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The oldest pictures I was able to find of DNA that show a clear helical structure date from 1995, and use Atomic Force Microscopy, or AFM (Mou et al., FEBS Letters 371: 279–282. Here’s a link to the original paper: High-resolution atomic-force microscopy of DNA: the pitch of the double helix ) The images looked like this—you can see that the strands in B and C have a diagonal twist:The technology’s gotten better. Here’s an atomic force micrograph of DNA from a 2014 paper by Pyne et al. (Original paper: Single‐Molecule Reconstruction of Oligonucleotide Secondary Structure by Atomic Force Microscopy ). (a) is the actual micrograph; (b) is the same picture but digitally straightened, compared to a computer graphic of DNA:Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) can do even better. Here’s a shot of a DNA molecule (from Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of DNA) which is actually starting to look like those double-helix ball-and-stick models:Now, these images are still in a sense “synthetic”, because there’s a lot of gadgetry in between your eyes and the DNA. Both techniques involve sweeping an extremely small probe over a surface. In the case of AFM, the tip of the probe is attracted to atoms in the sample, or repelled by them, which causes the little arm that the probe is mounted on to bend slightly. That bending is then converted to an electrical current and used to construct the image. (Atomic-force microscopy - Wikipedia) In STM, you’re measuring electrons that hop across the tiny gap between the tip of the probe and the specimen, and using that to make the image. (Scanning tunneling microscope - Wikipedia) In both cases, the electrical current is converted into the image you see using computer software. This happens a lot in science—the harder we have to work to “see” something, the more instrumentation we have to put between the object and our own eyes and brains.Still, these pictures weren’t drawn by an artist—they’re based directly on data taken from actual DNA molecules. I assume that’s what you mean by not being “synthetic” images.

Do Indians really think that Kerala is the most developed state in India?Kerala is “not the most developed state but also not worst” in India but definitely the fast “developing state” in India.Let me get the stats right :Kerala is developed majorly by what they call “Kerala model” [1][1][1][1] and no this is no “jumla model” [2][2][2][2] but real model.Source : About Kerala: Information on Tourism Industry, Agriculture, Economy & GeographyIn terms of Economy :Kerala, accounts for 2.8% of India’s population, but its economy contributes nearly 4% to the Indian economy.It is the 11th largest economy in India which means that it is 10 places behind other states.Kerala's per capita GDP in 2016-17 was Rs.140,107Kerala is dominated by the service industry.Kerala's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) grew at 7.18 per cent in 2017-18 in constant (2011-12) prices, which is higher than the 6.22 per cent growth recorded in 2016-17. At current prices, the growth rates of GSDP in 2017-18 and 2016-17 were 11.42 per cent and 9.67 per cent respectively.Kerala's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) was about US$ 106.52 billion in 2017-18Q. The state's GSDP recorded at a CAGR of 11.16 per cent between 2011.-12 and 2017-18Q. The state's per capita GSDP was US$ 3,089 during 2017-18 compared with US$ 2,318 during 2011-12In 2017-18, the contribution from primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors to the GSVA at constant prices (2011-12) was 10.85 per cent, 27.40 per cent and 61.75 per cent respectively. At current prices, the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors contributed 13.20 per cent, 24.24 per cent and 62.56 per cent respectively to the GSVA during this period.Source : Government of Kerala, IndiaThe economy of Kerala took a greater hit because of the floods that devastated Kerala. But thanks to the people of Kerala [3][3][3][3], it is recovering.What happened before the floods :The state grew at a compounded annual growth rate of 5.72%, as compared to 6.9% for India. In absolute terms, Kerala’s gross domestic product (GDP) stands at ₹ 6.17 trillion.It is slower than many states of India.What happened after the floods :The State has been weathering a grave financial crisis and the tax collection, lurking at an average 14%, was expected to pick up in the coming months.The Crisil Research said Kerala was having the highest consumer price inflation among all states, its debt overshooting the level set by the government and the economic growth at five per cent the second slowest among the 17 medium-to-big states.Source : Within a year, Kerala's economy gets a second joltUnemployment :Kerala has the highest unemployment rate in India with only 20% of all households having availed state-run employment guarantee schemes, according to the latest Employment and Unemployment Survey.Source : How the Kerala economy fared before the floodsMain source of Income :The main source of income for the state exchequer is the goods and services tax (GST). Unofficial estimates show that in its first year of operation in 2017-18, the SGST (state GST) collected was only ₹ 7,000 croreThe services sector accounts for about 63% of Kerala’s gross state value added and of which tourism alone accounts for about 10%.Households :According to the recently released National Family Health Survey 2015-16, 30% of the households in Kerala have at least six of the following assets— house, electricity connection, mobile phone or a landline, air conditioner, refrigerator, TV, washing machine and motorized vehiclePeople living in the worst affected areas may have lost or have to replace or repair some of these assets.Source : The economic implications of the Kerala floodsSectors in Kerala :Nearly 50% of the State's population depends upon agriculture. A unique feature of the State is the predominance of cash crops. Kerala is a major producer of coconut, rubber, pepper, cardamom, ginger, cocoa, cashew, arecanut, coffee and tea. Tree spices like nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves etc., are also cultivated. Rice and tapioca are important food crops. Coconut production was 5,167 million nuts in 2000 and 2001.The agriculture sector in the State recorded an average growth rate of 3.6% against the target of 2.5%. A review of the long term performance of the crop sector, over the last decade, shows that the total output from the sector has