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For manufacturers of ETO products such as stainless-steel doors, frames and windows, picking the right CAD software solves most of the design challenges. These challenges include conveying design intent among departments, concept to prototype cycles & order approvals.SolidWorks is one such software that can solve all such challenges by offering the following features as solutions especially for stainless-steel doors, frames and windows manufacturers:1. Parametric models of stainless-steel doors, frames and windowsVisual 3D CAD solid models are capable of increasing order approval rate when compared to 2D CAD drawings, as every customer might not be aware about the technicalities of the drawings 3D models work excellently in such cases. Yet, to generate quick 3D models for every custom order of a stainless-steel doors or frames or windows for the customer is a challenge. SolidWorks can develop and save a default solid model of these products which can be altered in later stages. With its parametric solid modeling feature, generating custom 3D models just by feeding inputs of standard dimensions such as door height, window size, number of panels, etc. is possible in a matter of seconds.2. Quicker concept to prototype design cycle of product or parts.SolidWorks is the best choice for manufacturers that are looking to try complex concepts of the products or parts from conception stage to final manufacturing. For example, consider a three-point door lock or a sliding latch door mechanism are concepts which seem hard to develop in AutoCAD using 2D drawings, conveying clear design intent through all departments of manufacturing presents as a challenge.With SolidWorks, such complex concepts can be designed with breeze by using solid modeling, cross sectional views, structural workflow & defined part libraries. By careful analysis designers can even predict what challenges might be faced when the product goes to actual manufacturing. Collectively, promoting design communication and maintaining harmony among all manufacturing departments.3. Stain-less steel material detailing for products using SolidWorks VisualizeNear realistic 3D rendered images can be used for a lot of productive jobs such as marketing, sales, important presentations, etc. To give the manufacturer that edge to make a statement with their products of stainless-steel doors, frames and windows SolidWorks has inbuilt stainless-steel finishes as a tool. For maximizing the visual appeal of the design of stainless-steel doors, frames and windows, the manufacturer can use finishes such as aged metal finish, brushed stainless steel, clear coat stainless steel, etc.Using SolidWorks visualize designers can also offer peculiar touches in lighting, shadows, exposure, highlights, etc. to generate the perfect realistic image that a professional photographer with a team can achieve.In conclusion, all these features offered by SolidWorks for CAD designing specially focused towards the stainless-steel doors, frames and windows manufacturer can boost productivity in stages of order approval, manufacturing, design communication& operations. In hindsight, to utilize these features to the best of knowledge and capabilities only a team of skilled and experienced designers can help manufacturers to generate the best results.Additionally, since doors and windows are highly customizable. Such product design customization can efficiently be dealt with by design automation software like DriveWorks. DriveWorks in conjugation with SolidWorks is an excellent platform to develop an interactive 3D visualization interface called 3D product configurator to let the customer built their bespoke design with ease.

BrushingMost of us learned to brush our teeth when we were children and have kept the same technique throughout our lives. Unfortunately, many of us learned the wrong way. Even if we learned the correct method, it's easy to become sloppy over the years. Brushing correctly isn't instinctive. Getting the bristles to remove plaque without damaging your gums is a little trickier than you might think.There are different ways to brush teeth, and your dentist or dental hygienist can show you the method that he or she feels would be best for you. The modified Bass technique is among the most popular for adults and is very effective in removing plaque above and just below the gum line. Children, however, may find it difficult to move the toothbrush this way. A dentist or dental hygienist can explain to your child the best way to brush. Parents should supervise their children's oral hygiene until age 9 or 10.Here are a few general pointers about brushing:Brush at least twice a day — Many oral health professionals recommend brushing just before going to bed. When you sleep, saliva decreases, leaving the teeth more vulnerable to bacterial acids. Teeth should also be brushed in the morning, either before or after breakfast, depending on your schedule. After breakfast is ideal so food particles are removed. But if you eat in your car, at work or skip breakfast entirely, make sure you brush in the morning to get rid of the plaque that built up overnight.Brush no more than three times a day — Brushing after lunch will give you a good mid-day cleaning. Remember, though, that