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Modern warfare has become highly technological and strategic. Contemporary wars are won by Air forces - The modern fighter jets are complex fighting machines which form a ‘critical component’ of any world class air force.Those Critical Assets are :LM JSF F - 35 Lightning IILM F - 22 RaptorEuro Fighter TyphoonSu - 35 Super Flanker ERafale Omni Role Super french FR3 / M variantsGripen SAAB Smart Fighter JAS - 39 C / D / EChengdu Stealth J - 20 Mighty DragonStrike Eagle F - 15 EAdvanced Fulcrum MiG - 35sF / A - 18 Super HornetsF - 21 ViperFighting Falcon F - 16 Block - 52 & 60CAC J - 10s C Fire Bird Super Multi RoleSu - 30 Flanker variantsEagle F - 15 Variant CSu 27 s ‘Base Flanker’Fulcrum MiG - 29sare considered PRIME assets for their air forces.They carry expensive tools of destruction with them such as :AIM 120 DMBDA MeteorRussian R - 77Storm ShadowVympel R - 73MICAR - 27Chinese Ultra long range PL - 15SD - 10JSMPavewayBrimstoneAIM 120 CAIM 132R - DarterDerbyPythonK - 100Astra &Cruise Missile & Stand Off A SMP VariantsHence one can safely say that No Manufacturer of Fighter jet will give away the Real / true Warfare or combat capability, let alone the full limits of it. Hence One has to wait for the real combat - the real showdown to see the real capability. Base Specifications & information related to Systems , Components , Weapons and Electronics are issued for marketing tactics or for disinformation purposes. So maybe all the information available is NOT 100% accurate.__________________________________________________________________________________A generation of Airmen seems to have forgotten a simple lesson from history:‘It was leadership, not fancy equipment, that made the difference.’^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^THE EURO FIGHTER EF-2000 Tranche 4NICKNAMED “TYPHOON”Its a highly discussed Fighter jet , having mixed reviews by its supporters and by its opponents, has sparked a public argument. With predecessors such as JAGUAR, PANAVIA & HARRIER, Its a European consortium Fighter UK, Germany , Italy & Spain - first proto type released in Mid 1990s. Hence It was a European solution to a European scenario. In the Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) role as interceptor the Typhoon is arguably the best in the world. No other fighter has as brief a response time as the Typhoon.DESIGN & AERODYNAMICSThe ability to patrol and intercept hostile aircraft is known as Quick Reaction Alert. Typhoon is a master in it.Designed for Single Seat - STOL Capable - Twin Engine - Initially developed as Supersonic BVR interception and close combat , Multi Role adaptations. Typhoon is designed to perform at least five air missions very efficiently :Air superiorityAir interdictionSuppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD)Close Air Support (CAS)Maritime Attack.Its in active operational service with 9 Operators.(Consortium members plus Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Austria ). More than 550 Euro fighter Typhoon aircraft have been successfully delivered to seven countries: Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Austria, Oman and Saudi Arabia; and ordered by two more: Kuwait and Qatar. Participated in combats during operations in Libya, Iraq and Syria.Length 15.96 m x Wingspan 10.95 m.Length 15.67 mtrs x Wingspan 10.67 mtrs for F- 35AHence slightly Big in Size then lets say F-35 Lightning IIMax Altitude Above 59,000 ftEuro Fighter is based on a Typical European Design of Unstable air frame , a fore-plane Delta - wing forward canard configuration, with dual intakes under the fuselage & a single vertical stabilizer .The ‘conventional statically stable’ aircraft has a ‘built-in’ inherent stability which requires a large wing area and causes a lot of drag that slows the aircraft under a turn.Fighter jets require Agility which is exact opposite of Stability. You want a fighter to be able to make turns & loops as quickly & easily as possible. Consequently, fighter aircraft rely on configurations that are unstable or neutrally stable. Canards help in this regard.CANARDS AND THEIR IMPACTAn aeronautical device wherein a small fore-wing is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. A wide variety of canard designs have been proposed and flown over . Canards are used on aircraft whose main wings are well behind the center of gravity, such as the Euro fighter Typhoon..Canards can be used as horizontal stabilizers as they being ahead of the C.G of the aircraft, acts directly to reduce longitudinal static stability.The aerodynamic advantages derived from the delta wing canard configuration :AERODYNAMIC FLOW RESULTING IN HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK :Angle of attack is the angle at which the oncoming air meets the wing. At low angle of attack, the vertical tail provides directional stability. However, as the angle of attack increases, its effectiveness decreases.High angles of attack (AOA) can be translated into a very high instantaneous turn rate and gives maneuverability advantages. Modern fighter jets can exceed 90 degrees AOA - Yet the software limit’s them from 30 - 60 Degrees to prevent Air frame damage owing to Stresses and fatigue factors.Layman terms - Higher the angle of attack, the more lift is generated by the wing… ONLY UP TO A POINT.Thereafter the wing reach its ‘Critical Angle of Attack’ , and at higher angles of attack the amount of lift generated drops dramatically.Beyond the critical angle of attack , the wing no longer effectively generates lift and jet is stalled. Canards stall before the wings. Canards smoothen the turbulence and create Laminar (non-turbulent) flow. Good vortex flow is obtained and a High Angle of Attack may be obtained.UN-STABILITY :Create Un-stability which is preferred. Results in Agility. The result is balanced by applying Controlled by FBW Computer Systems. A statically unstable basic aircraft needs continuous stabilization with the help of an active flight control system with full authority.The high angle of attack recovery (HAoA) function is an extension of the flight control system’s angle of attack limitation. If the aircraft has a low speed and high nose angle, the angle of attack will be low at first but will increase and exceed the angle of attack limit as the speed drops further. The HAoA function and command will return the aircraft to the normal flight envelope in a controlled manner.CREATES LIFT :The canard essentially moves horizontal tail up to the nose and places the wing's center of lift behind the center of gravity. To balance the natural nose down tendency, Canard generates an upward lifting force - which helps oppose weight.Note that Canards results to produce ‘induced drag’ , it is usually countered by high aspect ratio canards i.e long and narrow.Combined delta canard configuration and 538 ft2 wing size confer very low wing loading on 50% internal fuel, and are optimized for transonic maneuver and supersonic dash performance. The loosely coupled canard is intended to provide high control authority at high angles of attack, by placing the surfaces ahead of the main vortices, but also to provide lower trim drag in supersonic flight.A Modern Composite Airframe with constituents :Carbon Fiber Composites 70%Metals 15%Glass Reinforced Plastics (GRP) 12%Only 15% of the aircraft’s surface is metal. This gives a small Radar Cross section of RCS < 0.5 m2. Hence Typhoon makes slightly greater use of RAM and active canard signature management for frontal RCS reduction (As a comparison this is probably offset in the high-end survivability department by Active Stealth of Gripen E or Rafale’s superior SPECTRA electronic warfare system).POWER PLANT & PROPULSION EXCELLENCEThe Euro Jet EJ - 200’s components were developed by Rolls-Royce plc, MTU, Avio Group SpA, and Industria Turbo Propulsores SA – all well-respected names. And, like the Eurofighter, The Euro-jet consortium hails from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain.The EJ-200 is the most modern combat engine in its class – with the best thrust-to-weight ratio, thrust retention and smallest fan diameter – the EJ200 sets new standards for reliability and adaptability. Typhoon is powered by 2 x Eurojet EJ-200 after-burning turbofans , each develops a