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they were the original builders of rajasthan (bundi,aamer,jaipur,alwar & some parts of ajmer ) . after their downfall rajput kings gave them the security of treasury. in british colonial period , "MEENA BATTALION" was started by british govt. due to the good physic quality of meena's ,later on that battalian was known as 42nd deoli regiment. but post mutiny meena's fought against Britishers and rajputs so, british govt. put them into criminal tribe in rajasthan in 1911. jats and gurjars were also part of this rule but later both were removed from this rule .during 11th century Khoh (at present kho-nagorian near jaipur) was ruled by Raja Aalan Singh meena(ralhansi,elan singh meena from chanda gotra of meena's) who was a Meena king. Meanwhile the kingdom of Gwalior (called Narwar at that time) was being ruled by Sodh Singh who was assassinated by his brother. The queen and her son (Dulha Rai or dhola rai ,grand father of bharmal) managed to flee the kingdom and were given refuge by the Aalan Singh and alan singh adopted that child as his nephew. It was her son who used the trust bestowed upon him by the king and conspired with Rajputs and attacked the fort when the Meenas were most vulnerable (during the Diwali time where they would give up arms for whole day and pay homages to their ancestors by taking dips in Badli's pond)( ancient tradition that is called pitratrapan)Another important kingdom of Meenas was on Naen(ruled by rao bada meena) which was destroyed by Bharmal Kacchhawa(father of jodha bai) with aid from the Mughal connections. On its ruins he erected the town of Lowain.in local language there is a famous quotation ,"RAO BADA ko bijano akbar ko darbar" it menas that the manual fans ( a hand made fan ) in his palace were considered as having worth equivalent to the whole treasury of Akbar)akbar wants to marry shashiwadini(daughter of rao bada meena) but she refused to do so, after that akbar married with bharmal's daughter jodha bai and the combined army of akbar and bharmal won the kingdom naen and grab all treasure and burried that under the chil ka tila (a mountain, on which jaigarh fort has been builted).Furthermore the area of Ajmer, bundi and ruins of temples and forts in Ramgarh, and recounts of most prosperous kingdom of Jait singh Meena(jaita meena) who was the son of Rao Bunda meena (builder of bundi). The modern day Bunda -ki -nal or Boondi(bundi) as we know it has derived its name from Maharaj bunda Meena. His kingdom was considered as being the most prosperous in whole Rajasthan region. just shows how vast the rule of Meenas were prior to the advent of Mughals and Rajputs alliance (which was majorly formed by Rajputs to rule their kingdom without problems and to control & conquer Meenas and other tribes).(Annals & Antiquities of Rajasthan written by Col. James Tod)The Meenas because of their bravery and never bending attitude towards Mughals as lots of Rajputs (except mewar rulers) acceded to the Mughals and let their daughters be married to Akbar became a dying race.It was Rajputs (the word is also an invention by Kachwahas to glorify their race) who wrote the history and took the bits and pieces out which posed a challenge to their history.The brave men of the Meena community after the British era due to their status as a warrior class was recruited in the Army and there was a separate regiment for the Meena's known as the Deoli regimen (W.Y. Carman, page 121, "Indian Army Uniforms - Infantry", Morgan-Grampian: London 1969, also see Armed Forces: Units: Indian Infantry: 42nd Deoli Regiment, Sumner, Ian (2001). The Indian Army 1914-1947. Osprey Publishing). But it was disbanded and Meenas were removed as they were constantly revolting against the British and making life miserable for them.Since, then they were declared as a criminal tribe pursuant to the enactment of criminal tribes act of 1871 (Brown, Mark (2004). "Crime, Liberalism and Empire: Governing the Mina Tribe of Northern India").Just imagine the pain when you are deemed criminal by birth and even a 6year old has to report to the Thanedar to move from one place to another. The community faced a lot of exploitation and it was the community's struggle against such atrocities that they were given reservations.after their royal era they were divided into three to four sub groups -1.zamidar2.chaukidar3.pratiharzamidar- thease were the ancient rulers but after war with rajputs they adopted farming as their profession.chaukidar- they got treasury security work under the rajputs.pratihars- they had skills of gurrila wars so, they decided to fight against rajputs and britishers.later british govt. had snatched all charges from rajputs (means during this period rajputs were the puppet of britishers) ,chaukidar meena's loose their jobs . after that they decided to do security of villages but that job is not sufficient to get their earnigs so they engaged into loot (animal stealing works).the word rajput is not given by our history or our ancient culture, it was produced by kachchawa rajputs. the ancient kshatriya worriers were the different from these rajputs. befor rajputs, gurjars,meenas and yadavs were the ruler of this india.and gurjar's ,jat’s, yadavs and meena 's were the ancient martial tribes of india who lost their kingdoms.according to some current researches and theories, it is said that," the whole india is came from greece and the language hindi or sanskrit was made from hebrew language and the word MEENA was came from the MINOA ( former greece kingdom). { I got to know about this from Google where a research paper was saying exactly same about this Greece relation but personally I do not believe on it)And Some people believed that meena and mina are