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Thanks Uddeshya Kumar for the questionWhy is Kerala not an IT hub in the league of Hyderabad, Bangalore or Chennai?I have answered to this question partly in some other answers of mine, whose links I will provide in this answer too under appropriate headsIf you look the standard reply to any ordinary person, it would be one single word answer- Communists prevented computerization, thus Kerala couldn’t grow. Well, its typical stereotyped propagandized for ages which has little truth (little truth means some truth indeed, but minuscule by nature which I will explain in later part of the answer)As of now, Kerala ranks 7th in total software exports in India, which is approx Rs 15k Crore. This is roughly 2.82% of total Indian Software exports. On the contrary, the top state- Karnataka exports nearly Rs 1.7 Lakh crore.One can notice the huge gap between Karnataka and Kerala, which is approx 1.55 lakh crore.However on a closer look, the whole IT exports sector is skewed. 75% of Indian IT exports happen from 4 states of IndiaKarnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Telangana makes a total of 75% of Indian exports.Karnataka, Tamil Nadu & Telangana together make up for more than 60% of IT ExportsAnd essentially thats where Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune etc exists, which defines the residence of 75% of India’s IT Capital.So the question is essentially on that topic, which i will try to answer within my understandingNon City centric modelCheck this question itself. The OP is comparing Kerala, a state with a city called Bangalore or Hyderabad or Chennai. In any discussion, we rarely see a city of Kerala being compared with fellow city of another state. Rather its whole state often compared with a city.I rarely see people talking Karnataka as whole when comes to IT. Any IT/ITES discussion, we take only Bangalore, Hyderabad etc, not Karnataka, Telangana etc.That is essentially the first key factor.Kerala’s IT investments ARE NOT CITY CENTRIC, whereas in other states, its City centric. In Karnataka 90% of its IT investments happen in one city called Bangalore (remaining 10% divided between Mysore, Mangalore and minuscule in Hubli-Dharwad belt). In Telangana, the difference between its biggest city- Hyderabad and second biggest city- Warangal is unbelievably wide. Warangal is a small town, hardly with 8 Lakh population which is quite resemblance of a 20th century town and just recently only had its first IT park (in Jan 2020) with 2 or 3 companies employing some what 100 people. Compare that with Hyderabad which houses Microsoft, Google etc.On the contrary, Kerala is a classic example or (in my opinion) a shining example of DECENTRALIZATION. Kerala’s growth story isn’t dependent on one city, rather almost every city in Kerala. The heavy decentralization concept has made Kerala’s growth spread equallyI have detailed this in another answer of mineArun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ)'s answer to If Kerala is so developed, why does it lack big cities like Mumbai or Bangalore with the possible exception of Kochi?Arun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ)'s answer to Why is Thiruvananthapuram, as capital, unable to compete with Bengaluru, Chennai, and Hyderabad?But along with the advantage of harmonized development across the cities, there is a down side to itMultiplier effect. Kerala’s IT Development seriously lacks a multiplier effect.In Management and economics, 1+1 is not 2, rather its 3. The extra one that fuels the end product to next level is called Synergy.When companies and talent pool concentrate in one city or region, a critical mass is attained, which fuels more development over the usual proportion level. The country’s best or creamy IT Talent is based in Bangalore or Hyderabad. Naturally for a IT Company that operates in this human capital intensive industry, automatically prioritize Bangalore or Hyderabad as its hub than Kochi or Trivandrum which don’t have that kind of critical mass due to the spread out.This is one thing, Kerala IT Sector faces often in attracting investment. Any investing company looks availability of diverse talent pool in one city where they invest, which is lower in Kerala, much more in Bangalore or Hyderabad.Kerala cannot adopt a city centric model as decentralization is essentially a keystone of Kerala cultural traits and we as a society, will never accept one city being bestowed with all privileges and resources.History of presence of Research institutesThis is something over-looked often. Why Bangalore became the IT capital of India, not Mumbai or Kolkatta or Delhi?Simple reason- clustering of Research bases. Since independence, Bangalore has been a favourite hub for India govt to establish several research institutes. Bangalore was traditionally called Pensioner’s Paradise primarily because of its very laid back city life and its garden city culture in 1960s or 70s. But the extremely good/pleasant climate, peaceful city life along with western cosmopolitan culture, helped Bangalore to be a prime candidate for most of new Research bodies to come up.Indian Institute of Science, Center for Electronics Design and Technology, Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Research, Central power Research Institute, Avionics Research Institute, Electronics Radar Development Center, Microwave research center…. Name any of the major Electronic research facility, almost they have their home in Bangalore, most of them started in between 1960 to 198560% of DRDO research facilities are based in Bangalore. And one such was the most elite COMPUTER CENTER started in 1960 which later became the site of India’s SupercomputerThis story is almost similar in Hyderabad with several top end defense research institutes, Statistical and Engineering research institutes. A good percentage of these strategic National Institutes were placed in South India, due to the fear of leaking key secrets to hostile countries like Pakistan etc if placed in North India.When more and more research institutes came up, it attracted more and more creamy National talent. When more and more cream talents are available in one city, it attracts companies and investorsWho was the first foreign IT/ITES investor in Bangalore? Its