DRY THRUST of 65 KN / 14,000 LBS & 90 KN / 20, 500 LBS Thrust with REHEAT.It takes about 1 minute 30 seconds after take-off to reach more than 30,000 feet, all the while maintaining intercept airspeed.The engine is compact, approximately 4 meter in length, 800 mm (30 inches) in diameter and weighs around 1,000 kg. The two-spool design with single-stage turbines drives the three-stage fan and five-stage HP compressor with annular combustion with vaporizing burners.Engines powering the Typhoons of UK Royal Air Force (RAF) routinely achieve a mean time between repairs of over 1,000 flying hours, while the fleet leader in RAF has achieved over 1,700 flying hours on-wing without need for repair. This is unprecedented in combat engines where on-wing hours can often be measured in the low hundreds for previous generation engines. Reliability centric Predictive Maintenance is achieved through use of advanced integrated Health Monitoring for class-leading reliability, maintainability and through Life Cost.Capability to cruise at supersonic speeds without the use of reheat (After Burners) for extended periods. it can fly at sustained speeds of MACH 1.5 AT FULL COMBAT EXTERNAL LOAD without the use of afterburner.CRITICAL SUB SYSTEMS OF PROPULSION SYSTEMLP CompressorHP CompressorA.C.CTurbine StageRe Heat or After burner SystemsDECMU1- LP - LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOREJ-200 consists of a 3-stage Low-pressure compressor (LPC) module & 5-stage High-pressure compressor. This provides a ‘High Surge margin’ (Typhoon pilots feedback often states it is virtually impossible to surge the engine), needs no heating devices to combat ice and has a high bird strike resistance. Each stage of the LPC is equipped with wide-chord integrated blade/disk (blisk) assemblies that are low in weight (each stage in the LPC consists of a single blisk with no removable parts) and are a major factor in the reduction of complexity easing the burden on maintenance cost and personnel. At the end of the Low Pressure Compression module, core air is compressed by a factor of 4.2.2 -HP - HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSORAir is then directed to the High Pressure Compressor (HPC), which is again designed achieve high reliability and minimum maintenance effort.Like the LPC, HPC is also equipped with single blisks in the first three stages. HPC further compresses core air by a factor of 6.2, leading to air that has been compressed by a factor of 26. The fact that EJ200 achieves this in eight stages, far lesser than the nine or ten stages employed by engines of comparable performance, is testament to the efficient aerodynamic design of the blades.3 - ACC - ANNULAR COMBUSTION CHAMBEREJ-200s annular combustor receives the highly compressed air. Micro-spraying fuel increases combustion-efficiency and also reduces the visible emissions of oxides of nitrogen. The key factors in determining jet engine efficiency and achievable work are the temperature and pressure differences attained between the engine inlet and combustor outlet. Although the maximum temperature of air leaving the combustion chamber is classified, the outlet stator temperature is generally reported to be 200ºC higher than previous generation engines.4 - TURBINE STAGEDownstream of the annular combustion chamber is the High Pressure Turbine (HPT). In order to handle the large temperatures generated in the combustion chamber, the HPT uses air-cooled single-crystal blades. The HPT guide vanes utilise a special Thermal Barrier Coating which increases the life of the blade and increases the achievable operating temperature .Following the HPT is a single Low Pressure Turbine stage, again employing single crystal blades.5- AFTER BURNING SYSTEMSEUROJET has installed an innovative three-stage thrust augmentation system to supply reheat as and when required by the pilot. Downstream from the low-pressure turbine, in the exhaust duct, are the first two stages of the thrust augmenter. The first stage consists of a radial series of burners and their associated flame cups. Subsequent to this is a stage of ‘primary vaporisers’ that spray fine mists of fuel that combust on contact with the hot exhaust air. Finally, the third stage comprises of fuel injectors located at the back of the bypass duct. These spray fuel into the cold, oxygen rich air that has passed through the duct unburned. It should be noted the dry performance of the engine is so good, pilots do not use reheat as much as other engines in this class. Operationally, this means more performance for less fuel.6 - DECMU (Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit)EJ-200’s Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit (DECMU) provides carefree handling for the whole turbo-machinery, automatically activates and controls the various stages of reheat, reduces pilot workload and provides engine monitoring and executive lifting functionalities. Executive Lifing measures actual usage rather than planned mission profiles which can achieve up to 50% Life Cycle Cost savings compared to other engines without this advantage. This is key not only to achieving the unparalleled standards of reliability but also in making the engine cost effective over its performance life. Executive Lifting reduces maintenance costs, especially given that the EJ-200 maintenance philosophy is a modular concept.Rate of Climb 317 Mtrs / SecWith 90KN ThrustSpeed 2.1 - 2.2 Mach & 2,900 kms RangeCombat RadiusGround attack, lo-lo-lo : 601 kmGround attack, hi-lo-hi : 1389 kmAir defence with 3hr CAP : 185 kmAir defence with 10-min loiter : 1389 kmG Limits : +9/-3 w/ int fuel and two AIM-120Impressive Thrust to Weight Ration of 1.15Empty Weight 22,000 lb / 9,999 kgMax Take-Off Weight 46,305 lb / 21,000 kgFerry Range 5,382 km / 3,310 miles — with 4 x drop tanksTyphoon is the faster aircraft and has a significantly superior thrust-to-weight ratio which gives it better acceleration at all altitudes. This also allows Typhoon to retain and regain energy faster (than say Rafale) in a horizontal dogfight situation. Another key factor in maneuverability is Wing Loading ratio ; In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. It is expressed as kilograms per square meter, or pounds per square foot of wing area.Smaller the wing loading ratio , the better the turn performance.[math]Euro[/math][math] Fighter - 310 ; [/math][math]Rafale - 327 ; [/math][math]F15C - 358 ; [/math][math]F-18 - 460 Kg / m2. [/math]It also has a significantly higher service ceiling of over 60,000 ft which allows it to operate uniquely well alongside the US F-22 Raptors ‘high and fast’ in the air superiority role which is exactly where it was designed to excel.RADAR , AVIONICS & COMMUNICATIONSFull Authority FCS & Quadruplex digital system. Modern and comprehensive Avionic package. The pilot’s control system is a voice throttle and stick system (VTAS). Heads Up and Heads Down Display systems M.H.D.D installed.Detection technology used in latest tranch is :X-band CAPTOR (I/J-band) ECR-90 pulse-Doppler multi mode radar.An AESA radar provides an aircraft with a more efficient, more robust, longer-ranged and finer-detailed radar than older, mechanically scanned or passive systems. It has improved Jamming Resistance and acts immensely to increase the situational awareness and effectiveness of a modern fighter jet. The addition of an AESA radar has become necessary because almost all modern fighter aircraft have already transitioned to this architecture.The CAPTOR-E radar , being developed by the Euro RADAR Consortium led by Selex ES, is based on the existing ‘back end’ of the mechanically-scanned (M-scan) CAPTOR radar. All Weather Radar Features Synthetic Aperture, Multi mode A/A and A/G Fire Control Radar and Weapon System Support, with over 1,000 modules and a new AESA antenna mounted on an innovative repositioner. It can also cover low band Frequencies VHF/UHF. This gives the radar an unmatched field of regard without compromising performance and reliability.P.I.R.A.T.E SYSTEMA Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system for infrared search and tracking or a Supplementary Radar.The Typhoon’s PIRATE IRST is far and away the most capable fighter-mounted system in operation anywhere in the world. Its phenomenal sensitivity caused problems during