you are in the process of applying for an evaluation and considering delaying your plans, this is one step that you can complete, and the report will be ready and waiting for you when your plans become clear. Patient as teacher sessions contextualize learning, enhancing knowledge, communication, and participation of pharmacy students in the United Kingdom Andrew Martin Lunn, Ann Urmston, Steven Seymour, Andrea Manfrin J Educ Eval Health Prof. . Research article. May 20, 2020 4. Curriculum experts, Bureau of Curriculum, Jamshoro, Sindh 06 5. Curriculum experts, Bureau of Curriculum Development, Quetta, Balochistan. 05 Research Instruments Questionnaire was developed on the basis of related literature. Main feature of the curriculum process in the shape of objectives, content, methodology and evaluation Australian Curriculum primary school teaching resources for ACSIS041. Compare observations with those of othersOf the evaluation process. To that end, it begins by proposing a broad definition of the term . Curriculum evaluation. It then describes several evaluation models. It concludes by propos - ing a comprehensive and eclectic process that can be used to evaluate a field of study, which is perhaps the most difficult curricular element that ... Voting systems, or electoral systems, are the method by which we elect representatives. A voting system determines the rules on how we elect parties and candidates. The House of Commons, Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales, Northern Ireland … Teacher education in Pakistan is leaping into the future. This updated Scheme of Studies is the latest milestone in a journey that began in earnest in 2006 with the development of a National Curriculum, which was later augmented by the 2008 National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan and The United States, with less than 5 percent of the world’s population, has about 35–50 percent of the world’s civilian-owned guns, according to a report by the Switzerland-based Small Arms ... To Facilitate Institutions of Higher Learning to serve as an Engine of Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan Congressional Perspectives on U.S.-China Relations Wednesday, July 8 | 2:00pm - 3:00pm. Join USIP as we host the co-chairs of the U.S.-China Working Group, Rep. Rick Larsen (D-WA) and Rep. Darin LaHood (R-IL), for a conversation that explores key issues facing the U.S.-China relationship, shifting views in Congress on the topic, and the role of Congress in managing rising tensions and ... View Atif Ali’s profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Atif has 3 jobs listed on their profile. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Atif’s connections and … Types of monitoring vs. Evaluation 27 Participation 27 Monitoring vs. Evaluation 27 Process, outcomes and impact evaluation 28 Part 3: Planning an evaluation 31 Step 1: Setting the project goal and objectives 35 Using “If… then” logic 37 Step 2: Clarifying evaluation purpose and scope 38 The United Kingdom has a compulsory education for 14-16 years, while Pakistan has not any compulsory years of education at any level. One more prominent difference between Pakistan and the UK education system can be seen in regard to resources in state schools. Welcome to the Compass! The Compass is the new name of what was formerly called The Health COMpass. Our team of experienced Social and Behavior Change (SBC) professionals identifies the latest resources to help you enhance your projects, improve your skills, and review impactful projects from around the world. IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) describes this option as ‘useful when qualitatively assessing, for example, the services provided by the project, relationships between project stakeholders and the organisations of the implementing partners, local groups and the project team itself’ (IFAD Options for Monitoring and Evaluation, Annex D, page D 21). Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and in the financing of research and development.Article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. The parenting group format fosters peer support networks and shared learning. Trained Incredible Years ® facilitators use video clips of real-life situational vignettes to support the training and stimulate parenting group discussions and problem solving practices. Educational Evaluation is one of the growing concerns of higher Education institutions in Pakistan. Since it is relatively new and have been imbedded through higher education commission of Pakistan, there is a need to focus on various areas of Education - Education - The postindependence period in India: India and Pakistan were partitioned and given independence in 1947, after which there was remarkable improvement in scientific and technological education and research; illiteracy, however, remained high. The new constitution adopted by India did not change the overall administrative policy of the country.Btw, it's all about attitudes, not the bucks.God bless you :)