Program Director Completes The Questions Below, Prints Out Q&A, Signs It And Mai: Fill & Download for Free

The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an examination that primarily tests the comprehensive understanding of various undergraduate subjects in engineering and science for admission into the Masters Program Sector Companies. GATE is conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science and seven Indian Institutes of Technologies at Roorkee, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Chennai (Madras) and Mumbai (Bombay) on behalf of the National Coordination Board – GATE, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Government of India.The GATE score of a candidate reflects the relative performance level of a candidate. The score is used for admissions to various post-graduate education programs (e.g. Master of Engineering, Master of Technology, Master of Architecture, Doctor of Philosophy) in Indian higher education institutes, with financial assistance provided by MHRD and other government agencies. Recently, GATE scores are also being used by several Indian public sector undertakings for recruiting graduate engineers in entry-level positions. It is one of the most competitive examinations in India. GATE is also recognized by various institutes outside India, such as Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.[7]Financial assistance in post-graduate programs[edit]The GATE is used as a requirement for financial assistance (e.g. scholarships) for a number of programs, though criteria differ by admitting institution.[2] In December 2015, the University Grants Commission and MHRD announced that the scholarship for GATE-qualified master's degree students is increased by 55% from ₹8,000 (US$110) per month to ₹12,400 (US$170) per month.[8][9]Eligibility[edit]The following students are eligible to take GATE:[5]Bachelor's degree holders in Engineering / Technology / Architecture (3 years after 10+2/ 10+2+3(ongoing)/ 10+2+4(ongoing)/ http://Post-B.Sc./ Post-Diploma) and those who are in the final year of such programs.Master's degree holders in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or equivalent and those who are in the final year of such programs.Candidates in the second or higher year of Four-year integrated master's degree programs (http://Post-B.Sc.) in Engineering / Technology.Candidates in the fourth or higher year of Five-year integrated master's degree programs or Dual Degree programs in Engineering / Technology.Candidates with qualifications obtained through examinations conducted by professional societies recognized by UGC/AICTE (e.g. AMIE by IE(India), AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers (India)-ICE(I), AMIETE By IETE(India)) as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech.Those who have completed section A or equivalent of such professional courses are also eligible.There is no age limit criterion defined by the exam conducting authority to appear in GATE.[10]Disciplines, structure, syllabus, and marking scheme[edit]Disciplines[edit]At present, GATE is conducted in the following 27 disciplines. A candidate can select any one of these.[2]GATE PaperCodeGATE PaperCodeAerospace EngineeringAEInstrumentation EngineeringINAgricultural EngineeringAGMathematicsMAArchitecture and PlanningARMechanical EngineeringMEBiomedicalBMMining EngineeringMNBiotechnologyBTMetallurgical EngineeringMTCivil EngineeringCEPetroleum EngineeringPEChemical EngineeringCHPhysicsPHComputer Science and Information TechnologyCSProduction and Industrial EngineeringPIChemistryCYTextile Engineering and Fiber ScienceTFElectronics and Communication EngineeringECEngineering SciencesXE*Electrical EngineeringEELife SciencesXL**Environmental Science and EngineeringESHumanities and Social SciencesXH***Ecology and EvolutionEYStatisticsST[11]Geology and GeophysicsGGThe paper sections under XE* , XL** and XH*** are defined by some dedicated codes which are mentioned in the following table-* Engineering Sciences (XE) Paper Sections(A and any 2 of B to H)Code** Life Sciences (XL) Paper Sections(P and any 2 of Q to U)CodeHumanities and Social Sciences (XH) Paper Sections(B1 and any 1 of C1 to C6)CodeEngineering Mathematics (Compulsory)AChemistry (Compulsory)PReasoning and Comprehension (Compulsory)B1Fluid MechanicsBBiochemistryQEconomicsC1Materials ScienceCBotanyREnglishC2Solid MechanicsDMicrobiologySLinguisticsC3ThermodynamicsEZoologyTPhilosophyC4Polymer Science and EngineeringFFood TechnologyUPsychologyC5Food TechnologyGSociologyC6Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesHDuration and examination type[edit]The examination is of 3 hours duration, and contains a total of 65 questions worth a maximum of 100 marks. The examination for all the papers is carried out in an online Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates are shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. The questions consist of some Multiple Choice Questions or MCQs (four answer options out of which only ONE is correct, which has to be chosen). Remaining questions may be of Multiple Select Questions or MSQs (four answer options out of which ONE or MORE than ONE is/are correct, hence correct options need to be chosen) and/or Numerical Answer Type questions or NATs (answer is a real number, to be entered via an on-screen keypad and computer mouse).[2]Syllabus[edit]Verbal Ability: English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups, instructions, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.Numerical Ability: Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and data interpretation.Engineering Mathematics (not for all Papers)Technical Ability: Technical questions related to the Paper chosenQuestions and marking scheme[edit]The examination will consist of totally 65 questions, segregated as One-mark and Two-mark questions. Out of 65 questions, 10 questions will be from General Aptitude (Verbal and Numerical ability) and 55 questions will be Technical, based on the Paper chosen. The General Aptitude section will have 5 One-mark questions and 5 Two-mark questions, accounting for about 15% of total marks. The Technical section and Engineering Mathematics section will combinedly have 25 One-mark questions and 30 Two-mark questions, accounting for about 85% of total marks. Further, all the sections may have some Multiple Choice Questions or MCQs, while remaining questions may be Multiple Select Questions or MSQs and/or Numerical Answer Type questions or NATs. The examination awards negative marks for wrong MCQ answers. Usually, 1/3rd of original marks will be deducted for wrong MCQ answers (i.e. -0.33 for wrong One-mark answers and -0.66 for wrong Two-mark answers) while there are no negative marks for MSQs and NATs. Also there is NO partial credit for MSQs and NATs.Result and test score[edit]GATE results are usually declared about one month after the examinations are over. The results show the total marks scored by a candidate, the GATE score, the all-India rank (AIR) and the cut off marks for various categories in the candidate's paper. The score is valid for 3 years from the date of announcement of the GATE results. The score cards are issued only to qualified candidates.Normalized GATE Score (new procedure)[edit]Calculation of "normalized marks" for subjects held in multiple sessions (CE, CS, EC, EE and ME):Graph showing the linear relationship