the first decade of service due to the sheer number of false positive returns but now that processing power has caught up enough to allow the sensitivity to be properly exploited for extremely long range detection of fighter sized targets, including stealth targets, it is becoming one of Typhoon’s strongest advantages in the air superiority arena.However, at present, the systems integration allowing the radar and IRST to be tasked together in an optimal fashion is still superior on Rafale. This is a core focus of capability upgrades in the P3E software package for Typhoon.The system picks up heat changes around it & by this spot subsonic aircraft as far away as up to 100 km+. This means that the Typhoon can still shoot its advanced IR-tracking missiles at a target, even though its enemy has stealth features.PIRATE detects and tracks the Infra-Red signatures of multiple aircraft at long range, over a wide field of view, day & night and adverse weather conditions. Being a passive sensor, it enables the aircraft to gather early intelligence of threats and to maneuver stealthily into an advantageous tactical position without being detected by hostile electronic warfare systems.PIRATE is integrated with other on-board sensor systems for maximum sensor fusion effectiveness. PIRATE locates & provides ‘cueing information’ on ground targets. It provides data and imagery to Head’s-up & Multi-function Head’s -down displays, facilitating navigation and terrain avoidance in adverse weather conditions.D.A.S.S SYSTEMDefensive Aid Sub System with Electronic Counter measures against incoming Missiles.Offering a comprehensive suite of electronic support measures and counter-measures, the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub System developed by the Leonardo-led EuroDASS consortium, is carried in 2 x wing pods that are an integral part of the wing. DASS greatly enhances Eurofighter Typhoon’s ability to avoid, evade, counter and survive evolving threats.It consists of :Electronic Support Measures (ESM)A laser threat and missile approach warning systemAn Electronic Countermeasures System (ECM), decoys, towed decoysJammers and other sensorsAvionics.Eurofighter Typhoon D.A.S.S is also equipped with a ‘Towed Radar Decoy’ . carried in the starboard side as ‘built in’ to the wing tip. Towed decoy systems are for defensive purposes & used to protect fighter jets from radar-guided missiles. These countermeasures are towed behind the host aircraft protecting it against both surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. They provide a radio-wave reflecting baid that attracts the RF-guided missiles away from the intended target.Miniature Air Launched Decoy MALDENHANCED SITUATIONAL AWARENESSEven while still on the ground, the pilot can keep a check on the position of the aircraft to be intercepted via its Data-Link (a two-way radio-controlled data exchange).The Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD) is used to lure enemy air defense systems into revealing themselves or attacking aircraft or ISTAR systems that can provide targeting information for stand off weapons. With a range of 500 nm, endurance of 45 minutes, operating altitude of 40,000 feet plus, speed of Mach 0.91, modular electronics fit and emissions signature that is designed to mimic allied aircraft it can also be used to simply overwhelm air defenses with targets, if they attack MALD they are depleting their finite missile stocks.The data-link is provided by the Multiple Image Data System (MIDS). It aids situational awareness information to the pilot. As a case in point - The french Super Omni Jet Rafale utilities ‘a one-way datalink’ with the missile when it has been fired, not the 2 - way ‘Datalink’. which Typhoon and Gripen E are equipped with – which allows for much more accurate and reliable guidance during very long range engagements whilst the missile is in semi-active mode.Kuwait’s Typhoons will be the first to use the Lockheed Martin Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod (ATP), which has recently been upgraded to include two-color laser spot tracking, short-wave infrared, and advanced non-traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR) modes.New-customer Typhoons Will Be the Most Advanced Yet***********************************************************************************In 2011, the RAF deployed 10 x Typhoon aircraft to its base in Italy for operations in Libya, and achieved 4,500 flying hours without an engine change. The aircraft operated in its air-to-air role and for the first time attacked ground targets using laser-guided Paveway bombs. “The sensors on the aircraft are so good it’s a question of how we use that information and how we get it to other fast jets and ground allies. It is about ensuring the right information is in the right place at the right time.” — Air Cdre Linc Taylor, Royal Air Force.A U.K. Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon used a brimstone missile to destroy a boat used by Islamic State in Syria, the RAF said Friday, 2019 February 22 release, marking the first time the aircraft has deployed the weapon system. Brimstone is an air-launched ground-attack missile developed by MBDA for the RAF, specifically to target enemy armor. The Brimstone launcher carries three missiles in a single weapon station. Its equipped with enhanced autopilot, the Dual Mode SAL / milli metric wave (mmW) seeker, and the insensitive munition-compliant rocket motor and warhead.For Air to Ground missions you have the ability to simply look outside at where a target is then cue the weapon system to look there with the Litening Designator Pod. Due to this capability it means that after identifying a target, you can drop a Paveway IV, 500-lb precision weapon on it in seconds.**************************************************************************************WEAPONSMauser Cannon 27 mmIt has 13 hard points which allows for up to 3 fuel drop tanks and 10 missiles/laser guided bombs or 13 missiles/laser guided bombsLong Range 6 x BVR Matra- Meteor AMRAAMClose range SRAAM is 2 x AIM-132 ASRAAM.A range of air-to-ground weapons can be carried, including the new Storm Shadow CASOM, Brimstone anti-armour weapon, and the future Precision Guided Bomb (PGB).Manufacturers ban Euro Fighter in exports for carrying nuclear weapons. RAF standoff weapon is the Matra-BAe Storm Shadow cruise missile.SCALP - STORM SHADOW Air-Launched, Long RANGE , Stand-Off Deep Attack MissileThe Storm Shadow missile is designed to penetrate deep into hard rock targets. It is equipped with fire-and-forget technology and fully autonomous guidance.The missile has a length of 5.1 m, wingspan of 3m, and a body diameter of 0.48 m. It weighs 1,300 kg and has a range of more than 250 km. The Storm Shadow missile is equipped with a Turbomeca Microturbo TRI 60-30 turbojet propulsion system, which can produce a 5.4 kN of thrust.The missile is fitted with a two-stage bomb royal ordnance augmented charge (BROACH) blast/ penetrator warhead.The first stage of the warhead makes the way for the second stage by cutting the surface of the target. The larger second stage (main) of the warhead then penetrates into the target and detonates.The navigation system of the missile includes inertial navigation (INS), global positioning system (GPS) and terrain reference navigation for better control over the path and accurate target strike. The missile is fitted with a passive imaging infrared seeker. Once released from the aircraft, the missile follows a pre-programmed path at low level with the help of continuous updates from the on board navigation system. It employs imaging infrared seeker to compare the actual target area with stored imagery repeatedly until reaching the target.The Storm Shadow is also in service with the air forces of Italy, Greece, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is referred to as Black Shaheen in the UAE Air Force service.The Storm Shadow can be integrated into Tornado GR4, Tornado IDS, Saab Gripen, Mirage 2000, Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon and JSF F - 35 aircraft.CROWN JEWEL BVR - M E T E O R MBDA** Meteor : Beyond Visual Range BVRAAM Air to Air with Active Radar Guidance.Meteor offers a multi-shot capability against long range maneuvering targets, jets, UAVs and cruise missiles in a Loaded Electronic Counter Measure environment , called ECM. It has range well in excess of 100 kilometers . Meteor can be launched as a stealth missile. It is equipped with enhanced kinematics features. It is capable of striking different types of targets simultaneously in almost any weather.Meteor’s stunning performance is achieved through its unique ramjet propulsion system – solid fuel, variable flow, ducted rocket. This ‘ramjet’ motor provides the missile with thrust all the way to target intercept, providing the largest No-Escape Zone of any air-to-air missile.No -escape zone of over 60 km is largest among air-to-air missiles according to manufacturer. Solid-fueled ramjet motor allows missile to cruise at a speed of over mach 4 and provides the missile with thrust and mid-way acceleration to target interception.The Typhoon is a super fighter within visual range , though we must always remember that at WVR , Its not fighting the aircraft but the pilot.