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DUTIES OF POLICE:Typically in Maharashtra, the Rights/ Power and Duties of the Police Department are based on following1. Police Act 18612. Police Manual3. Bombay Police Act 1951 Act No. XXII4. Gazetteer to Bombay State Revised District Series XX 19545. Bombay Police Manual volume III 19596. Government of Maharashtra Law & Judicial Department Bombay Act No. XXII of 1951 (As modified upto 21st 1999)7. Maharashtra Police Niyamavali 1999 Administration Part IIIACCORDING TO SECTION 23 OF THE POLICE ACT 1861, POLICE ARE REQUIRE TO:i) “Prevent the commission of offences and public nuisances;ii) Detecting and bringing offenders to justice;iii) Apprehend all persons whom the police are legally authorized to apprehendiv) Collect and communicate intelligence affecting the public peace;v) Obey and execute all order and warrants lawfully issued to them by any competent authority;vi) Take charge of unclaimed property and furnish an inventory thereof to the magistrate of the District, and be guided by his orders regarding their disposal;vii) Keep order on the public roads through force, gnats, landing places and at all other places of public resort andviii) Prevent obstructions on the occasions of assemblies and processions on the public roads.”____________________BASIC PRINCIPLES TO GOVERN ALL POLICE ACTIONS:In 1829 under inspiration from ROBERT PEEL THE PRIME MINISTER OF U.K., CHARLES ROWAN AND RICHARD MAYNE, who were the first two joint commissioners of Police, propounded the following nine basic principles to govern all police actions.THE FIRST: To prevents crime and disorder as an alternative to then- repression by military force and severity of legal punishment.THE SECOND: To recognize always that the power of the police to fulfill their functions and duties is dependent on public approval of their existence, actions and behavior, and on their ability to secure and maintain public respect.THE THIRD: To recognize always that to secure and maintain the respect and approval of the public means, also the securing of the public means, and the willing cooperation of the public in the task of securing observation of law.THE FOURTH: To recognize always that the extent to which the cooperation of die public can be secured diminishes proportionately, the necessity of the use of physical force and compulsion for achieving police object.THE FIFTH: To seek and preserve public favor not by pending public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law in complete independence of policy and without regard to the justice or injustice of individual laws; by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing by ready exercise of courtesy and good humor, and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and presenting life.THE SIXTH: To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warring is found to be insufficient to obtain public cooperation to an extent necessary to restore order; and to use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective.THE SEVENTH: To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that give reality to the historic tradition that the police are file public and that public are the police the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of community welfare and existence.THE EIGHTH: To recognize always the need for strict adherence of police executive functions and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the state, and of authority judging guilt and punishing the guilty.THE NINTH: To recognize always that the test of police efficiency is the absences of crime and disorder and not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them.____________________THE CODE OF CONDUCT FOR POLICE:The National police commission has recommended the code of conduct for police and department as following clauses:1. The police must bear faithful allegiance to the constitution of India and respect and uphold the rights of the citizens as guaranteed by it.2. The Police are essentially a law enforcing agency. They should not question the propriety or necessity of any duly enacted law.They should enforce the law firmly and impartially without fear or favour, malice or vindictiveness.3. The police should recognize and respect the limitations of their power and functions. They should not usurp or even seem to usurp the functions of the judiciary Mid sit in judgment on cases.Nor should they avenge individuals and punish the quality.4. In securing the observance of law or in maintaining order, the police should use the methods of persuasion, advice and warning.Should these fail and the application of force become inevitable, only the absolute minimum required in the circumstance should be used.5. The prime duty of police is to prevent crime and disorder and the police must recognize that the test of their efficiency is theabsence of both and not the visible evidence of police action is deeding with them.6. The police must recognize that they are member of public, with the only difference that in the interest of the community and on its behalf they are employed to give fulltime attention to duties which are normally incumbent on every citizen to perform.7. The police should realize that the efficient performance of their duties will depend on the extent of ready co-operation they receive from public. This, in turn, will depend on their ability to secure public approval of their conduct and action and to earn and retain public respect and confidence. The extent to which they succeed in obtaining public co-operation will diminish proportionately the necessity of the use of physical force or compulsion in die discharge of their function.8. The police should be sympathetic and considerate to all people and should be constantly mindful of their welfare. They should always be ready to offer individual service and friendship and render necessary assistance to all without regard to their wealth or social standing.9. The police shall always place duty before self, should remain calm and good hum aired whatever be the danger or provocation and should be ready to sacrifice their lives in protecting those of others.10. The police should always be courteous