between "actual marks" and "normalized marks" of a candidate, in a multiple-session subject (CE, CS, EC, EE and ME) of GATE.Mgt= average marks of top 0.1 % candidates in all sessions of that subject.Mgq= mean + standard deviation, of marks of all candidates in all sessions of that subject.Mti= average marks of top 0.1 % candidates in the ith session of that subject.Miq= mean + standard deviation, of marks of all candidates in the ith session of that subject.From 2014 onward, examination for CE, CS, EC, ME and EE subjects is being held in multiple sessions. Hence, for these subjects, a suitable normalization is applied to take into account any variation in the difficulty levels of the question sets across different sessions. The normalization is done based on the fundamental assumption that "in all multi-session GATE papers, the distribution of abilities of candidates is the same across all the sessions". According to the GATE committee, this assumption is justified since "the number of candidates appearing in multi-session subjects in GATE 2014 is large and the procedure of allocation of session to candidates is random. Further it is also ensured that for the same multi-session subject, the number of candidates allotted in each session is of the same order of magnitude."Based on the above, and considering various normalization methods, the committee arrived at the following formula for calculating the normalized marks, for CE, CS, EC, EE and ME subjects:[12]Normalized mark (︿Mij) of jth candidate in ith session, is given by[math]{\displaystyle {\hat {M}}_{ij}={\frac {{\bar {M}}_{t}^{g}-M_{q}^{g}}{M_{ti}-M_{iq}}}(M_{ij}-M_{iq})+M_{q}^{g}}[/math]where,Mijis the actual marks obtained by the jth candidate in the ith session,Mgtis the average marks of the top 0.1 % candidates in all sessions of that subject,Mgqis the sum of mean and standard deviation of marks of all candidates in all sessions of that subject,Mtiis the average of marks of top 0.1 % candidates in the ith session of that subject,Miqis the sum of mean and standard deviation of marks of all candidates in the ith session of that subject.After evaluation of the answers, normalized marks based on the above formula will be calculated using the raw (actual) marks obtained by a candidate in the CE, CS, EC, EE or ME subject. The "score" will be calculated using these normalized marks. For all other subjects (whose tests are conducted in a single session), the actual marks obtained by the candidates will be used in calculating the score.Calculation of GATE Score for all subjects (single-session and multiple-session):Graph showing the linear relationship between marks and score in GATE.Mq= Qualifying marks for general category candidates.Mt= Average marks of top 0.1 % candidates (for subjects with 10000 or more appeared candidates) or top 10 candidates (for subjects with less than 10000 appeared candidates).Sq= 350.St= 900.Note: In case of multiple-session subjects (EC, CS, ME, EE and CE), "marks" considered are the "normalized marks".From GATE 2014 onward (and year 2014-15 of the 2-year validity period of GATE 2013 score), a candidate's GATE score is computed by the following new formula.[13][math]{\displaystyle S=S_{q}+(S_{t}-S_{q}){\frac {M-M_{q}}{{\overline {M}}_{t}-M_{q}}}}[/math]where,S = Score (normalized) of a candidate,M = Marks obtained by a candidate ("normalized marks" in case of multiple-session subjects CE, CS, EC, EE and ME),Mq= Qualifying marks for general category candidates in that subject (usually 25 or μ + σ, whichever is higher),μ = Average (i.e. arithmetic mean) of marks of all candidates in that subject,σ = Standard deviation of marks of all candidates in that subject,Mt= Average marks of top 0.1 % candidates (for subjects with 10000 or more appeared candidates) or top 10 candidates (for subjects with less than 10000 appeared candidates),St= 900 = Score assigned to Mt,Sq= 350 = Score assigned to Mq.A scorecard in the Mechanical Engineering test of GATE 2015. (The candidate's photograph, signature, name, registration number, and QR code are blurred.)Percentile:A candidate's percentile denotes the percentage of candidates scoring lower than that particular candidate. It is calculated as:Percentile = ( 1 - All India rank/No. of candidates in that subject ) x 100%Old formula[edit]Till GATE 2012 (and year 2013-14 of the 2-year validity period of GATE 2013 score), the score was calculated using the formula:[14]GATE score = [math]{\displaystyle 10(a_{g}+s_{g}{\frac {m-a}{S}})}[/math]where,m = Marks obtained by the candidate,a = Average of marks of all candidates who appeared in that subject, in that year, with marks less than zero converted to zero,S = Standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared in that subject, in that year, with marks less than zero converted to zero,ag= Global average of marks of all candidates who appeared across all subjects in current and past 5 years (i.e. 2010 to 2013 for GATE 2013), with marks less than zero converted to zero,sg= Global standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared across all subjects in current and past 5 years (i.e. 2010 to 2013 for GATE 2013), with marks less than zero converted to zero.Qualifying marks[edit]The rules for qualifying marks have varied from year to year. The qualifying marks (out of 100) are different for different subjects as well as categories.CategoryQualifying mark (out of 100)General (GN)25 or 25+, whichever is higher.Other backward classes (OBC)90% of general category's qualifying mark.Scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST)2/3 (i.e., 66.67%) of general category's qualifying mark.Here μ is the average (i.e., arithmetic mean) of marks of all candidates in the subject (with negative marks converted to zero) and σ is the standard deviation of all marks in that subject.Usually, the general category's qualifying mark is in the 25 to 50 range.The Government of India implemented reservations for other backward classes in college admissions and public sector job recruitment in the year 2008. Before that, all OBC candidates were included in the "general" category. There was no separate OBC category then.Statistics[edit]The following line chart shows the number of candidates registered, appeared, and qualified (total of all subjects).RegisteredAppearedQualifiedhideYearRegisteredAppearedQualifiedPercentage of appeared that qualifiedReference(s)2008About 180,000 *About 170,000*[15][16][17]2009About 230,000*About 210,000*[15][17]2010About 415,000 *[18][unreliable source?]2011About 553,000 *[19][unreliable source?]2012777,134686,614108,52615.81%[20]20131,200,728984,855136,69913.88%[21]20141,033,625889,156149,69416.84%[22]2015927,580804,463121,060[13,874 general category candidates who scored above the OBC (NCL) qualifying mark, but below the general category qualifying mark, received scorecards. But they did not qualify.]15.05%[23]2016971,831818,850135,39216.53%[24]2017922,167787,148129,14916%[25]* Precise figures unavailable right now.The following line chart shows the variation of the number of candidates appeared in the 5 subjects with the largest numbers of appeared candidates, since GATE 2010:Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC)Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)Mechanical Engineering (ME)Electrical Engineering (EE)Civil Engineering (CE)All other subjectshideYearElectronics and Communication EngineeringComputer