the global major- Texas Instruments. TI was supposed to deliver few critical components for India’s Supercomputer project and hence they have start an office in India. They were supposed to start in Mumbai which was the usual base of any foreign companies starting into India in that period. But TI saw Bangalore had a huge presence of research institutes and a very creamy professionals, so they invested in Bangalore and attracted many talents who were holding key positions in these research institutes.The story is almost same for IBM, which was Mumbai based since 1950s, but exited in 1970s when Socialist govt came up. But they returned back in 1980s, when Bangalore’s ERD and ARI placed a huge order for technologies from IBM and they started regular interactions with key research hubs in Bangalore and slowly entered thro’ Tatas in 1992, with their operations primarily catering Banglore clients. Today they are the biggest foreign IT Company in India.So many larger companies set their shops in these cities primarily because there was a huge research institute cluster. Mumbai is of different league as it was THE BIGGEST CITY where all companies start their offices first in India. Pune came up as a matter of decongesting Mumbai and its close proximity helped so. Chennai has very similar story as that of Bangalore as it was a major research hub + it was historically a major industrial city since British era, so many manufacturing companies needed technology.Contrary to these, Kerala had very little research bodies. At the moment, there are less than 20 research institutes of National importance operating in Kerala. And again, these research institutes are scattered around Kerala, so unlike Bangalore, there is no synergy between these institutes to make technology firms considering a major investment.I will tell a best example. India’s Southern Naval command is located in Kochi which also houses all the key regional decision makers of this command. But the National Naval training academy is located in Kannur at Ezhimala (INA), the Naval Software design and research center in Kozhikode, the Naval architectural and research facility in Cochin while the communication & Data center in Trivandrum. In short, all facilities of Indian Navy within Kerala is divided between 4 cities of Kerala. Naturally, an IT Company that needs to cater Naval interests will end up shuttling the entire length and breath of Kerala. This is contrary to Bangalore model, where everything is located within a 40 km circular radius of Bangalore. Just like Navy, Airforce played a key role in Bangalore’s technology growth, but not Karnataka in general.Benevolent Dictatorship modelIf you look, Hyderabad wasn’t a strong competitor for Bangalore in the 1990s. Though it was a large city and diverse population, it was much more like South India’s Lucknow. However, Hyderabad’s IT Dreams became reality just because of one man- Chandrababu Naidu (CBN).The CM tenure of CBN from 1995–2004 had a huge impact. CBN was a technocrat in all sense and he always saw himself as CEO of Hyderbad.Inc (he refers CEO of AP.Inc, but it was all accepted that he cared just Hyderabad alone). So he worked purely like a CEO. Meeting Bill Gates and signing a deal to start a facility, thus bringing Microsoft to Hyderabad, able to bring US president Bill Clinton to visit Hyderabad city which pushed Oracle to come into that city, then numerous other companies. He worked almost like Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew turning Hyderabad into Cyberabad. But Lee Kuan was working for a city state like Singapore, whereas CBN had a state like AP, which he forgot. End result, was he got a huge Cyberabad, but extremely crisis stricken AP which was reeling, that pushed him out of power in 2004. But indeed his vision built Hyderabad.Such models don’t work in Kerala. If we had a CM like CBN who prioritized Trivandrum over Kerala, he won’t even survive one election (there was one such CM- the famous Pattom Thanu Pilla, whose extreme pro-Trivandrum centric attitude led his own party as well as Congress party to exile him to Punjab as its Governor)CBN able to procure larger deals because of the throw-away attitude. Huge tracts of land were thrown away to corporate at nominal or ZERO price and building all kinds of support facility. Is this possible in a land starved state like Kerala? I don’t think so.To an extend, TN also used a bit of CBN technique when Karunanidhi established TIDEL park that fuelled Chennai’s IT dreams. Land was forcibly acquired evicting farmers overnight and then almost gifted to corporates with all kinds of benefits. Kerala’s social system is much of egalitarian and it demands rule of law. No one in Kerala will blindly follow what their leader demands unlike CBN or Karunanidhi or Jayalalitha enjoyed… Even in COVID cases, we are seeing how Kerala’s CM is grilled by opposition leaders on daily basis. Its impossible to bypass all the laws and do as how TN or AP govts did. That model is primarily based on benevolent dictatorship model, which will never be accepted in Kerala.Baggage of pastBangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Mumbai etc has lot of urban baggage created since times of British. Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai were British Cities and they pumped almost the entire wealth of India to create these island cities of growth, leaving rest of India rotten, primarily to cater British interests of exploitation. Hyderabad, also used the same model within Hyderabad Kingdom where entire villages and towns of the kingdom were exploited to develop a huge city.Whatever be the past, by 1950s, they were already developed cities. They had a typical urban-western cosmopolitan culture, quite distinctive even to its nearby suburbs. It was strikingly different, so the aspiring middle class of other towns and villages always migrated to these cities and wished to live in that distinctive urban style. This even exist today.An average middle class educated Hubli guy or someone from Bellary or Hampi will always aspire to move to Bangalore. This means, there is a huge talent pool in these cities. As HR of an IT Company, I can realize the value of talent pool in this sector, which is definitely the biggest point why companies invest in these cities.Kerala