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My DCEU Plan.Here we go,Phase Zero: Show the world in which the heroes exist.Man Of Steel: Shows a world which doesn’t trust the motives of Superman so they decide to spy on him. But as we all know they fail.Batman V Superman: Introduces a world which doesn’t trust superheroes.Wonder Woman: Shows her past and shows that she has now given up on the world.Justice League: What all happened. What matters is that the Justice League was officially formed in the end.Phase 1: Introduces the heroes.Aquaman (2018)Shazam (2019)WW84 (2020)I want Maxwell Lord in this one as the main antagonist.4. The Batman (2021)I need the detective skills to be displayed here. So Black Mirror or Hush shall be fine as the source material.I hope they cast Matthew Daddario for Batman5. Aquaman Sequel (2021)I need Black Manta as the main antagonist and he shall kill queen Atlanta.6. Black Adam (2021)This is a sequel to Shazam (2019). I have Black Adam as the main antagonist and I need a superman cameo to help Shazam beat Black Adam.7. Flash (2022)I want Gorilla Grood played by Andy Serkis as the antagonist. And in the post credit it is revealed that Grood has contacted a certain genius scientist plus sociopath from the 25th century who was researching the speed force.8. Man Of Tomorrow (2022)This is the superman sequel we all need.Clark Kent is missing because Superman was kidnapped by a tyrant of a certain War-World who is known by the name Mongul.Superman fights his way up the ladder while gaining support from all the oppressed and starts a rebellion to eventually overthrow Mongul.In the end Superman faces off against Mongul who matched the Man of steel with his strength. But eventually Superman humiliates him and liberates all the slaves on the War World.Post Credit scene: A humiliated and now abandoned Mongul on a now empty War World goes into a chamber and finds a few miniaturised worlds. He then remembers the certain 12th level intellect super genius who traded him those worlds and who lives outside the time stream and Mongul decides to provide him intel about a planet named Earth to conquer.9. The Dark Knight Origins (2023)This will be more like a filler but it wont be boring by any means. It will act as a world expanding movie for Batman.This movie will be narrated by Alfred as a story to the audience.Director: Chad Stahelski (His work in John Wick at world building was remarkable)Main Cast:Alfred Pennyworth- Jeremy IronsBruce Wayne- Someone young looking as if in his 20s. ( most preferably Jeremy Irvine or Tyler Hoechlin)Ras Al Ghul- Ashraf Barhom or NaveenAndrewsTalia Al Ghul- Berenice MarloheRun time: 3 hours. But all the 3 hours will be worth it.Summary:First hourBruce travels through out the world from one university to another to learn all he can. He then goes to master his body. And in the end to finish his quest to learn things Bruce ends up with a super genius Russian Engineer. And after completing his journey to master his skills at science, engineering, deduction and tracking, Bruce finally ends up in the front door of 'Eth Alth'eban (the base of operation of the League Of Assassins) somewhere at the center of a maze of canyons somewhere in the desert of the Arabian peninsula.Second hourBruce starts to train with the league of assassins and starts climbing up the ranks. Ras recognises Bruce and another one named as Faris by the league to be the two most gifted and skilled students to have ever joined the league. Bruce and Talia, the elder daughter of Ras, develop an intimate relationship. Ras learns of the relation and he then decides to puts Bruce and Faris against each other in a bloody fight to death. The fight continues and Bruce is mostly overpowered by Faris. But eventually Bruce beats Faris but denies to take his life. Faris is excommunicated by the league and is humiliated. Faris is accompanied by a few of his followers in the league.Third hourRas then marries Bruce and Talia and chooses Bruce as his successor as the head of the Demon. Ras designates Bruce to lead his mission to overthrow the government of America and reform it in the image of the League to free it of all of its corruption by killing all the corrupt political and other influential figures. This is when Bruce learns the true nature of the league and its influence in all the historical events such as the fall of Roman empire, Spanish flu, etc. Bruce then decides to stop the league and eventually faces Ras in a fight in the middle of a lost city with thousands of members of league as audience that were designated on the mission. Ras is defeated for the first time in many centuries. Ras then gives up his powers as the head of the Demon but Bruce denies it because of their dark history and says, “I do not seek your power, Ras. But if you really want to give me something, give me your word that the league will always stay out my way… for it’s own good.” Ras, on his knees defeated, agrees. Bruce bids farewell to Talia, who was secretly with Bruce’s child, and decides to finally return to Gotham after 4 years.Mid Credit scene:Faris was walking in the middle of the windy desert when one of his followers hands him a mask to save himself from the sandy wind. Faris looks at it and says, “My name is not Faris. Faris was what they called me when I was just a horseman. My real name is lost in history. But I will return… as a Bane.”Post Credit scene:In present day: 10 years after Bruce returned to Gotham.NASA detects an asteroid that enters the solar system but decides to ignore it as it does not intersect with the path of Earths orbit.But in the Batcave, Batman finds out that it was not an asteroid but a space ship that is quiet reminiscent of a skull.10. Justice League (2024)Director: Steven SpielbergAntagonist: Brainiac played by Matt Damon or Jude LawCast addition:Martian Manhunter- Lance ReddickJohn Stuart- D.B. WoodsideNightwing- Finn WittrockMichael Holt- Nate ParkerPlot: Something quiet similar to Injustice 2 Video Game without Superman going crazy.Mid Credit scene:Batman along with a fellow scientist named Michael Holt re-creates the Phantom Zone teleporter using the knowledge from the crashed Kryptonian spaceship from Man of Steel and they banish an unconscious and out of commissioned Brainiac into the Phantom Zone.Post Credit scene:Bruce contacts Ray Palmer (the founder of Palmer Tech) to lead his scientists in their project at creating a conscious super Artificial Intelligence and decides to call in professor Michael Holt for assistance and code names the project as “Brother Eye”.Phase 2: Expansion of the DCEUThis Phase will be the longest and will mostly include introduction of new characters and their origins including new worlds.Green Lantern Corps (2025)A group of 3 new green lanterns led by John Stewart are facing Atrocitus while dealing with a malfunctioning Green Lantern Ring on a planet called MOGO.Post Credit:A transmission:Hal Jordan: So are you done with that Red Giant with anger issues?John: For now.Hal: Hmm okay that's reassuring.John: What about things on your end?Hal: Uhh… We are working on it.2. Nightwing (2025)This is kinda a grounded movieCast:Nightwing- Aaron JohnsonLory Elton- (idk directors pick)Huntress- (same again)Penguin- (…)Black Mask- (…)Block Buster- (…)Tim Drake- Dylan O’BrienPlot:Nightwing is dealing with Black Mask who has teamed up with BlockBuster. He comes across Lory, an old love interest, and is accompanied by Huntress.Nightwing calls Tim for a little help with a detective work and its a plot twist.3. The Reverse Flash (2026)Cast:Reverse Flash- James MarsdenPlot:Barry joins star lab under the recommendation of Batman after Bruce Wayne took over Star Lab and started funding for researching the speed force.Barry reveals his identity as the flash to Dr. Stones.When they access the speed force they receive a message from the speed force that says them to open a portal to the speed force.When Cyborg opens a boom tube to the speed force, an explosion blasts off. When the dust settles a guy walks out of the smoke and calls himself Eobard Thawne and attacks Barry Allen, the Flash. Eobard basically out-fasts Barry all the time and shatters his knee joint and dislocates his elbow and beats Barry to a point he is left unconscious.When Barry gains his senses, Dr. Michael Holt reaches Star Labs and joins them as a freelancer who was recommended by Bruce Wayne.Michael starts his work and helps Barry and Dr. Silas to study the speed force for a month and then they proceed to help Barry catching up to Eobard’s speed.Finally Barry matches Thawne and with the help of Star Labs and Michael capture him.Post Credit Scene:Barry interrogates ThawneBarry: When are you from?Thawne: I’m from the 25th Century Mr. Allen.Barry: Then why are you here? Is star bucks no longer a thing in the 25th century?Thawne: hahaha Mr. Allen you are funny but can drop that charade. We both know what you’ve lost.Barry:…Thawne: And to answer your question, I am here to help you with your research.Barry: I felt that… it didn’t really felt so well.Thawne: I hope we will get past that. Maybe I can give you a way to make you feel better.Barry: What do you mean?Thawne: Not everyone can outrun their past. But we are not everyone.Barry: What are you getting at?Thawne: Time Travelling Mr. Allen. Time Travelling.4. Supergirl (2026)Cast:Supergirl- Virginia GardnerRun time: 1 hour 45 minutesPlot:The movie will be based on Superman/Batman #8 #9 #10 #11 #12Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman and Cyborg reach Apocalypse.But when they reach apocalypse, they never see Darkseid. Batman gets close to Darkseid but he just has a conversation with him but never gets to see him. All he sees is the silhouette of Darkseid.And in the end everyone safely returns to Earth.Mid Credit:Superman introduces Kara to Martha.Post Credit:Dr. Michael Holt is working on some hovering spheres but decides to call Barry to check on his progress with his study and research on speed force with Thawne.5. Green Lantern (2027)Cast:Hal Jordan- Jamie Dornan/ Tom CruiseSinestro- Luke EvansPlot:(I’ll think about this later. I am having no idea of this right now. The plot will be centred around Hal and Sinestro)Post Credit:John Stewart returns to Earth.6. Flashpoint (2027)Cast:Flashpoint Batman- Jeffery Dean MorganFlashpoint Joker- Lauren CohanPlot:Quiet similar to the DC animated movie, Justice League: Flashpoint Paradox. But some changes due to lack of characters.Climax: Barry hands over a letter written by Thomas to Bruce.Mid Credit:A guy in a train going to central city finds something odd about himself and thinks that the world around him has started to slow down at times lately.Post Credit:(Flashback)Jason Todd wakes up in his grave 6 feet under the ground in the burial ground in Eth Alth'eban.7 Batman: The Red Hood (2028)Director: Matt ReevesCast:Jason Todd/ Red Hood- Aaron Tayler-JohnsonPlot:Something similar to the animated movie, Batman: Under the Red Hood. But I am sure if its Matt Reeves, he will definitely tweak it to something outstanding.Mid Credit:Jason escapes Arkham Asylum.Post Credit:Alexander Luthor Jr. gets a report that his research named Bizarro has been successfully completed but the subject has gone missing.8. The Wonder Woman (2028)Director: Kathryn BigelowPlot:Set in present day with Veronica Cale as the main antagonist with a plot inspired from Godwatch.Post Credit:Artemis abandons her home to deliver Justice in her own way.9. Green Arrow (2028)Director: Matt RossCast:Oliver Queen- Charlie HunnamBlack Cannery- Lili SimmonsPlot:Use Green Arrow (2016) as source material.Mid Credit:The Green Arrow is reached by Superman.Post Credit:A bus is hijacked in the middle of a valley by a gang of 30 bandits and Jason wakes up and waves to the lady next to him who on being asked about her name replies Artemis and explains him the scenario. Jason sighs and reaches for his bag to get his mask.10. Justice Society? (2029) (Yes this movie’s name has a question mark) (Filler Movie)Cast:Ray Palmer- Brandon Routh (Please)Michael Holt- Nate ParkerBooster Gold/Michael Carter- Matt BomerTed Kord- Callan McAuliffeWally West- Ezra Miller (yes