brushing too often can cause gums to recede over time.Brush lightly —Brushing too hard can cause gums to recede. Plaque attaches to teeth like jam sticks to a wooden spoon. It can't be totally removed by rinsing, but just a light brushing will do the trick. Once plaque has hardened into calculus (tartar), brushing can't remove it, so brushing harder won't help. Try holding your toothbrush the same way you hold a pen. This encourages a lighter stroke.Brush for at least two minutes — Set a timer if you have to, but don't skimp on brushing time. Longer is fine, but two minutes is the minimum time needed to adequately clean all your teeth. Many people brush for the length of a song on the radio. That acts as a good reminder to brush each tooth thoroughly.Have a standard routine for brushing — Try to brush your teeth in the same order every day. Some oral health professionals feel that this helps patients remember to brush all areas of their mouths. If you do this routinely, it eventually will become second nature. For example, brush the outer sides of your teeth from left to right across the top then move to the inside and brush rights to left. Repeat the pattern for your lower teeth.Always use a toothbrush with "soft" or "extra soft" bristles — The harder the brush, the greater the risk of harming gum tissue.Change your toothbrush regularly — As soon as the bristles begin to splay, the toothbrush loses its ability to clean properly. Throw away your old toothbrush after three months or when the bristles flare, whichever comes first. If you find your bristles flaring much sooner than three months, you may be brushing too hard. Try easing up.Choose a brush that has a seal of approval by the American Dental Association — Oral health-care professionals say, "It's not the brush, it's the brusher," meaning that the exact type of brush you use isn't nearly as important as your brushing technique and diligence. Any approved brush will be a good tool, but you have to know how to use it.Electric is fine, but not always necessary — Electric or power-assisted toothbrushes are a fine alternative to manual brushes. They are especially useful for people who are less than diligent about proper brushing technique or for people with physical limitations that make brushing difficult. As with manual brushes, choose soft bristles, brush for at least two minutes and don't press too hard or you'll damage your gums.Choose the right toothpaste for you — It can be overwhelming to face the huge number of toothpaste choices in the average supermarket. Remember, the best toothpaste for you may not be the best toothpaste for someone else.Toothpastes don't merely clean teeth anymore. Different types have special ingredients for preventing decay, plaque control, tartar control, whitening, gum care or desensitizing teeth.Most toothpastes on the market today contain fluoride, which has been proven to prevent, stop or even reverse the decay process. Tartar-control toothpastes are useful for people who tend to build up tartar quickly, while someone who gets tooth stains may want a whitening toothpaste. Whitening toothpastes will remove only surface stains, such as those caused by smoking, tea or coffee. To whiten teeth that are stained at a deeper level, talk with your dentist.Your needs will likely change as you get older, so don't be surprised if your hygienist recommends a type of toothpaste you haven't used before. Look for the ADA seal of approval, which assures that the toothpaste has met the standards set by the American Dental Association. Once these conditions are met, choose the toothpaste that tastes and feels best. Gel or paste, wintergreen or spearmint — these work alike, so let personal preference guide your decision.Some people find that some toothpaste ingredients irritate their teeth, cheeks or lips. If your teeth have become more sensitive or your mouth is irritated after brushing, try changing toothpastes. If the problem continues, see your dentist.How To BrushModified Bass brushing technique:Hold the head of the toothbrush horizontally against your teeth with the bristles part-way on the gumsTilt the brush head to about a 45-degree angle, so the bristles are pointing under the gum line.Move the toothbrush in very short horizontal strokes so the tips of the bristles stay in one place, but the head of the brush waggles back and forth. Or use tiny circular motions. This allows the bristles to slide gently under the gum. Do this for about 20 strokes. This assures that adequate time will be spent cleaning away as much plaque as possible. Note: this is a very gentle motion. In healthy gums, this should cause no pain. Brushing too vigorously or with large strokes can damage gum tissue.Roll or flick the brush so that the bristles move out from under the gum toward the biting edge of the tooth. This helps move the plaque out from under the gum line.Repeat for every tooth, so that all tooth surfaces and gum lines are cleaned.For the insides of your front teeth, where the horizontal brush position is cumbersome, hold the brush vertically instead. Again, use gentle back and forth brushing action and finish with a roll or flick of the brush toward the biting edge.To clean the biting or chewing surfaces of the teeth, hold the brush so the bristles are straight