cities, historically too weren’t that cosmopolitan (in western style sense). Infact they were more traditionalist than other places within their kingdom. Just for example, the capital city of Travancore- Trivandrum was strictly off-the-limits for commoners in 1880s, as it was exclusive for nobles and royals. This means, each city of Kerala has its own distinctive culture, well protected by its locals. This also means, there is no big western aspirational urban lifestyle in these cities.Ask any techies who work in Technopark Trivandrum, they would say, they prefer a transfer to Bangalore or Chennai. Why? Trivandrum is a very typical Malayalee city following all its traditions, customs, concepts. Despite of having such a large IT park, hardly 1 or 2 Pubs exist. Night life is strictly frowned by locals and seen as immoral. No breweries, no urban leisure parlous, no dance floors etc…. This is not Trivandrum’s story alone, but throughout Kerala. Kerala is very traditionalist state, thus doesn’t attract aspiration work force from other parts. So no huge talent pool other than locals.And bigger problem. When you have Bangalore just 500 Kms away or Chennai just 700 Kms away, why should companies come to Kerala?Kerala specific problemsAs I discussed above, they are mostly why IT companies invested in other states. But there are very much Kerala-centric problems.Restricted university/higher education systemThis issue exist Pan India, particularly in Kerala, as it churned out very little number of quality Engineers. The problem with Kerala was untill 2000s, we had very limited number of Engineering institutes, thus forcing even larger number of Malayalees to other states who eventually add talent pool to those cities. And even these universities offer out-dated syllabus, not something what industry requires. I have written a detailed answer on that belowArun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ)'s answer to Do Keralites come to Tamil Nadu to pursue their college degrees due to lack of colleges in Kerala?2. Kerala’s distrust with IT real estate players.If you look, IT sector grew in Bangalore, Mumbai or Hyderabad because of so many professional Real estate players, who buys or gets huge tracts of land (in many cases illegal thro’ high profile corruption with ruling govt), develop it and market these IT companies who come and invest. Take the famous Ascendas Park in Chennai or RMZ or Embassy of Bangalore, Raheja Mindspace or DLF IT park etc.In Kerala model, the govt does the role what Raheja or Ascendas or RMZ does. The govt build parks like Technopark, Infopark, Cyberpark etc and then markets to bring IT companies. The number of private IT developers is almost minuscule or negligible in Kerala.IT Developer Brands owned by Kerala Govt under IT Kerala Parks.It would be surprising that Kerala Govt has built almost 1.5 crore sqft of IT Space to bring in IT majors. Within Govt land, some IT companies built their own space, but essentially in all projects, Govt is the co-owner. Kerala follows Dubai Model or Singapore model, where every private investment needs Govt co investment concept.Spread of IT Parks Kerala across the length and breath of KeralaIt works well for city states like Singapore or Dubai, but hard for a state in India, considering the level of bureaucracy red-tapism and rule book procedure.Kerala so far has no genuine Private IT Park in totality. Private IT Parks is likely to perform better marketing and attract companies to invest than Govt directly.I am not criticizing Kerala Govt, as whatever we are in IT sector today, it fully owes to Govts in Kerala. But harnessing private entrepreneur’s animalistic spirits is much important than looking Govt secretary’s ability to market. Kerala does this model primarily to avoid corruption issues as biggest corruption scandals in other states always happen over real estate deals.3. Losing the first decade of IT developmentI am sure, majority of Non malayalees don’t know, it was Kerala who established the concept of SOFTWARE PARK for the first time in India. And interestingly it was done by a communist govt under EK Nayanar.EK Nayanar in 1980s went to US and it was for the first time, a Communist leader of Kerala visiting America. He was guided to various American industries by his trusted friend- K. P. P. Nambiar one of India’s first industrial technocrat and visionary in field of electronics, who was also the-then CM’s Technology advisor after retiring from national services of IT Secretary of India. EK Nayanar was much impressed with American Software parks concept and wanted to replicate one in India (unheard till that time) which lead to establishment of Trivandrum Technopark started in July 1991. It became fully operational by 1995 with a state of the art campus etc, which was the largest in India that time.Launching of Technopark- India’s first dedicated technology park in 1991But untill 2002, hardly anyone knew for what such a huge campus came? It worked mostly as Govt data center, some small BPO companies, some offices of Kerala’s biggest electronics company- KELTRON which was another Govt company and some offices of Tata Consultancy Services who were supporting some govt projects. Hardly any efforts were taken to market such a huge campus and bring in private companies. End result - Losing the first bus of IT development. That bus was fully parked in Bangalore. We lost the first mover advantage completely. In 2002–2005 period, it was mostly focused attracting BPO and call center companies. Only after 2005, it aimed to attract large scale investments. By this time, atleast 3 to 5 private technopark styled campus came in Bangalore, Chennai etc and they leap much forward.Losing the first decade of IT Wave proved costly for Kerala.4. Kerala as home of MalayaleesThis problem always exist in Kerala. For Malayalees living in Kerala as well as ruling leadership, we always associate Kerala as exclusive home for Malayalees and Malayalam culture. The idea is much similar to how Japanese see Japan Home islands as their exclusive home.While Malayalees travel across the globe and settle, we rarely have a similar reciprocity back to Kerala. While Kerala has no domicile exclusive rules unlike J&K state, Kerala’s socio-cultural system donot allow Non Malayalees to come, live