I think that Ezra Miller makes a better Wally than a Barry)Ryan Choi- (some young Asian actor around 20 years old)Plot:Billionaire businessman, inventor, scientist and part time professor Ray Palmer in IVY University, gives an opportunity to his prodigal student, Ryan Choi to join a science summer programme in his multi-billion dollar company that is known by the name Palmer Tech. Ryan joins a programme led by the super-genius polymath Dr. Michael Holt. Ryan meets his team which consists of two other fellow genius teenager Ted Kord and Tim Drake. The team decides to work on one of Michael’s latest projects and end up picking on helping Michael with his research on “Tachyon based Communication”.While working on their project they send a message in the time stream which was picked by two characters who go by the name Michael Carter and Bart Allen.The team soon adds on another member on their project, who’s suggested by STAR LABS, to engineer a device after they completed their research. Wally West joins the team and they get along.Wally meets with an accident during their research. Bart explains that only a highly accelerated regenerative factor like the one bestowed by the speed force can help Wally. So Bart helps Michael to subject Wally to the speed force.Mid Credit:Bart decides to return back to his timeline while Carter decides to take up he name Booster Gold and start his own superhero career.11. Red Hood (2029)Director: Zack Snyder (This is the kind of movie he shall make. Dark, Violent and filled with bloody action)Cast:Red Hood- Aaron Taylor-JohnsonArtemis- Elizabeth DebickiBizarro- Aidan TurnerRoy Harper- Dacre MontgomerySource Material: Redhood and the outlaws (2016)Mid Credit clip (3 to 7 minutes long)Roy with Dick walk into a bar while Dick was talking with Bruce about initiating a team containing gifted teenagers (Ted Kord, Wally West and a mutant named Garfield Logan).All of a sudden he hears an explosion on the road. He rushes out and sees a girl with emerald eyes overpowered while fighting 5 aliens.Dick instantly realises that he can easily be overpowered by the characters in the conflict but he can outsmart them. With a mix of his custom arsenal that comprise of his self made signature batarangs and escrima he makes quick work on the 5 alien humanoids in a matter of less than a minute.The alien girl then approaches Dick and engages in a long kisse and then speaks her first words in English. She says, “My name is Koraind’r. I am the princess of Tamaran. My kind can learn the language of another by the act of kissing.” Dick then grasps the situation. Roy in the background interferes them and mockingly says, “I know Spanish… just in case you have plans on taking a vacation at Ibiza anytime here.”12. The Titans (2030)Director: Matt RossCast:Dick Grayson (Nightwing)- Aaron Taylor-JohnsonStarfire- …Ted Kord- Cakkan McAuliffeWally West- Ezra MillerGarfield Logan- Austin AbramsBrother Blood- …Plot:(The plot will revolve around how Dick helps Kory to settle in Earth to live a normal life as a superhero. They both work together to gather Ted, Wally and Garfield. Wally discovers his symptoms were actually the result of his exposure to the speed force due the events of Flashpoint. The team deals with Black mask.)Mid Credit:Wally reaches out to the Flash to understand his connection with the speed force.Post Credit:(A hint to introduce Raven and a character named Triagon.)13. The Terrific (2030) (Filler)Director: Steven S. DeKnightRuntime: 70 minutes.Cast:Michael Holt- Nate ParkerPaula Holt- …Plastic Man- Bill HaderPlot:The Plot revolves around the origin of Michael Holt. His childhood as an exceptionally gifted super-genius child with an IQ of 267 who decides to put his genius and passion to something good towards the world. He grows up to be the only person to have 14 PhD’s and also holds a Olympic Gold Medal in Decathlon. Michaels parents die in a plane crash caused by terrorists. As Michael was slipping into chronic depression, he meets a gentle lady named Paula who becomes his Psychiatrist. Whom gets married to and they live a happy life. Michael decides to become an entrepreneur and starts his tech-startup which soon becomes a multi-billion dollar company in a matter of 18 months and he becomes a billionaire. Michael lives a happy and successful life. When Paula was pregnant with their child, she was unfortunately killed in a car accident. Michael is driven into severe depression and one night he decides to eventually commit suicide.Michael holds a meeting with Bruce Wayne, the one person whom he respected the most because of his charitable nature and goal to drive humans towards a sustainable future, to make his company a subsidiary of Wayne’s Empire. Bruce aware of Michael’s situation, realises his motives.That night after the meeting Michael goes up to the roof of his building to jump off and kill himself. But just then he is confronted by Batman. Michael, who detested Batman, was disturbed by his intervention. But Batman talks with Michael and then convinces him that he understands Michael’s pain. Michael disturbed by Batman’s presence says that he, being a person who just brings harm upon others is in no position to understand his pain. To which Batman reveals his identity and leaves Michael flabbergasted. Bruce then explains Michael his intentions and reasons to become the Batman. Bruce puts on his mask again and as Batman, he convinces that he and Michael have the potential to do something greater than what he is aware of. He tells Michael that his life is more than what he sees it to be and shouldn’t just end it because he has lost his beloved ones and says that this would have never made anyone who loved him feel any good, instead it would break them if they were with him.Michael then saw his life in a new light and decides to put his knowledge to something beyond himself.Mid Credit:Michael goes back to his life, now without anyone he loved, but with a vision do put his brains to do things bigger than what he had ever dreamt of.End Credit:Michael gets an invite to Palmer Tech to lead a team of teenagers to lead them in their summer project.14. Lex Luthor: Man Of Steel (2030) (Filler)Director: Amma AsanteRuntime: 90 minutes.Cast:Alexander Luthor Jr. - Jesse EisenbergLex Luthor- Michael FassbenderSuperman- Henry CavilPlot:Alexander Luthor Jr. now out of prison, holds a press meet in which he addresses the press and makes his resignation public and calls upon the stage his father, Lex Luthor (Michael Fassbender) and hands over his position as the CEO of Lex Corps to Lex.(The plot is then based on the comic, Lex Luthor: Man Of Steel)Climax: Lex comes face to face with Superman.Mid Credit:Lex Luthor studies Superman’s Kryptonian DNA and starts a project under one of his subsidiaries, Cadmus.Post Credit:Batman is talking to Nightwing where they discuss the funding to which Bruce agrees to fund them 20 Billion Dollars for the first year to set up their base of operations and required assets for work and research in New York, San Francisco. Bruce then resumes to his work on designing a project codenamed “WATCHTOWER” along with Michael Holt and Ray Palmer.15. Son Of Batman (2030)Screen Writer: Grant MorrisonDirector: Matt ReevesRuntime: 2 hours 30 minutes.Cast:Batman- Matthew DaddarioAlfred- Jeremy IronsRobin (Tim Drake)- Dylan O’BrianTalia Al Ghul- Berenice MarloheSource: Batman and Son (Comic) and Son Of Batman (Animated Movie)The Comic:https://readcomiconline.to/Comic/Batman-Batman-and-Son/Full?id=71541Mid Credit:Bruce decides to send Damian to join the Teen Titans.16. Titans (2031)Director: Joss WhedonScreenplay Writer: Alan Burnett and Bryan Q MillerCast:Raven- …Plot:(Similar to Justice League vs Teen Titans)Mid Credit:Teen Titans are eating Pizza and Nightwing proposes Starfire for a live-in relationship.Post Credit:The Justice League successfully launch their new base of operations, the Watchtower.17. The Atom (2031) (Filler)Director: Todd PhillipsGenre: Biographical and Comedy-Thriller.Runtime: 120 minutes.Cast:Ray Palmer- Brandon Routh (Please)Ryan Choi- (some young Asian actor around 20 years old)Plot:Act 1: Introduction (First 15 minutes)Ray Palmer’s childhood as a genius prodigy who was basically always living an aimless and hopeless life and just studied as well as he could force himself to convince his parents that their money wasn’t just going to the institutions with nothing getting done by a young Raymond.Ray gets into the IVY University at a young age of 10. Though he thinks he doesn’t try anything more than the effort he puts in swatting a fly, his professors are genuinely convinced that the kid has an IQ of over 200 and is in the leagues of the likes of Einstein and Tesla if not above.Raymond gets his Masters in Engineering and Physics done by the age of 13 and holds 3 PhD’s in Physics by the age of 16.Ray begins his research on Matter Manipulation and shares a room with 3 other peers. While they were watching Game of Thrones and busy playing the 50th season of Fortnite, Ray was taking him time to understand the space-time continuum. But Ray got bored when he was stuck at a problem for a week and decided to just move on.Ray quits the University after his third doctorate when he loses his interest in learning anything more. He decides to start his own start up to solve as many problems as he can.Act 2: PlotRay is now 21 years old and runs a multi-billion dollar company that goes by the name “Palmer Tech” which rivals the company of Simon Stagg. Lost again, Ray starts studying as much as he can to learn what all is happening in the world of science.In a matter of 2 more years when Ray feels that he has had enough with his rivalling company run by Simon who constantly tries to absorb Palmer Tech. Ray has a meeting with Simon to decide the future of his company but Ray thinks its best to take a break and do something with a bunch of friends, Ray reaches to his old friends from his Uni days to take a vacation in Thailand and then go for the meeting with a cool and less bored head.Ray and his friends are then kidnapped by a criminal organisation which was hired by Simon.(Now this is a Todd Phillip movie which consists of a trip and a bunch of missing people. We know how good he is with things like this cough Hangover cough.)Act 3: Face Off with the antagonistRay and his friends escape their kidnapers and finally safely get back to their old lives.Ray and Simon are at the meeting which ends up in favour of Ray and he defends his company from being absorbed by Simons.Ray then talks with Simon in private and at that moment he reveals him that Ray knew it was Simon who had planned to kidnap him just to win this deal and take over Palmer Tech. Ray leaves laughing and leaves Simon baffled and calls him a coward as he knew that he could never outsmart Ray enough to take his company. Ray decides to complete his last research and not do anything else unless he has done his work.Mid Credit:Ray, after completing his research, receives his fourth PhD and thinks he has had done all his work for science and now he can feel satisfied with his works. He ends up joining the same University again but this time as a professor who’s just 23.Post Credit:Ray gets a bunch of answer sheets for his conducted test. But for the first time after 3 years someone scores full marks with many answers in more than one approach. Ray who’s quiet excited, looks for the name and finds it to be a teenager who goes by the name Ryan Choi.18. Justice League: Doom (2031)Screenplay: Dwayne McDuffieDirector: George MillerCast:Vandal Savage- Javier BardemPlot:(similar to the animated movie, Justice League Doom)Climax:Vandal Savage was being moved to a prison codenamed Belle Reve hidden somewhere in the Antarctic.Mid Credit Scene:Batman’s been removed from the Justice League. Superman pays a visit to Batman before he leaves the Watchtower and asks him about his contingency plan to take down himself if he ever goes rogue. To which he replies, “it’s the Justice League.” Superman then hands Batman a piece of Kryptonite and Batman teleports off of the Watchtower.Post Credit:Ray and Michael team up to study the Microverse, which is the foundation