down on the flat surface of the molars.Gently move the brush back and forth or in tiny circles to clean the entire surface. Move to a new tooth or area until all teeth are cleaned.Rinse with water to clear the mouth of food residue and removed plaque.You can clear even more bacteria out of your mouth by brushing your tongue. With your toothbrush, brush firmly but gently from back to front. Do not go so far back in your mouth that you gag. Rinse again.FlossingMany people never learned to floss as children. But flossing is critical to healthy gums and it's never too late to start. A common rule of thumb says that any difficult new habit becomes second nature after only three weeks. If you have difficulty figuring out what to do, ask your dentist or dental hygienist to give you a personal lesson.Here are a few general pointers about flossing:Floss once a day — Although there is no research to recommend an optimum number of times to floss, most dentists recommend a thorough flossing at least once a day. If you tend to get food trapped between teeth, flossing more often can help remove it.Take your time — Flossing requires a certain amount of dexterity and thought. Don't rush.Choose your own time — Although most people find that just before bed is an ideal time, many oral health professionals recommend flossing any time that is most convenient to ensure that you will continue to floss regularly. Choose a time during the day when you can floss without haste.Don't skimp on the floss —se as much as you need to clean both sides of every tooth with a fresh section of floss. In fact, you may need to floss one tooth several times (using fresh sections of floss) to remove all the food debris. Although there has been no research, some professionals think reusing sections of floss may redistribute bacteria pulled off one tooth onto another tooth.Choose the type that works best for you — tThere are many different types of floss: waxed and unwaxed, flavored and unflavored, ribbon and thread. Try different varieties before settling on one. People with teeth that are closely spaced will find that waxed floss slides more easily into the tight space. There are tougher shred-resistant varieties that work well for people with rough edges that tend to catch and rip floss.How To FlossHow you hold the floss is a matter of personal preference. The most common method is to wind the floss around the middle fingers then pull it taut and guide it with your index fingers. You also can wind it around your index fingers and guide it with your thumb and middle fingers or simply hold the ends of the floss or use a floss-guiding tool. (If you have a fixed bridge, a bridge threader can help guide floss under the bridge for better cleaning.) How you hold the thread is not as important as what you do with it. If you can't settle in on a good method, ask your dentist or hygienist for suggestions.Hold the floss so that a short segment is ready to work with.Guide the floss gently between two teeth. If the fit is tight, use a back-and-forth motion to work the floss through the narrow spot. Do not snap the floss in or you could cut your gums.Hold the floss around the front and back of one tooth, making it into a "C" shape. This will wrap the floss around the side edge of that tooth.Gently move the floss toward the base of the tooth and up into the space between the tooth and gum.Move the floss up and down with light to firm pressure to skim off plaque in that area. Do not press so hard that you injure the gum.Repeat for all sides of the tooth, including the outermost side of the last tooth. Advance the floss to a clean segment for each tooth edge.Other Ways To Clean Between The TeethMany people have larger spaces between their teeth and need additional tools, called interdental cleaners, to remove food particles and bacterial plaque adequately. You may have larger spaces that need extra care if you have had gum surgery or if you have teeth that are missing or out of alignment.Small interdental brushes are tiny bristle or filament brushes that can fit between teeth and come in a variety of sizes and handle designs. These brushes clean better than floss when the gum tissue does not completely fill the space between your teeth. These little brushes also can help people with orthodontic bands on their teeth to remove bacterial plaque from around the wires and brackets.Another tool for cleaning between teeth is wooden interdental cleaners. These long, triangular strips of wood can be softened and used to clean between teeth.You can find these interdental cleaners at most drugstores and grocery stores. Your dentist or dental hygienist can show you how to use these cleaners to remove plaque between your teeth.Other Cleaning ToolsTo supplement your at-home brushing and flossing, your dentist or hygienist may suggest one or more of the following:Oral irrigators — These electrical devices pump water out in a slim steady or pulsating stream. Although they do not seem to remove plaque that is attached to the tooth well, they are very effective at flushing out food and bacteria byproducts in periodontal pockets or that get caught in orthodontic appliances. They are particularly useful for delivering medication to hard-to-reach areas. For example, prescription antibacterial rinses can be sprayed