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Here are a few interesting facts about Karnataka—Chanakya's Arthashastra— Acharya Chanakya's monumental work, the Arthashastra was all but lost until it was rediscovered in the Oriental Research Library, Mysuru in 1905 by R. Shamashastri.The British had thought that India's ideas of governance were derived from the Greeks but the discovery of this original manuscript from Mysuru changed that. This discovery also made the 3rd century BC Arthashastra the earliest book on governance dethroning the 16th century work 'The Prince' by Nicolo Machiavelli by a good 2000 years!!. The Arthashastra was then copied onto New palm leaves and also translated to English by the same Vidwan Shri Shamashastri.Dharwar Craton— A craton is an old stable portion of the lithosphere. Did you know that the Dharwar Craton is the earliest building block of the Indian landmass!!. It was formed around 3.2 to 4 billion years ago, that means during the time when the core of the Earth was just beginning to cool down for the Earth to start hardening!!.Named after its starting point in the town of Dharwad, Karnataka, this V shape formation of rocks passes through Central and Eastern Karnataka and ends near Ballari. The rocks that created the Craton became the bedrock around which other rocks aggregated to form Peninsular India. Other rocks in other parts of India were formed almost a billion years later. These rocks are also found in Bengaluru present as a Peninsular Gneiss outcrop in Lalbagh Gardens. The Nandi hills also belong to this Craton. Keep this in mind when you visit either of these places.(Nandi hills)(Peninsular Gneiss outcrop, Bengaluru)Odisha Amalaka, Holalu edict— The Amalaka , the distinctive crown atop the temples of the Kalinga school of Architecture seems to have been first innovated in Karnataka!!. There is an exquisite model in the Mahakuta temple complex ,Bagalkote, Karnataka which was constructed in the 6th century by the Chalukyas. There is also a supporting inscription at Holalu.I have read that even historians from Odisha while tracing the history of the Kalinga school remember the Holalu inscription with gratitude.Pattadakallu and Aihole— These two towns were the Heartland of the Chalukyas and thus are home to a large number of temples from the 5th to 7th centuries. These two places were like an experimentation lab of Indian architecture with the stylstic features developed here being replicated throughout India.There is probably no other such site in India.For example, there is the Gaudaragudi temple at Aihole dedicated to Shri Gowri where the pradakshina patha ( circambulatory path around the sanctum) was first innovated and incorporated. This is now a common feature in all Indian temples. Pattadakallu has temples that employ the use of fractals in their design!!.Tourists rarely visit this place bit it is truly one of the greatest destinations for those interested in Indian temple architecture.UNESCO describes Pattadakallu as “a harmonious blend of architectural forms from Northern and Southern India ” and“ an illustration of eclectic art at its height”.Iron pillar at kodachadri— The temple town of Kolluru famed for the Mookambika Thayi temple also has another interesting feature. The Moola Sthana boasts of an iron pillar that has not rusted. This is in a place where it rains 6 to 8 months a year and the average rainfall is around 750 cm per year!!. Metallurgical studies conducted on a small sample of the pillar revealed that the pillar was composed of very pure iron with less than 0.05 percent carbon along with small inclusions of silicate. The pillar was supposedly constructed by the tribals of the region and according to people is around 2000 years old!!. This again gives impetus to the advanced metallurgical techniques that India had in its long history. This pillar hasn't received as much attention as the iron pillar at Delhi.First Indian city to be lit up by electric Street lights— Bengaluru was the first Indian as well as Asian city to be lit up with electric Street lights. This happened on August 5,1905 in the K R Market area. This happened when Rajarishi Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar decided that the 2000 HP surplus power that was being produced at the Shivanasamudra plant would be diverted to light the streets of Bengaluru.The gold found in Harappa has traces of silver in it. This gold is quite unique and had been mined from the Hatti mines and Kolar Gold fields (KGF) of Karnataka. That is to say Karnataka had ancient relationships with the Harappan civilization.Guru bhistappayya — Many know that the great Karnata (Vijayanagara) empire was destroyed in the fateful battle at Rakkasagi Tangadagi, but few know of a Yogi by name Guru Bhistappayya who came to the ruined capital and took up the task of restoring a number of temples at and around Hampi. The tall gopura of the Virupaksha temple is his contribution.I will write a separate answer enlisting his achievements shortly.