Online Electron Configuration Practice: Fill & Download for Free

Syllabus of AIIMS 2018 ExamThe candidate can download PDF file containing MBBS Entrance Exam Syllabus – Physics syllabus (important topics), chemistry syllabus, bio syllabus and GK Topics for the preparation. There is total 200 objective type question in the test.GK & General AwarenessGeographyHistoryIndia IndependenceScienceInternational OrganizationsComputer ScienceCurrent AffairsPhysics SyllabusThe student can check the UNIT wise syllabus for AIIMS 2018 Physics Subject syllabus. Below we are also providing the PDF file so that user can download topic wise physics syllabus.UNIT I: ElectrostaticsElectric charges and their conservation. Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside) Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges: equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric diploes in an electrostatic fieldConductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator.UNIT II: Current ElectricityElectric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity.Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance.Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel.Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, Meter Bridge.Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.UNIT III: Magnetic Effects of Current and MagnetismConcept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.Para-, dia-and Ferro-magnetic substances, with examples.Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.UNIT IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating CurrentsElectromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattles current.AC generator and transformer.UNIT V: Electromagnetic WavesNeed for displacement current.Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.UNIT VI: OpticsReflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection, and its applications optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula. Magnification, the power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.Scattering of light- blue color of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation, and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses.Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ Principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts.Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ Principle.Interference, Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light.Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarization, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.UNIT VII: Dual Nature of Matter and RadiationPhotoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation- particle nature of light.Matter waves, wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).UNIT VIII: Atoms and NucleiAlpha- particle scattering experiments; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.UNIT IX: Electronic DevicesEnergy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors; semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). The transistor as a switch.Biology SyllabusIn Biology subject, there are only 5 Units. The student should buy new books online so that they can practice a large number of previous years papers.UNIT I: ReproductionReproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for the continuation of species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-typess, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events. Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).UNIT II: Genetics and EvolutionHeredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation-Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing.Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.UNIT III: Biology and Human WelfareHealth and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Improvement in food production; Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Bio fortification; Apiculture and Animal husbandry.Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and bio fertilizers.UNIT IV: Biotechnology and Its ApplicationsPrinciples and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms- Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues- Biopiracy and patents.UNIT V: Ecology and environmentOrganisms and environment: Habitat.Chemistry SyllabusIn the chemistry section of AIIMS 2018 entrance test. There are total 16 topics. The student can check topic wise syllabus. You can download PDF of chemistry syllabus. Also download official notification and read the revised exam pattern.UNIT I: Solid StateClassification of solids based on different binding forces; molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators.UNIT II: SolutionsTypes of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties- relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties abnormal molecular mass. Van Hoff factor.UNIT III: ElectrochemistryRedox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variation of conductivity with concentration, kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and Laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell- electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion.UNIT IV: Chemical KineticsRate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory ( elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.UNIT V: Surface ChemistryAdsorption-physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis; colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions- types of emulsions.UNIT VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of ElementsPrinciples and methods of extraction- concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.UNIT VII: p- Block ElementsGroup 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only); Phosphorous- allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCI3 , PCI5 ) and oxoacids (elementary idea only).Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses; classification of oxides; ozone. Sulphur – allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: preparation, preparation, properties and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only).Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds oxoacids of halogens (structures only).Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.UNIT VIII: d and f Block ElementsGeneral introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals- metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.Lanthanides- electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanide contraction and its consequences.Actinides- Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanides.UNIT IX: Coordination CompoundsCoordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism (structural and stereo) bonding, Werner’s theory VBT, CFT; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, biological systems).UNIT X: Haloalkanes and HaloarenesHaloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C –X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation.Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only).Uses and environment effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetra chloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.UNIT XI: Alcohols, Phenols and EthersAlcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties uses.UNIT XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic AcidsAldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.UNIT XIII: Organic Compounds Containing NitrogenAmines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines.Cyanides and Isocyanides: will be mentioned at relevant places.Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.UNIT XIV: BiomoleculesCarbohydrates- Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), D.L. configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose), and polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): importance.Proteins- Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes.Hormones- Elementary idea (excluding structure).Vitamins- Classification and function.Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNAUNIT XV: PolymersClassification- Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polyesters, Bakelite; rubber, Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.UNIT XVI: Chemistry in Everyday LifeChemicals in medicines- analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.Chemicals in food- preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants.Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

Here’s my advice to the engineering student:If you’re not spending upwards of 25 hours a week on the homework, you’re probably going to get lost at some point. Study very hard up front so you understand the fundamentals, because there are exceptions and assumptions to account for with the early “laws” you learn and it can get confusing once you get to transmission line theory in later semesters.You’re an engineer, but that doesn’t mean you don’t also need the “soft skills”. Cultivate a wide variety of skills. Practice at being a good writer and researcher. Know how to edit audio, and video. Know how to use Microsoft Office, check your grammar and spelling, learn how to write scripts in VBA. Take classes on how to speak in public, and learn the Monroe Motivated Sequence. You will see in your career that the best opportunities are reserved for the engineers who can communicate their ideas effectively to non-technical people, and help bridge gaps in understanding. These are the best engineers, so be one of them.Learn coding. Write programs by hand, or even make excel spreadsheets that solve for things like calculating what component values to use to bias transistors in different configurations. Work for the school as a tutor. Few things solidify your learning like having to teach a concept to someone else, and in my mind, programming a process counts too— a programmer is a playwright and the computer is a profoundly stupid actor.Use your time in school wisely: Be incredibly selective in choosing a solid lab partner or study partner— if you aren’t pushing each other to do your absolute best and turn in the highest quality work that you can, you need a new partner.Read the chapters that the professor skips— talk about them with your partner, check out additional source materials in the library.Find projects to do on your own in your free time that speak to your interests in engineering, experiment constantly, test your own assumptions.Don’t wait for Senior Project to start building prototypes, and build things with your partner. Order Integrated Circuits from online retailers, sometimes you can get free samples for use in prototyping. Learn how to create your own prototype printed circuit boards.This is your time, so shine brightly. You may be asking these same professors for letters of recommendations for future jobs. Make sure your work and passion for excellence stand out, so they have reason to remember who you are. Yes, you’ll get busy at work, but do stay in touch from time to time with a few of the professors that you connected strongly with.

For students who hate engineering:Before reading, people who took engineering upon parent's compulsion or those who hate engineering just because you were interested in studying something apart from engineering. If you don't have interest in engineering you don't choose it. Most people in india choose engineering just because of parents compulsion. There are both advantages and disadvantages in choosing what parents say, the disadvantage is you are going to study something without interest that will not take you any higher in life, the advantages is you can blame your parents for making you take engineering when you don't get job as this is what most students do. But when you want to study something that your parents don't want you to study then tell them you have confidence and interest and that you will excel. Make sure you take this decision before your college as it is going to decide what you will be in future. Also note that they will blame you if you don't get succeeded and you must be ready to face it. If you are choosing a career that you are interested in,you must be able to face the hurdles in it. You can succeed in anything if you have interest and hardwork, both are absolutely necessary,that we can't succeed with only one of them alone.For students who are ok with engineering:If you want to get placed in a core electrical and electronics company then you must be able to know what