into gum pockets with an oral irrigator. Irrigators should be used in addition to brushing and flossing, not as an alternative.Interdental tip — These soft, flexible rubber nibs are used to clean between the teeth and just below the gum line. Plaque and food debris can be removed by gently running the tip along the gum line.Mouthwashes and rinses — As with toothpaste, your choice of mouthwashes or rinses will be guided by your personal mouth care needs. Over-the-counter rinses are available to freshen the breath, add fluoride or kill plaque bacteria that cause gingivitis. Some mouthwashes are designed to help loosen plaque before you brush. Ask your dentist or hygienist to recommend the type of rinse that would be best for you. If you need to avoid alcohol, read ingredient labels carefully. Many over-the-counter mouthwashes contain significant amounts of alcohol. In some cases, the dentist might prescribe a stronger fluoride or antibacterial rinse.

Not even a tiny, little, itty,-bitty part. That is absolutely wrong. I am being clear? He did not think that. It was not his inspiration.The word “fittest” or “fit” in biology does not mean, and never has meant, and never will mean, “strongest”. It is short for “reproductive fitness”. This means one variation in a a population having more offspring than another variation. It does not have to do with be “stronger” in most cases. For many animals it means being able hide better and thus protect their offspring. It could mean being able to get more food and thus keep more babies alive. It could mean being able to cooperate in a group better to support more offspring. The simple fact is if a certain trait means that those offspring that have it are more likely to grow up in greater numbers then that trait will become more common over time. That is the whole insight and inspiration. In large part, he was inspired by looking at all the collections he brought back from his 4 year trip. It took several years to go through it all. One of the first inspirations was when an ornithologist looked at the birds and found that he had been wrong about what they were. He had labeled them as many different sorts. The ornithologist said they were all finchesDarwin did not mean “only the strongest survive” and almost none of the 150 years of other evolutionary biologists have mean that. Herbert Spencer, not a biologist, but a deluded, wrong and a bit evil sociologist and political thinker, coined the phrase “survival of the fittest” in 1864. This was 5 years after Origin of the Species was publish and decades after Darwin’s ideas were developed. Wallace liked the phrase from Spenser, and suggested to Darwin that it might fit, but it was not his main or first way of writing about things.The ideas that Spenser promoted were not new to him. There were part of “classic liberalism” in England. These ideas are the sort that Reagan and other right wing people in the US have promoted since the mid 1970s. The ideas are sometimes called. “social Darwinism”. However, Darwin had nothing to do with them and did not approve of these ideas. Spenser led support to pretty disgusting 19th century capitalists who as "an ethical precept that sanctioned cut-throat economic competition"and used it to justify laissez-faire economics, war, colonial oppression, and racism.We have huge amount of letters and writing and notebooks from Darwin and others so that we do know the exact progression of ideas that inspired Darwin. Here is a brief outline:Before his trip on the Beagle, Darwin liked the ideas of Paley. These were the "argument from design" thesis. He was inspired in travel and science by reading Alexander von Humboldt's 7-vol. "Personal Narrative" of his South America adventures. Darwin had been an amateur naturalist for most of his life. His grandfather wrote a famous book on a type of mystic evolution.Would it be too bold to imagine, that in the great length of time, since the earth began to exist, perhaps millions of ages before the commencement of the history of mankind, would it be too bold to imagine, that all warm-blooded animals have arisen from one living filament, which THE GREAT FIRST CAUSE endued with animality, with the power of acquiring new parts, attended with new propensities, directed by irritations, sensations, volitions, and associations; and thus possessing the faculty of continuing to improve by its own inherent activity, and of delivering down those improvements by generation to its posterity, world without end!Darwin became friends with Lyell, the famous geologist who was 12 years older than him. Darwin's reading of Lyell's Principles of Geology prompted him to think of evolution as a slow process in which small changes gradually accumulate over immense spans of time. Darwin, who took a copy of Lyell's Principles around the world with him.On 1836 October 2 HMS Beagle finally arrived home after a voyage of four years, nine months. After returning form his trip he started organizing his collect and notes. After returning from his trip round the world, Darwin became good friends with Lyell, who advised him on fossils and subjects geological. Lyell also talked extensively with Darwin about his nascent ideas on evolutionary theory and gave him advice on manuscripts. In the 1837 middle of March 1837Darwin took