*******************************************************************************COSTS AND REVIEW SUMMARYMaintenance cost of Typhoon is on higher side than that of Rafale.Unit Cost in excess of 125 MUS$ per aircraft.Euro Fighter Edges out all competitors such as Rafale in its Maneuverability, Higher THRUST Power , Increased Combat Radius, Excellent IRST , Advanced CM / Decoy system & higher Service Ceiling . Yes Quality is Expensive.Its a potent partner for European nations with JSF Lightning II F - 35.“Where Typhoon acting as Air Superiority Leader and clearing Air enemy jets ;F - 35 Stealth acting as Battle manager - A Command & Control capable - Data fusion Electronic based - Striker bomber role for taking out SAM , S - 400s , AWACS etc and other remaining flying assets ,which may have avoided Euro Fighter Jet by flying away…!https://www.eurofighter.com/the-aircraft***********************************************************************************Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.Thanks for reading..

The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA /juːˈeɪfə/ yoo-AY-fə; French: Union des Associations Européennes de Football;[a]German: Vereinigung Europäischer Fußballverbände)[b]is the administrative body for association football, futsal and beach soccer in Europe, although several member states are primarily or entirely located in Asia. It is one of six continental confederations of world football's governing body FIFA. UEFA consists of 55 national association members.UEFA represents the national football associations of Europe, runs nation and club competitions including the UEFA European Championship, UEFA Nations League, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, and UEFA Super Cup, and controls the prize money, regulations, and media rights to those competitions.Henri Delaunay was the first general secretary and Ebbe Schwartz the first president. The current president is Aleksander Čeferin, a former Football Association of Slovenia president, who was elected as UEFA's seventh president at the 12th Extraordinary UEFA Congress in Athens in September 2016, and automatically became a vice-president of the world body FIFA.[2]ContentsHistory and membership[edit]This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(June 2017)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)UEFA headquarters in Nyon, SwitzerlandUEFA was founded on 15 June 1954 in Basel, Switzerland after consultation between the Italian, French, and Belgian associations.[3]The European football union began with 25 members; that number doubled by the early 1990s as new associations were born out of the fragmentation of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia into their constituent states. Until 1959 the main headquarters were located in Paris, and later in Bern. In 1995, UEFA headquarters were transferred to Nyon, Switzerland.UEFA membership coincides for the most part with recognition as a sovereign country in Europe, although there are some exceptions. Some states (Monaco and Vatican City) are not members. Some UEFA members are not sovereign states, but form part of a larger recognised sovereign state in the context of international law. These include Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales (countries of the United Kingdom), Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory), the Faroe Islands (autonomous country within Denmark), and Kosovo (disputed territory and partially recognised state), however in the context of these countries government functions concerning sport tend to be carried at the territorial level coterminous with the UEFA member entity.Some UEFA members are transcontinental states (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Russia) and others are considered part of Europe both culturally and politically (Armenia and Cyprus). Countries which had been members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) were also admitted to the European football association, particularly Israel (because it had been banned from the AFC group in 1974) and Kazakhstan. Additionally some UEFA member associations allow teams from outside their association's main territory to take part in their "domestic" competition. AS Monaco, for example, takes part in the French League (though a separate sovereign entity); Welsh clubs Cardiff City, Swansea City and Newport County A.F.C. participate in the English League; Berwick Rangers, situated in England, play in the Scottish Professional Football League. Derry City, situated in Northern Ireland, plays in the Republic of Ireland-based League of Ireland and the 7 native Liechtensteinian teams play in the Swiss Leagues.Members[edit]CodeAssociationNational teamsFoundedFIFAaffiliationUEFAaffiliationALBAlbaniaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17193019321954ANDAndorraMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199419961996ARMArmeniaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199219921992AUTAustriaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190419051954AZEAzerbaijanMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199219941994BLRBelarusMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17198919921993BELBelgiumMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17189519041954BIHBosnia and HerzegovinaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199219961998BULBulgariaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192319241954CROCroatiaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17191219921993CYPCyprusMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17193419481962CZECzech RepublicMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190119071954DENDenmarkMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17188919041954ENGEnglandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17186319051954ESTEstoniaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192119231992FROFaroe IslandsMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17197919881990FINFinlandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190719081954FRAFranceMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U171919[n 1]1904[n 2]1954GEOGeorgiaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199019921992GERGermanyMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190019041954GIBGibraltarMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17189520162013GREGreeceMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192619271954HUNHungaryMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190119061954ISLIcelandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U171947[n 3]19471954ISRIsrael[n 4]Men'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17194919491994[n 5]ITAItalyMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17189819051954KAZKazakhstan[n 6]Men'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199419942002KOSKosovoMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17194620162016LVALatviaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192119221992LIELiechtensteinMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17193419741974LTULithuaniaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192219231992LUXLuxembourgMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190819101954MLTMaltaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190019591960MDAMoldovaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199019941993MNEMontenegroMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17193120072007NEDNetherlandsMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17188919041954MKDNorth MacedoniaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192619941994NIRNorthern IrelandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17188019111954NORNorwayMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190219081954POLPolandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U171919[n 7]19231954PORPortugalMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17191419231954IRLRepublic of IrelandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192119231954ROURomaniaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190919231954RUSRussiaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17191219121954SMRSan MarinoMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17193119881988SCOScotlandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17187319101954SRBSerbiaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17191919231954SVKSlovakiaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17193819941993SVNSloveniaMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192019921992ESPSpainMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190919041954SWESwedenMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17190419041954SUISwitzerlandMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17189519041954TURTurkeyMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17192319231962UKRUkraineMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17199119921992WALWalesMen'sU21U19U17Women'sU19U17187619101954Notes[edit]^ Founded as Comité Français Interfédéral in 1907, a predecessor to the current federation.^ The current French FA, the French Football Federation (in its previous incarnation, the Comité Français Interfédéral), replaced the USFSA in 1907.^ Icelandic top-flight club football dates back to 1912 or 35 years prior to founding of KSI, All titles pre-1947 are recognized by KSI^ Former member of the Asian Football Confederation (1954–1974), joined UEFA as several AFC teams refused to play against them. See also Foreign relations of Israel and International recognition of Israel.^ Israel had been an associated member of UEFA since 1992, therefore Israeli clubs were entitled to take part in the 1992–93 and 1993–94 UEFA club competitions despite Israel not being a full UEFA member.^ Former member of the Asian Football Confederation (1994–2002), joined UEFA.^ Founded as Związek Polski Piłki Nożnej (part of the disintegrated Austrian Football Union) in 1911, a predecessor to the current federation.Former members[edit]Saarland Football Union (1954–1956), joined Football Association of West GermanyFootball Association of East Germany (1954–1990), joined Football Association of West Germany as German Football AssociationFootball Federation of the Soviet Union (1954–1991); in 1992 the Soviet Union was dissolved into 15 republics (10 in Europe and 5 in Asia) with the Russian Football Union being acknowledged as the direct successor of the Football Federation of the Soviet Union; in spring and summer of 1992 it was represented by teams of the Commonwealth of Independent StatesFootball Association of Yugoslavia (1954–1992); in 1992 Yugoslavia collapsed, with various federal republics becoming independent states, leaving only Serbia and Montenegro as part of FR Yugoslavia (which was renamed the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003); the Football Association of Serbia and Montenegro was acknowledged as the direct successor of Football Association of Yugoslavia. Four other successor republics formed their own football organisations.Football Association of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006); in 2006 the union state was dissolved with the Football Association of Serbia becoming its successor. Montenegro, which exited the union, created the Football Association of Montenegro. It competed as FR Yugoslavia until 2003 when the country changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro.Football Association of Czechoslovakia (1954–1993), became Football Association of the Czech Republic and Slovak Football Association with the Football Association of the Czech Republic acknowledged as its direct successor.Sanctions[edit]Against associations[edit]Lithuania, in 1990 sanctions were imposed due to secession of Lithuanian Football Federation from the Football Federation of Soviet UnionYugoslavia, in 1992-1998 sanctions were imposed due to the Bosnian War (as part of Yugoslav Wars)Against clubs (restrictions against associations)[edit]Italy, in 1974-1975 sanctions were imposed against SS Lazio due to its fans, Italy was restricted from the European Cup to which Lazio qualifiedEngland, in 1985-1991 sanctions were imposed against English association football clubs due to the Heysel Stadium disaster by suspending their participation in continental competitions for five yearsNetherlands, in 1991-1992 sanctions were imposed against AFC Ajax due to its fans, the Netherlands were restricted from the European Cup to which Ajax qualifiedAlbania, in 1967 special sanctions were imposed against 1966–67 Albanian Superliga due to its political background1968–69 the Warsaw Pact demonstrated political protest and imposed sanctions on clubs of its members in continental competitions (included East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Soviet Union)Competitions[edit]Main article: UEFA competitionsUEFA runs official international competitions in Europe and some countries of Northern, Southwestern and Central Asia for national teams and professional clubs, known as UEFA competitions, some of which are regarded as the world's most prestigious tournaments.International[edit]The UEFA is the organiser of two of the most prestigious competitions in international football: The UEFA European Championship and the UEFA Nations League. The main competition for men's national teams is the UEFA European Championship, started in 1958, with the first finals in 1960, and known as the European Nations Cup until 1964. It is also called UEFA or the EURO. The UEFA Nations League is the second tournament of the UEFA and was introduced in 2018. The tournament largely replaced the international friendly matches previously played on the FIFA International Match Calendar. It will be played every two years.UEFA also runs national competitions at Under-21, Under-19 and Under-17 levels. For women's national teams, UEFA operates the UEFA Women's Championship for senior national sides as well as Women's Under-19 and Women's Under-17 Championships.UEFA also organised the UEFA–CAF Meridian Cup with CAF for youth teams in an effort to boost youth football. UEFA launched the UEFA Regions' Cup, for semi-professional teams representing their local region, in 1999. In futsal there is the UEFA Futsal Championship and UEFA Futsal Under-21 Championship. Despite the existence of UEFA's Futsal and Beach soccer committee, UEFA does not organise any beach soccer competitions. International and club beach soccer competitions for UEFA members are organised externally by Beach Soccer Worldwide.The Italian, German, Spanish, French and Russian[4]men's national teams are the sole teams to have won the European football championship in all categories.Club[edit]Main article: List of UEFA club competition winnersUEFA member countries by club competition entry entitlements, 2009/10The top-ranked UEFA competition is the UEFA Champions League, which started in the 1992/93 season and gathers the top 1–4 teams of each country's league (the number of teams depend on that country's ranking and can be upgraded or downgraded); this competition was re-structured from a previous one that only gathered the top team of each country (held from 1955 to 1992 and known as the European Champion Clubs' Cup or simply the European Cup).A second, lower-ranked competition is the UEFA Europa League. This competition, for national knockout cup winners and high-placed league teams, was launched by UEFA in 1971 as a successor of both the former UEFA Cup and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (also begun in 1955). A third competition, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, which had started in 1960, was absorbed into the UEFA Cup (now UEFA Europa League) in 1999.In December 2018, UEFA announced the creation of a third club competition, with a working title of Europa League 2 (UEL2). The competition would feature 32 teams directly in 8 groups of 4, with a knockout round between the second placed teams in UEL2 and the third placed teams in the Europa League, leading to a final 16 knockout stage featuring the eight group winners. UEFA announced that the first edition of the competition begins in 2021[5].In women's football UEFA also conducts the UEFA Women's Champions League for club teams. The competition was first held in 2001, and known as the UEFA Women's Cup until 2009.The UEFA Super Cup pits the winners of the Champions League against the winners of the Europa League (previously the winners of the Cup Winners' Cup), and came into being in 1973.