( I have attached the link to the answer at the last. Please go through it)Siribhoovalaya— This work by Kumudendu muni is unique in that it is composed entirely in Kannada numerals and not in words!!. But it's uniqueness doesn't just stop there; it is unique again in that it is a multilingual work!!. It uses the Kannada numerals from 1 to 64 in 729 magic squares and by assigning letters to the values, one can get verses in Kannada,Prakrit, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu . It covers a vast array of information from mathematics, Astronomy, Ayurveda , Chemistry and Alchemy. There is probably no other such book in the world.Most number of GI tagged products— Karnataka has the highest number of GI tagged products in India. It has 47 such products which include Mysuru silk, three types of Jasmine namely Mysore mallige, Udupi mallige and hoovina hadagali mallige.Kamalapura kembaale, Chennapatna toys, Bidariware, Bengaluru rose onion ,Karnataka bronzeware are some other products in the list.The jasmine of Hoovina hadagali was actually transported in boats on the Tungabhadra river for the daily worship of Shri Virupaksha swami of Hampi during the heydays of the Vijayanagara empire. It is now used in the costliest perfumes.Karnataka Kasuti, another GI tagged craft is one of the oldest embroidery styles of India. It has its origin during the reign of the Badami Chalukyas of the 5th century.Wootz steel— The legendary Damascus swords of the middle ages were forged from the Indian Wootz steel brought from India by Arab tradesmen. Many scholars opine that the Wootz steel gets its name from the Kannada word ‘Ukku' which means steel. It was manufactured in Mysore,Malabar, Tanjore and Golkonda. This steel was manufactured by the crucible process using the leaves of the tangadi plant as one of the ingredients. The exact process of making these steels is now lost as the British destroyed all the steel manufacturing units after the first war of independence in 1857. Research points out that the presence of carbide molecules made the steels very strong.Sandalwood— Karnataka has the best sandalwood trees. As a result, it produces the best sandalwood oil and other by products from Sandalwood. Hence it is also called the Sandal State of India.Widow pension— The first state to introduce the widow pension scheme was the princely state of Mysore. It was started by none other than the Rajarishi Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar. The story goes like this; an old woman came to the palace gates and started scolding the Maharaja. This happened for three continuous days. The news reached the Maharaja who summoned her to his durbar. On asking her the reason for her anger, she replied that she was a widow who was thrown out of her house and that she was starving since then. Moved by her plight, the Maharaja ordered that a small sum be given to her monthly to cover her basic needs. If the story had ended here, it would not have been remarkable;. The Maharaja's farsightedness came to the forefront when he ordered that this scheme shall henceforth start for all the widows of the entire Mysore state. This system was then emulated throughout India.T.N. Srikantayya coined the Rashtrapati term— Have you ever wondered who coined the term Rashtrapati for the Indian President?. It was Shri T.N. Srikantayya. Teerthapura Nanjundayya Srikantayya( ತೀ.ನಂ.ಶ್ರೀ) , a Kannadiga coined the term ‘Rashtrapati' for the Indian President. The term was accepted unanimously. Tee Nam Shree also prepared and published the Kannada version of the Constitution.Gandhiji and Belgaum— The Indian National Congress held its 39th session in Belagavi on 26th and 27th December,1924. It was presided by none other than Mahatama Gandhi. In fact, this was the only session of the INC when Gandhiji acted as the president. He was invited by his dear friend and close companion, Karnataka Kesari Shri Gangadhara Rao Deshpande(the lion of Karnataka). Interestingly, it was at Belgaum that Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak launched the Home Rule League in the Provincial Conference held in 1916.Flag making— The Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyuktha Sangha is the only authorised body for the manufacturing of our National Flag. It was founded on