up residence nearby in 36 Great Marlborough Street. During this month Darwin began to have doubts about the idea of new species coming about by a series of miraculous creations, and he was starting to question Paley's "argument from design" thesis. Based on his observations during the Beagle voyage, Darwin saw that some new theory of speciation was needed. This was to become his quest, to discover the process by which new species come to exist.In late March, John Gould, an ornithologist at the London Zoo Museum, who had been examining the birds Darwin brought back from the Galapagos Islands discovered that the birds were not finches, blackbirds, wrens, and gross beaks as Darwin thought, but were in fact all distinct species of finches. Upon further examination Gould saw that the major distinction between the finches was the shape of their beaks. Darwin now had an exciting mystery on his hands. How did an original population of finches from the mainland migrate to the Galapagos and then change into several species? This was his main inspiration.In May, Darwin was influenced by the recent discovery of "fossilized monkeys" in Africa. He conjectured that such fossils were evidence that mankind was descended from some kind of ape ancestor.In June, he talked with Richard Owen (who is famous for work on dinosaur anatomy). Owen was looking at the mammal fossil specimens that Darwin brought back. He later wrote a book on them. Owen felt each species had its own "organizing energy" which dictated how far a species can change (not very much, according to Owen). Furthermore, there was a relationship between the complexity of a species and the power of this organizing force. Darwin told Owen he agreed with his basic theory, but he did not see why their should be limits to change. Owen read him the riot act and was very critical.Some time in July, Darwin began his secret "B" Notebook in which he put down his thoughts on the subject of transmutation. In this notebook Darwin examined four general questions --- what was the evidence for species transmutation?- how did species adapt to a changing environment?- how were new species formed?- how one could account for the similarities between different species?One of the highlights of the B Notebook was his analogy of a branching tree to represent common descent of all species.Towards the beginning of 1838 he concluded that he was starting to disagree with his peers about the preeminence of mankind. For Darwin, all species were equally impressive right down to the simple earthworms. For him, natural laws determined how an organism developed and such laws play no favorites. The only problem was that he had no idea what these laws of nature were.In the middle of March in 1838, he started his "C" notebook which focused mainly on transmutation, the distribution of species, the relation between habit and structure, and behavioral adaptations. The manner in which Darwin gathered information for this notebook was rather clever. He fired off a list of questions to pigeon breeders, dog breeders, experts on animal husbandry, and a host of other animal experts. These men were a very large influence on him. He was very unusual for his class in that he valued and took seriously the insights of lower class working men. Most at the time refused to do this sort of research.At the end of the spring he began to see that the adaptation of species was relative to the environment a species lived in. As the environment changed, so too did species change in order to survive. The commonly held belief that all species were perfectly adapted to their surroundings was therefore false. He was also convinced that there were no separate races of man, but only environmentally adapted modifications of them. Soon, Darwin was expanding the influence of descent, making it responsible for emotions, habits, instincts, ethics, and morals.In July he started his "D" and "M" Notebooks. The D Notebook focused on species reproduction and the origin of adaptation, while the M Notebook continued with the origin of adaptation, and then went on to the origin of man, and the expression of emotions.In October, Darwin read a book by the famous economist,the Reverend Thomas Malthus, titled "Essay on the Principle of Population." In this book Malthus put forward the economic theory that as human populations grow and resources become scarce and some will struggle. Darwin theorized that the same kind of relationship may exist in the wild. Darwin began his "E" and "N" Notebooks. The "E" book continued his transmutation ideas, his thoughts on the population theory, how variation and adaptation are related, the rate of species change, the separation of the sexes, and the differences between selection by animal breeders and selection in nature. The "N" Notebook continued the topics covered in "M" but with fewer theoretical considerations and more definition of terms.In November he proposed to Emma. From his and her relatives they received money that produced an income of about £2,000 a year. This was more that a doctor or lawyer got at the time. They would have made about 1,500 a year. This meant he could do writing and research his whole life. The money came from the pottery business on his wife’s family (who was his cousin) and from his father who was a