[6][7][8]The UEFA Intertoto Cup was a summer competition, previously operated by several Central European football associations, which was relaunched and recognised as official UEFA club competition by UEFA in 1995.[9]The last Intertoto Cup took place in 2008.The European/South American Cup was jointly organised with CONMEBOL between the Champions League and the Copa Libertadores winners.[10]Only five teams[11][12](Juventus, Ajax, Manchester United, Bayern Munich and Chelsea[13]) have won each of the three main competitions (European Cup/UEFA Champions League, European Cup Winners' Cup/UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League),[14]a feat that is no longer possible for any team that did not win the Cup Winners' Cup. There are currently eight teams throughout Europe that have won two of the three trophies; all but one have won the Cup Winners' Cup, four require a win in the Champions League and four require a UEFA Europa League win.Juventus of Italy was the first team in Europe—remaining the only one to date (2015)—to win all UEFA's official championships and cups[15]and, in commemoration of achieving that feat, have received The UEFA Plaque by the Union of European Football Associations on 12 July 1988.[16][17]UEFA's premier futsal competition is the UEFA Futsal Cup, a tournament started in 2001 which replaced the former Futsal European Clubs Championship. This event, despite enjoying a long and well-established tradition in the European futsal community, dating back to 1984, was never recognised as official by UEFA.Current title holders[edit]CompetitionsChampionsTitleRunners-upNext editionClubsUEFA Champions LeagueReal Madrid13thLiverpool2018–19UEFA Europa LeagueAtlético Madrid3rdMarseille2018–19UEFA Super CupAtlético Madrid3rdReal Madrid2019UEFA Youth LeaguePorto1stChelsea2019–20UEFA Futsal Champions LeagueSporting CP1stAFC Kairat2019–20UEFA Women's Champions LeagueLyon5thWolfsburg2018–19Nations MenUEFA European ChampionshipPortugal1stFrance2020 (June–July)UEFA Nations LeaguevacantN/Avacant2018–19 (Sep.–June)UEFA European U-21 ChampionshipGermany2ndSpain2019 (June)UEFA European U-19 ChampionshipPortugal4thItaly2019 (July)UEFA European U-17 ChampionshipNetherlands3rdItaly2019 (May)UEFA Futsal ChampionshipPortugal1stSpain2022UEFA Under-19 Futsal ChampionshipvacantN/Avacant2019 (Sep.)Nations WomenUEFA Women's ChampionshipNetherlands1stDenmark2021 (July)UEFA Women's U-19 ChampionshipSpain3rdGermany2019 (July)UEFA Women's U-17 ChampionshipSpain4thGermany2019 (May)UEFA Women's Futsal ChampionshipSpain1stPortugal2021UEFA competitions[edit]Clubs:UEFA Champions LeagueUEFA Europa LeagueUEFA Super CupUEFA Women's Champions LeagueUEFA Futsal Champions LeagueUEFA Youth LeagueDefunctUEFA Cup Winners' CupUEFA Intertoto CupNational teams:UEFA European ChampionshipUEFA Nations LeagueUEFA European Under-21 ChampionshipUEFA European Under-19 ChampionshipUEFA European Under-17 ChampionshipUEFA Women's ChampionshipUEFA Women's Under-19 ChampionshipUEFA Women's Under-17 ChampionshipUEFA Futsal ChampionshipUEFA Futsal Under-21 ChampionshipUEFA Women's Futsal ChampionshipIntercontinental:DefunctIntercontinental Champions' SupercupIntercontinental CupUEFA–CAF Meridian CupAmateur:UEFA Regions' CupDefunctUEFA Amateur CupNations with trophies[edit]Main article: UEFA club competition records and statisticsNationMenWomenFutsalTotalEuroU21U19U17EuroU19U17Men'sWomen'sSpain34890347139Germany[A]32438660032France21720400016Italy15110102011Portugal10360001011Russia[B]12230101010Netherlands1203110008England0222010007Sweden0100130005Bulgaria0030000003Turkey0012000003Czech Republic[C]1101000003Poland0011001003Denmark1000010002Norway0000200002Republic of Ireland0011000002Serbia[D]0110000002Greece1000000001Hungary0010000001Scotland0010000001Ukraine0010000001^ Including East Germany and West Germany.^ Including the Soviet Union.^ Including Czechoslovakia.^ Including Yugoslavia.Sponsors[edit]The UEFA Champions League current main sponsors are:Nissan[18]Gazprom[19]Heineken (excluding France, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey, where alcohol sponsorship is restricted.)MasterCardSony Computer Entertainment Europe[20]PlayStation is the brand advertised.Sony XperiaBanco SantanderHotels.comPepsiCo[21]GatoradeThe UEFA Champions League sponsors are also sponsors of the UEFA Super Cup, UEFA Women's Champions League and the UEFA Youth League (excluding Heineken, which is replaced by EA Sports´s FIFA.)The UEFA Europa League current main sponsors are:Hankook,[22]Kia MotorsFedEx[23]Enterprise Rent-a-Car[24]Adidas is a secondary sponsor and supplies the official match ball and referee uniform for all UEFA competitions.Corruption and controversy[edit]Dissatisfied fans across Europe have referred to the organisation as UEFA mafia, including in Russia's top league,[25]in Bulgaria's top league,[26]and in a Champions League group stage match held in Sweden.[27]The term has also been covered for its use outside of stadiums, for example during a protest in Kosovo outside an EU building following the Serbia v Albania (UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying) match.[28]Following the 2015 FIFA corruption case, the current president of UEFA, Michel Platini, was also involved himself in the case. Swiss prosecutors accuse FIFA president Sepp Blatter of making a "disloyal payment" of $2m (£1.6m) to Mr Platini. Swiss attorney general, Michael Lauber, stated: "We didn't interview Mr Platini as a witness, that's not true. We investigated against him in between as a witness and an accused person".[29][30]Both Platini and Sepp Blatter are currently under formal investigation by FIFA's independent ethics committee.[citation needed]On 8 October 2015, Platini was provisionally suspended for 90 days from any football-related activity.[31]League revenues[edit]See also: List of professional sports leagues by revenueAnnual revenue comparison. All figures in Euros.Source is the Deloitte 2015 annual report, which uses 2013–14 figures.[32]RankLeagueRevenueRevenue sources1English Premier League3.9 bnBroadcast revenue accounts for 50% of league revenue2German Bundesliga2.3 bnCommercial sponsorship accounts for 50% of league revenue3Spanish La Liga1.9 bnReal Madrid and Barcelona account for 56% of league revenue4Italian Serie A1.7 bnMatchday revenue accounts for 12% of league revenue5French Ligue 11.5 bnMatchday revenue accounts for 11% of league revenue6Russian Premier League636 m7English Championship588 m8Turkish Süper Lig444 m9Dutch Eredivisie434 mWorld Cup participation and results[edit]Legend1st – Champions2nd – Runners-up3rd – Third place[wc 1]4th – Fourth placeQF – QuarterfinalsR16 – Round of 16 (since 1986: knockout round of 16)R2 – Second round (for the 1974, 1978, and 1982 tournaments, which had two group stages)R1 – Group stage (in the 1950, 1974, 1978, and 1982 tournaments, which had two group stages, this refers to the first group stage)1S – First Knockout Stage (1934–1938 Single-elimination tournament)• – Did not qualify× – Did not enter / Withdrew / Banned– HostsMen[edit]Team1930(13)1934(16)1938(15)1950(13)1954(16)1958(16)1962(16)1966(16)1970(16)1974(16)1978(16)1982(24)1986(24)1990(24)1994(24)1998(32)2002(32)2006(32)2010(32)2014(32)2018(32)Austria×4th×[wc 2]×3rdR115thו••R27thR28th•R1T-18th•R123rd•••••BelgiumR111thR115thR113th×R112th•••R1T-10th••R210th4thR1611thR1611thR119thR1614th••QF6th3rdBosnia and HerzegovinaPart of