and invest in Kerala. Thats the same problem of being a traditionalist state upholding traditions and customs.In IT sector too, all investments are always invited on basis of Malayalee leadership in the company. Kerala Govt’s strategy for IT investment is simple. Identify either Malayalee owned companies abroad or foreign companies that have Malayalee leadership. Once identified, they are invited to invest. Even investment is guided on Malayalee ethnicity basis. The problem here is that, not all companies will invest out of their love towards Kerala. They look all other factors to invest. Just having a Malayalee at helm of affairs is not a guarantee to invest.Whereas in Bangalore or Chennai, investments are multi-cultural and multi-ethnic. A Bengali living in Bangalore may connect to a Thai company having an American as its boss to invest. Having multi-ethnic society also adds advantage of connecting to multi-ethnic corporate leadership too, rather than Kerala’s strategy of hunting for Malayalee leadership and inviting them.But unfortunately its hard to get off as Keralites always justify investments on basis of ethnicity, not purely as investment.5. Ease of BusinessKerala decentralized system has created multiple levels of government bodies. In our system, we have a 4 tier government system, starting with Panchayat, Block, district and state level governments, from whom permissions are required for any business. This is one reason why IT Companies, especially smaller Start-ups etc requires to complete more than 24 statutory clearances from multiple agencies and bodies. Though the single window clearance system has eased a lot of registration hurdles, panchayats and local bodies are much powerful that rule violations can be highlighted and stop memos can be issued any time citing violations.Just for example, American IT Parks developer- Taurus along with Embassy group recently invested 1200 crore project in Trivandrum Technopark which has just ran into trouble as local bodies highlight the violation of converting wetland into a commercial use, thereby issuing a stop memo for its construction after Supreme Court issued Status quo order.Status quo on Downtown project | Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of IndiaOn a comparative scale, in other states, once a project is cleared by its state govt, hardly any interference comes inbetween. Thats one reason why corruption is also at peak at higher levels, but it justifies as there won’t be any headaches in future, whereas in Kerala, that option is limited multiple government levels are involved and not centralized in nature. Convincing multiple level of officials itself is a specialized skill, unlike in many other states, where few sittings with the CM or some key official will do. Generally corruption is low in Kerala (Kerala ranks lowest in Corruption index), which means most of the officials are rule-book following types.6. Necessity to move to other statesLot of ventures that had its base in Kerala had to move to other cities, as part of various business linkages or due to mergers & acquisitions. For example, one of Kerala’s most successful IT startup that grew into an IT Major was MobMe. It was one of the first generation start ups that inspired for more ventures and also helped many telecom companies to expand their Value-added services. MobMe grew to a major company and had its corporate HQ in Kochi. But when Airtel signed a major contract with Mobme to switch their entire VAS to Mobme platform, they had shifted their corporate office to Gurgaon as to better link with Airtel (as Airtel’s HQ was in Gurgaon). Same with another successful IT Company Chillr which was acquired by Truecall and now became Truepay. Chillr was a Kochi based company, but as acquired by Truecall, they moved to Bangalore which was the base of the Truecall company in India.I have seen many people often say, it was communists who been against computerization in India in 1980s, which led to Kerala missing the bus. Well, its absolutely a stereotype and its to counter that, I have highlighted how India’s first IT Park was established by the same communist party.But whats true in that belief was that, almost all trade unions of India, be it CITU (Communists), INTUC (Congress) or BMS (BJP) were opposed to computerization in 1980s which was a pet project of Congress own Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Congress veterans like Valayar Ravi and Ommen Chandy were opposed to computerization in Kerala that time and led 45 days protest at Calicut University against university computerization project which got funds from central govt. So as CITU led state wide protests against Banks adopting Computers. So as BMS which launched huge protests nation wide against computerization, which they highlight even today as their key achievement (screenshot attached). So almost all trade unions were doing the same in that period.But this hasn’t affected much with Kerala embracing digital technology. Infact Kerala is India’s first fully digitized state with 90% e-literacy and adoption of technologies by the government.Kerala becomes country’s first digital stateKerala declared first digital state in India: All you need to knowHowever, this hasn’t pushed Kerala to the league of Bangalore or Hyderabad.My take on this is that, Kerala can never be in that league too. The fundamentals for that league is city centric/concentrated development which is impossible in Kerala. Kerala aspires for an egalitarian model, so comparing that league with Kerala’s model will be comparing apples with oranges.Kerala’s IT thrust fully lies on Small-Medium Performing companies- SMP sector. The chances for large players, say Microsoft or Google or Amazon or Accenture etc to invest in Kerala will be less as they need a city centric model. So rather aspiring for impossible, Kerala gears itself to Israeli IT Model which is primarily creating a local start-up ecosystem. Kerala is in process of developing a huge start up ecosystem from the scratch (unlike Bangalore or Hyderabad which already has an ecosystem where startups can easily develop/incubate). Infact within last 4–5 years, Kerala’s startup Ecosystem grew so rapidly that we are one of the top performers in developing IT Startups. I have written detailed about it