of all reality, which Ray discovered while working on his matter shrinking technology when he shrunk beyond the sub-atomic level into the nano-structure of space-time continuum.Phase 3:Goal: To Establish The Cosmic Threat that Darkseid’s goal is.Around 10 to 12 Movies.1. Batman: The Court Of Owls (2032)I quote: “This is the Ultimate Conclusion to a Batman Trilogy.”Source Material:2012 Comic: Batman: Court of owlsScript Writer: Scott SnyderDirector: Matt ReevesRuntime: 3 Hours (2 intervals)The Source Material (Link): https://readcomiconline.to/Comic/Batman-The-Court-of-Owls/Full?id=77351This is a must read comic.It covers all the aspects of the character. Batman’s physical limits and mental powers are perfectly portrayed in this series.Mid Credit Scene:Bruce is sitting in front of his computer and pondering upon his deeds. He then receives an email from the Justice League requesting to choose someone to fill the vacancy created when he left.Bruce then appoints Nightwing to lead the Justice league thereafter.Note: In my opinion, if this movie is done right, it will easily gross well above the 1 billion dollar margin in no time.2. Superboy (2032)Runtime: 1 hour and 30 minutesPlot (very briefly explained):The Teen Titans suspect the activities of Cadmus and Tim Drake starts his investigation upon their works.The Titans then infiltrate the Cadmus facility and they face off against a clone of Superman which went berserk and was overpowering the Titans.The Titans eventually manage to incapacitate the clone.Climax: Superman takes in the clone as his family and introduces him to his mother, Martha.Mid Credit:Tim Drake exposes the works of Lex Luthor and Lex Luthor is put in house arrest.3. Justice League: Despero (2033)Director: Joss WhedonRuntime: 2 hours 30 minutes.Source Material: Justice League Of America (1960)Plot (briefly explained):On Despero's home world of Kalanor, the people of the world were much like humans but with much better technology. They were able to develop a nuclear energy source of incredible power. Many thought this new power was dangerous but the warnings were ignored and the planet was ravaged by high energy plasmas. Most of the species of Kalanor were eradicated, but those that survived were mutated into entirely different beings. Despero's race emerged and quickly became dominant through telepathic subjugation of the other species. There was much unrest on Kalanor and war brought out with Despero's father coming out the victor. When Despero was of age, he killed his father and took control of Kalanor.Despero appears on the WatchTower and shoots Martian Manhunter with a posisoned bullet to shut down his telekinetic powers. Despero then enslaved the Justice League with his mental abilities. The Flash and Nightwing managed to escape Desperos mental assault by the help of Martian Manhunter when he tried his best to shield them from Despero’s mind attack. Then soon Flash and Nightwing face Despero. Despero forced Flash to a chess like game with the stakes being the fate of his friends. Despero used his hypnotic powers to trick the Flash into losing. Nightwing, who was watching in the shadows, was able to foil Despero's plot by freeing the League. Despero then escapes.Mid Credit:Justice League is eating Pizza with the Teen Titans now lead by Starfire as Nightwing now leads Justice League. Superman appoints Cyborg to assist the Titans.Post Credit:Despreo’s ship is moving through empty space.The ship is then attacked by a swarm of millions of Parademons and the ship left heavily damaged in no time.The inside of the ship is blood stained with the blood of all of Despero’s allies.Darkseid then walks towards a bloodied Despero, standing atop a large number of dead parademons, and says, “I am Utterly Disappointed.”. He then proceeds to blast Despero with a single Omega Beam and destroys Despero along with his Planet sized ship in just one blast.4. Red Robin (2033)Source Material: Red Robin #9-12, Batgirl #8 "Collision"Director: Edgar WrightRuntime: 2 hoursMid Credit Scene:Drake reaches his apartment with a bandaged arm with Stephenie and checks his computer to find a mail by Bruce in which he appoints him as the next Batman.5. The Outlaws (2033)Director: Joss WhedonSource Material: Red Hood And The Outlaws (2011)Runtime: 2 hoursMid Credit Scene:Jason is lying on his bed in his apartment poisoned and weak. He wakes up to find Bruce sitting next to him on a chair.Jason: What do you need, Bruce?Bruce: I know I have failed you.Jason: You should.Bruce: Hmm.Jason: (Shouts) Should I have been in your place and Joker had killed you, I’d have searched the world to find that murdering psychopath to tear him to pieces. My death didn’t hurt me as much as it did when I knew that he was still walking around after what he did!Bruce: I am sorry Jason. The world might see you as a criminal but the truth is, I am not half as good as you are in your heart. I am nothing like a father figure to you anymore. But still, I wish you can give me a chance to make it up to you one last time.Jason: That’s where you are wrong… dad.Bruce hugs an emotional Jason.6. Teen Titans: The Judas Contract (2033)Source Material: Teen Titans The Judas Contract (Comics) and Teen Titans The Judas Contract (Animated Movie)Director: Joss WhedonRuntime: 2 hours.7. Flash: The Rogues (2033)Runtime: 2 HoursPlot:Barry, after dealing with the mistakes that were caused due to the events of the Flashpoint, starts living a normal life but deep within is haunted by the dark and gritty things that were unfolded then.Wally, who is still fresh to the life of a speedster, reaches Barry to help him understand his gifts so that he can fit into the life of a speedster.Barry takes Wally under his wing and starts training him in the ways of a speedster along with his friends at Star Labs.But when Barry thought that he has set the problems of the Flashpoint right, a groups of superpowered villains show up. They call themselves Weather Wizard, Heatwave, Mirror Master and their leader, Captain Cold.Barry whilst still guiding Wally manages to capture Heatwave and then interrogates him to find out that al of these were superpowered villains are now emerging as the results of their late blooming powers caused due to the changes that have occurred in the timeline due to Flashpoint.Wally then convinces Barry to help him set these things right. Though Barry who was worried about the lack of experience of Wally resulting him in trying to keep Wally away from causing any harm to himself eventually agrees to let Wally help.Barry and Wally team up to capture the Rogues, which the group of meta-humans call themselves.Climax:Barry ponders upon what all have unfolded so long after the Flashpoint and thinks that more of these can unfold in the coming future. Barry then decides to study the science of the speedforce.Mid Credit:Barry, who now recognises the potential of Wally, decides that it’s time for his to pass on the torch as a member of the Justice Leage to Wally and leave to study the Speedforce.Barry sends a message to the Justice League stating that he now resigns and suggests the Justice League to appoint Wally to fill in the void created by Barry.Post Credit:Michael and Ray reach Barry and on his request they decide to help him enter the realm of speedforce, which exists outside the Multiverse.8. Green Lantern: Emerald Twilight (2034)Runtime: 2 Hours and 30 Minutes.Source Material:Green Lantern: Emerald Twilight/New DawnPlot:Emerald Twilight represents the moment Hal Jordan transformed from cocky hero to insane villain, Parallax. For that, Emerald Twilight is usually scoffed at for being a story that forgoes Hal Jordan's legacy to instead give the DCU a new villain via heel turn. After witnessing Mongul destroy his home of Coast City, Hal Jordan attempts to use his power ring to permanently reconstruct the city.However, the Guardians of the Universe intervene and forbid Jordan from doing so, seeing as the act represents Jordan using his ring for personal gain; something that violates the principles of the Green Lantern Corps. Jordan freaks out and goes on a rampage, making a beeline for Oa and killing every Lantern that stands in his way, including Kilowog and brutally beats up Sinestro.This causes the Green Lantern Corps to fear the powers of Hal which eventually makes him a perfect host for Parallax. Hal succumbs to the influence of Parallax and becomes a host of the entity of fear.Hal then faces off against 4 guardians accompanied by John Stuart and Kyle Rayner. After quiet a one-sided battle, the group of Green Lanterns finally manage to pull a victory when Sodam Yat, powered by the Ion Entity, joins them.Emerald Twilight still represents an important moment in Green Lantern lore; it's the beginning of a ceremonial torch passing to the man who would pick up the power ring in Jordan's wake, Kyle Rayner -- the universe's last Green Lantern.So if you want to see how the ball got rolling for the current Lantern landscape, the Green Lantern: Emerald Twilight.Mid Credit Scene:Hal Jordan is no longer the Green Lantern. Instead he is imprisoned.9. Aquaman: Black Manta Returns (2034)Runtime: 2 HoursPlot:Black Manta now out of a coma, decides to end his conflict once and for all.Black Manta hires Captain Cold to infiltrate the Kord Industries to obtain the Blue Prints on the alien Scarab so that he can formulate his plans to kill Aquaman.Black Manta kills Arthur and Mera’s infant child and in a battle with Mera and Arthur, manages to cut off Arthurs hand and leaves him unarmed for a moment in which he tries to stab Arthur but Mera intervenes and stops the sword but Black Manta manages to take a blade and impales Mera with it. Mera with her hydrokinetic powers momentarily subdues Black Manta and Arthur easily chokes Black Manta to death.Climax:Mera, mortally wounded, has slipped into a coma. Arthur is devastated by his loss slips into chronic depression.Note: No mid creditPost Credit Scene:(Palace Of Darkseid in Apokalypse)Iluthin: The Lanterns are stunned, the Atlantean has fallen and the Speedster has abandoned Earth.Godfrey (Darkseids Manipulator): And the human (Batman)?Iluthin (Darkseids Assassin): We have no intel.Godfrey: The Kryptonian still remains.Kalibak (Darkseids Son): *Eating a Parademon* Not for long.Darkseid: And the Highfather?Godfrey: At this moment, the almighty Highfather is taking his last breath on his deathbed.Darkseid: Tell Steppenwolf that his exile has now come to an end. It is time.10. Justice League: Anti Life (May 2035)Cast:Lex Luthor- Michael FassbenderRuntime: 2 hours and 30 minutes or 3 Hours.Plot (very briefly explained):Darkseid attacks Oa and decimates it in no time. The Guardians instruct John Stuart to head towards Earth to warn the heroes of the impending doom.John reaches Earth mortally wounded. The League help him stabilise. John then explains what horrors occurred on Oa when Darkseid attacked with his billion parademons led by 4 of his elites. The Guardians stated that Darkseid was the god who was prophesised as the end of the multiverse if not stopped before accomplishing his goal.The Justice League comprising of Superman, Wonder Woman, Wally West, Shazam and Aquaman led by Nightwing at the moment, on acknowledging the cosmic threat of Darkseid, decide to go to any length possible to halt Darkseid.Nightwing then decides to meet Lex Luthor, who was under house arrest, and ask for his assistance to formulate a plan and prepare the essentials to face off against Darkseid.Nightwind and Lex Luthor arrive on the watchtower.SUPERMAN: What exactly are you planning on doing, Nightwing?NIGHTWING: Lex is the smartest human on this planet. Michael and Raymond both are no longer among us, he might be our only hope at surviving what’s coming.SUPERMAN: I do not trust him.LEX: I am no fan of your work either, Kal-El or should I call you with your human identity, Clark Kent?WONDER WOMAN: How did you…?LEX: Don't be amazed yet. As a matter of fact I know who each and every one of you are. Diana Prince, Wally West, Richard Grayson, Billy Batson, Arthur Curry, Bruce Wayne and your refuge from mars, Jonn Jonzz. I have proven my deduction enough at this point. Though it took me a year to deduce the identity of the Dark Knight, I am more than capable of exposing your little house party secret or take down the lot of you in a ways specially designed.