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Greg here writing from Ottawa, Canada. I work for a camera store called Henry’s and we have 50 or 60 feet of cases full of cameras. The least expensive camera in the store is a Canon ELPH and it goes for about $130 in Canadian dollars. Then you have the Nikon D850 and the Canon 5D MkIV both of which are well into the thousands. Pricing is definitely a factor but price point is not one of the first questions we ask.At the start we can ask what have you been using before, we’re you happy with it, is it outdated, is it broken, was it too big, was it too small, etc… There’s a whole bunch of questions we use just to start the conversation. Usually the customer will mention something which serves as a starting point.In our store we have about 6 categories of cameras. There are the tough cameras like the Olympus TG-5. These camping / vacation / underwater cameras. Usually they’re waterproof, dust-proof and the most indestructible of the cameras. The TG-5 is around $500 Canadian. There’s a Nikon that’s a little cheaper but not much and then there’s a basic Nikon around $200 which is mostly for kids. These cameras have limited zoom as the lens is typically encased in the waterproof housing.The next category is what’s called Point and Shoot. They’re small and compact and can typically fit in a pocket and are good for vacations. Some will also come with exceptional zoom range. They won’t be the best in low light with Sony being the exception. They are more fragile than the tough cameras. Some will come with a fixed screen and no viewfinder. Moving up the ladder and costing a little more will be cameras with articulated screens. Move up a bit more and some of these cameras will come with tiny little viewfinders. These can be an advantage when shooting in bright light. One of the most popular of these cameras, especially with vloggers is the Canon G7X. About $900.There’s another category of cameras called bridge cameras. These cameras have a similar shape to a DSLR camera but have a fixed lens. They’re bigger than the point and shoots. Nikon makes some fairly compact bridge cameras. They’re not bad although some say not so good in low light. Panasonic and Lumix make some very interesting bridge cameras. These cameras can come with unreal amounts of zoom. The 35mm zoom range for one of their cameras is about 28mm to 1200mm. These cameras could be good for safaris or situations where you want to get really close. Many of these cameras come with 4K video.There’s another batch of cameras called mirrorless. What this means is that the shutter is electronic. In a digital single lens reflex camera there’s a mirror in front of the sensor. When you take an image the mirror flips up, temporarily blocks the image in the eyepiece, the image is registered on the sensor and then the mirror drops down. In a mirrorless camera there is no mirror flipping up and down. These cameras can be very quiet and have interchangeable lenses. Sony makes a variety of high end mirrorless cameras that are well know in the professional industry for their low light capabilities. They can also top out at over $2000. Not inexpensive and not for your average weekend warrior.Olympus and Panasonic make a little hybrid category called micro four thirds. These cameras are mirror-less but have the form factor of a DSLR. They also have interchangeable lenses. For many years the Lumix GH4 was the budget documentary filmmakers camera. The GH5, a newer version, is a powerhouse. The Olympus cameras have in body stabilization and are small and compact. One of the Olympus cameras can also generate a 50MP image using sensor shift technology. The high end Olympus cameras also are weather sealed. They can’t be immersed in water but they’ll do well in extreme elements. Fuji also make some small mirror-less but not micro four thirds.The last group of cameras are the DSLR or digital single lens reflex cameras. Nikon and Canon are the leaders in this field. Nikon is the camera that many go to if they primarily shoot stills and Canon gets the nod if you’re shooting video. These cameras also have interchangeable lenses and a huge selection to choose from.Both Nikon and Canon have great package offerings for those just starting out. Typically the Nikon D3400 comes bundled with an 18–55mm lens and starts at around $650. Canon has a T6, also with a 18–55mm lens for about $600. Both would be a good place to start.When you buy a camera and a lens, consider getting a clear filter for the lens. Yes there is a great deal of mark up on the filter but it costs about $30 to buy and a new 18–55mm is about $350. I’ve seen many cameras come into the shop where the filter is smashed but the front lens element survives. Also check the record speed of SD cards. If you’re just doing stills then a record speed of 40mbs is okay but you’ll need something that records around 90mbs if you want to record video. SanDisk Extreme are great cards. A lens pen might also be a good gift suggestion if someone is asking what to get you for your birthday or Christmas.So… ask yourself some of the following:What’s the primary application?Which category of camera will best fit your future needs?Size?Weight?Portability?Cost?B&H Photo and Video is an incredible resource. I love checking out their product reviews. Granted people love to complain but it’s easy to see trends. Check out Camera Decision too. If you google, “Compare the Nikon D3400 and the Canon T7i” you’ll get this great comparison between the two where apples are compared to apples. It’s a very informative site.Hope this helps.Cheers, Greg