earlier.Arun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ)'s answer to Why is Kerala not the manufacturing nor innovation of hub of India despite being the most literate state of India?Once an ecosystem is enabled, automatically it will bring in more and more players, through mergers and acquisitions. For example Baker Huges has a huge development center in Kerala, only because Baker Huges acquired a local SMP company. Israeli IT sector model was creating more and more SMP companies and making them acquired by MNCs.Development of Kerala Silverline HSR, helps to travel across Kerala at shorter hours (entire 600 Kms of Kerala’s length can be covered in 3.5 hours), which I believe shall resolve the issue of multiple city centric development model which Kerala follows. This helps IT Companies to invest in any one city and travel across Kerala for business work, if required.Kerala should pin hopes on post Covid new work culture pattern. Covid has exposed the danger of putting all eggs in one city. When a city goes under lockdown or any sort of calamity, it shall affect business operation of that organization. This is something many companies have realized and it’s likely that many companies to start smaller campus across India rather having large fewer campuses. With more Work from Home options coming up, Kerala’s innovative concepts like Work Near Homes, Shared Work spaces, Work lodges etc should able to attract more companies and home talents to the stateWFH out, beat COVID-19 with WNH, Kerala IT Parks offer new ideaKerala Govt comes out with Work Sharing Bench proposal for IT Professionals : CMKerala govt announces slew of proposals to revive Rs 4,500 crore-loss hit IT sectorAnd of course, we need to invest heavily in research facilities and push more private universities and research centers. Older style researches for getting a PhD certification and joining in Govt service for teaching will NO MORE HELP Kerala, if we need to grow big in Software sector.

I will express an opinion which may be contrary to present narrative across the country:Union budget 2019:Few questions first :Does the budget represent current realities in this country. ?Does it look like a confidence vision by a government who has been reelected with such massive mandate?Does the budget has any concrete plans and visions for future?Does the budget present any blue print on what does being 5 trillion economy means?Does the budget change anything for Education particularly school and college education?Does the budget change anything on delivery of health services ?Does the budget do anything to rah the goal of doubling farmers income by 2022?Does the budget do anything on creating Jobs?If you will go through the budget speech and documents and details published in the media you will find the budget to be DAMP SQUIB , a document which does not represent any reality of such massive mandate and seems to be a half hearted exercise which had to be statutorily completed and the government had no interest in putting its vision and mission for the next 5 years.The government had an opportunity to be bold and aggressive in changing the reality of this nation in many ways but it has not got out off its habit of raising platitudes which are hollow .The budget has 2 good proposals and they are : Piped water in every village and solid waste treatment as part of Swach 2 initiative.For the above list :Government had massive opportunity to focus on improving EDUCATION and HEALTH infrastructure, which would have turned India into advanced nation and deliveries and qualities would have matched any where globally and this would have created lakhs and lakhs of jobs for the youth. But sorry the government is not interested and we as people of India are indifferent to it; the media awakes only when there is outbreak of preventable disease and death like in Gorakhpur and Muzzafarpur ……..The government had massive opportunity to legally introduce BT seeds , dismantle APMC and increase government procurement, create infrastructure for COLD chain, rainwater harvesting, rehabilitating water bodies, rehabilitating rivers. Just understand when there is no water for irrigation in hinterland, villages, from where the water for piped supply will be sourced. Presently India is defined as water scare geography for 9 of the 12 months every year, the depleting water sources and unavailability of drinking water in TN , parched fields of Marathwada, Bundelkhand , Orissa etc do not interest us and sorry the government is also not interested.Without proper health, education, suitable employbility , with low or no returns on investments to farmer, small and marginal business, SME, MSME. Export sectors it does not matter if the Stock Market declares India to be 5 trillion economy, this government claims that we became 2 trillion economy between 2014–2019 but does it change anything on ground level. NO. The government had massive opportunity to push the gains of the so called booming economy to the bottom of the pyramid but other than few cosmetic changes here and there nothing concrete has been done or intentions to do have been displayed.The availability of power , drinking water, the mismanagement of traffic and services in most urban centers , the massive urban decay all around us , The waste management situation, the air, water, land pollution, maintenance and improvement of public assets , the climate change, and other issues do not interest most of us and as we do not talk about it and are SORRY the government is indifferent and just not interested.I have not touched other issues like Banking, NBFC, Defence, etc as I believe there are people who can articulate better then me on these issues. Based on my experience across the country i hoped the government after getting such massive approvals and mandate would get down from High Pedestal and use this opportunity to realy bring change in our lives and give a massive push to become a developed and high income nation but alas it seems its our destiny to be member of mid income countries and looking at the budget it seems the government is just not interested to push us to being high income country and as usual we the people of the country are not interested and we are actually happy at the crumbs being thrown to us in form of IT rebate which is nullified