and well mannered; they should be dependable and unattached. They should possess dignity & courage; and should cultivate character and trust to the people.11. Integrity of the highest order is the fundamental basis of the prestige of the police. Reckoning this, the police must keep their private lives scrupulously clean, develop self-restrain and be truthful and honest in thought and deed in both personal and official life, so that the public may regard them as exemplary citizens.12.The police should recognize that they can enhance their utility to the administration and the country only be maintaining a high standard of discipline unstinted obedience to the superiors and loyalty to the force and keeping them self in a state of constant training and preparedness.The two words of clause 12 Administration and Country separately would induce a general inspiration that the interest of administration and country may not always coincide basically the role of the police is function as a servant of law not servant of Govt, in power so the code 12 should be modified as following“The police should recognize that their full utility to the people of country is best ensured only by maintaining a high standard of discipline, faithful performance to duties in accordance with law and implicit obedience to the direction of commanding ranks and absolute loyalty to the force and by keeping themselves in a state of constant training and preparedness.”___________________________1) DUTIES OF POLICE IN GENERAL EXECUTION OF ORDER AND PROCESSES:It is the duty of police officer to be and execute promptly every process or other order lawfully issued to him by a competent authority and by all lawful means to give effect to the commands of his superior according to section 68 to 74 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the summons issued by court is to be carried out according to law. The warrants of arrest mid search will be executed in accordance with section 75 to 86 and section 96 to 103 respectively.2) PREVENTION AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIME:The most important of the duties of police office is to obtain, to the best of his ability, intelligence concerning the commission of cognizable offences or designs to commit such offences and to lay such information and to take such other steps. Consistence with law and with the order of his superiors; as shall be best calculated to bring offender to justice or to prevent the commission of offences.3) PREVENTION OF PUBLIC NUISANCES:In addition to the general provision of Chapter XIV of IPC provision for panelizing public nuisance & every police officer is under an obligation to make his best efforts to prevent the commission of such nuisances.4) ARREST:Whenever police officer is empowered by law to arrest a person and there is sufficient reason for exercising that power, he must arrest such person. Arrests are to be made in manner laid down in section 46-53 CPC Chapter IV.5) ASSISTANCE TO ANOTHER POLICE OFFICER:Every police officer is bound to aid another police officer when called on by the letter or in case of need to discharge of his duty, in such ways as would be lawful and reasonable on the part of the police officer aided.6A) CO-OPERATION BETWEEN POLICE OF ADJACENT TERRITORIES IN THE MATTER OF PURSUING CASES OF ABDUCTED PERSONS:Every police officer must render full cooperation and give all assistance necessary to the police adjacent territory whenever they seek their help in the matter of pursuing cases of abducted persons across their own border in to territories beyond their jurisdiction and must treat such cases on a par with serious crime.6B) CO-OPERATION NEIGHBORING POLICE STATION & DISTRICTS FOR PRIVATION AND DICTATION OF CRIME:When dacoits serious robberies, house breaking, etc take place in the jurisdiction of police station that police station should promptly apprise its neighboring police station such as occurrences. 'If any special measures in regard to such serious offences are taken in a district, information about them should be given to the superintendent of police of neighboring district.7) CO-OPERATION IN RAILWAY AND DISTRICT POLICE IN INVESTIGATION OF CRIME:In cases in which the assistance of district police is considered necessary a copy of information of offence will be sent by the officer in charge of Railway Police Station to die district police station concerned with a request for assistance on receipt of which the officer in charge of that station will at once proceed in person to give the required assistance, or depute a subordinate to render such assistance. The receipt of the information and a note of the steps taken to assist the Railway Police will be entered in the station diary.8) CONFERENCES OF POLICE OFFICERS:The conferences of police officers to discuss questions relating to police Administration should be periodically. Such conferences are either interdivision or interstate should be attended.9) ASSISTANCE TO DISABLED PERSONS:When a police officer finds any disable, or helpless person in the street, he must give him necessary assistance, including first aid, according to the situation.10) HEALTH AND COMFORT OF PERSON IN CUSTODY:Every police officer must remember that the health aid comfort of every person in his custody are his responsibility. He must, therefore, take prompt measures to procure necessary help for any person under arrest or in custody. According to situation, he must provide medical, proper food, aid to the person.11) BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS THE PUBLIC:Every police officer must constantly remember that he is a servant of public, and is therefore under an obligation to behave with courtesy toward them. Hence it is his duty to refrain from needless rudeness and the causing of unnecessary annoyance in conduct of searches to act with strict regard to decency and with reasonable gentleness in dealing with women and children, and treat every member of public with politeness. While on duty, he must give his name and number, when asked by any member of the public.12) DAMAGE BY FIRE, ANIMALS ETC:Every police officer must use his best endeavors to prevent any loss or damage by fire to person