(Everyone looks shocked at Lex)LEX: If we have wasted substantial amount of time, shall we proceed?SUPERMAN: If you try to pull anything smart…LEX: You may think of me as a monster, but irrespective of any of personal opinions on me I am and will always be on the side of humanity. You are a hinderance to their progress but if it takes me to side with you to stop this… Darkseid, then so be it.SUPERMAN: Wally, lead him to our labs and grant him access to our inventories and assets. You are allowed to do as he demands as per his requirements to the job at hand but keep a close eye on him.WALLY: As you say, Superman.LEX: I suggest it would be better if you lower your satellite and keep it under the atmosphere above my penthouse in Metropolis. I need access to my lab to get things moving faster. I need access to all of the information I have extracted from the Kryptonian ship.WALLY: You have access to the Kryptonian ship?LEX: There are perks to being the second richest man alive with a net worth of over 300 Billion.WALLY: Alright…With the gathered knowledge from the Kryptonian ship, Lex learns of the origin of the New God Darkseid and the anti life equation.Kalibak arrives in New York and faces off against the Titans which comprises of Cyborg, Starfire, Raven, Superboy, Arsenal, Bizarro and Artemis.Kalibak easily manhandles the Titans with relative ease and proceeds put them out of commission in not much time.Kalibak leaves the place with half of the city looking as if it was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 12.Wonder Woman arrives in Atlantis to converse with Arthur and seek for his help in the impending war against the forces of apocalypse.The Justice League receives a message from Cyborg in which he conveys that Starfire, Raven, Superboy, Bizarro and Artemis were severely injured and out of commission.(Darkseid arrives on Culu (Brainiacs home world))Darkseid then starts slaughtering Culu while he proceeds to go through all the knowledge on the Anti_Life Equation gathered by the Culuans in the past 1 Billion year. He there finds the location of the realm known by the name, graveyard of gods, where the remains of an incomplete Anti-Life Equation by an ancient god, now diseased, were left.He faces against 3 Green Lanterns led by Kyle Rayner but instantly destroys Culu with a fully powered omega beam.(A fragment of Darkseid then arrives in the realm, Graveyard of gods)Darkseid then comes face to face with the spirit of Yuga Khan.YUGA KHAN: So you have finally arrived, Uxas.DARKSEID: So it was you, Father.YUGA KHAN: I am aware you are known by a different name now.DARKSEID: Hmm…YUGA KHAN: The name you took when you killed me and my son and took all of the power of the omega effect for yourself to create that hellish world, Apokalypse.DARKSEID: You will be surprised to know, he lives. But not for long. He is taking his last breath on his death bed.YUGA KHAN: Hmm. Why are you here?DARKSEID: The Anti-Life Equation.YUGA KHAN: *shocked* What? How did you acquire knowledge regarding that?DARKSEID: I have my ways.YUGA KHAN: NO! YOU CAN NOT ACQUIRE THE EQUATION!DARKSEID: I am not here for a talk. I have a universe to conquer now.Darkseid then invades the manifested living conscious of his dead father. And starts going through his memories.Darkseid is startled when suddenly thrust upon by the mind of his father and moments later he finds what he needed.With just an incomplete Equation in hi possession, Darkseid comes to know that Yuga Khan worked alongside a Kryptonian known by the name Jor-El to create the equation.Darkseid travels to Krypton back in time to hours before the destruction of Krypton.(On Earth)Lex and Kal-El then come face to face with Jor-El’s conscious which existed as an artificial intelligence on the Kryptonian ship.Jor-El then comes to know of the situation with Darkseid. Jor-El then shares his research on the Anti-Life Equation with Lex.Lex, now aware of the gravity of the situation, realises that there is no time to prepare to win the battle as they will surely lose it. Lex instead proceeds to learn the effects of the Anti Life Equation and plans a way to formulate a method to shield one from it’s effects in case Darkseid successfully uses it.The Watchtower detects a wormhole in space near Earth which then starts deploying space ships filled with tens of thousands of parademons.(in the Batcave)Tim Drake reads a documented video of Bruce where he explains his nightmare in which he meets flash (Batman v Superman).Tim then shares this detail with Nightwing abroad the watchtower who then takes Lois Lane on the watchtower.Nightwing then instructs Tim to go to Lex’s lab and take Barbara along.(In the Watchtower)Wonder Woman, Cyborg and Nightwing accompanied by Damian are on the watchtower where they are supposed to assist the battle which would proceed on Earth.(Battle on Earth)Superman, Wally, Aquaman, John Stuart and Shazam and the heavy hitters from Titans comprising of Starfire, Bizarro, Superboy and Artemis accompanied by the Atlantean Army and Amazons face off against all the parademons lead by Kalibak and Steppenwolf in an evacuated metropolis.As the war proceeds with the heroes being at a disadvantage in the start.(In the Monastery where Bruce and Jason have reached, unaware of the ensuing situation)Iluthin shows up with 8 furies.(Furies are the gladiators of Apokalypse)Iluthin: At last, I have found you. Darkseid will be pleased to know that you have fallen....(conversation between Iluthin, Bruce and Jason).Iluthin leaves the place.Bruce and Jason start battle the furies.The fight starts off one sided with the Furies having the advantage.Bruce finds his weapons and Jason with his All-Blades continue the battle with a subtle advantage.Bruce and Jason manage to take down 4 furies.But when 2 furies immobilise Jason and one is about to stab Jason, Bruce intervenes and manages to kill 2 of the furies and saves Jason but is mortally wounded.Jason then kills the 2 other furies but even he is left impaled by them.Jason and Bruce both bleed to death.(Krypton: Just before its destruction)Darkseid along with Godfrey and Iluthin arrives on Krypton with a Billion Parademons which are attacked by the forces of Krypton. Godfrey and Iluthin then lead the Parademons against the Kryptonians.As the war proceeds on the surface of Krypton, Darkseid walks into a labyrinth to reach the core of Krypton where an incomplete Anti-Life Equation had manifested itself as something that appeared to be a conscious being.Darkseid then absorbs the conscious manifestation of the Equation and with the Equation finally in his possession, Darkseid then reaches the surface to look at the aftermath of the war that had just ended with all of the forces of Krypton and all the Parademons dead only leaving Godfrey and Iluthin standing.Darkseid then commands his elites to leave Krypton and help their allies on Earth in the battle. The elites comply.Darkseid, with a grin on his face, destroys Krypton with a full powered Omega Beam. (It was daekseid who destroyed Krypton in the DCEU)(On The Watchtower)Iluthin and Godfrey arrive on the Watchtower through a boomtube with 5 furies accompanying them.GODFREY: I am here to give you the honour to join the mighty Darkseid moments before he destroys your dying world....(some conversation thread between the elites and the members of Justice League abroad the watchtower)..Wonder Woman is evenly matched by the 3 furies.Cyborg and Martian Manhunter battle Godfrey and proceed to the battlefield to join the ongoing war.Iluthin engages in a fight with Nightwing and Damian.The damage caused by the fight between the Furies and Wonder woman damages the watchtower and it starts descending from the sky.Damian and Nightwing manage to make the fight even with Iluthin. Amidst the descension of the watchtower, Damian manages to mortally wound Iluthin by stabbing him with his own blade.(the watchtower lands in Metropolis while the battle is about to end)Nightwing is left wounded but Damian manages to sever the head of Iluthin.Wonderwoman manages to kill all the 5 furies.The Titans are down and out of commission but managed to take down Steppenwolf.Superman, Shazam, Aquaman and Wally are battling a weakened Kalibak and momentarily manage to immobilize him.Wonderwoman joins the fight and severs the head of Kalibak.The Titans led by Cyborg head to Lex Luthor’s Lab.Superman, Martian Manhunter, Wally, Diana, John Stuart, Nightwing and Damian head to the damaged watchtower.Darkseid arrives on the watchtower with the almost complete Anti-Life Equation.(In Lex Luthor’s Lab)The Titans, Shazam, Aquaman, John Stuart and Cyborg Arrive at Lex’s LabLex and Tim Drake get to know that Darkseid has arrived on Earth.Lex gets to know that Bruce and Jason have died but decides to keep it to himself.Lex with no other option, risking the fact that it might mess all of the timeline, contacts Booster Gold.Lex hands Booster Gold a timer and strictly and specifically instructs Booster Gold to do a job, which needs to be completed before the time ends, and hands him a box to open it after completing his job successfully.Booster Gold Leaves.(In the damaged watchtower)Wonder Woman charges on Darkseid but is knocked out cold by an omega beam intended to knock her out and throwing her miles away from the Watchtower.Darkseid then uses the Anti-Life Equation on the whole Universe just leaving the characters in the Watchtower.(In Lex’s Lab)Lex, Tim, Barbara, Cyborg and the Titans (Superboy, Starfire, Raven, Artemis, Bizarro) enter a dimension Lex created using the Kryptonian technology used in creating the Phantom Zone to save themselves from the effects of the Anti-Life Wave.(In the Watchtower)Now with his powers amped by Anti-Life, Darkseid creates a miniature Red Sun that weaken Superman to the point that he is only a human.Darkseid commands a bunch of people to immobilise Superman and then when Superman is helpless, Darkseid kills Lois by choking her to death, in front of Clark.(Ignore the speech bubbles)Superman now mentally broken is approached by Godfrey who can now easily manipulate him and make him susceptible to the Anti-Life.Darkseid then acknowledges the skill of Damian as he was chiefly the one who took out Iluthin. uses the Anti-Life and turns Damian to his side.Damian then Shoots Wally in his knees and immobilizes him.Darkseid then uses the equation to turn Wally into the evil Black Racer.Just before Darkseid was about to do use the equation on Jonn, Dick shoots Jonn in the head with a bullet designed to damage Martian cells (like Kryptonite damages Kryptonians) which passes through the head of Jonn.Damian then picks up a gun and shoots Dick in the head.Darkseid finally uses the Anti-Life to corrupt Superman.Darkseid then summons the Motherboxes and hands them over to Steppenwolf who completes his goal by turning Earth into a hellish world similar to Apokalypse.Mid Credit Scene:Earth has become similar to the Nightmare of Batman in Batman Vs. Superman and Superman, now an elite of Darkseid, rules Earth.Post Credit Scene:(Booster Gold, with Ted Kord, arrives in the MONASTERY just after Iluthin left.)11. COUNTDOWN(December 2035)Runtime: 2 HoursPlot:AUTHORS NOTE:THIS IS ALL I CAN COME UP WITH IN 24 HOURS.I, AT LEAST, NEED A MONTH TO THINK ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS IN THE NEXT 2 MOVIES.THE NEXT 2 MOVIES WILL MAKE JUSTICE LEAGUE: ANTI-LIFE LOOK CUTE.THE THIRD PHASE WILL END WITH THE 12TH MOVIE.If you like this please Upvote, Share and Comment. You are welcome to submit any of your valuable suggestions for the next 2 Movies.Your support will motivate me to complete this as fast as possible..THANK YOU.