you studied rather than having a bookish knowledge or replicating the theory that you studied. Also your college should be great enough such that core companies like ABB,Siemens(for electrical) etc. comes for placements. You can do little projects on electronics. Doing things practically makes your knowledge better.Reasons for not getting core jobs:1. People might say that students from all branches finally gets placed in an IT company. Thats true, not because IT company is the only company recruiting students. But because, students do not have enough knowledge on their own department subjects (EEE,ECE,ME) in order to face the questions asked by the core companies. All that 90% of the students do is just trying to finish their studies with more than 90% marks by studying the day before the exam sometimes overnight studies and consider that they studied well. But that's not enough. But its good if you have more than 90% marks and also know the concepts of your course well.2. Everyone who studies engineering is keen in only passing the exam rather than having the knowledge to explain stuff when asked even a basic question.3. Getting 90% is not the only thing that will make you a get a job in the field which u studied. Your percentage of marks is just a hall ticket for entering the aptitude test or interview in placements. None of your bookish knowledge and your percentile alone will help you thereafter. Its only you and your practical knowledge with your subject knowledge that's gonna get you the job offer on core companies.4. Indian curriculum is not ready to teach students practical stuffs they are just expecting students to write 2 page essays as an answer to the question in semester. But we shouldn't blame the curriculum. If you want to know thinks better use Google.com. I certainly did that a lot. I learned many things from google than the things from book. Sometimes google helped me in understanding concepts in book.Engineering in daily life:Learn about the things around you that are related to your field of study. For example, EEE students can learn about mobile chargers, inverters,motors etc. ECE student can learn about radio,transmitters and receivers etc. Mechanical students can learn about Gears,transmission,engines etc. These are the things that you use in everyday life so it ll be easy and helpful for you to learn about these things.My Personal Experience:My Interests:Now i am going to bore you with my stories. I am an average student in engineering. I took electrical and electronics engineering on my own interest. In my first year i was given the subjects like physics,chemistry,math, English which i have been studying for the last 6 or 7 years (6th std to 12th std). It is the second year where they teach the real engineering. Even if you are not good in physics,chemistry,math you can still excel in engineering.For your information i am a last bench student in first year and I don't listen to the lectures that much so I used to bunk classes, talk with friends etc. This made some teachers to even hate me that they will show their hatred in internal marks. My third semester came with core subjects now. I started to read with interest thereafter and I do not memorize things I only understand the concepts and study. Mugging up things won't help. Also am bad in math, if you are bad in math dont worry nothing is required in math except the basic things like addition,subraction,multiplication,division in engineering. They teach the complex maths(fourier,integrals etc.) only to teach the basics such that you can catch up concepts when you work in a job that has more to do with calculations and complex math(Also all the companies teach stuff before putting them to work so dont worry if you are not an expert in complex math).My mini projects:I started doing mini projects from my second year by buying some basic electronics. I started with "AC to DC converter" which is the basis of mobile phone charger. When I started doing projects I learned more things that book doesn't teach me. Also it was my second year where they taught these converters. So i was able to understand things both theoretically and practically. I understood both parallelly. So it helped me to understand concepts better because those are the basic things of engineering. Once you design something, you will get a happiness that you have finally applied something which you learnt. That will give you more interest towards the subject. I continued doing parallel projects thereafter by doing more complex projects and I designed household inverters, mobile charges, solar chargers,led torches. Not only i was able to design these things by my practical knowledge but also i succeeded clearing faults or repairing electrical and electronical equipments at my home. some of the things i repaired include radio,torches,mosquito swatter bats, washing machine. Yes i repaired a washing machine. Service personnel told that they could not repair. And i teared the washing machine down brainstormed things that I learnt about motors and finally found the fault and cleared it and sold that washing machine on olx.in(site for selling second hand things).My parents also were very proud of me doing these things that they didn't ask any questions a normal parents would ask. They never tell me to study or get good grades because I study to just pass the subjects but I made sure i know the concepts well rather than having 90% and having nothing in brain.Final year projects: So days passed and i was in final year where we need to do projects finally. Yea the thing that i was doing from my second year at home. I had my own basic kits for doing projects since I already bought every basic electronics by that time. That saved a lot of time for me. And in our batch we finished the project by ourselves as me and my batchmates are very knowledgeable. While most of the people bought projects for money and displayed that in semester telling they did the project. Our curriculum also didn't make it a big deal. But in our batch,we put a lot of effort and finally got the output all by ourselves. The happiness you get once you get output after struggling all by yourselves cannot be explained, it was awwwwwwesome. Through joint work our batch