or property within the limit of his charge and any accident or danger to the public. They can temporarily employed one or two armed policeman at important place of the government offices.13) TRAFFIC CONTROL:The regulation and control of traffic in streets and public places is among the primary duties of a police officer.To check the driving licenses, traffic rules and regulation obeying by public etc. in order to facilitate the giving of traffic signals, traffic duty policeman electrically night traffic signals have been installed.14) BARRIERS ON STREETS FOR CHECKING VEHICLES AND THEIR DRIVERS:Where barriers are operated by the police under die order of District Magistrate minimum inconvenience should be caused to the public, suitable warring signs, both day and right should be provided. The police officer at barriers should usually be in uniform.15) MAINTENANCE OF ORDER IN STREETS AND PUBLIC PLACES:Police are responsible for keeping order in the streets and at and within places of public resort, for regulating resort to such places and for preventing overcrowding and a breach of rules made for the observance of the public at such places.16) DUTIES OF POLICE IN THE MATTER OF ENFORCING REGULATION IN CONNECTION WITH EPIDEMIC DISEASES:The Magistrate of District is to be informed by the police of any indication of an approaching or exciting outbreak of cholera. He will issue the necessary direction under section 39 Bombay district police Act. Whenever such type of order rule will issued by Magistrate, the enforcement of the rules or orders is the duty of the police.17) ENFORCEMENT OF POLICE REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING BREACH OF THIS PEACE:Whenever any rules and order have been made under section 42, 43 or 44 of Bombay District Police Act by any Magistrate for the Prevention of a breach of peace etc. The dispersal of dangerous gangs, the enforcement of rules or orders is the duty of the police.18) STRAY CATTLE & UNCLAIMED PROPERTY:The police must take charge of stray cattle found in streets and arrange to put them in cattle pound in accordance with the cattle Trespass Act Police should prosecute their owners when the animals cause abstraction to public traffic. It is also duty to police to take charged of unclaimed property found or made over to them and to dispose of it according to section 57 to 59 of BDPA.19) HYDROPHOBIA AND STRAY DOG:The 20 officers in charge of police station should report to the superintendent all cases in which human beings or animals have died of hydrophobia within his jurisdiction with a note as to where the number of dog has been kept down in that locality or not.20) “DUTIES UNDER SPECIAL OR LOCAL LAWS:Besides the duties referred to above, these certain other duties imposed upon the police by various special or local laws. Those under some of the most important ones have been referred to in Chapter VI. e.g. orders issued by or instructions issued by Government the Inspector - General for the Guidance of police officer under their control.”_________________________Duties of Police Administration“The priory function of die police are the prevention and detection of crime, the maintenance of order the apprehension of offender, escorting and guarding prisoners, treasure or private or public property of which they may be placed in charge and the prosecution of criminals. They have however various other duties to perform of which some, such as control of traffic censorship of plays and other performances, service of summons in the criminal cases and destruction of stray clogs are imposed upon them by law and others such as aid to refugees and pilgrims and passport and naturalization enquires are entrusted to them for administrative reasons.”The duties of the various members of the police force are arranged according of the importance of their ranks.DUTIES OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL POLICE:“The Inspector General of Police is responsible for the direction and supervision of the whole police force in the state. It is there for his duty to decide or to advice Government on all the large problems especially those of general Policy connected with the personnel, their training and equipment supplies and stores financial provision required for the maintaince of the force and the powers and duties of the various grade of officers, to make rules and orders for the guidance of the officers, on all such matters and to keep in touch by frequent inspection with requirement of efficiency in all matters relating to maintaince of law and order and the prevention and detection of crime.”DUTIES OF DEPUTY INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE:The Deputy Inspector General is supposed to perform such of the duties of the Inspector General of police as may from time to time delegated to him either by the Govt, or by the IGP.The duty of DIGP to maintain by frequent personal inspection the efficiency and discipline of the police force under his charge to be in close touch with Superintendents of Police of his range, and ready to assist or control them to establish uniformity of procedure, harmonious co-operation, between districts and police and the executive magistracy and to superintend carefully the prevention registration investigation and defection of crime occurring within his jurisdiction.He shall seek rather to encourage, instruct and advice the superintendents of police than to find fault and shall be careful not to supersede them in their proper function nor to interfere unduly in their relations towards their subordinates. The DIG shall pay special attention to the training of Assistant and Deputy Superintendent of Police serving within his range.The DIG is responsible for the maintenance of the strictest discipline amongst officers and men. He shall be kept promptly apprised of all serious cases in misconduct among officers and men occurring in his range, and he is responsible for guiding and directing the efforts of superintendents in dealing with such cases, for scrutinizing their reports and for making personal enquiries in cases where the exigencies of the matter so demand.DUTIES OF SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE:The S.P. should consider it as part of his duty as far as possible to give the sub-divisional officers the benefit of his guidance and instruction whenever possible and necessary. As Chief Police Officer of the district the primary duties of S.P. are to keep the force under his control, properly trained efficient and contented to ensure by constant supervision that the prevention, investigation and detection of crime in his district by the police force under his command. At the same time he must maintain fearless relation among the his district people.He has to tour the whole of his district, systematically and regularly, and it is essential that he should inspect every police station and outpost in his district.