Yugoslaviaו•••R120th•Bulgariaו•×••R115thR115thR113thR112th••R1615th•4thR129th•••••CroatiaPart of Yugoslavia×3rdR123rdR122nd•R119th2ndCzech Republic[wc 3]×2ndQF5th×R114thR19th2nd•R115th••R119th•QF6th•••R120th•••Denmark××××וו••••R169th••QF8thR1610th•R124th•R1611thEast Germany[wc 3]Part of Germany×ו•••R26th••••Part of GermanyEngland×××R18thQF6thR111thQF8th1stQF8th••R26thQF8th4th•R169thQF6thQF7thR1613thR126th4thFranceR17thR1T-9thQF6th•R111th3rd•R1T-13th••R112th4th3rd••1stR128th2ndR129thQF7th1stGermany[wc 3]×3rdR110th×1st4thQF7th2nd3rd1stR26th2nd2nd1stQF5thQF7th2nd3rd3rd1stR122ndGreeceו•×••••••••••R124th•••R125thR1613th•Hungary×QF6th2nd×2ndR110thQF5thQF6th••R115thR114thR118th••••••••Iceland××××ו××ו••••••••••R128thIsrael[wc 4]ו••••••R112th••••••••••••Italy×1st1stR17thR110th•R19thR19th2ndR110th4th1stR1612th3rd2ndQF5thR1615th1stR126thR122nd•Netherlands×R1T-9thR114th×ו•••2nd2nd••R1615thQF7th4th•R1611th2nd3rd•Northern Ireland××ו•QF8th•••••R29thR121st••••••••Norway××R112thו•••••••••R117thR1615th•••••PolandוR111th×ו•••3rdR25th3rdR1614th•••R125thR121st••R125thPortugalו•••••3rd••••R117th•••R121st4thR1611thR118thR1613thRepublic of Ireland[wc 5]ו•••••••••••QF8thR1616th•R1612th••••RomaniaR18thR112thR19thו•••R1T-10th••••R1612thQF6thR1611th•••••Russia[wc 6]×××××QF7thQF6th4thQF5th••R27thR1610thR117thR118th•R122nd••R124thQF8thScotland××ו•R115thR114th•••R19thR111thR115thR119thR1T-18th•R127th•••••Serbia[wc 3]4th[wc 7]••R15thQF7thQF5th4th••R27th•R116th•QF5th×R1610th•R132ndR123rd•R123rdSlovakiaPart of Czechoslovakia•••R1616th••SloveniaPart of YugoslaviaוR130th•R118th••Spain×QF5th×4th••R112thR110th••R110thR212thQF7thR1610thQF8thR117thQF5thR169th1stR123rdR1610thSweden×QF8th4th3rd•2nd••R19thR25thR113th••R121st3rd•R1613thR1614th••QF7thSwitzerland×QF7thQF7thR16thQF8th•R116thR116th••••••R1615th••R1610thR119thR1611thR1614thTurkey××ו•R19thו•••••••••3rd••••Ukraine[wc 6]Part of Soviet Unionו•QF8th•••Wales××ו•QF6th•••••••••••••••Total41213612121010991014141413151514131314Notes^ There was no Third Place match in 1930; The United States and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals. FIFA recognizes the United States as the third-placed team and Yugoslavia as the fourth-placed team using the overall records of the teams in the 1930 FIFA World Cup.^ Austria qualified in 1938, but withdrew to play as part of Germany after being annexed.^ Jump up to:a b c d FIFA considers that the national team of Russia succeeds the USSR, the national team of Serbia succeeds Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro, the national team of Czech Republic succeeds Czechoslovakia, and the national team of Germany succeeds West Germany and East Germany.^ Israel competed as Eretz Yisrael (Land of Israel) in 1934 and in 1938, with a team consisting exclusively of Jewish and British footballers from the Palestine Mandate.^ Republic of Ireland competed as the Irish Free State in 1934 and then as Ireland in 1938 and 1950.^ Jump up to:a b Russia's best result is quarter-finals in 2018. However, FIFA considers Russia as the successor team of the USSR.^ There was no official World Cup Third Place match in 1930; The USA and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals. Currently, FIFA recognizes USA as the third-placed team and Yugoslavia as the fourth-placed team, using the overall records of the teams in the 1930 FIFA World Cup.Women[edit]Team1991(12)1995(12)1999(16)2003(16)2007(16)2011(16)2015(24)2019(24)DenmarkQF7thQF7thR215th•R212th•••England•QF6th••QF7thQF7th3rdqFrance•••R29th•4thQF5thqGermany4th2ndQF8th1st1stQF6th4thqItalyQF6th•R29th••••qNetherlands••••••R213thqNorway2nd1st4thQF7th4thR210thR210thqRussiaוQF5thQF8th••••Scotland•••••••qSpain••••••R120thqSweden3rdQF5thQF6th2ndR210–113rdR216thqSwitzerland••••••R215th•FIFA Confederations Cup[edit]Legend1st – Champions2nd – Runners-up3rd – Third place4th – Fourth placeGS – Group stage•• – Qualified / Invited, but declined to take part• – Did not qualify× – Did not enter / Withdrew from continental championship / Confederation did not take partQ – Qualified for upcoming tournament– HostsTeam1992(4)1995(6)1997(8)1999(8)2001(8)2003(8)2005(8)2009(8)2013(8)2017(8)Czech Republic××3rd•••••••Denmark×1st••••••••Franceו•••1st1st••••Germanyו••GS•••3rd••1stGreeceו••••GS•••Italyו••••••GS3rd•Portugalו•••••••3rdRussiaו•••••••GSSpainו••••••3rd2nd•Turkeyו•••3rd••••National team rankings[edit]Highest Ranked UEFA memberin the men's FIFA World RankingsLast updates:Men's national teams – 4 April 2019[33]Women's national teams – 3 April 2018[34]Top men's national teamsRankings are calculated by FIFA.—Top women's national teamsRankings are calculated by FIFA.UEFAFIFANationPointsUEFAFIFANationPoints11Belgium173712Germany207222France173423England204934England164734France204345Croatia162148Netherlands196757Portugal160759Sweden196268Switzerland1604612Norway191579Spain1601713Spain1913810Denmark1586815Italy1868913Germany1570917Denmark18401014Sweden15671018Switzerland18281116Netherlands15541120Scotland18121217Italy15501120Belgium18121319Wales15391322Iceland18061420Poland15351423Austria17981525Romania14961524Ukraine17141627Ukraine14931625Russia17131729Serbia14841728Poland16761729Republic of Ireland14841829Czech Republic16691932Slovakia14821930Portugal16682033Northern Ireland14812031Republic of Ireland16662134Austria14792132Finland16652235Bosnia and Herzegovina14782233Wales16632339Turkey14572341Romania15512440Iceland14502443Serbia15392543Greece14332545Hungary15272644Scotland14302646Slovakia14992746Russia14252752Slovenia14512848Czech Republic14242855Belarus14362950Norway14202956Croatia14333051Bulgaria14193059Northern Ireland14203051Hungary14193161Turkey14103051Montenegro14193263Israel13923360Finland13753367Greece13763462Albania13683468Bosnia and Herzegovina13743563Slovenia13663572Kazakhstan13493668North Macedonia13503677Albania13253781Belarus13013778Bulgaria13163884Israel12853883Faroe Islands12723986Luxembourg12773993Latvia12244089Cyprus12764095Moldova12224194Georgia12564197Montenegro12144296Estonia12404299Estonia121143102Faroe Islands121343101Malta119344106Armenia120644107Lithuania116845108Azerbaijan120245112Georgia113846116Kazakhstan117146113Luxembourg113647127Kosovo112447115Cyprus112348132Lithuania110248123Kosovo105949133Latvia110149124North Macedonia105650134Andorra109950153Andorra74751171Moldova974N/AN/AArmenia*N/A52180Malta943Azerbaijan*N/A53182Liechtenstein93254195Gibraltar90055211San Marino848* – Inactive for more than 18 months and therefore not ranked.UEFA Executive Committee[edit]PresidentAleksander ČeferinVice-presidentsKarl-Erik Nilsson – First Vice-President[35]Fernando GomesReinhard GrindelSándor CsányiMichele UvaDavid GillMembersArmand Duka[35]Florence Hardouin[36]Jesper Møller[35]Andriy Pavelko[35]Michael van PraagJohn DelaneyDavor Šuker[35]Servet YardımcıZbigniew BoniekLuis RubialesAndrea AgnelliIvan GazidisLars-Christer OlssonNasser Al-KhelaifiGeneral secretaryTheodore TheodoridisDeputy general secretaryGiorgio MarchettiTreasurerDavid Gill[37]Head of club competitionsMichael HeselschwerdtHead of national compettitionsLance KellyHonorary presidentLennart Johansson

No.The Conservatives have massively decreased the deficit, and you require to decrease the deficit before you can then start reducing the debt. All those on the left who go on about how much the debt has increased are simply revealing just how large the deficit was that that was inherited from the left, and would have required faster and deeper cuts, then the Conservatives implemented.Though the question as phrased seems to indicate (“such austerity cuts”) that there was particularly severe austerity in the UK. This wasn’t the case.Austerity measures have been relatively light:Despite a significant fall in investment spending, day-to-day spending was cut by just £1.2 billionbetween 2010-11 and 2015-16: a mere £200m a year.For comparison, £200m is the cost of RRS Sir David Attenborough, popularly known as “Boaty McBoatface”. It seems that cutting day-to-day spending by one Boaty McBoatface per annum is too much for some. (See Have we had too much austerity? )And also because of the size of the deficit that feeds the debt when inherited was so high, this is being reduced.Also because the govt has prioritised employment and growth over simply reaching a budget surplus (in order to start reducing debt). Has that worked? YesThe British economy grew at the strongest rate in six