by surcharge on fuel in mid to long term and proves the claim of being a 2–3 trillion economy with robust Tax collection both direct and indirect and massive success of GST as patently false and untrue.Post Script:I do not how many of the readers follow non GODI media but a news has been circulating which is not VIRAL as it is of no consequence and importance : Students in Pitthoragarh district ( which is on tri-junction of boundary between India-Nepal-China) are agitating for teachers and latest books in the library of the college. But no body is giving them a hearing; the fact is latest books in the library are of 1987 vintage; nearly 30 years since new books were purchased; still the students are studying about Soviet Union and cold war but soviet Union does not exist, Cold war has been won, Berlin wall no longer exist .Pitthoragarh is not an exception but similar conditions exist across the country.The above displays apathy of the political class and the government despite having received massive mandate in 2019 has shown no empathy towards such conditions of our colleges across the country.But as the media, and common citizens of this country is not interested in these news the government is also does not talk or speak about it and these issues do not attract traction among common citizens of this country hence there is no protest on import duty imposed on importing books.

The cause of the global rise of the right and decline of ethical political discourse, as well as of the wave of far-right conservatism in the world, is a heavy-handed tax evasion campaign commissioned by the ultra-rich. This is what is behind Brexit, Trump, the Bannon method, the rising fascism in many peripheral and not so peripheral nations.Part of the solution is to understand that social media has sought to ‘regulate’ itself by cherry-picking the rules they would follow from a) social communications and media such as radio and TV, and b) from private telecommunications such as postal mail and telephony, that is ideal for their business model, but is completely unrealistic, and harmful to the public and to political institutions in general. The same rules that apply to mass communication must apply to social media, and that their guiding rule-set must be an addition, and not a subtraction, of regulations in both fields.They want to stop paying taxes, period, as they must under any republican order - in which they have mostly already succeeded in the US and Britain. This is not a spontaneous political phenomenon nor is it result of the natural alternation of power, as what preceded it was neoliberalism (Bush, Thatcher), briefly interspersed with high-performing center leaders (Obama, center-center-left but considered far left by an already radicalized opposition), yet now we have this current 'anti-system' circus fascism (Trump, Johnson): it’s the plutocracy striving to seize power directly, republics seeming obsolete to them. The ultra-rich pitching the uneducated conservatives against the educated liberals in a perfectly obvious divide-to-conquer strategy.The process is self-reinforcing, as the lack of good, stable jobs and affordable, or free at point of delivery, quality health and education (due to already prevailing tax elision) will stress out the working and middle class so much as to make them sick, stupid - and eventually actually appreciative of authoritarian ‘solutions’. (How) Our Economy Made it Impossible For the Average Person to Live a Decent LifeIn a few decades this process, and its success or failure, could be decisive as the anticipated systemic crises:Economic - with structural unemployment created by universal automation, which will render the Universal Basic Income a necessity for the preservation of consumer markets and the very social order - or there will be only small islands of wealth in a sea of misery, under a militarized regime; andEnvironmental - with climatic collapse and possible universal semi-desertification requiring major investment in climate remediation, desalination and irrigation, rising sea protection, refugee relocation, and so forth.Since they would much rather not have to support these solutions, via the taxation of the profits from large corporations and investments, the ultra-rich - who already concentrate much of the world's wealth (in fact, almost all of the net wealth available to spend) are looking for a way out, where they can “take the money and run”, as in the movie Elysium.The 1% grabbed 82% of all wealth created in 2017Just 8 men own same wealth as half the worldThe purpose of this campaign is to overthrow the republic and set up a regime where progressive, or even flat-rate, taxation is not expected and the powerful are usually above any remaining laws – returning to an older, medieval, state of affairs after the “gap” of modernity. This world is already much closer than one would suppose: fiscal elision, or tax avoidance (legalized tax evasion via loopholes) is already very much the rule in the US, where large companies and ultra-rich people no longer pay taxes.Amazon will pay $0 in taxes on $11,200,000,000 in profit for 2018These Billionaires Want The Ultra-Wealthy To Pay More In TaxesSome of the ultra-rich have simply stopped identifying with the rest of humanity, and envision an escape after the collapse of society – which is the famous “take the money and run”The super rich are preparing for the end of the worldAre the Wealthy Plotting To Leave Us Behind?Survival of the RichestInstead of planning a sustainable world, with the exception of a few idealist visionaries, the piratical attitude is to bleed the world dry and then run with the loot, as the dead world crumbles. The cruel revel in their prowess; the neutral, claim impotence to alter the course of eventsThis plutocratic “dog eat dog” law does only not apply in Social-Democratic Europe, which is why it become the first and foremost target of induced fascism and separatism: The Man Who Wants to Unmake the WestThis global campaign has been amassing easy victories, so far, in part because it is well organized, and a surprise attack that uses new and sophisticated techniques. It combines:Movements to make street demonstrations, several funded by Charles KochThe Koch Brothers’ Covert OpsKoch brothers' free-market group plan anti-Occupy