Working Papers Series: Fill & Download for Free

The "Top Five" general interest economic journals are a must:American Economic ReviewEconometricaJournal of Political EconomyQuarterly Journal of EconomicsReview of Economic Studiesas well as the NBER Working Paper Series. You can set up Google Scholar Alerts for them.You should also check out the latest work in your field journal (e.g. Journal of Economic Theory if you're a theorist or Journal of Monetary Economics if you work on monetary macro).Journal of Economic Perspectives is a very important journal where respected academics are invited to write survey articles pitched at, roughly, first- or second-year undergraduate level. The writing is usually exceptional.

An occasional paper is usualy something between a working paper and a policy paper. A working paper is a piece of research; some may be complete with no intention for further work (e.g. if the research is not suitable for publication in an academic journal) and some may be waiting for comments and reactions before being submitted to a journal.A policy paper is usualy presenting results not inovative from a research perspective, but important for policy making. Sometimes it might present policy options of an institution in a relatively technical setting.A working paper might be peer reviewed, although the procedure is usually lighther than in a journal. A policy paper is not peer reviewed - but it might be approved by top management, responsible for policy.An occasional paper is something in between. It might be a policy paper that the management has not bothered to officially approve. Or it might be more technical, almost a working paper, but without peer review. Or it might be a copy of an older piece of work with new data (or other country data - e.g. taking a model estimated for one country, re-estimating it in another country and publishing the results).An institution may not have all three series. They usually have a working paper series and either policy or occasional papers.Cite the paper in the same way as a working paper.

There is no recent data on this issue. However, we have evidence for such marriages among women born between 1956–1980 (and married before 25 years of age). Around 35% of these marriages had no consent from the women.Source: Banerji M, Martin S, Desai S (2013) Are the young and educated more likely to have ‘love’ than arranged marriage? A study of autonomy of partner choice in India. Working Paper Series (pp. 1-43). New Delhi: NCAER (academia.edu/download/41315141/IUSSP2008RevisedDecember2014.pdf)There is spatial variation of this number, with the northeastern, western and southern states faring better.SourceThe percentage of marriages that took place without consent is highly correlated to the literacy of the woman. For illiterate women, it is around 47%, whereas for women who attended college it is around 11%.There is also another way of looking at this issue. One could look at the incidence of child marriages in the country. Among those aged 20–24, 26.8% of women were married before age 18 according to the National Family Health Survey (2015–16).SourceWe can therefore say that close to 25% of the marriages are arranged without the consent of the couple in India.