Science and Information TechnologyMechanical EngineeringElectrical EngineeringCivil EngineeringOthersTotalReference(s)2010104,291107,08659,33852,24619,406About 72,000*About 415,000*[18][unreliable source?]2011137,853136,02781,17572,68029,347About 96,000*About 553,000*[26][unreliable source?]2012176,944156,780112,320110,12536,15694,289686,614[20]2013256,135224,160165,814152,38167,472118,893984,855[21]2014216,367155,190185,578141,79990,87299,350889,156[22]2015172,714115,425185,758125,851101,429103,286804,463[23]2016183,152131,803234,727146,293118,1474728818,8502017152,318108,495197,789125,859119,87382814787,1482018125,870107,893194,496121,383153078* Precise figures unavailable right now.Gate Statistics by Years[edit]showGATE 2012 statisticsshowGATE 2013 statisticsshowGATE 2014 statisticsshowGATE 2015 statisticsDifficulty level[edit]GATE, for long, has been known to test the Engineering basics in a smart way. Complaints of "lengthy" problems have been rare. But the task of mastering an entire course of Engineering (around 30 undergraduate subjects) for a three-hour test, itself gives the test a certain level of toughness. Each year, only around 15% of all appearing candidates qualify. High percentiles (more than 99th percentile, in some cases) are required to get admission in M.Tech. or M.E. degree programs in Indian Institutes of Technology and Indian Institute of Science, or get shortlisted for job interviews in Indian public sector undertakings.Admission to post-graduate programs[edit]Unlike undergraduate admissions in India, candidates must apply individually to each institute after the institute has published its M.Tech. notification (usually in the month of March). There is no separate counselling held. For admissions in NIT's and IIIT's, CCMT is held every year and the notification is released around April of each year.[31]Some institutions specify GATE qualification as mandatory even for admission of self-financing students to postgraduate programs. GATE qualified candidates are also eligible for the award of Junior Research Fellowship in CSIR Laboratories and CSIR sponsored projects. Top rank holders in some GATE papers are entitled to apply for "Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship" awarded by CSIR. Some government organizations prescribe GATE qualification as a requirement for applying to the post of a Scientist/Engineer.In recent years, various academicians have recognized GATE as being one of the toughest exams in its category. Some non-Indian universities like the National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and some technical universities in Germany also identify GATE score as a parameter for judging the quality of the candidates for admission into their Masters and Ph.D. programs.Some management institutes like NITIE, Mumbai offer admission to Post Graduate Diploma in Industrial Engineering on the basis of GATE score.Most Indian institutes do not specify cut-off marks for previous years. So there is a general confusion in terms of selecting institutes and specializations. But in the recent years IIT Kharagpur and IIT Guwahati have been specifying last year cut-off mark list. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi has a very detailed website on Post Graduate (PG) activities and admissions where students can find the relevant information on cut-off marks etc. Typically the Indian Institute of Science and Indian Institutes of Technology are the most selective followed by National Institutes of Technology and others. Also there are some state universities in India, whose standards and facilities are very much comparable to top IITs and NITs. Some of them are Punjab Engineering College( Deemed to be University) (Chandigarh), Bengal Engineering and Science University (recently converted to IIEST), Jadavpur University, Delhi Technological University, gautam budh technical university, u.p, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Andhra University College of Engineering, Osmania University etc. Even within the top institutes, the selection criteria varies widely across departments and programs depending on expertise areas. The Directorate of Technical Education of Maharashtra state has also started conducting CAP round from the year 2013 for GATE and non-GATE candidates in all institutes in Maharashtra that offer M.E./M.Tech. programs.CSIR's JRF - GATE fellowship[edit]The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) introduced the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) - GATE scheme in 2002 to allow GATE-qualified engineering graduates and GPAT-qualified pharmaceutical graduates to pursue research through suitable Ph.D. programs at CSIR laboratories.[32]Stipend and tenure:The fellowship amount is ₹25,000 (US$350) per month plus HRA (house rent allowance). In addition, contingency grant of ₹20,000 (US$280) per annum (calculated on pro-rata basis for fraction of a year) is also provided. On completion of 2 years as JRF - GATE, the fellowship may be upgraded to SRF (Senior Research Fellowship) - GATE and stipend may be increased to ₹28,000 (US$390) per month in the subsequent years, on the basis of assessment of CSIR JRF-NET guidelines.The total duration of the fellowship is 5 years, within which the candidate is expected to complete the Ph.D. degree.[32]Recruitment[edit]Public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India, for long, have had troubles conducting their recruitment processes with more than 100,000 students taking the exams for less than 1000 jobs (a selection rate of less than 1%). After sensing the exponential rise in the number of engineering graduates in India who wish to get a PSU job, the PSUs have decided that a GATE score shall be the primary criteria for initial shortlisting. This change was the primary cause for the rapid increase in applicants for GATE 2012.Indian Oil Corporation was the first PSU which successfully tested out this system and was followed two years later by National Thermal Power Corporation, Bharat Heavy Electricals, Bharat Electronics & PowerGrid Corporation of India.Usually these companies release their recruitment notifications right after GATE notification, indicating that candidates have to take GATE to be considered for a job in their organizations.List of companies[edit]Many companies have signed Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with the GATE organizing committee, for using GATE score as a screening tool for recruiting engineers at entry-level positions.Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.[33]Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.[34]Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.[35][36]National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.[37]Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.[38]Mazagon Dock Ltd.[39]Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Ltd.[40]Oil and Natural Gas Corporation[41]Central Electronics Ltd.[citation needed]Coal India Ltd.[citation needed]National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.[citation needed][42]Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd.[citation needed]THDC Ltd.[citation needed]Odisha Power Generation Corporation[citation needed]Ircon International Ltd.