“S.P. must deal with crime as whole, study the criminal problems of his district. S.P. must how-ever visit the scenes of really serious offences where organized crime is indicated, S.P. shall treat the Deputy I.G. confidently and frankly, give him all assistance in making his inspection and inquiries and consult him confidentially in all the difficulties and about all their shot comings in police work of their districts. S.P. should visit sick. Policeman in the hospital regularly, once a week at least. It is extremely desirable that every policeman should feel that his superior officer takes an interest in his welfare.”DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE:The DCP should give the superintendent of police under him, guidance and instructions, whenever necessary. He is responsible for the general supervision of division under him. He should enforce discipline and redress their grievances He should pay surprise visits to the police stations at interval, and checkup whether officers and men are alert. He should deal with crime as a whole, studying the criminal problem of his zone. He should also visit scenes of serious offences reported in his jurisdiction.DUTIES OF SUB-DIVISIONAL POLICE OFFICERS:Deputy Superintendent of police is in charge of a sub-division and will be responsible for all crime work in his sub-division. He will visit all scenes of serious offences as laid down in standing Orders. Under the command of superintendent of police he will be responsible for the efficiency and discipline of the officers and men in his division. He will make inspection of police station and outposts in his division.He will be responsible for the inspection of public conveyances plying for wire in their charges inspections of explosives arms and ammunition and shops taking musketry practices.Sub-Rule (6) of rule 24 in the matter of visiting sick police men in hospitals applies also in the care of sub-divisional officers.DUTIES OF CIRCLE POLICE INSPECTOR:The circle inspector is usually an officer who has risen to the position he holds owing to his ability to deal crime and criminals. He should therefore be employed practically for entirely crime work and the supervision of bad characters and gangs in the circle. He should visit the different Police Stations and outpost for checking and working properly. He should check the office matter to see that they are maintained properly e.g. report register, investigation register, crime record etc. He must be present during the investigations of serious crimes such as murders, dacoities, highway robberies and crime suspected, being the work of gangs or professional criminals, and also motor accidents involving loss of life occurring in rural areas, and direct advise the sub-inspector Mid his staff in his circle or area.He should keep in touch with the village police and see that patrolling by the District Police is being properly performed and the information likely to lead to the prevention and defection of crime is being systematically picked up. He should encourage and educate the police of outposts and stations in the matter of being on the alert to mark down the export professional and dangerous criminals who wander for a field and commits serious crime.He should see that cooperation between officers and adjacent stations and that between officers of neighboring police station, and officers of other districts is cultivated and freely accorded.The Inspector will note in his diary to be submitted once a week to the officer in charge of the subdivision what he has done, each week explaining when necessary, why he has been prevented from carrying out any of his duties.In the case of Railways, an Inspector will be placed in charge of the Police of such station on the line of railway as the inspector general of police (on the recommendation of the superintendent with concern general manager) may apportion as circle charge.DUTIES OF HOME INSPECTOR:The Home Inspector is the office superintendent of the police office. His presence at the head quarter will be admit of the superintendent of police and all the police officer. Generally the Home Inspector will be selected from the executive force and the training that he will get when in charge of current duties at the head quarter.The Home Inspector will hold the appointment for the maximum period of two years:a) He will open the superintendent of Police post.b) To suspense the work in the SP’s correspondence and account branches.c) To dispose of routine correspondents and miscellaneous work.d) To supervise the work of the town and Headquarters Police during die absence of the superintendent of Police and the sub-divisional officers.e) To hold proceedings on articlesf) To pay a preliminary visit to the scenes of serious or important crimes occurring within easy reach of headquarters, pending the visit of a superior Gazette Officers.g) To check and initial account papers and especially travelling allowance bills.h) He sign all vouchers as Personal Assistant to the superintendent of police.i) To operate on the Personal ledger accounts opened at the District Treasury by the superintendent of police.DUTIES OF POLICE PROSECUTORS:1. It is the duty of Police Prosecutors to study important cases and conduct the prosecution in magisterial courts in accordance with the orders of the Superintendent of Police. The superintendent or sub divisional prosecutor to another if he considers it desirable to do so.2. Police prosecutors shall not have