doctor.In late November he continued working with the variation of species and now saw that the methods of nature and breeders were not all that different, but while nature worked on millions of characteristics, breeders worked on only a few. Both, however, weeded out undesirable traits.In 1839 he published his book on his trip on the Beagle. It did very well.In June, Darwin finished working on his transmutation notebooks (N was the last one). He continued with his book - "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs." He was concerned that his ideas would be used for atheistic revolutionary ends so, he decided not to publish anything from the notebooks and shelved them.In 1840 he was ill for about 9 months.In November Darwin gave a lot thought to how a bat's wings developed over time and wondered what good half a wing would do. Perhaps wings previously had a different function? Darwin also pondered over fossil evidence for the transmutation of species. At the time there were very few of them in the museums, but he figured in the future enough would be found to provide evidence for one species changing into another.In 1841 and half of ‘42 he worked on other projects and moved their home.In late June Darwin wrote up a thirty-five page sketch of his ideas about transmutation. This was the very first rough draft of his theory. In it he had natural selection figured out, and had a basic description of descent, both of which he said obeyed strict laws of nature. At this time Darwin thought these "laws of nature" were set forth by god during creation, after which time god stepped back and no longer intervened with the universe.Darwin made an outline of reasons not to published his transmutation ideas :[1] Fellow naturalists would never accept his ideas.[2] animal breeders would find a huge treatise too boring to read.[3] the trouble making atheists would use it for their evil agendas.[4] the church would scorn him.[5] he did not want to be labeled an atheist.[6] he would betray his friends and family to whom he owed so much.On January 11, 1844, becuase he was impressed with Joseph Hooker's work on Darwin’s Tierra del Fuego plants, Darwin took a giant risk and confided in him about his transmutation theories. Hooker's reaction was one of guarded enthusiasm, but he was eager to hear more about it. Darwin was pleasantly surprised.In February he took Hooker on as a research assistant. Hooker searched through libraries and museums for books and data and specimens on botany for Darwin.In spring 1844 he wrote out a 189 page manuscript of the sketch of his ideas. Now his transmutation theory had developed into a sort of self correcting feed-back loop, in which animals and plants remain unmodified until the environment changes. When changes took place the members of a species with traits that gave them a slight advantage in the new environment gained more reproductive success. Over eons of time this process resulted in one species transmutating into another.By September his manuscript was now 231 pages. For the very first time he showed the sketch to Emma, expecting the worst. Surprisingly, her response to it was not as bad as he thought it would be. She expressed concern about various assumptions he was making, suggested a few corrections here and there, but for the most part her reaction appeared to have been quite reserved.In 1845, Darwin started working on a revised edition of his Journal of Researches. This edition included a new section in which he commented on the disgusting and reprehensible nature of slavery.He worked of other writing, for the most part, in 1846.In late January in 1847, Hooker read Darwin's now 231 page essay on transmutation. He had difficulty accepting the idea that new species were derived from previous ones. He opted for a continual divine creation of new species as others died out. Nevertheless, he pointed out sections of the essay that needed clarification, and those parts that were not easy to understand.In ’48 and ‘49 he was sick, his father died, and he and Emma had another son and he worked on other research.. His daughter Annie got sick in June 1850. She died April 1851.In 1852 he worked more on barnacle research.In spring 1853 he met HuxleyIn the spring of 1854 he was encouraged by all the new talk of evolution and progress. Darwin joined the Philosophical Club in London with the intention of seeking out naturalists that may be sympathetic to his transmutation theories. The club was being filled with a younger generation of naturalists, many of whom had been writing papers on the topic of evolution, but they were all conjectural. A comprehensive explanation of how evolution worked was still entirely unknown.In December of 1854 Darwin figured out how populations split off into separate species. Using the industrial revolution as a metaphor, he saw that populations of animals, like industry, expand and specialize to fit into niches with competition acting as the driving force. He saw nature as the ultimate "factory." However, Darwin preferred not to make much of this metaphor because it seemed to depend more on economic principles rather than pure science.In March, 1855, Darwin thought about was how species spread to other land masses - particularly islands like the Galapagos. One of the popular explanations