[citation needed]Bharat Broadband Network Limited[43]National Highways Authority of India[44]Airport Authority of India[citation needed]Delhi Metro Rail Corporation[citation needed]Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited[citation needed]The syllabus for the GATE exam and its preparation remains the same, irrespective of whether one is applying for a job at a PSU or seeking admission for post graduation in engineering.Changes in recent years[edit]YearChangesReference(s)2009The Information Technology and Computer Science tests were merged into a single Computer Science and Information Technology test (code "CS").The GATE score was valid only for one year but later the GATE committee made it valid for two years in 2010.2010Pharmacy was no longer a GATE subject, with the Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (conducted by the All India Council for Technical Education) as the replacement.The Biotechnology section of the Engineering Sciences GATE paper had been removed and a separate Biotechnology test (code "BT") was started.An additional section of General Aptitude was introduced in GATE. Ten questions carrying 15 marks makes up this section of GATE Exam.2011Based on a trouble-free pilot project in 2010, four of the GATE papers in GATE 2011 were run using computer based online mode. The four online papers for 2011 were Aerospace Engineering (code "AE"), Geology and Geophysics (code "GG"), Mining Engineering (code "MN") and Textile Engineering and Fiber Science (code "TF").GATE was held in morning (9:00 to 12:00) session for some papers and afternoon (14:00 to 17:00) session for others. Also, the computer based tests was held on a different date.2012Only final year students and passed-out candidates were declared eligible to take GATE. Pre-final year B.E./B.Tech. students, who were eligible till 2011, were no longer eligible.The application process was made completely online. Candidates could view their responses of the ORS and also GATE Office released official solutions for GATE papers.The admit card was made downloadable from the application website. Sending admit cards by post was discontinued.The exam mode was changed from paper-based to "online" (i.e. computer-based) for 2 additional subjects: Agricultural Engineering (code "AG") and Architecture and Planning (code "AR").The use of pencils to darken the bubbles in the answer sheet was discontinued. Candidates could use only black ink ball point pens for darkening of the bubbles in the answer sheet.[45]2013Female candidates were exempted from paying the application fee.Candidates were required to upload scanned copy of photograph and signature. Print-out of the completed application form was to be mailed to the institute by post.The application fee was increased from ₹ 1000 to ₹ 1200.The GATE score formula was changed. Scores calculated using the old formula were effective during the year 2013–14. Scores calculated using the new formula were effective during the year 2014–15.[46][47]2014A new subject of Ecology and Evolution (code "EY") was introduced.Examinations for all the 22 subjects was conducted by an online Computer-Based Test (CBT). The online examination contained some questions for which numerical answers must be keyed in by the candidate using the "virtual" (i.e. on-screen) keypad. Rest of the questions were of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) type.Female candidates were required to pay some fee for application, a change introduced due to many raising complaints about a large portion of female candidates who registered but did not appear for the exam in 2013.Application fee was increased from ₹ 1200 to ₹ 1500 for general category, OBC male/other candidates, and ₹ 750 for all female candidates and SC, ST male/other candidates.GATE score's validity is increased from 2 years to 3 years.Examinations were held during forenoon and afternoon sessions on alternate weekends (Saturday and Sunday) between 1 February 2014 and 2 March 2014. Examination for the subjects ME, EE, EC, and CS was held in multiple sessions due to the large numbers of registered candidates.[48][49]2015The entire application process is made online. All required documents have to be scanned and uploaded on the online application system. Candidates no longer have to send anything by post.Printed (i.e. hard-copy) score cards are no longer sent to candidates. Only a digital (i.e. soft-copy) score card can be downloaded by qualified candidates from the official GATE website.[50][51][52]2016Candidates are not permitted to bring their own calculators. An online virtual (i.e. on-screen) calculator will be available during the examination.The syllabus has been revised for some subjects.A new subject of Petroleum Engineering (code "PE") has been introduced.After completion of all test sessions, an Answer Key will be provided for candidates to check. Candidates can challenge the GATE 2016 Answer Key on a nominal fee for a specified time period.[53]2017A New Section has been introduced in the Engineering Sciences (XE) Paper. This section is the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (section H).International students from countries namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and United Arab Emirates are now eligible to apply for GATE 2017.[54]2018While choosing the exam centres for GATE 2018, the candidates will have to select their first two choices from the same GATE zone. The third choice can be from any other GATE zone.Candidates are not required to upload the scanned image of their thumb impression while filling the GATE online application.GATE will be held across 200 cities in India.GATE 2018 will also be held in following international cities- Addis Ababa, Colombo, Dhaka, Kathmandu, Dubai and Singapore.[55][56]2019GATE 2019 introduces a new paper "Statistics" with a code of "ST".Candidates who fail to apply by 21 September 2018 can still apply till 1 October 2018 by paying a late fee of ₹ 500. The late fee in case of foreign centres is US$20.[57]2020Two new subjects - Environmental Science and Engineering (ES) and Humanities and Social Science (XS) have also been added in GATE exam 2021.Also, there will be relaxation in minimum eligibility for applying to GATE 2021 due to Covid-19 situation. As per the announcement, candidates in their third year of undergraduate degree will be eligible for GATE 2021.Year and Organizing Institute[edit]Each year's GATE is organised by any one of 8 institutes: IISc and 7 IITs. The overall co-ordination and responsibility of conducting GATE lies with this institute, which is designated as the Organizing Institute (OI) for GATE of that year. GATE coaching institutes often make speculations regarding the topics to focus upon depending upon the institute that is the OI of that year.[citation needed]InstituteGATE editions organizedIndian Institute of Science1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2016.Indian Institute of Technology, Madras1985, 1991, 1997, 2003, 2011, 2019.Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, 2012, 2020.Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, 2013,2021.Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur1988, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2014.Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur1989, 1995, 2001, 2007, 2015.Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee2009, 2017.Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati2010, 2018.See also[edit]Examinations[edit]Fundamentals of Engineering Examination (FE exam)Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination (PE exam)Graduate Record Examination (GRE)Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT)Common Admission Test (CAT)Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)International English Language Testing System (IELTS)All India Engineering/Architecture Entrance Examination (AIEEE)Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)Institutes[edit]Indian Institute of ScienceIndian Institutes of TechnologyNational Institutes of TechnologyIndian Institutes of Information Technology