cases sent to them for opinion, except in special cases. Police prosecutors will ordinarily not be consulted before a case is sent up to file.3. The senior police prosecutor in each district will be responsible for suspension over the work of other prosecutors in the district and for giving them guidance in all cases of difficulties.4. Police prosecutor may be allowed to conduct non-police government cases only, when the district superintendents of police find that the police prosecutors can do so without detriment to their legitimate duties. Specific permission of the district Superintendent of Police concerned should be obtained before the police prosecutor is allowed to take up a non-police govt. case.DUTIES OF SUB-INSPECTOR:1. Sub-inspectors are responsible in their area for the prevention and detection of crime and for seeing that the orders of their superiors are carried out, and the discipline of the Police under them is properly maintained.2. Sub-inspectors will also keep all their superior officers informed of the probability that comes to their knowledge of any crime, or occurrence, likely to affect the public peace taking place, suggesting such precautions if any and measures as they may consider it advisable to take.3. They will inspect periodically in such manner as the superintendent or sub-divisional officer may direct, all the police in their charge report any negligence, misconduct or disobedience of orders; absence without leave or causalities among the members of die force.4. It is open to them to report also of any difficulties they may experience owing to the influx of criminals from outside the station limits, or to lack of co-operation from other police station or districts.5. Sub-inspector should inspect the outpost in their charge at least once a month and at such times should give their men at the outpost instructions in their duties.6. They should visit the villages under their police stations examine, the Police visit books and muster rolls and bring up to date the registers relating to crime in the villages, keeping in view of the provisions.7. They should take every opportunity of collecting information of the current events within their charges and should have an intimate knowledge of the people around them more especially of the bad and suspected characters, and see that their subordinates take every opportunity of acquiring minute local information.DUTIES OF HEAD CONSTABLES:1. Head constables are subject to the orders of Sub-Inspectors placed over them, and to those of the superior officers of the police force.They are entitled to the obedience of all police sub-ordinates to him within the limits of the charge that may be assigned to them.2. They must report to their Sub-Inspector all crimes within their charge and any probability that a cognizable offence is about to be committed, but must not wait for orders before proceeding to make the necessary inquiries for the discovery and apprehension of offenders.3. In the prevention of crime and the maintaining order’s they will obey such order’s as their superior officers may give them.4. In the case of a sudden or suspicious death a head-constable or if a head constable is not present, a constable will prevent the burning, burying or exposure of the corpse, until he may receive the orders of the Sub-Inspector or other superior officer.5. When in charge of particular posts or beets of villages, head constables will act in all police matters in concert with the heads of village police.6. They will be responsible for the bringing to the immediate notice of their superior officers a neglect of duty on the part of the subordinate police and also of the village police and any disobedience of orders, or other misbehaviors on their part.7. Head constables are the assistants of the Sub-Inspector and should assist him in drilling and instructing the men and in patrolling the posts frequently. Any negligence should at once be reported to the Sub-Inspector and praiseworthy actions performed by the men brought to his notice.DUTIES OF CONSTABLES:1. Constable will perform such police duties as they may be ordered by head constables and their superior officers to perform for the prevention and detection of crime, the maintenance of order the apprehension of offenders on the warrants of magistrates when such are required by the criminal procedure code or without them in cases in which the police may arrest without warrant the serving of summons or other magisterial process, the escorting and guarding of prisoners, treasure or private or public property, of which they may be placed in charge and the exercise generally of such powers as are conferred on police officers by Bombay Police Act XXII of 1951.2. On the occurrence of any crime for which police may arrest without warrant he should act without waiting for orders if necessary in concert with the village police and should make immediate report to the nearest superior police officer.3. It will also be the duty of constable in case of fire any other occasion of danger to assist and take every precaution in their power to secure the public safety.4. The routine patrol duty will is to be completed. A constable is to be used for rambling round, to pick up information by chance in villages.DUTY OF THE UNARMED POLICE TO SUPERVISE ARMED POLICE:The armed police are in effect the instruments of the armed police organization and it is the duty of latter in non-technical matters affecting administration to see that the armed police perform their duties with due commonsense and diligence. “It is essential that this should be clearly impressed in all unarmed head constables. It will not be open to an unarmed head constable in charge of an outpost, for an instance to maintain that he is not responsible for alertness of an armed party on duty in his area.”