at the time was the "sunken land bridge" hypothesis. Darwin doubted land bridges in the middle of the ocean, and set out to show that plants and animals could "float" their way to distant lands. He experimented with plant seeds, soaking them in sea water for up to months at a time, and then planted them. To the surprise of his fellow naturalists, nearly all of them germinated. He corresponded with inhabitants of islands, asking them to examine the shoreline for any seeds or plants not native to the island. He found that in some cases seed pods had floated thousands of miles across the ocean to distant islands. Darwin also recruited the help of British survey vessels and asked them if they ever noticed floating "land rafts" with animals on them, and this too was confirmed.In the spring of 1855 Darwin became caught up in the extremely popular avocation of breeding fancy pigeons. He studied their habits, experimented with cross breeding and back breeding, and kept meticulous notes on his observation.In the late spring of 1856, Lyell received a package from a young naturalist named Alfred Wallace. He was doing natural history research at the Malay Archipelago. It was a twenty page paper titled: "On the Law which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species." Lyell was interested because it contained ideas of transmutation that were similar to the ones Darwin had been working on for the past twenty years. He showed the paper to Darwin, but he was not too impressed with it.On April 13th 1856, Lyell was invited to Down House, and Darwin gave him an update on his transmutation work, telling him about his theory of natural selection. Although he did not agree with transmutation in general, (he feared the consequences if it was applied to humans); Lyell urged Darwin to publish his work.On May 14th Darwin started a short essay on his theory of natural selection.In July of 1857 Darwin was still working on his essay. He finished with the chapter on species variation. The "short essay" becoming a proper book.By March 1858 the chapter on natural selection was 65% complete. It was now 10 chapters.On June 18th Darwin received a paper from Wallace. He was still at the Malay Archipelago. The paper was titled: "On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type." Darwin was shocked. Wallace had come up with a theory of natural selection that was very similar to his own. But, Darwin thought that Wallace had some ideas about natural selection that he did not agree with. For one thing, Wallace tried to mix social morality with natural selection, proposing an upward evolution of human morals which would eventually lead to a socialist utopia (Darwin's natural selection had no goal). Also, Wallace's natural selection was guided by a higher spiritual power (there was no divine intervention in Darwin's version).In July 1858 Darwin presented his ideas to the Linnean Society along with those of Wallace.On November 22 1859, "Origin of Species" went on sale to the public today at a price of 15 shillings. 1,250 copies were printed, most of which sold the first day. It was an immediate success and Darwin started the same day editing the work for a second edition.We also know a great deal about Darwin’s beliefs, feelings and politics. Darwin came from a very strong anti-slavery abolitionist family. Today he would be a left of center person. He was on the Whig side of things, as was everyone in his family, including the Wedgwoods, and most of his friends. It is well known that Darwin, as well as his friends and family, were very much in favor of the Great Reform Act of 1832, which extended voting rights to millions of formally disenfranchised citizens. He was also a staunch supporter of the abolishment of slavery. He said he would not be a Tory “ on account of their cold hearts about that scandal to Christian Nations, Slavery.”"It does one's heart good to hear how things are going on in England. Hurrah for the honest Whigs. I trust they will soon attack that monstrous stain on our boasted liberty, Colonial Slavery. I have seen enough of Slavery & the disposition of the negros, to be thoroughly disgusted with the lies & nonsense one hears on the subject in England."-- To John Herbert on 2 June, 1833 from Maldonado, Rio Plata.He was fond of Austin, Gaskell, Lord Byron,Walter Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Dickens, and Horace. All are typical of left-wing thinkers. He was well known for playing with his children a great deal in a time that it was very unusual for upper class men to do this. He was very much not an authoritarian father and respected their ideas and liberty in a very advanced way. He was very unusual for his class and time in the way he spent much of his life socializing with his wife and and kids. This is from his daughter’s memories:"Another characteristic of his treatment of his children was his respect for their liberty, and for their personality. Even as quite a little girl, I remember rejoicing in this sense of freedom. Our father and mother would not even wish to know what we were doing or thinking unless we wished to tell. He always made us feel that we were each of us creatures whose opinions and thoughts were valuable to him, so that whatever there was best in us came out in the sunshine of his presence."