No. This was painted in 1878, by an Austrian artist. The artist hired an unknown studio model to pose for this painting and dressed him up in a costume to create this intriguing image of a powerful man; an imaginative fiction created by the artist.Even though the painting was inspired by real people and real places, the painting itself is an imaginative fiction created by the artist.The palace in the background is based on the Alhambra, a famous building in Granada, Spain, which was built in the 1200s and 1300s by Muslims from northwestern Africa, known as Moors, who ruled large parts of Spainhttps://philamuseum.org/doc_downloads/education/object_resources/102792.pdfThe Moorish Chief, 1878, by Eduard CharlemontPhiladelphia Museum of ArtThe Moorish Chief (originally titled The Guardian of the Seraglio), 1878.The Moorish Chief was purchased by Philadelphia lawyer and art collector, John G. Johnson, who in 1917 gifted his entire collection of European art to the city of Philadelphia. The collection now resides at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where The Moorish Chief has become one of the most beloved paintings in the museum. Charlemont achieved only moderate success as a painter in his lifetime and never became as well-known as many of his peers who also exhibited artworks at the annual Salon. In spite of this, more reproductions of The Moorish Chief are sold in the museum store than any other work of art in the collection, which speaks to the lasting power of this masterpiece.https://philamuseum.org/doc_downloads/education/object_resources/102792.pdfEduard Charlemont - WikipediaEduard Charlemont (Vienna 2 August 1848 – Vienna 7 February 1906) was an Austrian painter.Early lifeEduard Charlemont was born in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire in 1848. His father, Matthias Adolf Charlemont, was also a painter, specializing in painting miniature portraits. His younger brother Hugo Charlemont (1850–1939) was an equally famous impressionist painter. At the age of fifteen Charlemont exhibited his works for the first time at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, where he studied fine arts. At the same age Eduard Charlemont was also hired by a girls' school to teach drawing.List of Orientalist artistsList of Orientalist artists - Wikipedia[Very, very extensive list]Jean-Léon Gérôme, The Carpet Merchant, c. 1887John Frederick Lewis, The Reception, 1873Title Portrait of an Oriental manObject type paintingDate 1867Medium oil on canvasFile:Eduard Charlemont - Portrait of an Oriental man.jpgA Moorish Interior :: Rudolf ErnstRudolf Ernst (1854-1932) A Moorish InteriorOil on panel Private art collectionA Moorish Interior :: Rudolf Ernst - Arab women (Harem Life scenes) in art and painting[Painted late, another work of fiction, not to mention, shown in The Alhambra, which never existed then, and part of the early Moor presence in Spain, which would have been run by traditional Moors, not black Moors, unless, they were helpers, servants, or attendants, perhaps, anything of that nature, or indeed, common Moors/Muslims.]Women Of The Seraglio :: Narcisse-Virgile Dнaz de la PeсaNarcisse-Virgile Dнaz de la Peсa (1808-1876) Women Of The SeraglioOil on canvas, (43.2 x 63.5 cm)( 17 x 25 inch ) Private collectionWomen Of The Seraglio :: Narcisse-Virgile Dнaz de la Peсa - Arab women (Harem Life scenes) in art and paintingNarcisse Virgilio DíazDiaz, 1876-1884 Photograph, Woodburytype, 4 1/2 x 3 1/4 in. (11.43 x 8.25 cm)Narcisse Virgilio Díaz de la Peña (20 August 1807 – 18 November 1876) was a French painter of the Barbizon school.Diaz was born in Bordeaux to Spanish parents. At the age of ten, Diaz became an orphan, and misfortune dogged his early years. His foot was bitten by a reptile in Meudon wood, near Sèvres, where he had been taken to live with some friends of his mother. The bite was poorly dressed, and ultimately he lost his leg. However, as it turned out, the wooden stump that replaced his leg became famous.—-"The long and short of it"—-Abd el-Ouahed ben MessaoudAbd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud ben Mohammed Anoun ("Servant of The One, Son of Messaoud, Son of Mohammed Anoun") was principal secretary to the Moroccan ruler Mulay Ahmad al-Mansur, and ambassador to the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1600, whose primary task was to promote the establishment of an Anglo-Moroccan alliance.A reproduction of an Elizabethan painting of the Moorish ambassador who visited Queen Elizabeth I from Barbary in 1600 to propose an alliance against Spain. The original belongs to the collection of the University of Birmingham, England. It is the earliest surviving English portrait of a Muslim sitter. Inscriptions to the left: 1600 / Abdulguahid (Abd el-Ouahed). Aetatis (‘Age’): 42. Right: Legatus regis Barbariae in Angliam (‘ambassador of the king of Barbary to England’).[[ This imposing oil painting shows the Moroccan Ambassador who visited London in late 1600. Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud ben Mohammed Anoun (seen here aged 42) was part of a delegation of 17 men sent by the King of Barbary, a huge expanse of North Africa which includes modern-day Morocco. The group came to negotiate with Queen Elizabeth I about the possibility of a military alliance, combining English and African forces to conquer Spain.As a conspicuous party of high-profile Muslims (viewed at the time as ‘infidels’), they prompted some suspicion. At the same time, however, they allowed people to see the spectacle of respected noble Moors, who were well-treated by the English when it served their political ends.Did the Moroccan Ambassador influence Shakespeare’s Othello?The Africans stayed in England for six months, giving them the opportunity to attend the festivities that marked the anniversary of the Queen’s coronation in November 1600. They were even honoured with a specially-built viewing enclosure.The group probably remained in England over Christmas, which has led some critics to speculate that they may have witnessed a performance by Shakespeare’s company of players – the Lord Chamberlain’s Men – as part of the season’s celebrations. If so, Shakespeare would have had the chance to see the impressive North African party. The Moroccan Ambassador might have influenced the playwright’s complex portrayal of Othello the noble Moor – who encounters deep prejudice as an outsider in Venice, but is highly valued for his military expertise when it serves Venetian interests.-The Prince of Morocco in The Merchant of VeniceInterestingly, some years before the ambassadorial visit, Shakespeare had already depicted a noble Prince of Morocco as a suitor to Portia in The Merchant of Venice (c. 1596–97). The Prince, described as ‘a tawny [or light-skinned] Moor’, enters with great dignity but fears the prejudice of the Venetians. He asks them not to dislike him ‘for [his] complexion (2.1.1)’. But when he fails the casket test, Portia expresses her relief in terms of his skin colour, ‘Let all of his complexion choose me so’ (2.7.79). ]]https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/portrait-of-the-moorish-ambassador-to-queen-elizabeth-i#[…]CareerThe visit of Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud followed the sailing of The Lion in 1551, and the 1585 establishment of the English Barbary Company, which had the objective of developing trade between England and Morocco. Diplomatic relations and an alliance were established between Elizabeth and the Barbary states.The last years of the 16th century saw major English successes against Spain, with the English victory against the Spanish Armada in 1588, and the Capture of Cadiz by the Earl of Essex in 1597. As a result, King Ahmad al-Mansur decided to send an embassy to propose a joint invasion of Spain. Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud was accompanied by al Haji Messa and al Haji Bahanet, as well as an interpreter named Abd el-Dodar, an Andalusian by birth, under cover of a trade mission to Aleppo with a stopover in London. Altogether, the embassy numbered 16 (including some prisoners being returned to England), and sailed on board The Eagle under Robert Kitchen. Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud reached Dover on 8 August 1600.Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud spent 6 months at the court of Queen Elizabeth I during 1600 with the aim of negotiating an alliance against Spain. Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud spoke some Spanish, but he communicated to the Queen through his interpreter who spoke in Italian. They met with the Queen on 19 August and again on 10 September.The Moroccan ruler wanted the help of an English fleet to invade Spain. While Elizabeth refused, she welcomed the embassy and accepted the establishment of commercial agreements involving the two countries. Queen Elizabeth and King Ahmad continued to discuss various plans for combined military operations, with Elizabeth requesting a payment of 100,000 pounds in advance from King Ahmad for the supply of a fleet, with Ahmad asking for an English ship to be sent to get the money. Discussions however remained inconclusive, and both rulers died within two years of the embassy.In popular cultureIt has been suggested that Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud inspired the character of William Shakespeare's Moorish hero Othello, but others have argued that there is no connection. In 2016, David Serero played Othello in a Moroccan adaptation inspired by Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud.The painting of Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud is held by the Shakespeare Institute at Stratford-upon-Avon.Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud - WikipediaAnglo-Moroccan AllianceAnglo-Moroccan alliance - WikipediaThe Anglo-Moroccan alliance was established at the end of the 16th century and the early 17th century between the kingdoms of England and Morocco. Commercial agreements had been reached by Queen Elizabeth I of England and the Moroccan Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur on the basis of a common enmity to Philip II of Spain. The arms trade dominated the exchange, and numerous attempts at direct military collaboration were also made.The alliance was maintained for some time by their successors.[…] etc.Ahmad al-MansurReign 1578–1603Coronation 1578Predecessor Abd al-MalikSuccessor Zidan Abu Maali (in Marrakesh)Abou Fares Abdallah (in Fes)Born 1549Fes, MoroccoDied 25 August 1603Outskirts of Fes, MoroccoAhmad al-Mansur (Ahmad Abu al-Abbas al-Mansur, also El-Mansour Eddahbi [the Golden],‎ and Ahmed el-Mansour; 1549 in Fes – 25 August 1603, outskirts of Fes) was Sultan of the Saadi dynasty from 1578 to his death in 1603, the sixth and most famous of all rulers of the Saadis. Ahmad al-Mansur was an important figure in both Europe and Africa in the sixteenth century; his powerful army and strategic location made him an important power player in the late Renaissance period. He has been described as "a man of profound Islamic learning, a lover of books, calligraphy and mathematics, as well as a connoisseur of mystical texts and a lover of scholarly discussions."Ahmad al-Mansur - WikipediaMoroccan ambassador Jawdar, 1637.Mohammed bin Hadou, Mulay Ismail's Moroccan ambassador to England in 1682.Mohammed ben HadouMohammed ben Hadou, also Mohammad bin Hadou, Mohammad bin Hadu or Muhammad ben Haddu al'Attar, was a Moroccan ambassador sent to the English court of Charles II by Muley Ismail in 1681-82. According to the contemporary English commentator John Evelyn, he was the son of an English woman.He arrived in England on 29 December 1681, and left on 23 July 1682. His six month visit to England was highly commented upon, publicized in the London Gazette and was even the subject of occasional poems. He visited Oxford and Cambridge among many other places and became a Fellow of the Royal Society in April.Mohammed ben Hadou - WikipediaAniconism in IslamAniconism is the avoidance of images of sentient beings in some forms of Islamic art. Islamic aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that creation of living forms is God's prerogative. Although the Quran does not explicitly prohibit visual representation of any living being, it uses the word musawwir (maker of forms, artist) as an epithet of God. The corpus of hadith (sayings attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad) contains more