rally in New YorkThink tanks to come up with conservative arguments for public debatesDo conservative think tanks help to balance policy debates? – Jason Stahl | Aeon IdeasA pocket guide to conservative think tanksDevaluing the Think TankSponsoring far-right (and, in Europe, separatist) partiesApplying, of course, the infamous Bannon method, of firehosing and systematic lying, where possible segmented by interest group‘I made Steve Bannon’s psychological warfare tool’: meet the data war whistleblowerIn New Memoirs, Two Whistle-Blowers Offer Details From Inside Cambridge AnalyticaInside Cambridge Analytica's Plot to Break the WorldNew Cambridge Analytica Leaks to Expose Election Manipulation in 68 Countries...Why is this happening now? Like everything that happens, always by a combination of factors.Income concentration returned to nineteenth-century levels after reaching its highest distribution in 1970. Piketty writes a great deal about it. And they certainly don’t know what to do with so much money and power.Capital in the Twenty-First Century (here he describes the current concentration of wealth, which is astounding)Capital and Ideology (here he proposes a strong progressive taxation that would be suitable for the world of today)In terms of absolute values, the amassed sums are the largest ever; also, the energy consumed and physical power available even to the common man are the largest in history.With the fall of the Soviet Union, capitalism no longer needs to keep up appearances and maintain a good-looking aspect. It is possible that social democracy, with its broad social and labor rights is impossible, or at least jeopardized, without a real threat of communism on the horizon, except where it can impose itself as a consensus in society.As a result, the less conscious ultra-rich see no reason why not to shape the world at their own pleasure, in a predatory way - in a form of noblesse oblige in reverse.Noblesse oblige, “nobility obliges,” was the moral obligation the aristocracy felt to help society, create a better world, and set a good example of moral and finesse to others - an obligation they felt because of their privileged situation. Today its inversion occurs, its reptile version, the reptile permet, "the reptile condition allows" where, as with Komodo dragons cannibalizing their own young, the powerful and/or wealthy allow themselves a more predatory behavior, ignoring morals, being more aggressive and cynical, worse in every way, when in a dominant position.…The Bannon method was originally created to enable Brexit. Thus, to understand the Bannon method in its methods and objectives, one must first understand Brexit, and its clear objective of tax evasion. Brexit started the moment Europe announced the new tax evasion laws effective as of 2020, cracking down on European companies using tax havens and employing tax avoidance (or 'aggressive tax planning'): Bradley Kieser's answer to Can someone give a simple summarized explanation of Boris Johnson’s plan for Brexit that the typical American not closely following the situation could understand?Popular social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, are their biggest tools and supporters: any self-regulatory speech on their part is strictly false: paying to boost fakes or whatever is great for profits. Sacha Baron Cohen: Facebook would have let Hitler buy ads for 'final solution'Inside the hate factory: how Facebook fuels far-right profitAny real regulation of Facebook and Twitter will have to be externally enforced, as in any other powerful industry. Climate groups can't run ads about global warming on Twitter, but Exxon canNot a part of the Bannon method, another related media phenomenon, practical anti-science campaigns such as climate denial are sponsored by Big Oil - Shell, Exxon, etc… and, lo and behold, Big Internet too, go figure.Google and Facebook Backed an Event Denying Climate ChangeThe Climate Denial Machine: How the Fossil Fuel Industry Blocks Climate Action.Following the Money That Undermines Climate Science…meanwhile, “humorous” anti-science campaigns such as the “Flat Earth” movement are not maintained for their intrinsic merit, but as a laboratory for researching the level of obtainable irrationality and how to achieve it most easily....The argument in favor of regressive taxation (the rich paying less taxes) would be to stimulate the economy, but this has always been a technically unfounded and hypocritical argument. Companies do not hire when the “slaves” are extra cheap, but when they need to increase production, as a result of permanent rises in sales - which is why trickle-down economics never worked and never will. Guardian: Trickle-down economics is the greatest broken promise of our lifetime...The whole current neofascist/neofeudal effort is a mere dress rehearsal. Today a mere nuisance in the developed economies, it will become a major global danger after the all-too-likely environmental crisis and structural unemployment hit hard in 25 or 50 years - if we fail to learn how to deal with it now. (Even though we can already see what social relations would be like in a post-apocalyptic world, in those environments and situations that are dominated by post-truth, post-ethics, bat-shit crazy, alt-righters.)Nazism prevailed in Germany when the draconian Treaty of Versailles massacred the economy to the point of creating an unprecedented social crisis and one of the greatest hyperinflations in history.Aboriginal civilization on Easter Island regressed back to the Stone Age after cut down the island’s last tree large enough to make fishing canoes, on an island surrounded by deep shark-infested waters. When Europeans first discovered them, initially did not believe that the ancestors of these hungry savages had erected those monuments.We have to learn, from this current early trial of fascism, how to deal with it, and the educational and institutional countermeasures to be used (for example, in Germany there are a thousand campaigns for tolerance and against racism every day, everywhere, even today).Above all, we must fix right now the issue of tax evasion and tax avoidance by the rich, the ultra-rich, and the big corporations - without loopholes, and forging a consensus in society that the rich must pay at least as much taxes as everyone else in the coming decades. This is what comprises taking the pro-democracy, pro-republic, fight to them.