Anyone who still doubts the role of the CIA in the coup against Allende, which ousted him and installed criminal dictator Pinochet, needs to read the following report on the declassified documents proving the CIA’s involvement and view the video of the initial attempt by the rightwing fascists to overthrow Allende. We need to be clear that the attempted violent overthrow of the duly elected government of Salvador Allende was analogous to the attempted overthrow of the government of Venezuela under Trump and the sides are the same: illegal far-right US-backed faction vs the faction supporting the legitimate duly elected government. Nothing has changed since then. Any Westerner claiming that a US overthrow of a socialist government is supporting democracy or freedom is badly deceived:Chile and the United States: Declassified Documents Relating to the Military Coup, September 11, 1973Chile and the United States: Declassified Documents Relating to the Military Coup, September 11, 1973By Peter KornbluhNational Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 8For more information contact:Peter Kornbluh 202/994-7000 or [email protected]: From the film The Battle of Chile (First Run/Icarus Films)Video showing how the righting fascists tried to overthrow Allende at first:Washington, D.C. – September 11, 1998 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet. The violent overthrow of the democratically-elected Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende changed the course of the country that Chilean poet Pablo Neruda described as "a long petal of sea, wine and snow"; because of CIA covert intervention in Chile, and the repressive character of General Pinochet's rule, the coup became the most notorious military takeover in the annals of Latin American history.Revelations that President Richard Nixon had ordered the CIA to "make the economy scream" in Chile to "prevent Allende from coming to power or to unseat him," prompted a major scandal in the mid-1970s, and a major investigation by the U.S. Senate. Since the coup, however, few U.S. documents relating to Chile have been actually declassified- -until recently. Through Freedom of Information Act requests, and other avenues of declassification, the National Security Archive has been able to compile a collection of declassified records that shed light on events in Chile between 1970 and 1976.These documents include:Cables written by U.S. Ambassador Edward Korry after Allende's election, detailing conversations with President Eduardo Frei on how to block the president-elect from being inaugurated. The cables contain detailed descriptions and opinions on the various political forces in Chile, including the Chilean military, the Christian Democrat Party, and the U.S. business community.CIA memoranda and reports on "Project FUBELT"--the codename for covert operations to promote a military coup and undermine Allende's government. The documents, including minutes of meetings between Henry Kissinger and CIA officials, CIA cables to its Santiago station, and summaries of covert action in 1970, provide a clear paper trail to the decisions and operations against Allende's governmentNational Security Council strategy papers which record efforts to "destabilize" Chile economically, and isolate Allende's government diplomatically, between 1970 and 1973.State Department and NSC memoranda and cables after the coup, providing evidence of human rights atrocities under the new military regime led by General Pinochet.FBI documents on Operation Condor--the state-sponsored terrorism of the Chilean secret police, DINA. The documents, including summaries of prison letters written by DINA agent Michael Townley, provide evidence on the carbombing assassination of Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffitt in Washington D.C., and the murder of Chilean General Carlos Prats and his wife in Buenos Aires, among other operations.These documents, and many thousands of other CIA, NSC, and Defense Department records that are still classified secret, remain relevant to ongoing human rights investigations in Chile, Spain and other countries, and unresolved acts of international terrorism conducted by the Chilean secret police. Eventually, international pressure, and concerted use of the U.S. laws on declassification will force more of the still-buried record into the public domain--providing evidence for future judicial, and historical accountability.THE DOCUMENTSClick on theto view each document.FBI, Directorate of National Intelligence (DINA), January 21, 1982This report provides a summary of information taken from prison letters written by Michael Townley, the DINA agent responsible for the assassination of Orlando Letelier. This report includes information not directly provided to the FBI by Townley, but drawn from analysis of his correspondence with his DINA handler: details about meetings between Chilean President Pinochet and Italian terrorists and spies, codenames and activities of DINA personnel, collaboration between DINA and anti-Castro Cubans; the creation of a fake terrorist organization to take the blame for a DINA kidnapping in Argentina; DINA involvement in relations between Great Britain and Northern Ireland; and Townley's fear that information about kidnappings and assassinations of prominent critics of Pinochet would somehow be traced back to him.FBI, Operation Condor Cable, September 28, 1976This cable, written by the FBI's attache in Buenos Aires, Robert Scherrer, summarizes intelligence information provided by a "confidential source abroad" about Operation Condor, a South American joint intelligence operation designed to "eliminate Marxist terrorist activities in the area." The cable reports that Chile is the center of Operation Condor, and provides information about "special teams" which travel "anywhere in the world... to carry out sanctions up to assassination against terrorists or supporters of terrorist organizations." Several sections relating to these special teams have been excised. The cable suggests that the assassination of the Chilean Ambassador to the United States, Orlando Letelier, may have been carried out as an action of Operation Condor.National Security Council, Chilean President's visit to U.S., August 8, 1975This memorandum, written by Stephen Low of the National Security Council, calls Scowcroft's attention to Pinochet's plans to visit the United States, and his requested meeting with U.S. President Ford. The memo states that the NSC asked the U.S. Ambassador to Chile, David Popper, to discourage the meeting by