November 1,1957 at Bengeri village, Hubballi. The Flag material is subjected to 18 tests to see if it is suitable for its intended purpose.The raw products are processed at another village by name Tulasigere while the finished products are made at Bengeri. !!. This is another matter of great pride to Kannadigas.Also, the entire team which looks after the manufacturing of our National Flag is an all women teamInk making— Did you know that the ink that is applied on our forefinger to prevent illegal multiple voting is manufactured in Karnataka. Mysore Paints and Varnish limited is the only company authorised to produce the indelible ink for use in elections.Shiva lingas— Karnataka is home to a very unique Shiva linga; a Shiva linga made completely of sacred ash(Vibhuti). This linga is at the Pangala Jangama Matha, Udupi and dates back to 1641 AD during the rule of the Keladi Nayaka's. This is a very unique linga in the entire country.Karnataka also has the unique honey coloured Madhukeshvara linga at Banavasi which is very ancient.Few would not have heard about Gokarna, the very place where the atma linga of lord Shiva is installed. This linga is said to have been installed here by Raavana himself due to a prank played by Lord Ganapati so that Raavana will not become all powerful. The linga is in the shape of a cow's ear as Raavana deformed it while trying to uproot it, hence the name ‘Gokarna' and ‘Mahabaleshwara', the mightiest one.(Om beach, Gokarna)”It is an extremely special place. One can also enjoy the beaches if they come to Gokarna. Very near to Gokarna, is the temple of Idagunji Ganapati where an ancient two handed idol of Lord Ganapati in a standing pose is the presiding deity. This is one among the very few Ganesha idols with two hands.Speaking of lord Ganesha, Karnataka also has the only Udhavaasa Ganapati, where lord Ganesha is submerged in a pool of water at Guddatu Vinayaka gudi, Kundapura. The idol is submerged upto the neck in water which is brought from the temple well everyday.Hoyulu— Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatha swami temple, in Dharmasthala is unique in that though a Shiva temple, the Shiva linga is worshipped by Vaishnavaites and the temple itself is maintained by Jains.The Dharmadhikari of the temple( called the Heggade) also discharges judicial functions in that he settles the ‘Hoyulus'. Hoyulus' are civil complaints presented at Dharmasthala by people of all creeds. Both the parties present the case to the Dharmadhikari who gives his verdict which is taken as the will of the lord. The beleif in the Hoyulus is such that long standing cases have been settled amicably. In fact, decisions given at Hoyulus are accepted by the Civil courts of the country.Karnataka has had a large number of distinguished woman rulers right from the earliest times like Priyaketaladevi,Malladevi, Rani Abbakka (a tuluva queen who defeated the Portuguese twice), Keladi Chennamma, kitturu Chennamma etcKhalsa panth— When Guru Gobind Singh was pained at the persecution and suffering of his followers, he went to the town of Nayanadevi and asked for volunteers to protect the country among the people gathered there. Of the five people who volunteered was a barber from Bidar , Karnataka by name Saheb Chand. These five people formed the Khalsa Panth by training a large number of warriors to fight against the persecution caused by Aurangzeb.Encouragement to Yoga—Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar compiled the Sritatvanidhi, a most complete document of yoga asanas to date. Yoga was greatly encouraged by the Maharajas of Mysore, especially Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar. It was under his patronage that T.Krishnamacharya developed the Vinyasa Karma yoga.World first patanjali temple — The world's first Guru Patanjali temple was built at Bellur , Karnataka in 2004 by the great yogacharya BKS Iyengar, a student of Sri T.Krishnamacharya . BKS Iyengar choose this place as it was his birthplace.Home to Elephants— Karnataka has the highest number of elephants among the South Indian states. Biligiri Ranga, an elephant in the royal stables of Mysore seemed to have stood 12 feet tall!!. Another famous Dasara elephant, Airavatha stood 11 feet tall and had also played the role of Kala Nag, the protagonist's pet elephant in the old English film ‘The Elephant boy’ which was based on Rudyard Kipling's Toomai of the elephants. Other famous elephants include Drona, Balarama and Abhimanyu. Various elephants from Karnataka have also been used to capture man eating tigers in other states too.