recorded, an average annual growth 2.5% . There was, of course, a large scale shift from high volume low value crops like tapioca and rice to low volume, high value crops like pepper and rubber.Source : officialwebsite of kerala.gov.inBut,Though the agricultural sector is maintaining a growth rate around 3% in the past two years it is facing a very difficult period as a result of the steep fall in prices of most of the farm commodities. Being the major cash crop producing state in the country, Kerala is perhaps the worst hit on account of the new agenda for trade liberalization adopted by the Government of India through its import policies as a part of globalization. It is estimated that about 6,645 crores rupees has been lost to the State due to the fall in price of major agricultural crops.Kerala’s other Industries : Alcohol which contributes to second in Kerala as the government applies the highest state tax on liquor (around 120%). The total revenue from taxes on liquor was Rs. 55.39 billion in 2009-10But fun fact is that : India’s biggest drinkers , Kerala is not first in alcohol consumption.Kerala’s next things include : Chemical, Tourism, Ship building,oil refining, petro chemicals which contributes to lesser % overall with Aluva being major place for most industries.Kerala’s IT Industry :The only place where Kerala lags is IT industry. But it will setup a lot of Industries in future with : Nissan, Tech Mahindra, Microsoft, Embassy group and a lot more have shown interest.In terms of software exports, while it has leaders from the IT services industry, Kerala accounts to a meagre $3.22 billion in FY 2016-17, out of the $114.46 billion software exports from India during the period, said officials.Source : Kerala plans to develop a digital industry ecosystem in the stateThe Government of Kerala, has given a fresh impetus to the State’s journey towards a knowledge-driven future. It was indeed a watershed moment and gave the IT community deep insights into the ways of competing effectively in a digital world.Source : It’s Happening Days for Kerala’s IT Sector - TechnopolisMortality rates :Infant mortality in Kerala was the lowest (12 per thousand live births) in 2013 against the all-India average of 30. It reported 99.7 per cent births assisted by trained personnel in 2013-14, the highest in the country.Kerala, which has always had a well-implemented public healthcare system, has an MMR rate of 46, the best in the country. This is followed by Maharashtra at 61 and Tamil Nadu at 66.Source : Maternal mortality rate dips to 130 from 167, Kerala best in IndiaHDI :Kerala’s rating of HDI is 0.790 is the highest in India, resulting mainly from the vast improvements the state has made in the fields of sanitation, health, education and poverty-reduction.Sex ratio : Kerala is the only state in the country where the female population exceeds the male population.HLE : Kerala has routinely held the position of the state at the top with the highest life expectancy. Recent data by the Sample Registration System (SRS) of the Registrar General of India (RGI) shows Kerala’s overall life expectancy at 74.9 years – 72 for men and 77.8 for women.Source : Kerala, only state with high human development index: Sitaram YechurySource : As Kerala turns 60, here are five indicators that set the state apartBut keeping this apart, where Kerala wins?Kerala topped three categories-law and order and environment. It found place among top five states in five out of 10 categories.Strong civil activity and organization of its citizens.No violence [except the ones created by RSS and BJP over sabarimala]Kerala tops health rankings; UP, Bihar worst performers: NITI Aayog reportKerala was devastated by the floods in 2018 and 2019 but it is not the “Somalia” as someone claimed.How somalia looks like :But how Kerala looks like :Poverty in Kerala? I think they need to check stats right [4][4][4][4]It is green much greener than “somalia”It is healthy and health index is very high than “somalia”It has unemployment issues much like any other states in India but it is not “somalia”No person in Kerala takes Ammunition in his hands and roams. There is conversion but not like Somalia.People are safe and living in harmony and are more “secular” than any other state in India. Nobody is lynched or forced to chant any religious slogans anywhere !It is devastated but it is developing :Kerala Automobiles Ltd signs MoU with HESS AG to make e-buses | Kochi News - Times of IndiaSCL, SAIL sign MoU for maiden joint venture in Kerala - The Economic Times on MobileKerala Govt signs MoU with VSSC to develop Space ParkKerala government signs MOU with Airbus BizLabKerala govt inks MoU with Maldives on cancer carehttps://www.psuconnect.in/news/POWERGRID-becomes-first-CPSE-to-sign-MoU-with-Energy-Management-Centre-Kerala/18088and many more things are signed !There is hope and there is growth ! There is love and there is respect :)It is the most literate state in India and Kerala people are working everywhere and when their state faced devastating loss they were the first ones to organize things just like how Tamilnadu people behaved during 2015 floods.How techies from Kerala, in India and abroad, rushed to rescue the flood-hit stateYou can call them “terrorist state” and “isis breeding ground” and whatever but they are much more than that.They are fighters and they will recover :)Love from Tamilnadu !@Arun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ) correct me if i’m wrong sir :)Image source : GoogleThanks for readingFootnotes[1] Kerala model - Wikipedia[1] Kerala model - Wikipedia[1] Kerala model - Wikipedia[1] Kerala model - Wikipedia[2] The Truth Behind the Gujarat Growth Model[2] The Truth Behind the Gujarat Growth Model[2] The Truth Behind the Gujarat Growth Model[2] The Truth Behind the Gujarat Growth Model[3] How techies from Kerala, in India and abroad, rushed to rescue the flood-hit state[3] How techies from Kerala, in India and abroad, rushed to rescue the flood-hit state[3] How techies from Kerala, in India and abroad, rushed to rescue the flood-hit state[3] How techies from Kerala, in India and abroad, rushed to rescue the flood-hit state[4] List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate - Wikipedia[4] List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate - Wikipedia[4] List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate - Wikipedia[4] List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate - Wikipedia

A sample MoU for you:http://evaluer.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/MoU.pdf