telling the Chileans that President Ford's schedule is full. Fearing that such a visit would "stimulate criticism" and foster embarrassment, Low suggests an "informal talk" with Chile's Ambassador Trucco.National Security Council, Disarray in Chile Policy, July 1, 1975This memorandum, from Stephen Low to President Ford's National Security Advisor, General Brent Scowcroft, conveys concern about wavering U.S. policy toward Chile in light of reports of human rights violations. The memo reveals a division within the U.S. embassy over dealing with Chile, with a number of officials now believing that all U.S. military and economic assistance should be terminated until the regime's human rights record improves. According to Low, by reducing aid and sending "mixed signals" to the Chileans, the United States risks precipitating a crisis situation in Chile. Low concludes his memo by recommending that Scowcroft schedule a special meeting in which U.S. agencies can "clarify guidelines for future policy."FBI Report to Chilean Military on Detainee, June 6, 1975This letter, one of a number sent by FBI attache Robert Scherrer to Chilean General Ernesto Baeza, provides intelligence obtained through the interrogation of a captured Chilean leftist, Jorge Isaac Fuentes. The document records U.S. collaboration with Chile's security forces, including the promise of surveillance of subjects inside the United States. Fuentes was detained through Operation Condor--a network of Chilean, Argentinian and Paraguayan secret police agencies which coordinated tracking, capturing and killing opponents. According to the Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation, he was tortured in Paraguay, turned over to the Chilean secret police, and disappeared.Department of Defense, Directorate of National Intelligence (DINA) Expands Operations and Facilities, April 15, 1975This heavily excised Intelligence Report from the Defense Attache in Santiago Chile, describes the growth of DINA, the national intelligence arm of the Chilean government and "the sole responsible agency for internal subversive matters." Many of the excised portions provide details about the strained relations between DINA and the Chilean Armed Forces because of DINA's exclusive power. The report states that the head of DINA, Colonel Manuel Contreras, "has reported exclusively to, and received orders only from, President Pinochet."Department of State, Kubisch-Huerta Meeting: Request for Specific Replies to Previous Questions on Horman and Teruggi Cases, February 11, 1974This telegram, written by Ambassador Popper and directed to the U.S. Secretary of State, reports on a meeting between Assistant Secretary of State Jack Kubisch, and Chile's foreign minister General Huerta on the controversy over two U.S. citizens--Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi--executed by the military after the coup. Kubisch notes that he is raising this issue "in the context of the need to be careful to keep relatively small issues in our relationship from making our cooperation more difficult."Department of State, Chilean Executions, November 16, 1973This memo, sent to the Secretary of State by Jack Kubisch, states that summary executions in the nineteen days following the coup totaled 320--more than three times the publicly acknowledged figure. At the same time, Kubisch reports on new economic assistance just authorized by the Nixon administration. The memo provides information about the Chilean military's justification for the continued executions. It also includes a situation report and human rights fact sheet on Chile.Department of Defense, U.S. Milgroup, Situation Report #2, October 1, 1973In a situation report, U.S. Naval attache Patrick Ryan, reports positively on events in Chile during the coup. He characterizes September 11 as "our D-Day," and states that "Chile's coup de etat [sic] was close to perfect." His report provides details on Chilean military operations during and after the coup, as well as glowing commentary on the character of the new regime.Defense Intelligence Agency, Biographic Data on General Augusto Pinochet, August/September 1973This DIA biographic summary covers the military career of the leader of Chile's military coup, General Augusto Pinochet. The DIA, an intelligence branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, routinely collects "Biographic Data" on all high military officials around the world. The heavy deletions are likely to conceal Chilean sources providing information on Pinochet, his own contacts with U.S. officials, and commentary on his character, reputation, political orientation and actions during his career.Department of State, Memorandum for Henry Kissinger on Chile, December 4, 1970In response to a November 27 directive from Kissinger, an inter-agency Ad Hoc Working Group on Chile prepared this set of strategy papers covering a range of possible sanctions and pressures against the new Allende government. These included a possible diplomatic effort to force Chile to withdraw--or be expelled--from the Organization of American States as well as consultations with other Latin American countries "to promote their sharing of our concern over Chile." The documents show that the Nixon administration did engage in an invisible economic blockade against Allende, intervening at the World Bank, IDB, and Export-Import bank to curtail or terminate credits and loans to Chile before Allende had been in office for a month.CIA, Report of CIA Chilean Task Force Activities, 15 September to 3 November 1970, November 18, 1970The CIA prepared a summary of its efforts to prevent Allende's ratification as president and to foment a coup in Chile-- track I and track II covert operations. The summary details the composition of the Task Force, headed by David Atlee Phillips, the team of covert operatives "inserted individually into Chile," and their contacts with Col. Paul Winert, the U.S. Army Attache detailed to the CIA for this operation. It reviews the propaganda operations designed to push Chilean president Eduardo Frei to support "a military coup which would prevent Allende from taking office on 3 November."National Security Council, National Security Decision