explicit prohibitions of images of living beings, challenging painters to "breathe life" into their images and threatening them with punishment on the Day of Judgment. Muslims have interpreted these prohibitions in different ways in different times and places. Religious Islamic art has been typically characterized by the absence of figures and extensive use of calligraphic, geometric and abstract floral patterns.However, representations of Muhammad (in some cases, with his face concealed) and other religious figures are found in some manuscripts from lands to the east of Anatolia, such as Persia and India. These pictures were meant to illustrate the story and not to infringe on the Islamic prohibition of idolatry, but many Muslims regard such images as forbidden. In secular art of the Muslim world, representations of human and animal forms historically flourished in nearly all Islamic cultures, although, partly because of opposing religious sentiments, figures in paintings were often stylized, giving rise to a variety of decorative figural designs. There were episodes of iconoclastic destruction of figurative art, such as the decree by the Umayyad caliph Yazid II in 721 CE ordering the destruction of all representational images in his realm. A number of historians have seen an Islamic influence on the Byzantine iconoclastic movement of the 8th century, though others regard this is as a legend that arose in later times in the Byzantine empire.Theological viewsThe Quran, the Islamic holy book, does not explicitly prohibit the depiction of human figures; it merely condemns idolatry. Interdictions of figurative representation are present in the hadith, among a dozen of the hadith recorded during the latter part of the period when they were being written down. Because these hadith are tied to particular events in the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, they need to be interpreted in order to be applied in any general manner.Sunni exegetes of tafsir, from the 9th century onward, increasingly saw in them categorical prohibitions against producing and using any representation of living beings. There are variations between religious madhhab (schools) and marked differences between different branches of Islam. Aniconism is common among fundamentalist Sunni sects such as Salafis and Wahhabis (which are also often iconoclastic), and less prevalent among liberal movements within Islam. Shia and mystical orders also have less stringent views on aniconism. On the individual level, whether or not specific Muslims believe in aniconism may depend on how much credence is given to hadith, and how liberal or strict they are in personal practice.Aniconism in Islam not only deals with the material image, but touches upon mental representations as well. It is a problematic issue, discussed by early theologians, as to how to describe God, Muhammad and other prophets, and, indeed, if it is permissible at all to do so. God is usually represented by immaterial attributes, such as "holy" or "merciful", commonly known from His "Ninety-nine beautiful names". Muhammad's physical appearance, however, is amply described, particularly in the traditions on his life and deeds recorded in the biographies known as Sirah Rasul Allah. Of no less interest is the validity of sightings of holy personages made during dreams.Titus Burckhardt sums up the role of aniconism in Islamic aesthetics as follows:The absence of icons in Islam has not merely a negative but a positive role. By excluding all anthropomorphic images, at least within the religious realm, Islamic art aids man to be entirely himself. Instead of projecting his soul outside himself, he can remain in his ontological centre where he is both the viceregent (khalîfa) and slave ('abd) of God. Islamic art as a whole aims at creating an ambience which helps man to realize his primordial dignity; it therefore avoids everything that could be an 'idol', even in a relative and provisional manner. Nothing must stand between man and the invisible presence of God. Thus Islamic art creates a void; it eliminates in fact all the turmoil and passionate suggestions of the world, and in their stead creates an order that expresses equilibrium, serenity and peace.Persian miniature painting from the 16th century, depicting Muhammad, his face veiled, ascending on the Buraq into the Heavens, a journey known as the Mi'raj.Circumvention methodsMedieval Muslim artists found various ways to represent especially sensitive figures such as Muhammad. He is sometimes shown with a fiery halo hiding his face, head, or whole body, and from about 1500 is often shown with a veiled face. Members of his immediate family and other prophets may be treated in the same way. At the material level, prophets in manuscripts can have their face covered by a veil or all humans have a stroke drawn over their neck, symbolizing the severing of the soul, and clarifying the fact that it is not something alive and imbued with a soul that is depicted: a purposeful flaw to make what is depicted impossible to live in reality (as merely impossible in reality is still often frowned upon or banned, such as representations of comic book characters or unicorns, although exceptions do exist). Few portraits were attempted, and the ability to create recognizable portraits was rare in Islamic art until the Mughal tradition began in the late 15th century, although in both Mughal India and Ottoman Turkey portraits of the ruler then became very popular in court circles.A hilya or description in calligraphy of the appearance of Muhammad by the Ottoman calligrapher Hâfiz Osman (d. 1698).Islamic calligraphy has also displayed figurative themes. Examples of this are anthropomorphic and zoomorphic calligrams. Islamic calligraphy forms evolved, especially in the Ottoman period, to fulfill a function similar to figurative art. When on paper, Islamic calligraphy is often seen with elaborate frames of Ottoman illumination.[39] Examples of Islamic calligraphy using this technique include the name of Muhammad, the Hilya (a tablet that embodies the description of Muhammad’s physical appearance), multiple names of God in Islam, and the tughra (a calligraphic version of the name of an Ottoman sultan).[…] etc.Aniconism in Islam - WikipediaHowever, to fully answer the question, no, Moors were predominantly Berbers, Arabs, and the entre ruling class. Although, sure, we cannot rule out the presence of Black Moors among the flock, or as a gradual inclusion, although they are also at first depicted as generally, assistants, helpers, servants, probably, also former slaves, while, needless to say, numbers may have gradually increased, and new converts, recruits, and among the packs of mercenaries, perhaps, although more particularly, in later times etc. Evidence is still waning. You need factual proofs. However, none of the ruling class, or among the founding caliphs, and Moors.Fortunately, we have plenty of images created by Medieval Europeans, in various stages, depicting, broadly what the Moors, Saracens, looked like. Saracens, were shown in various ways, or often, in stark contrast, or seen as Ghoulish, fiends, anti-Christian, and often depicted worse than they really appeared, or with much darker skin tones, or even, a type of ‘blue/grey’, and ‘black’. Some may have fitted this description, others, not at all, and of the same stock as traditional Arabs, broadly. Not all Saracens were seen in this same light, and they varied in description, and status. All a matter of interpretation, context, indeed, and the events that unfolded.MoorThe term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, and Malta during the Middle Ages. The Moors initially were the indigenous Maghrebine Berbers. The name was later also applied to Arabs and Arabized Iberians. Wikipedia2. Moor, in English usage, a Moroccan or, formerly, a member of the Muslim population of al-Andalus, now Spain and Portugal. Of mixed Arab, Spanish, and Amazigh (Berber) origins, the Moors created the Islamic Andalusian civilization and subsequently settled as refugees in the Maghreb (in the region of North Africa) between the 11th and 17th centuries. By extension (corresponding to the Spanish moro), the term occasionally denotes any Muslim in general, as in the case of the “Moors” of Sri Lanka or of the Philippines. Today, the term Moor is used to designate the predominant Arab-Amazigh ethnic group in Mauritania (which makes up more than two-thirds of the country’s population) and the small Arab-Amazigh minority in Mali.The word derives from the Latin term Maurus, first used by the Romans to denote an inhabitant of the Roman province of Mauretania, comprising the western portion of present-day Algeria and the northeastern portion of present-day Morocco.The term is of little use in describing the ethnic characteristics of any groups, ancient or modern. From the Middle Ages to the 17th century, however, Europeans depicted Moors as being black, “swarthy,” or “tawny” in skin colour. (Othello, Shakespeare’s Moor of Venice, comes to mind in such a context.) Europeans designated Muslims of any other complexion as “white Moors,” despite the fact that the population in most parts of North Africa differs little in physical appearance from that of southern Europe (in Morocco, for example, red and blonde hair are relatively common).The term Moorish continues to be widely used to describe the art, architecture, and high culture of Muslim Andalusia and North Africa dating from the 11th century onward.The 11th to 13th centuries were not peaceful in the Maghrib. Amazigh (Berber) dynasties overthrew each other in Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula. The Christian Reconquista gradually diminished Muslim holdings in Spain and Portugal, and Tunisia was ruined during the Hilālī invasion when Bedouin tribes were sent by the Fāṭimids to prevent local independence. Two types of structures characterize the Almoravid (1056–1147) and Almohad (1130–1269) periods in Morocco and Spain.Moor | Definition, History, & FactsDuring the Latin Middle Ages, Mauri was used to refer to Berbers and Arabs in the coastal regions of Northwest Africa.[15] The 16th century scholar Leo Africanus (c. 1494–1554) identified the Moors (Mauri) as the native Berber inhabitants of the former Roman Africa Province (Roman Africans). He described Moors as one of five main population groups on the continent alongside Egyptians, Abyssinians (Abassins), Arabians and Cafri (Cafates).Modern meaningsIn medieval Romance languages, variations of the Latin word for the Moors (for instance, Italian and Spanish: moro, French: maure, Portuguese: mouro, Romanian: maur) developed different applications and connotations. The term initially denoted a specific Berber people in western Libya, but the name acquired more general meaning during the medieval period, associated with "Muslim", similar to associations with "Saracens". During the context of the Crusades and the Reconquista, the term Moors included the derogatory suggestion of "infidels".Apart from these historic associations and context, Moor and Moorish designate a specific ethnic group speaking Hassaniya Arabic. They inhabit Mauritania and parts of Algeria, Western Sahara, Tunisia, Morocco, Niger, and Mali. In Niger and Mali, these peoples are also known as the Azawagh Arabs, after the Azawagh region of the Sahara.The authoritative dictionary of the Spanish language does not list any derogatory meaning for the word moro, a term generally referring to people of Maghrebian origin in particular or Muslims in general. Some authors have pointed out that in modern colloquial Spanish use of the term moro is derogatory for Moroccans in particular and Muslims in general.the picture described events in May 1264, during the w: Mudéjar revolt of 1264–66 .w: Muhammad I of Granada is depicted in red tunic, with a red flag and red shield, leading his troops.Moorish army (right) of Almanzor during the Reconquista Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz, from Cantigas de Alfonso X el SabioThe Moors request permission from James I of AragónChristian and Moor playing chess, from The Book of Games of Alfonso X, c. 1285Muslim musicians at the court of the Norman King Roger II of SicilyThis is a large mural located on the ceiling of the Hall of Kings of the Alhambra which possibly depicts the first ten sultans of the Nasrid dynasty. It is a late-14th-century Gothic painting by a Christian Toledan artist.Nasrid dynastyThe Nasrid dynasty was the last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula, ruling the Emirate of Granada from 1230 until 1492. Twenty-three emirs ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1230 by Muhammad I until 2 January 1492, when Muhammad XII surrendered all lands to Queen Isabella I of Castile. WikipediaFinal ruler: Muhammad XII of GranadaParent house: Banu KhazrajFounder: Muhammad I of GranadaCountry: Emirate of GranadaCourt of the lions in the Alhambra, a Moorish palace built in the 14th century in Granada, SpainAlhambraThe Alhambra (lit. 