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Shorter subject lines typically perform best, somewhere around 10 words or less, and make every word count. Lastly, companies need to be mindful of the number of emails they are sending. Customers do not want to receive multiple emails throughout the day; in addition, this could potentially flag the company domain as spam. Instead, focus on quality over quantity. One well-targeted email per month is going to go a lot further than several irrelevant emails every week.7. Balance Creative Inbound Content with Organic SearchDmitri Kara, SEO/SEM and Content Marketing Expert, Fantastic HandymanThis is the type of content that is based on a creative/catchy idea rather than a pre-researched, organic search. Of course, it is best to balance, but not always necessary. Personally, I would rather balance my chances. For example, I did this catchy visual representation of some of IKEA’s services, which we also offer. The piece was also published at the popular fan site IKEA Hackers, and while that did not bring leads directly, the post effect did. This post has more than 20,000 visitors, which still brings leads on a weekly basis. The piece incorporates both a catchy idea and a clever set of long tail keywords.8. Invite Your Website Visitors to Take QuizzesLarissa Pickens, Owner and Creative Director, Float DesignQuizzes are a great lead generation tool and can range from purely entertaining to extremely detailed and informational. They are a perfect tool for educating and guiding a potential customer who is faced with a purchasing decision they feel uncertain about. The interactive component means you can potentially learn a lot about your lead, but don’t get greedy. Take care to balance information gathering with the user experience. Create an engaging experience with gamification and rewards so the user continues to stay engaged and completes the quiz.9. Send Targeted Promotional Postcards to Get More BusinessJeremy Levine, Fit Small BusinessDirect mail is still one of the best ways to let local customers know about your business. Try using Opportunity Knocks to create a targeted mailing list of potential clients in your area by factors like location, demographics, and buying habits. Once you create your custom postcard from templates designed with tested postcard marketing best practices, Opportunity Knocks will print and ship them on your behalf. They even offer 1,000 free postcards when you order two consecutive targeted mailings. Click here to get started.10. Use LinkedIn InMailSamantha Walls, Social Media Manager, In Touch MarketingIf you want to target specific people, then use LinkedIn InMail. It costs a little more than AdWords or Facebook Ads, but you can really target specific individuals in your niche market. If you have a premium level account that includes sales navigator, then you will have free monthly credits to use to really target specific individuals. Make your message about how you can solve a problem for them, not what services you can offer them.11. Create Website Content Specifically for Your Target ClienteleWes Marsh, Director of Digital Marketing, SolodevIn order to succeed in insurance marketing, smaller insurance agencies need to be able to hone in specifically on their target clientele. They must then create a narrative through content marketing that shows how having insurance meets the needs of their target audience. For example, if you’re a company specializing in auto insurance policies, craft content that gives actionable advice, like what to do immediately following a car wreck. Create personas based on real stories from your customer base. Use stories and content around those narratives to draw people to you through that human element. Dispel the misconception that insurance agents only exist to gain commissions through storytelling. It moves you to the other side of the table as someone who is a trusted friend and adviser rather than a salesperson looking to gain a client.12. Leverage Customer Reviews and ReferralsGregory Bullock, Marketing Manager, TheraSpecsOne of the biggest assets any service-based business can leverage is genuine customer reviews and referrals. Nothing does more for validating your business and the work you do than when happy customers share their experiences with others, either through online review platforms or directly with their network. Turn your earliest adopters and biggest champions into the loudest voices of support by asking for reviews on your site, and then make sure to display their comments and ratings prominently. You should also consider setting up accounts through third-party services like Yelp, Thumbtack or Angie’s List. These platforms offer expanded visibility and make it easy for your satisfied customers to highlight the wonderful things about your company. You also want to address any negative reviews. Even if you can’t fix a poor experience, you can at least show a “good faith” effort toward making it right.13. Leverage Social SellingJackie Miller, Chief Marketing Officer, BozellSocial selling is an effective way to generate leads for any type of business. Although often overlooked in more regulated industries such as the financial or insurance space, social media can be a powerful tool to showcase a more personalized side of the industry. People trust people, so allowing them to come to the forefront of lead generation will enable more referrals and position you and your team as thought leaders. Managing Facebook Business Pages and LinkedIn accounts for the insurance sales agents at an insurance company can result in them expanding not only the brand name, but also their clientele. Using social media to connect and form relationships with new clients leads to companies making connections that they wouldn’t have had capacity to before.14. Claim Your Google My Business PageTermeh Mazhari, PR, Marketing and SEO Consultant, TermehMazhari.comAccording to Google, roughly four out of five consumers use search engines to conduct local searches. Small insurance companies can leverage the power of local SEO by optimizing their Google directory listing to drive more business. Google My Business is Google’s free directory of local businesses. It’s the listings that you see below the Google map when searching for businesses. To claim your Google My Business page, simply go to Google My Business - Drive Customer Engagement on Google and go through the steps to verify your business.After you’ve been verified, you’ll need to complete and optimize your profile with a keyword-rich description, professional photos of your storefront (if you’re an online business, then add your logo and photos that show your work), select a relevant business category, and add your business hours, etc. Finally, ask your best customers to review your business on Google. A five-star review average next to your business listing is