years in 2013.Britain's GDP grew faster than any other of what the International Monetary Fund (IMF) calls "major advanced economies"—the other G7 economies—last year. (2014)In 2015, we were second behind the USA. Germany and the UK are both leading the table in 2016.So for anyone to say that the UK has grown more slowly than comparable western nations is a clear lie.Though has this just benefited the rich or corporations as those who accept the economic growth wasn't slow?No.See how unemployment has fallen compared to our more left wing Eurozone neighbours.So the UK has seen faster growth, falling unemployment, but there is more to life than economic growth and being employed or not.So is a Conservative govt failing that respect? No.Look at: OECD Better Life IndexThe United Kingdom performs well in most measures of well-being relative to most other countries in the Better Life Index. The United Kingdom ranks above the average in personal security, environmental quality, civic engagement, social connections, health status, jobs and earnings, and housing.In terms of employment, over 73% of people aged 15 to 64 in the United Kingdom have a paid job, above the OECD employment average of 66%.Good education and skills are important requisites for finding a job. In the United Kingdom, 79% of adults aged 25-64 have completed upper secondary education, higher than the OECD average of 76%.The average student scored 502 in reading literacy, maths and science in the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), higher than the OECD average of 497.In terms of health, life expectancy at birth in the United Kingdom is 81 years, one year higher than the OECD average.Concerning the public sphere, there is a strong sense of community and a moderate level of civic participation in the United Kingdom, where 93% of people believe that they know someone they could rely on in time of need, higher than the OECD average of 88%.Ah but is this at the expense of taxing the workers/poor more than the rich (at least relatively?)? Again No.As taxes haven’t changed much since Conservatives took power initially in the form of the coalition lets have a look.What the relatively light Austerity measures compared to the EU.The hypocrisy of anti-austerity RemainersBut there is no getting away from it: the EU is the cheerleader for austerity.Just look at what has happened in Italy since the Euro crisis erupted in 2009. An economy which has long suffered from chronically low productivity, and has a relatively large national debt, was forced by the European Union and the European Central Bank to adhere to a severe deficit-reduction programme – that is, to limit a public spending deficit to no more than a few per cent of GDP – in return for support from the ECB and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It didn’t matter what Italian citizens wanted – which presumably was not continued impoverishment and zero control over their nation’s own monetary policy – because the EU was prepared to send in its own man to implement austerity, which it did in 2011, when EU technocrat, and darling of the markets, Mario Monti, was appointed, not elected, as Italy’s prime minister.The result of the EU’s political and economic colonisation of Italy? A never-ending economic and social crisis. Public debt has risen to 130 per cent of GDP, youth unemployment stands at 37 per cent. As the New York Times reports: ‘Italy’s gross domestic product per capita has fallen. This decline is unique among large advanced economies. (It is even worse than Japan’s infamous lost decades.)’ Last month, things got even worse, as Italy’s economy went into recession, yet again.While Italy’s economy was structurally weak even before its membership of the European Union, there is little doubt that the EU’s imposition of strict fiscal austerity, complete with the overturning of Italian democracy, has made its situation much, much worse. And incredibly, so committed is the EU to the ideology of austerity that it actually sees Italy as a success story of ‘fiscal discipline’. In 2014, the ECB’s man in Rome, Mario Monti, praised the EU’s ‘precious’ vision, and called on all high-debt countries ‘concretely’ to demonstrate ‘the imperatives of discipline’.And then, of course, there’s that other target of EU austerity, Greece, a nation that has been subjected to the harsh fiscal discipline of the EU, backed by the IMF, for nearly 10 years — all in return for bailout cash. This era of austerity officially came to an end last year; it has left Greece with an economy that has shrunk by a quarter since 2010, youth unemployment that runs at 38.5 per cent, and debt that, at 180 per cent of GDP, is higher than ever. Even now, payments are still due for decades to come. What’s more, Greece is still living under the thumb of the Troika, with the ECB and the European Commission already warning Greece that it needs to implement its post-bailout ‘commitments’ (such as the state auctioning off privately owned homes), or face further sanctions.That is the reality of the EU. Strict fiscal discipline, or austerity, imposed on certain indebted nations, at the cost of people’s democratic rights and their material standard of living.The argument the left generally use is that if the UK hadn’t imposed austerity (1.3% cut) that the UK economy would have grown faster, and claim that is has grown more slowly than comparable Western Nations. Comparable Western Nations for the UK are the G7.Did the UK lag behind the growth of its comparator nations?2013 - UK economy growing at fastest rate in the developed world2014 - UK fastest growing economy in G7 last yearBritain's GDP grew faster than any other of what the International Monetary Fund (IMF) calls "major advanced economies"—the other G7 economies—last year. That's according to the IMF's figures.These may actually understate the UK's lead, because the UK's GDP for 2014 was revised up to 2.8% yesterday from 2.6%. The IMF comparison is based on the 2.6% figure. Figures for other countries, such as Canada, have been revised and so differ from the IMF figures too. But these differences don't change the UK's ranking: even by the lower estimate of 2.6% the UK would come out on top.2015 - Had a slight dip - UK economic growth confirmed at 0.5%The growth estimate for 2015 was also unchanged at 2.2%, which was the slowest annual pace since 2012.However, the UK economy remains one of the fastest growing of the developed nations.2016 - Britain will be fastest growing G7 economy this year, says IMF (From the Guardian not exactly a pro Conservative paper)The International Monetary Fund has predicted the UK will be the fastest growing of the G7 leading industrial countries this year and accepted that its prediction of a post-Brexit-vote financial crash has proved to be overly pessimistic.2017 - UK enjoys fastest growth in almost a yearBritain reeled off its fastest economic growth for nearly a year in the three months to July thanks to strong consumer spending lifted by the World Cup and unusually warm weather, official figures showed on Monday.2018 - BREXIT BOOST: UK economy growing at FASTEST rate for two yearsOFFICIAL figures showing the economy growing at its fastest rate for nearly two years were hailed yesterday as proof of the country's underlying strength as it prepares for Brexit as the Government announces 11 overseas investment deals worth a total of £109million.Looking to the future? UK set to be fastest growing G7 economy for next 30 years despite BrexitUK set to be fastest growing G7 economy for next 30 years despite BrexitWith estimated annual growth of approximately 1.9%, the UK is forecast to be the fastest growing economy in the G7 over the period to 2050, according to a PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) paper released today.Difficult to see how more growth could have been got out of the UK, given how it has compared to its comparable Western Nations, and hence how debt could have been cut any faster without slightly reducing govt spending.Being generous we could assume the same growth rate (ignoring crowding out effect of govt spending) if the Left hadn’t imposed Austerity, then they would have had higher expenditure with the same revenue, and hence the deficit would have reduced more slowly, and debt increased even faster.