(book) The Triumph of Injustice: How the Rich Dodge Taxes and How to Make Them PayOnly the taxes paid by the ultra-rich and major corporations will enable dealing with the upcoming crises. We will very probably need terraforming and mass desalination and irrigation projects. We will certainly need to address the structural mass unemployment created by automation through the Universal Basic Income, which is what the current tax evasion effort wants to avoid at all costs. The UBI - including affordable quality education to foster entrepreneurship: if there is one truly universal economic law, it’s that ‘people always want more’ - is what will allow the transition to knowledge-based, humanist, post-monetary society - portrayed, for example, in all works of science fiction that portray a positive (not post-apocalyptic) world in the future.Here's What the First Universal Basic Income Participants Told Us They're Doing With the Extra MoneyWhy is everyone talking about Universal Basic Income?Universal Basic IncomeShould Everyone Get a Guaranteed Income?...The current ideological war will only end, either with:the republic as a political institution becoming extinct and an authoritarian corporate neofeudalism, with control and vigilance of its ‘subjects’ (no longer true citizens - and we are already halfway there, in many places) becoming the world norm; orwhen it is once more accepted as the norm that the rich will pay more taxes than the poor (it's called 'progressive taxation' and has been the fiscal norm for centuries) - or at least that everyone pays exactly the same proportional value, however with absolutely no loopholes, a flat-rate tax - which is, by the way, a conservative banner - yet with absolutely no loopholes for big and rich companies, and extensive transparency mechanisms to secure it. Banking, financial, and fiscal transparency, as well as other well-known basic anti-corruption mechanisms, will be needed, for this to work. That there be no breaches for tax evasion - and tax avoidance, or currently legalized tax evasion, be no longer legal: that was the change in European law that brought about Brexit.…The regulation of new technologies is indispensable: many people died of radiation, DDT and lead in gasoline in the first half of the twentieth century. Regulating new technologies will always be necessary. All countries need to regulate social media to counteract the Bannon method based on the hyper-segmented, secretive and systematic lying.No secrecy - ending the "public, but secret" sphere - no secret collective messages: private communication belongs to individuals, not collectives. All social media groups and their messages must be open to the public (not just the authorities). All mass media has always been public and open. Mass media and private communications operate under different rules. The technology of the mass media may vary: printed newspaper, radio, TV… or Internet; the medium is irrelevant. What they are doing is cherry-picking the more convenient rules and capabilities from both mass media and private telecommunications. If one will argue the sender’s private right to systematic lying, consider the receiver's right to being correctly informed: in an authentically private social media group, such as a family or high school class group, the intimacy and closeness to the situation reveals liars in no time.Bots and fake accounts should be prohibited.Systematic lying is a scourge on all communications. The fact, as subjective as it may be, is the greatest value in communications; the mere concept of 'fake news' fails to encompass memes, tweets, and other non-news texts. The personal truth (even if always highly subjective) must be present at some level; a fundamental value of communication, its absence reduces language to the phatic function ("uhn hum", "hello", or barking).Also, maybe mere regulation is not enough. There could be an argument for it being necessary that social media be maintained by nonprofit or public foundations. If we consider the exchange of human knowledge and opinion a natural (and perhaps a key) mental resource of mankind, it is not so different from electricity or plumbing of other utilities that are always public or heavily regulated. That way, they can use less alienating algorithms (the way you always see your same twenty friends out of thousands), employ fact-checking moderation, not tracking you and selling your data to the highest bidder so you may be lied to in secret, etc.…When trying to reinvent the wheel daily, sometimes essential things are lost. I will now extend a conservative view, in the sense of preserving necessary traditions:Classical and critical education for the masses is not really optional. See Besser's answer to Why do some people think that Americans are dumb?Postmodernism is a mere spice - not a substitute - for modernism, or the whole thing redounds in dadaism.Illuminism (“Major Themes of the Enlightenment: Reason, Individualism & Skepticism”) is still the prevailing Western civilizational paradigm (deserving this name). And it has not even reached its full development.Transparency and reason are the fundamental pillars of the republic.Reason and ethics go out the door together, when the aim is to destroy the republic. The new paradigm the plutocracy wants to impose is brutalist, based on will - or rather, raw power - which is the only thing they have in their favor.…When trying to communicate with conservatives, keep in mind two facts:Everyone in the same social class needs the same things. (Never mind what people want, they can be convinced to want lots of useless stuff, say fidget spinners, or humorists hosting TV shows with live torture of political dissidents). Workers and middle class people need education, health, employment, everyone needs safety. We are all equal in our physical needs.Everyone has to pay taxes. Exempting the rich, very rich, and corporations from paying as much taxes as everyone else does not create jobs. The only thing that generates jobs are sustained increases in sales. And this means workers earning enough to spend. Allowing the very rich to evade paying their taxes never helps the economy, or anyone in fact, but themselves.