a great way to stand out from your competitors!15. Use of Discount Code Websites to Offer Special PricingTegan Groombridge, Digital Marketing Manager, Discount Promo CodesDiscount code websites can be a great way to extend your brand and offer yourself as a reputable insurer. By advertising the discounts and deals that you provide in a discount code website, a wider audience can look for the best deal for them. Discount code websites offer an insurance category for best offers, allowing you to appear next to larger names but showing the potential for larger savings.16. Modify Your OfferingEric Johnson, Digital Content Creator, Feedback WrenchIn some ways, insurance has become something of a commodity. The average person expects roughly the same service from any insurance company—no matter who it is. Because of this, the way to effectively generate leads in the insurance industry is changing. Instead of positioning your company as one that sells products, realign your brand messaging in accordance with the idea that you’re providing a priceless service. Most people would pay well for less of a headache, friendlier agents, and confidence about their decision.17. Put More Effort into Blog PostingJeremy Schaedler, President, Schaedler Insurance Agency, Inc.We’ve found one of the most effective ways to market our insurance agency is through blog posting. Insurance consumers have many questions about the insurance products they are considering; by creating blog posts that add value by thoroughly answering common insurance related questions, potential consumers will view you as a credible source and will often contact your agency when they get closer to making a purchasing decision. Successfully marketing in this manner comes down to effectively adding value, because poorly written articles can portray an unprofessional image and can negatively impact business. Ultimately, if you can find ways to help your customers, your agency will be rewarded with many prospective new clients.18. Advertise Where Your Target Market Is, Like at the DMVCurtis Boyd, Director of Operations, Future Solutions MediaAdvertise where your target market is. One good example is for car insurance providers. Ever tried advertising at the DMV? Here, people are registering for driver’s licenses, auto registration and other auto-related paperwork. Get your auto insurance co-aligned with the DMV and it could spell big things. In order to advertise at the DMV, you will have to register through the MVNetwork, which regulates what kind of companies can advertise and what kind of ads can be run.Since these advertisements are on TVs, most likely with the volume off, your infomercial needs to have the following:Bold textBold call to action—usually a telephone number/website to call/visitInclude a DMV coupon or promo codeFormatted for HDTVClear hook to grab attention19. Use Every Door Direct Mail’s Insurance Templates for Offline MarketingChris Barr, Director of Marketing, Taradel, LLCInsurance agents are using Every Door Direct Mail’s free templates for lead generation—because there’s just too much competition online. When insurance companies take their marketing offline, it’s much easier to go directly to the consumer. It doesn’t matter if you’re a small business, Geico, or Berkshire Hathaway. Direct mail works.20. Use Paid Search to Bring in Leads to Your WebsiteJonathan Holloway, Director of Digital Strategy, No Exam.comUsing paid searches is a great way to bring in targeted leads for your insurance company. It involves creating a landing page with a lead capture form and bidding on relevant search phrases on Google Adwords or Bing Ads. It’s important that you target search phrases that have high commercial intent. Your landing page must provide what the searcher is looking for. For example, if you are bidding on “car insurance quotes roswell ga,” then you want your landing page to align with this by allowing the searcher to get a car insurance quote from an agent in Roswell, GA. See this link for more landing page best practices.21. Interview Your ClientsScott W Johnson, Owner, Whole Vs. Term Life InsuranceThis one is certainly not done enough. Ask clients to be interviewed about why they use and like your services. “I love my insurance policy from XYZ because they are easy to get a hold of.” Get their permission to use their photo, imagine, or video and promote yourself as working with real people with real faces. Future prospects are more likely to identify with your target market if they see your real clients.22. Create a Referral Rewards ProgramIt’s important that you talk about your rewards program. Most insurance agencies overlook this step and just rely on their fliers and websites. However, even the soundest referral scheme requires ongoing promotion in order for it to work and get you new leads. This article gives you a quick guide on developing your own insurance agency referral rewards program, including a launch kit and images to help you get started.23. Add a Chatbot to Your WebsiteNot all website owners have chatbots on their site, but there’s no doubt that it will eventually catch on, as this app is no longer just for customer service. Chatbots are becoming popular, with a major function of it assigned to lead generation. Lead generation chatbots can be an effective feature as long as they are used strategically, and improved based on how real visitors respond to the application. Know how to optimize your website chatbot for lead generation with five simple tips.24. Establish Yourself as a Thought Leader with a PodcastThere are many uses to podcasts, but as a lead generation tool, a consistently well-produced insurance podcast can easily help you gain more clients. Podcasts are live online content, so in order to get attention from your target market, it’s important to know exactly not only what kind of content you should produce, but how to format it in such a way that it interests your potential clients. This article shows you the number of ways podcasts can be used as a lead generation tool for your business.25. Increase the Time Visitors Spend on Your Website by Adding VideosThe average internet user spends 88% more time on websites with videos as opposed to those without. This statistic alone makes for a sound basis for maximizing the use of videos to improve your sales. Insurance videos for lead generation break the monotony of being fed data from literature. A well-produced and entertaining video can give your potential customers all the information they need to progress in their buying journey, without the usual heavy mood that goes with purchasing insurance. Consider these five ways of using videos to generate insurance leads the next time you visit your marketing plan.26. Maximize Your Marketing BudgetRunning an insurance agency can be costly, and most of the time, marketing is considered as the lowest priority in its operating budget. But marketing doesn’t have to always be costly, and surprisingly, there are lead generation strategies that give you the best return on your investment without the huge cost. This article will introduce you to five budget-friendly tips to help your insurance agency generate more leads.27. Avoid Common Email Marketing MistakesResearch shows that the most popular activity on people’s mobile phones is still the checking of email at 78%, proving that email is still a worthy investment as a marketing channel. However, it’s also easy to overlook some of the best practices when using email as a platform, causing missed opportunities to convert. Be aware of these five common pitfalls of email marketing for insurance agencies that can affect your lead generation strategy.Over to YouAs with other industries, technological advancements have introduced new possibilities in generating leads for insurance companies. By adapting and refocusing your approach, you stand a better chance at reaching more potential clients and opportunities for conversion.Have you tried any of these insurance lead generation ideas we’ve listed for yourself? Share with us your experience in the comments!