'The Red One') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It was originally constructed as a small fortress in 889 CE on the remains of Roman fortifications, and then largely ignored until its ruins were renovated and rebuilt in the mid-13th century by the Arab Nasrid emir Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar of the Emirate of Granada, who built its current palace and walls with many beautiful, intricate details. It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada. After the conclusion of the Christian Reconquista in 1492, the site became the Royal Court of Ferdinand and Isabella (where Christopher Columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered in the Renaissance style. In 1526 Charles I & V commissioned a new Renaissance palace better befitting the Holy Roman Emperor in the revolutionary Mannerist style influenced by humanist philosophy in direct juxtaposition with the Nasrid Andalusian architecture, but it was ultimately never completed due to Morisco rebellions in Granada.Alhambra's last flowering of Islamic palaces was built for the final Muslim emirs in Spain during the decline of the Nasrid dynasty, who were increasingly subject to the Christian Kings of Castile. After being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, the buildings occupied by squatters, Alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of Napoleon, who had conducted retaliatory destruction of the site. The rediscoverers were first British intellectuals and then other north European Romantic travelers. It is now one of Spain's major tourist attractions, exhibiting the country's most significant and well-known Islamic architecture, together with 16th-century and later Christian building and garden interventions. The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Panorama of the Alhambra from Mirador de San Nicolas. From left to right: Generalife, Pico del Veleta (mountain), Palacios Nazaríes, Palace of Charles V, AlcazabaCourtyard of the Palace of Charles VPalace of Charles VThe Palace of Charles V is a Renaissance building in Granada, southern Spain, located on the top of the hill of the Assabica, inside the Nasrid fortification of the Alhambra. The building has never been a home to a monarch and stood roofless until 1957.The structure was commanded by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who wished to establish his residence close to the Alhambra palaces. Although the Catholic Monarchs had already altered some rooms of the Alhambra after the conquest of the city in 1492, Charles V intended to construct a permanent residence befitting an emperor. The project was given to Pedro Machuca, an architect whose life and development are poorly documented. At the time, Spanish architecture was immersed in the Plateresque style, with traces of Gothic architecture still visible. Machuca built a palace corresponding stylistically to Mannerism, a mode then in its infancy in Italy. The exterior of the building uses a typically Renaissance combination of rustication on the lower level and ashlar on the upper. Even if accounts that place Machuca in the atelier of Michelangelo are accepted, at the time of the construction of the palace in 1527, the latter had yet to design the majority of his architectural works.Southern facade of the Palace of Charles V.Palace of Charles V - WikipediaCharles V, Holy Roman EmperorCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor - WikipediaThe citadel before and after the 20th-century reconstruction campaignGraphite & Grits: Alhambra Palace, SpainAlhambra | Palace, Fortress, Facts, Map, & Picturesstatue of Abd al Rahman in AlmuñécarAlmuñécar (Spanish pronunciation: [almuˈɲekaɾ]) is a municipality in the Spanish Autonomous Region of Andalusia on the Costa Tropical between Nerja (Málaga) and Motril. It has a subtropical climate. Almuñécar lies in the province of Granada, and has around 26,514 citizens (2020). Since 1975, the town has become one of the most important tourist towns in Granada province and on the Costa Tropical; it has good transport connections and a football (soccer) stadium.Almuñécar - WikipediaMuhammad XII's family in the Alhambra moments after the fall of Granada, by Manuel Gómez-Moreno González, c. 1880Al-Andalus - WikipediaHistory of Islam in southern ItalyArabic painting made for the Norman kings (c. 1150) in the Palazzo dei Normanni, originally the emir's palace at Palermo.Arabic painting made for the Norman kings (c. 1150) in the Palazzo dei Normanni, originally the emir's palace at Palermo.History of Islam in southern Italy - WikipediaPortrait of an African ManArtist Jan MostaertYear c. 1525–1530Type Oil on oakDimensions30.8 cm × 21.2 cm (12.1 in × 8.3 in)Location Rijksmuseum, AmsterdamThe Portrait of an African Man (Dutch: Portret van een Afrikaanse man) also known as Portrait of a Moor (Dutch: Portret van een Moor) is a painting by the Dutch Renaissance painter Jan Mostaert. Mostaert probably made the painting between c. 1525 and 1530, or slightly earlier. The exact subject of the painting has long been unclear, although numerous ideas have been put forward, including that the depicted figure is a soldier, a nobleman or Saint Maurice. The portrait is significant in that it may portray the earliest portrait of a specific black man in European painting, though Saint Maurice, and Balthazar of the Three Kings or Biblical Magi, had long been usually portrayed as black.SubjectIf it is a portrait of a specific real individual, it appears to be the earliest known such painting of a black man in European painting. The Rijksmuseum, who own the painting, have said that it might be Christophle le More (Christopher the Moor), a black archer recorded at the court of the Habsburg emperor Charles V. This theory could be supported by the badge of the Virgin on his cap, which would be a souvenir from a pilgrimage to Halle. He has also been said to be a member of the entourage of Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy at her court in Mechelen. The posture, clothing and other details could indicate service at a European court and adaptation to their norms. The English historian Kate Lowe therefore argues he is a nobleman in the service of a visitor to the court at Mechelen, or such a visitor himself. Other scholars suggest that the insignia on his hat and bag may indicate possible Spanish or Portuguese origins.In 2013, Wim Pijbes, in a discussion on the Dutch folklore figure Zwarte Piet and his origins, mentions the Portrait of an African Man, saying that the figure of Zwarte Piet is traceable to at least the 16th century, and the proud black figure depicted wearing a velvet jacket and a beret shows attributes nowadays associated with the figure of Zwarte Piet.In November 2014 a different explanation was offered by the literary and medieval scholar Marie-José Govers. She claimed the figure represented Saint Maurice, a Roman soldier who by tradition came from Thebes. Govers was to publish her research in 2015 but did so earlier to refute the remarks of Pijbes. She said that the figure depicted was an important man, not a servant. She bases this on the goatskin gloves, the belt which is covered with gemstones and the sword. She also adds that the sword is especially an attribute of Saint Maurice and that the pilgrim badge of Mary on his red beret makes him a Catholic. Govers adds that the time when the painting was made is also important. Govers claims this to be between 1520 and 1525 (disagreeing with the Rijksmuseum's view that the latter is about the earliest likely date). During that period Martin Luther was seen as a threat by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and was excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1520. Struggles between Catholics and Protestants were often violent. The depiction of Saint Maurice, a Christian who refused to fight against other Christians, could be related to this.The art historian and curator Esther Schreuder disagrees with Govers's findings, stating that the evidence presented by Govers is too meager. Schreuder claims the sword is a typical symbol for a soldier and that Saint Maurice is most often depicted with a holy spear. Portrait of an African Man - WikipediaThis is the only known portrait of a black man in early European painting. He may have served at the Brussels court of Emperor Charles V, who had a black archer called Christophle le More among his bodyguards. The badge of the Virgin on his cap is a souvenir of a pilgrimage to Halle (Brabant), a favourite destination of pilgrims from the Brussels court.Portrait of an African Man (Christophle le More?), Jan Jansz Mostaert, c. 1525 - c. 1530 - Rijksmuseum

The Banana came first, thus, it is dirty socks that smell like the lovely Banana!From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSmelly socks waiting to be washedSmelly socks are socks that have acquired an unpleasant odour due to prolonged use. Their odour, which is complex and remains the object of study, is a mixture of ammonia, fatty acids (in particular, isovaleric acid),[1]and lactic acid.[2]While odorous socks are repellent to most humans, they are a strong attractant for some animals, including dogs and mosquitos. They have proven useful in controlling the behavior of these animals.Although the odour of smelly socks is often associated with feet, it arises independently of contact with human feet in various foodstuffs such as dairy products, cheeses, sausages and fish sauce, and is naturally present in several plants.[3][4][5][6]The smell has also been noted in building and automotive air treatment systems, where it is described as "jock socks odor" or "dirty socks syndrome".Several technologies have been developed to incorporate materials into sock textiles which reduce or eliminate the bad smell.Contents1 Analysis2 Air contamination3 Medical aspects4 Solutions5 Animal attraction6 Animal repelling7 Artistic use8 Botany9 Fetish10 Folk medicine11 Marketing12 Popular culture13 ReferencesAnalysisCompounds which cause socks to smell bad include:butyric acid, which smells like rancid butter[7]dimethyl disulphide, which smells like onions[7]dimethyl trisulphide[7]2-heptanone, which smells like bananas[7]2-nonanone, which smells like fat, fruit or flowers[7]2-octanone, which smells like apples[7]Air contaminationSmelly socks have an unpleasant odour. This commonly results from bacterial action upon sweat which accumulates due to confining footwear.[8]The odor has also presented itself as a problem among users of prosthetics.[9]Smelly socks may be a source of air contamination in aircraft and dwellings.[10][11]Their distinctive unpleasant odour is commonly used as a reference.A 1996 Popular Mechanics article describes "jock socks odor" complaints as one of the magazine's most frequent queries with regard to automotive air conditioning systems, attributing the odor to fungal growth within the auto.[12]The term "Dirty Sock Syndrome" is used to describe unpleasant odors that arise in building heating and cooling systems.[13][14]High-efficiency heat pumps in the southeastern US have been noted as frequent offenders.[15]Medical aspectsThe odor is a diagnostic feature of a serious medical condition, Isovaleric acidemia.A widespread consumer perception of the odor in the medication metformin, frequently used to treat Type 2 diabetes, may have contributed to patient refusals of the treatment.