finished the project with proper output and there were also some other batches who did on their own. But majority of the batches bought projects for money. I advice you not to do that. That's of no use.4.Placements: And finally placements I sat for a company. I cleared aptitude along with some 300 to 400 others. I went for the next round which was the technical round. So they asked technical questions. And I like technical questions very much. I answered most of the questions he asked and my practical knowledge along with the subjects I learnt greatly helped me,that the interviewer told me I am the first one to answer the questions among most of the people. I got the job. All my hardwork paid off. Also people who got placed in this company were asked to not appear for any other core companies by our college’s placement cell as they wanted 100% placements .Some of the subjects that you must know in electrical & electronics engineering:Electronic devices and circuits: - especially diode,transistors,mosfets,igbt,rectifier,power supplies,LED,Resistor,Capacitor,Inductor etc.Circuit theory: - R,RL,RLC circuit,L and C filters.Analog Electronics: - Op-amp, Voltage regulators(LM 7805), Timer circuits(555 timer) etc.Power electronics and drives: - SCR converters,battery charger, Types of inverters, Inverter configuration etc.Electrical Machines: - Types of motor, uses of each motors,Torque & Speed capability of different motors.Digital Electronics: Flip-flop,micro-controller,microprocessor, counter,adder,subractor,waveform generators seven-segment display etc.Solid state drives: - especially controlling different types of motors with inverters,four quadrant operation of hoists,four quadrant operation of inverters.These are some of the subjects and topics you must know as these subjects form the foundation for electrical and electronics engineering.Some of the questions that are most asked in interviews are:What is voltage,current,power?What is difference between Resistor,inductor,capacitor?What is the difference between MOSFET, IGBT, BJT?What is a transistor? How it functions as a switch?What is inverter?What is positive and negative feedback?What is Real,Reactive,Apparent power?What is power factor?What motor is used in traction?What is the use of Capacitor?What is micro-controller and microprocessor?What is four quadrant operation of converters?Which motor has highest torque?Which motor is used in train,quad-copters?What is an alternator?Why AC cannot be stored in battery?These are some of the simple questions that everyone should know. Learning the answer for these question will open up your mind for further more complex concepts which you will find easy to understand thereafter. Its always the basics that any engineering graduate must know thoroughly. A person who is strong in his/her basics can understand anything and will be able to create ideas,analyse problems etc.Softwares Tools:There are a lot of helpful softwares for electrical and electronics engineering that we should know that are often used in design and manufacturing. These softwares include:1.MATLAB\PSPICE :One can easily create a schematic or a prototype of the circuit they want to build in matlab and test their output for stability. Any circuit can be modeled in matlab right from converter, inverter and even a motor can be modeled. In my final year project we modeled BLDC motor in matlab. Likewise any circuit can be modeled.2. EAGLE PCB :This software can be used to manufacture PCB(Printed Circuit Boards) for the circuit we want. It is an essential software in manufacturing. During the process of manufacturing of any electronic product first the schematic is tested through simulation. And a prototype of the circuit is implemented practically(for example,using breadboards) and tested. And then comes the PCB designing. PCB is nothing but a copper clad board where selected portions of copper coating is etched away by acid in order to have required traces on the board for connecting the devices. Components are soldered in breadboard and all the connecting wires(wires in breadboard) are replaced by copper traces which acts as wire or conductor. PCB makes the product compact,good looking, neat. So its necessary to know atleast one software for PCB designing.3. Arduino:Almost every engineer is aware of the word arduino. Arduino uses atmega microcontroller. It is a very interesting tool where you can learn to interface between hardware and software. The code that arduino use is also very simple that any one can understand if they see tutorials available in the internet and also YouTube.(NOTE : Matlab, Arduino, PCB designing: Several college students teach these three tools in their symposium for money. I advice you not to waste your money on this as the quality of the teaching will be very poor that you will end up wasting your money. So its better to see online tutorials and YouTube videos for learning these three as the quality of teaching will be great in this. I learnt these things only online. So please do not waste your money.)4. PLC & SCADA :People who learn PLC(Programmable Logic Controllers) & SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)will have better job opportunities as most of the companies welcomes those people. It can be learnt in some technical institutes in major cities.These softwares will be more than enough for your career. These tools are very helpful even during your engineering studies. You can even make mini projects using these tools.So if you want to work on the field that you studied and make yourself unique from others Please try to gain practical knowledge in your field and build up your resume with technical stuff in order to not end up in IT company. If you end up in IT company then its just a waste that you put all your efforts into studying something(B.E.) which you don't apply anymore. If you are from C.S.E or I.T , IT company is good for you! But for others its not!So finally its your practical knowledge, the ability to explain the concepts on subjects and the things you learned from books that's going to make you succeed. Thank you everyone for reading my answer. Let me know if there is something wrong in what I told so that I can edit the answer for the better.