I suspect based on the evidence, “Fake News” is fake news. The reinforcement by media who in unison wax lyrically about how social media is so damaging and how it is undermining democracy is the most misled, deranged notion I’ve heard.Usually when I see unified and continuous news coverage across the mainstream channels of media, most recently being the Cambridge Analytica coverage, I always put my sceptic hat on and wonder what the agenda is.Not unreasonable given the post 9/11 world, a war we’re still in, and the introduction of an absurd concept: “The War of Terror”, hardly anyone trusts the mass media, with the exception of those poor individuals who have been so dumbed down by fluoride and aspartame, that they’ve entirely lost the capability of independent thought and objective, intelligent assessment.Something was wrong with the Cambridge Analytica story, my suspicions were raised and as sure as eggs are eggs the agenda becomes clear, I’ll detail this shortly.CNN The Poster Child of Fake News - But Why?CNN have become the poster child of Fake News, again, when we see such media focus on lining up a patsy I ask myself why?There is an entire generation alive today who have either:-a) entirely forgotten what propaganda isb) the subject of propaganda was omitted from their educationReality is subjective and there are no absolute truths, all news is fake, where does the line get drawn.It is summed up best in the quote:-“Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed: everything else is public relations.” ― George OrwellHis words advise that we remain sceptical of everything. Especially where a sustained and frequent coverage of and event or scandal occur, I’d even go as far as to maintain a watchful eye story’s which appear to go unnoticed, often over shadowed by sporting events like NFL, Super Bowl and especially the World CupGeorge Orwell 1984 provides an almost uncanny insight into our times.So many of his almost clairvoyant prediction of our times. In particular his visions of political bias and the current influence of media, sports and social control more generally .This classic book reads like a warning for us to take seriously. One the topic of media. To suggest it is anything other than fake is naive.Coming Soon: Fake News Detection AlgorithmsLast week I learned that the UK’s Ministry of Defence began procurement of a lead scientist to head up the development of fake news detection algorithms.Obviously this task is impossible and unethical, but despite no public debate or vote on whether we the people want to hand over our option to (as we have always done historically) discern truth objectively using our senses and the intelligence we each possess.It appears that soon we will hand over that task to AI (which begs the question) who watches the watchers and who will be deciding on our behalf what we are to even be presented.. Scary times, I’m sure you’ll agree.Hand Over All Rights To Your Own Objective RealityEither way, for an M.O.D. procurement process to have commenced, means there can be no question that the process of implementation in underway and the order, issued - without public debate or consensus.Forensic Identification of Algorithmic BiasI’ve been following the topic closely and watched Zuckerberg (who I personally believe, set out with good intentions) as he became a marked man and the token sacrifice, following the Cambridge Analytica fiasco, which itself is absurd, since the terms of service are legally and morally very clear.What became clear to me, is that Congress and European leaders and press (who also grilled Zuckerberg) have no idea what they’re dealing with, I chuckled to myself upon hearing one voice in the Q&A session suggest Facebook should be dealt with by the European Commission’s anti-trust team.But as they know full well, the task of forensically holding them accountable for any kind of algorithmic bias (as they discovered with Google vs EU August 25th 2017) isn’t remotely plausible.Full Disclosure: My team was involved in the tender, we were one of approximately ten teams best positioned to be considered for the Monitoring Trustee role, only for all ten teams to conclude simultaneously that the task was not remotely possible - I’ve covered this in detail here: Paul Reilly's answer to Which organisation will likely develop the first artificial general intelligence?I’ve included the video here:- It’s a long one one even in the opening seconds, watch are the European leaders welcome Zuckerberg, their demeanours as they welcome him….Zuckerberg Testifies in European Parliament…Some no doubt realised he the most powerful man on Earth, with ability to algorithmically decide the outcome of any democratic process, while remaining untouchable, in any courtroom. Other, less informed individuals welcome him as a celebrity.Owning three of the top five including both 1st and 2nd most popular social appsHypocrisy in Action; Democracy’s ContradictionConsider the hypocrisy of applauding social media when it enabled the Arab Spring, only to then condemn social media and go as far as to see Congress enforce censorship upon the same democracy enabling technology……It astounds me.Put simply:-Social media renders mainstream propaganda inert. I’m sure George Orwell would have (as I have) wondered what their countermeasure to this game changing technology could possibly be.It is my belief based on my observation that there is a bigger battle taking place, it’s a war of objective reality.FAKE NEW BECOMES BIG NEWSBut on closer inspection the major issue is far worse and considerably more complex than appears on the surface…See below…Google Trends: Pizzagate - Fake News(source: Google Trends US Search Terms Last 5 Years )So to confirm, real investigative journalism still alive and well, shocking google tread anomaly spotted by jeranism - Research Flat EarthCorrelation does not infer causation… so let’s go a little deeper…The Auto-Complete TestWhen typing, with the exception of adult phrases which are on a block list, autocomplete is a reliable signal to indicate bias.“Fake News” - behaves as expected.