( A still from the flim showing the ginormous Airavatha)Karnataka also has this!!. This magnificent tusker is called Mr. Kabini. Also called Bhogeshwara, his tusks scrape the ground!!. He is probably the longest tusker in India.The popular show Malgudi Days based on the novel of the same name by RK Narayan was also completely shot mainly in Agumbe with a few episodes shot in Devarayanadurga,both in Karnataka. It was directed by a Kannadiga Shankar Nag and featured many actors from Karnataka.Karnataka has the largest monolithis of Asia namely Savandurga and Madhugiri. Savandurga rises 1226 m above sea level and is a favourite for trekkers.(Savandurga).Kunchikal Falls— Kunchikal falls is the highest waterfalls in India. The waterfalls cascades down a height of 1493 feet!!. It is located close to the Udupi Shivamogga border in Karnataka.Karnataka also has many other stunning waterfalls like the Gerusoppa Waterfalls (Jog falls)Some other falls are the Lushington waterfalls(Unchalli Jalapaatha), Abbe falls, Hebbe falls etc.The Unchalli Jalapaatha, near Sirsi is among the 6 locations in the world and the only one in Asia favourable for the formation of the Moonbow!!( Moonbow at Unchalli Jalapaatha)Appemidi of Karnataka-‘ Midi ‘in Kannada means tender. The appemidi mango variety of Karnataka are an indigenous tender mango type native to the moist tropical rainforests of the Western ghats of Karnataka in the districts of Shivamogga, Chikmagalur and Uttara Kannada. They are oblong in shape.They are extensively used in pickles and are known for their unique flavour. There are around 40–50 varieties of these unqiue fruit with each variety named after a person or family like Haladota appe‌, Ananta bhatna appe, Chouti appe etc.In fact, one can find entire villages named after the mango fruit called Maavu or Maavinakayi in Kannada. Examples are Maavinakoppa, Maavinahole, Maavinakurve !!Other native mango fruits from Karnataka are Rasapuri and Baadami each known for their rich unique sweet taste.Probably Sandalwood cinema produced the first cinema in which a foreign actress has acted in a major role. Margaret Thomsen, an American actress actress acted in the 1975 Kannada cinema ‘Bili Hendthi'Karnataka also has the World's largest monolithic statue of Gommateshwara built in the 10th century by the Gangas at Shravanabelagola and the second largest dome in the world at Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur. Gol Gumbaz is also famous for its whispering gallery where even a small whisper echoes as many as 7 times.(Gol Gumbaz)( Gommateshwara)HelavaruHelavas( derived from the Kannada word helu —narrate) are a group of people who are mainly concentrated in North Karnataka. The men of this group have traditionally maintained the details of birth,deaths, marriages and other familial issues. A sub sect Ettina Helavaru record it in an encapsulated manner. Other Helavas mainly depend on their retention!!. They have been recording genealogies since the 12th century, after they were given this job by the great reformer Basavanna.The Ettina Helavaru recite the entire genealogy in a song manner and when they visit houses, they make additions or deletions in their books regarding the family members. They also record migration histories too.They do not record child marriages as it goes against their ethics. In recent times, they also add small photographs of family members to aid in their retention. The Ettina Helavaru are so called, for earlier they used to visit houses riding on bullocks( ettu in Kannada).Clad in khadi with their characteristic pink shawls, they take what the houses that they offer their services give to them.Since the Ettina Helavas record the genealogies in a written manner, the genealogical records maintained by Helavas are accepted as valid proof in cases pertaining to family feuds.Sadly the younger generation of the Helavas are not interested in this profession and thus this wonderful practice of recording entire family genealogies might be lost.Karnataka also publishes 'Sudharma', the older one of the only two Sanskrit newspapers ( the other one being Vishvasya Vrutantam) and has Matturu, the only Sanskrit speaking village in South India.All these facts along with the culinary variety and hospitality of Kannadigas make Karnataka an indispensable part of India!!. Don't you agree?PS.Edit— I have added information about the Helavaru.Here is the link to my answer about Guru Bhistappayyanavaru. Please go through it.Vishak Athreya's answer to How was the Virupaksha temple spared during the sack of Hampi?If you want to know more about the GI tagged products of India, please visit the YouTube channel GI tripsIndiahttps://youtube.com/channel/UCsiMmpHvBx6dobBI_Gtdvyg.