[16]A test of olfactory abilities deemed useful in Japan employs detection of "sweaty socks" odor, along with two other odors, as a useful metric of these abilities.[17]When fresh, alkyl nitrites or "poppers", smell fruity, but when stale their aroma seems like smelly socks.[18]SolutionsThere are various products designed to handle the problem of smelly socks, by containing the smell or eliminating it.In a police station in Brighton England, the police installed a stinkproof locker specifically to keep prisoners smelly socks in while they are in custody.[19]Several technologies have been developed to address the problem by modifying the composition of sock materials. In February 1997, The Daily Mirror reported that a new fabric had been invented by British scientists to eliminate smelly socks.[20]Disinfectant treatments such as silver nanoparticles may be applied to socks to prevent them from smelling.[21]The United States Air Force Academy issued a 2009 request to vendors that included socks incorporating antimicrobial silver yarn technology.[22]This technology has encountered some opposition; a study conducted by researchers at Arizona State University examined the possibility that the silver particles could be released when the socks were washed, posing environmental concerns.[23]In 2000, the University of California announced a joint venture with private companies to develop socks that would reduce the problem by incorporating halamine compounds, a relatively stable form of chlorine.[24]In 2005 Dow Corning proposed the incorporation of alkoxysilanes as a preventive measure.[25]Researchers reported, in 2011, on a technique to permanently block the development of pathogenic germs, which can cause odor in socks and other clothing.[26]A team led by Jason Lockli of the University of Georgia reported in the American Chemical Society's Applied Materials and Interfaces that the anti-microbial treament of "smelly socks" could "offer low cost protection for healthcare facilities, such as hospitals."[26]Animal attractionIn a study of the odours most likely to attract mosquitos, smelly socks were found to be the most effective, topping the list along with Limburger cheese.[27]Their strong odour will also attract other dangerous wild animals such as bear.[28]Because this smell is so effective at attracting mosquitos, its use has been explored for mosquito control in places where malaria is prevalent.[29]An imitation foot odour has been synthesised at the University of Wageningen. The synthetic odour is then used to bait traps which attract the mosquitos and so divert them from biting people. The synthetic mixture of ammonia, fatty acids, and lactic acid is effective but not as good as real sweaty socks. The composition of the authentic smell is still being analysed to determine the remaining active ingredients.[2]A project in Kenya funded by Grand Challenges Canada and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation involves harvesting smelly sock odour with cotton pads that are then used to bait traps.[29]The East African jumping spider or vampire spider preys upon mosquitos which have fed upon blood. It is attracted to the same smell for this reason and this has been demonstrated using an olfactometer which was loaded alternately with clean and smelly socks.[30]Dogs are strongly attracted to the scent of socks that have been worn by humans. They may self-medicate themselves during attacks of separation anxiety by focusing on these items.[31]The attraction is used in dog training, where the odorous socks may serve as a distractant or as a lure during crate training.[32][33]Animal repellingSmelly socks have been used to repel deer. Benefits include they are cheap and accessible, require little effort to put out each morning, and are quite effective at keeping deer out of your flower garden.[34]Artistic useThe smell of dirty socks was the most unpleasant of the smells provided in the movie Polyester which featured Odorama in the form of scratch and sniff cards.[35]At Fort Siloso in Singapore, the liquid scent of smelly socks is part of the exhibition which provides tourists with a sensory impression of its historical use during WW2.[36]BotanySmelly Socks GrevilleaThe plant White Plume Grevillea has long white flowers whose stink resembles that of smelly socks, causing the plant to be known as "Smelly Socks Grevillea" or "Old Socks".[37]Another plant with a similar smell and name is Clary Sage.[38]The herb valerian has a musty smell of this sort too.[39]Mushrooms of the genus Amanita often have a strong odour which may also seem like that of smelly socks.[40]FetishSome people experience erotic arousal from smelly socks and so others may sell their used socks to those with this fetish.[41][42]In a 1994 study, 45% of those with a foot fetish were found to be aroused by smelly socks.[43]Those aroused by smelly socks often are aroused only by a certain type of sock, or those worn by a particular person, or type of person, e.g. athletes.Folk medicineSmelly socks are favoured for use as a component in the making of powerful charms or spells, especially in voodoo or magic of African origin.[44][45]They may be worn around the neck as a cure for a cold.[46]In addition, used socks may be used in spells cast on particular people, namely love spells, (the socks of the two parties may be bound together during the spell) binding spells, (the socks of the offender are knotted to inflict a binding on that person) or curses (the socks are burned or otherwise destroyed to inflict harm on their wearer).MarketingSmelly socks were used as the basis for a marketing campaign for British Knights sneakers. Viewers were invited to send in their socks which would then be assessed for smell by a panel of judges which included a dog.[47]Popular cultureA recurring theme in the television series Married... with Children revolved around the stinky socks of the character Al Bundy.[48]References"In Short: Taste & Smell". Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 2010-07-08.Kent Mensah (21 June 2010), "Smelly socks to fight malaria", Africa NewsStephanie Clark; Michael Costello; Floyd Bodyfelt; MaryAnne Drake (2008), The sensory evaluation of dairy products, シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社, p. 114, ISBN 978-0-387-77406-0Patrick F. Fox; P. F. Fox; Timothy M. Cogan; Timothy P. Guinee (2000), Fundamentals of cheese science, Springer, p. 220, ISBN 978-0-8342-1260-2Yiu H. Hui; Y. H. Hui (2004), Handbook of food and beverage fermentation technology, CRC Press, p. 408, ISBN 978-0-8247-4780-0Pham, A.J.; Schilling, M.W.; Yoon, Y.; Kamadia, V.V.; Marshall, D.L. (2008), "Characterization of Fish Sauce Aroma-Impact Compounds Using GC-MS, SPME-Osme-GCO, and Stevens' Power Law Exponents", Journal of Food Science, 73 (4): C268–74, PMID 18460121, doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00709.xChamila J. Denawaka, Ian A. Fowlis, John R. Dean (18 March 2016), "Source, impact and removal of malodour from soiled clothing", Journal of Chromatography A, 1438: 216–225, doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.037Active Interest Media, Inc (Sep 1998), "Toxic Sock Syndrome", Backpacker, 26 (171): 24"A Study of the Development and the Deordorizing Capability of Metal Phthatalocyanine Processed Stump Socks for Amputees" (PDF). Kobe University School of Medicine. Retrieved 2010-07-08.Susan Michaelis (2007), Aviation Contaminated Air Reference Manual, ISBN 978-0-9555672-0-9Randy Blume (1999), Crazy in the cockpit, p. 19, ISBN 0-7894-2572-6Popular Mechanics Nov 1996, Popular Mechanics, 1996, p. 115"A New Solution Found for Dirty Sock Syndrome". The Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration NEWS. Retrieved 2010-07-09."HETA 98-0300-2723 Dollar General Store Prestonsburg, Kentucky" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved 2010-07-14.Popular Science Mar 1991, Popular Science, 1991, p. 44, ISSN 0161-7370"Regimens: Pungent Pills". New York Times. 2010-02-15. Retrieved 2010-07-07.Shiga, Hideaki; Miwa, Takaki; Tsukatani, Toshiaki; Kinoshita, Yayoi; Saito, Sachiko; Kobayakawa, Tatsu; Deguchi, Yuichi; Furukawa, Mitsuru (2007), "Olfactory Disturbance Screening with the Odor Stick Identification Test (OSIT-J) in Executive Checkups", Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho, 110 (8): 586–91, PMID 17874540, doi:10.3950/jibiinkoka.110.586Substance Use and Misuse: Nature, Context, and Clinical Interventions. G. Hussein Rassool. Wiley-Blackwell, 1998. ISBN 0-632-04884-0. p.48"Scent to jail", Sunday Mirror, Jun 5, 2005The Mirror, February 1997, Smelly socks get the boot.Roger Highfield (25 Jun 2003), Slivers of silver solve the problem of smelly socks, The Daily Telegraph"USAF Academy Cadet Socks". Federal Business Opportunities. Retrieved 2010-07-14."Nanotechnology Law Report" (PDF). Porter Wright Morris & Arthur LLP. p. 5. Retrieved 2010-07-08."New Invention Creates Odor-Free Socks, Infection-Fighting Scrubs". University of California. Retrieved 2010-07-14."A New, Durable Antimicrobial Finish for Textiles" (PDF). die Informationsplattform zu Funktionstextilien. Retrieved 2010-07-14."New solution can help 'permanently get rid of germs': A new anti-microbial treatment that can make clothing - including smelly socks - permanently germ-free has been developed by US scientists". BBC. July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2011.L. Patricia Kite (2001-01-01), Insect Facts and Folklore, ISBN 978-0-7613-1822-4Dave Smith (2006), Backcountry Bear Basics: The Definitive Guide to Avoiding Unpleasant Encounters, p. 119, ISBN 978-1-59485-028-8Dixon, Robyn (August 14, 2011). "Smelly socks could help curb malaria". Los Angeles Times.Victoria Gill (16 February 2011), Mosquito-eating spider likes smelly socks, BBCSteven R. Lindsay (2001), Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training: Etiology and assessment of behavior problems. Volume 2 of Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training, John Wiley & Sons, p. 108, ISBN 978-0-8138-2868-8Victoria Schade (2009), Bonding with Your Dog: A Trainer's Secrets for Building a Better Relationship, John Wiley and Sons, p. 99, ISBN 978-0-470-40915-2Dan Rice (2001), Big dog breeds, Barron's Educational Series, p. 28, ISBN 978-0-7641-1649-0Conners, Maureen (August 5, 2001). "Not even the deer like old, smelly socks". The Sun. Retrieved 2010-07-07.Jim Drobnick (2006), The smell culture reader, p. 360, ISBN 978-1-84520-213-2Muzainia, Hamzah; Teob, Peggy; Yeoh, Brenda S. A. (2007), "Intimations of postmodernity in dark tourism", Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 5 (1): 28–45, doi:10.2167/jtcc082.0Don Burke (2005-11-01), The complete Burke's backyard, ISBN 978-1-74045-739-2Rosemary Alexander (2009-05-27), The Essential Garden Design Workbook, p. 210, ISBN 978-0-88192-975-1Pamela Hirsch (2001-05-01), The traveler's natural medicine kit, pp. 116–7, ISBN 978-0-89281-947-8William C. Roody (2003-04), Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians, p. 50, ISBN 978-0-8131-9039-6 Check date values in: |date= (help)Bartele Santema (2005), "Smelly socks", Bule gila, p. 142, ISBN 978-979-3780-04-7Stefan Bechtel; Larry Stains; Laurence Roy Stains (1996), Sex, p. 12, ISBN 978-0-87596-299-3Patricia B. Sutker; Henry E. Adams (2001), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology, p. 762, ISBN 978-0-306-46490-4Lynn Maria Hudson (2002), The making of "Mammy Pleasant": a Black entrepreneur in nineteenth-century, pp. 68–69, ISBN 978-0-252-02771-0Timothy Michael Olney (2003), Life Positive, p. 92, ISBN 978-0-9719079-0-4T. K. Pratt (1996-11-19), Dictionary of Prince Edward Island English, p. 77, ISBN 978-0-8020-7904-6Eric Yaverbaum; Robert W. Bly; Richard Kirshenbaum; Ilise Benun (2006-05-12), Public Relations for Dummies, p. 184, ISBN 978-0-471-77272-9https://news.google.com/archivesearch?scoring=a&q=%22Smelly+socks%22+%22Al+Bundy%22+source:%22-newswire%22+source:%22-wire%22+source:%22-presswire%22+source:%22-PR%22+source:%22-press%22+source:%22-release%22+source:%22-wikipedia%22&spell=1