“Pizzagate” - fails to completeConclusionSomeone at Google, either with intent or coercion has added it to the block autocomplete list. My guess, is that, given, the timings the world cup is providing cover while this is fast tracked!Despite the reaction, I see around various parts of the internet, there are still many unanswered questions.As I child, I remember being told by my parents that my teachers had described me as inquisitive. I've always wanted to know how things work. I asked questions at elementary school such as, why does ice float, as I grew older I wondered why the moon never rotates to reveal its dark side. It was this same inquisitive mind that led me into my chosen career as an SEO, in 1998 I became fascinated by Search Engines and wanted to know how they worked and whether they could be influenced.Learning never stops and the scientific method is an ongoing process. most importantly we’re able to continue learning, through fantastic resources such as the MIT Open Courseware, Coursara, Khan Academy, Google, Twitter and more lately Quora. Refusal to debate that which has only ever been proven by space agencies’ photographic evidence naturally doesn’t count since, the whole question of measurable curvature would place NASA as a defendant in a huge multi-handed conspiracy to defraud trillions of dollars from US taxpayers.It has become clear that humanity has moved far beyond a tipping point, which appears to be intrinsically linked to global internet penetration and social connectivity. This connectivity has enabled freedom of thought, freedom of expression and freedom to publish via citizen journalism. We've seen mainstream media revenues crumble as printed news continues to take a back seat to interactive, real-time, alternatives.It has become the individual's responsibility as consumers of information, to seek the sources and perform our own validation and it is upon this that we are increasingly forming our world view. The generally accepted reality, taught to us in schools, learned from books or consumed through media has largely been displaced by the free and widespread opportunity for anyone, to educate themselves on any topic of interest, to connect with experts in any field and to research independently, think independently and disseminate ideas independently.The population has in increasing distrust of our governments – we have been made aware of how academic research, in some cases influenced by a dependency on industry funding and after 30 years of study, the jury is out on a conclusive view of prolonged mobile phone usage and the relationship with brain tumours… as an example.While the debate continues, let's look at an example of a closed case. Asbestos. Consider the financial impact of asbestos mesothelioma claims.Yet during the 1950s and 60s, companies were fully aware of the potentially fatal consequences of working with asbestos, including its ability to cause cancer, yet millions of workers were exposed to asbestos on the job with virtually no health protections. The 1966 comments of the Director of Purchasing for Bendix Corporation, now a part of Honeywell, capture the complete disregard of an industry for its workforce that is expressed repeatedly in company documents spanning the past 60 years."...if you have enjoyed a good life while working with asbestos products, why not die from it." — 1966 Bendix Corporation letter [2]From the 1930s through to the 1950s advertising’s most powerful phrase - “doctors recommend”—was paired with the world’s deadliest consumer product. Cigarettes weren't seen as dangerous then, but they still made smokers cough. To allay fears, tobacco brands hired throat “doctors” (that is, models dressed in white coats) to explain that dust, germs or a lack of menthol were to blame, not the cigs themselves.The assumption that we're all so poorly educated to forget our recent history is naive. Media is distrusted more than ever. We distrust advertising, nearly as much as we distrust governments and politicians where lies and deceit are commonplace.George Orwell put it: “Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed: everything else is public relations”.With corporate consolidation putting the control in the hands of so few, I would assert that independent research and ongoing learning has become more crucial to maintaining an accurate and balanced world-view that ever before.On September 11th, 2001. It was a very unpopular to assert the possibility that the Twin Towers and Building 7 incidents may have been an inside job, but since that date, many experts including (at the time of writing) 2876 engineers and architects has signed in agreeance that the attack which led to the war on terror to be (in their professional opinion) a controlled demolition.Personally speaking, to maintain a balanced view, On September 11th, 2001, I watched the event unfold on BBC/CNN with equal viewing of Al Jezeera's coverage.I came across the flat earth theory in Nov 2016, and thought the idea was insane. I'm not quite sure what made me look at it, perhaps curiosity as to how a good friend of mine, who I know to be of sound mind, and above average intelligent could possibly consider such a ridiculous idea. I set out to try to disprove the theory, using only primary evidence but there was a problem, I was unable to.As a former student of mechanical and electrical engineering in my younger years, I find mathematics quite fascinating, as I've grown older, I developed even more of an interest in the subject.Once the mathematics of Earths Curvature are presented with the currently accepted circumference, I immediately encountered a problem.I was unable to satisfy my former globe earth world-view due to a vivid childhood memory of the White Cliffs of Dover from Calais (Yes.. the upper part of the Cliffs should be visible) - like most who stumble upon this Pythagorean question, it led me to investigate the currently accepted science of atmospheric refraction, only to find countless examples of superior mirages, and their unique inverted appearance…Unlike the below shot which was explained away as a superior mirage…My professional use of data visualisation and geo-spatial statistics had already exposed me to the beautiful data visualisations of fight data using the R programming language some two years previously. Though self-taught, thanks to the Internet and open-courseware, I was intrigued by the probability density of southern hemisphere flight occurrences. Especially given Quantas' availability of direct trans-Pacific flights into Sydney and Perth.Even if I were to entirely disregard any possible inference and circumstantial evidence derived either correctly or incorrectly from the chronology of events below:-- Formation of the United Nations- Operation Deepfreeze- Formation of NASA- Operation Fishbowl- Operation High Jump- The Antarctic Treaty… There still remains to this day many unanswered questions.Here are three… which I find problematic…1) If the null result of Michelson-Morley’s experiment could be explained by Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. Then why do airplanes base their most vital flight instrumentation – the artificial horizon upon Sagnac interference? Surely there would be a null result also for the instrumentation as Einstein theorised?2) I’m curious as to why Flightradar24.com - Live flight tracker! does not track trans-continental flights, over oceans in the southern hemisphere?3) I’m yet to have an astrophysicist explain to me how does tidal locking work and what set of circumstances must be true for a moon to remain perfectly locked for millennia.All I have is questions and a limited knowledge of how real science works… It’s fair to say that it’s not much of a debate if either side of the argument is based on dogma or doctrine.I don’t find the answer provided by Robert Frost in the slightest bit useful and would go as far to call it out as being factually incorrect.I would love for someone far more knowledgeable than myself to help me better understand my three questions above.