(Originally asked as: “What camera do you recommend for a beginner photographer?)Today's cameras are capable of full manual control, but finding one, pro level or not, without tons of automation is pretty much out of the question. at least in the digital world.While taking your course in photography, surely you felt drawn towards a particular form of picture making over others. I like macro, landscape, architectural and abstract photography, but you might find yourself attracted towards action sports, figure photography or still-life / studio photography. Or portraiture or wildlife shooting. Each form calls for at least some equipment which is specialized for that particular sub-genre, so determining what you're at least initially leaning towards in the field should help you decide which should be your first steps in material acquisition most appropriate for that endeavour.I'd say the most important consideration, whatever your inclination, is to keep forward compatibility in mind. In other words, if you follow another contributor's suggestion to get your hands on cameras in a qualified camera outlet, and decide that brand "X" is the one that you're comfortable with, then would be the time to start looking at what an engagement into brand "X" implies. If you're really interested in sports and/or wildlife photography, which will pretty much dictate that you acquire expensive, fast, long-focal length lenses, but looking over brand X's line-up reveals that brand "Y" actually makes a more complete and appropriate range of optics for sports and /or wildlife, you might have to resist brand "X" and go for brand "Y"But of primordial importance is, without necessarily locking yourself into a specific speciality of photography, to really look into yourself to discover what it is about making pictures that excites you. I really believe that's the first decision you will need to make.A friend photographer/artist I knew a long time ago was a master at art reproduction, which required him to be equipped with a view camera, massive calibrated tungsten lights, polarized sheets and filters, etc... One day he received the assignment of photographing an art-form he'd not encountered before: Japanese poetry etched into tiny stones, barely the size of grains of rice. That's when he called me up, and I gladly helped him set up my macro stand equipped with a bellows, a highly specialized macro lens designed for use only on a bellows, and he got what he was looking for: an image filling a 35 mm. frame with an object no more than a quarter life-size, if that.So, while he needed my equipment to shoot the Japanese pieces, it was so unusual an occurrence for him that it would have been senseless for him to have gone out and purchase an advanced macro setup, (which in spite of being an expert photographer he would have had much difficulty in mastering sufficiently in the time he had to shoot the subject) just as much as it would have been utter folly on MY part to go out and purchase all the specialized gear he had since I never got into art reproduction photography.Find out what your photographic "hands" are good for, THEN think about acquiring the appropriate glove.

As i read so much in the internet trying to answer this and before pasting i understood that it is a part of two fields1. Computer science as coding is involved.2. Electrical engineering because the signals in the form of electricity are to be handled.For information sake it can be opted by ECE students as well.Image processing is the name for this process of selecting data, adjusting colour, contrast and dynamic range to reveal the hidden detail in data. It is a part of Imaging science-a multidisciplinary field concerned with the generation, collection, duplication, analysis, modification, and visualization of images. As an evolving field it includes research and researchers from physics, mathematics, electrical engineering, computer vision, computer science, and perceptual psychology.Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.Closely related to image processing are computer graphics and computer vision. In computer graphics, images are manually made from physical models of objects, environments, and lighting, instead of being acquired (via imaging devices such as cameras) from natural scenes, as in most animated movies. Computer vision, on the other hand, is often considered high-level image processing out of which a machine/computer/software intends to decipher the physical contents of an image or a sequence of images (e.g., videos or 3D full-body magnetic resonance scans)Types of image processingDigital image processingOptical engineeringAnalog image processingEverything copied from internet i read them before pasting here, hope the question is answered by a consultant lol.