Memorandum 93, Policy Towards Chile, November 9, 1970This memorandum summarizes the presidential decisions regarding changes in U.S. policy toward Chile following Allende's election. Written by Henry Kissinger and sent to the Secretaries of State, Defense, the Director of the Office of Emergency Preparedness and the Director of Central Intelligence, this memo directs U.S. agencies to adopt a "cool" posture toward Allende's government, in order to prevent his consolidation of power and "limit [his] ability to implement policies contrary to U.S. and hemisphere interests." The memo states that existing U.S. assistance and investments in Chile should be reduced, and no new commitments undertaken. Furthermore, according to Kissinger's memo, "close relations" should be established and maintained with military leaders throughout Latin America to facilitate coordination of pressure and other opposition efforts.CIA, Briefing by Richard Helms for the National Security Council, Chile, November 6, 1970This paper provides the talking points for CIA director Richard Helms to brief the NSC on the situation in Chile. The briefing contains details on the failed coup attempt on October 22--but does not acknowledge a CIA role in the assassination of General Rene Schneider. Helms also assesses Allende's "tenacious" character and Soviet policy toward Chile. Intelligence suggests that Chile's socialists, he informs council members, "will exercise restraint in promoting closer ties with Russia."National Security Council, Options Paper on Chile (NSSM 97), November 3, 1970A comprehensive secret/sensitive options paper, prepared for Henry Kissinger and the National Security Council on the day of Allende's inauguration, laid out U.S. objectives, interests and potential policy toward Chile. U.S. interests were defined as preventing Chile from falling under Communist control and preventing the rest of Latin America from following Chile "as a model." Option C--maintaining an "outwardly cool posture" while working behind the scenes to undermine the Allende government through economic pressures and diplomatic isolation--was chosen by Nixon. CIA operations and options are not included in this document.CIA, Cable Transmissions on Coup Plotting, October 18, 1970These three cables between CIA headquarters in Langley, VA., and the CIA Station in Santiago address the secret shipment of weapons and ammunition for use in a plot to kidnap the Chilean military commander, General Rene Schneider. "Neutralizing" Schneider was a key prerequisite for a military coup; he opposed any intervention by the armed forces to block Allende's constitutional election. The CIA supplied a group of Chilean officers led by General Camilo Valenzuela with "sterile" weapons for the operation which was to be blamed on Allende supporters and prompt a military takeover. Instead, on October 22, General Schneider was killed by another group of plotters the CIA had been collaborating with, led by retired General Roberto Viaux. Instead of a coup, the military and the country rallied behind Allende's ratification by Chile's Congress on October 24.CIA, Operating Guidance Cable on Coup Plotting, October 16, 1970In a secret cable, CIA deputy director of plans, Thomas Karamessines, conveys Kissinger's orders to CIA station chief in Santiago, Henry Hecksher: "It is firm and continuing policy that Allende be overthrown by a coup." The "operating guidance" makes it clear that these operations are to be conducted so as to hide the "American hand," and that the CIA is to ignore any orders to the contrary from Ambassador Korry who has not been informed of Track II operations.CIA, Memorandum of Conversation of Meeting with Henry Kissinger, Thomas Karamessines, and Alexander Haig, October 15, 1970This memcon records a discussion of promoting a coup in Chile, known as "Track II" of covert operations to block Allende. The three officials discuss the possibility that the plot of one Chilean military official, Roberto Viaux, might fail with "unfortunate repercussions" for U.S. objectives. Kissinger orders the CIA to "continue keeping the pressure on every Allende weak spot in sight."CIA, Genesis of Project FUBELT, September 16, 1970These minutes record the first meeting between CIA director Helms and high agency officials on covert operations--codenamed "FUBELT"--against Allende. A special task force under the supervision of CIA deputy director of plans, Thomas Karamessines, is established, headed by veteran agent David Atlee Phillips. The memorandum notes that the CIA must prepare an action plan for National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger within 48 hours.CIA, Notes on Meeting with the President on Chile, September 15, 1970These handwritten notes, taken by CIA director Richard Helms, record the orders of the President of the United States, Richard Nixon, to foster a coup in Chile. Helms' notes reflect Nixon's orders: l in 10 chance perhaps, but save Chile!; worth spending; not concerned; no involvement of embassy; $10,000,00 available, more if necessary; full-time job--best men we have; game plan; make the economy scream; 48 hours for plan of action. This presidential directive initiates major covert operations to block Allende's ascension to office, and promote a coup in Chile.Department of State, U.S. Embassy Cables on the Election of Salvador Allende and Efforts to Block his Assumption of the Presidency, September 5-22, 1970This series of eight cables, written by U.S. Ambassador to Chile, Edward Korry, record the reaction and activities of the U.S. Embassy after the election of Salvador Allende's Popular Unity coalition. Known as "Korrygrams," his reports contain some of the most candid, and at times undiplomatic, opinions and observations ever offered by a U.S. Ambassador. With titles such as "No Hope for Chile," and "Some Hope for Chile," Korry provides extensive details about political efforts to block Allende's ratification by the Chilean Congress. The cables report on the activities of Chile's political institutions in response to Allende's election and provide Korry's explicit assessments of the character of key Chilean leaders, particularly the outgoing president, Eduardo Frei.