different , but it has no base because the spellings in english were made by human being later not early the era of sanskrit.the term rawat is the award of a worrier who perform good in war so, so some rawat's are meena and some are rajputs.pardeshi thakur community in maharastra also was the part of these meena's, they were residents of rajasthan but later they went there to participate in wars and later they decided to live there. their gotras are the same as meena's.the majority population of muslims is meo in rajasthan and haryana, they also were the part of meena's . they were converted by aurangjeb or due to sufi movement (I don't know exact origin of them) from hindus to muslim.at present they wants to settle relations with meena's but the patels of meena's (panch or mukhiya) refused to do so, because their tradition and culture is different from them (hindus).forts built by meena's-1.hathroi fort near jaipur2.aamagarh fort near jaipur3.jamwaramgarh fort near jaipurmeena's had built less forts then rajput because, forts are for the security from other invaders but, meena's were the only worrier tribe at that time but later rajputs time they were the invaders so rajput's have to built good quality forts for security from mughals, britishers and meena's.edit-1 :- I am not saying they were kshatriya or something else, the varna status is present only hinduism and meena and other martial tribes are the tribes not castes which are following only tribal rules not any religion but later on they mixed with religions or started following hinduism but personally I saw in marriages at some places like in my maternal uncle's village they do wear sacred thread called “janeu” during their marriage and a brahmin priest who usually perform their rituals helps in wearing that thread. Once I asked that priest that we are tribals then why are you doing this janeu ritual, then he replied that jagarwad's (gotra of my maternal uncle) are kshatriya so it is an essential ritual for a Kshatriya to wear this thread before going in baraat.2. their origin from matsya avatar of vishnu is also matter of dispute. some scholars are agree on it but some are not. but if we look current geography of rajasthan then we will find out they are the only one dominating tribe of that particular matsya region and virat nagar followed by gurjars.i have found a line in a book (do not remember the name) which says that jats were also tribe but in 1911, majority of them started to follow hinduism and lost their tribal identity on papers and gradually became a caste.there are some books on their origin and their martial identity (link below) -“the Sepoy” by a British author Edmund candler (page-188)The sepoy : Candler, Edmund, 1874-1926 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet ArchiveA tv series on Doordarshan named “ITIHAS KE GAWAH : BUNDI” which includes the story of meena and hada rajputs and how Hada gave poison to Rao Jaita meena .3. the history of Padeshi rajput community of maharashtra:-4. I have written something about hathroi fort of jaipur, here I am attaching a news from rajasthan patrika which is all about the meena's of jaipur or nearby area( earlier known as dhundhad ).. in this you can see a story of meenas who killed british officer martin black and the history of rulers..5. Earlier meena's were the police officers of jaipur riyasat. In which they have 27 choukis ( stations). I found this photo from internet. This photo is showing all 27 meena police officers of 1928 which are guarding jaipur riyasat. At the time of king sawai madhosingh , the inspector general of police was sanvata ji meena.6. The band of 42nd meena battalion or deoli regiment -The drums, bugles and pipers were distinctive in a white tunic with red collar, cuffs and piping. The trefoil tracing was above the cuff and badges were worn on the upper right arm. According to an oil painting in the National Army Museum, the turban worn without a pag appears as light yellow ith red bars edged black. The pipers wore a shoulder plaid of MacDonald taran (shown as light purple and green in the oil painting) with pipe bags and ribbons to match. The 'Knickerbockers' are scarlet. The british bandmaster is in the middle behind the drums. On his right hand is the drum major carrying a staff and no belt although he does wear a red waist-sash. On the other side of the bandmaster is the pipe major wearing a red shoulder sash and an elaborate badge over the three chevrons. One of the bass drummers wears a leopard-skin, the other only the drum carriage. (Source-britisharmy.co.uk)7. A piece of book in which the half story of meena and kachhavaha conflict is written.8. The diversity of tribe - in 20th century some meena were enjoying clean caste status while some were busy in looting others and living in harsh conditions. ( Pratihar or parihar meena mainly found in nearby area of Kota)

We don’t know. Religion is older than written records.We did find traces of cremated and burried humans from around 40 000 years ago. This could point in the way of religion, but there is nothing to confirm that.Then in 9130–7370 BCEThis was the apparent period of use of Göbekli Tepe, one of the oldest human-made sites of worship yet discovered; evidence of similar usage has also been found in another nearby site, Nevalı Çori.This period is also noted as the beginning of the First Sangam period in South India.People worship what they cannot understand. All you need to know about first religions can be derived from what we know of “pagan” religions. Be they old or belonging to isolated bubbles of humanity in some random jungle or savanna. They worship and respect nature.Rain, thunder, rivers, animals…Only later there were attached figures to these phenomenons. Odin, Thor, Thot, Ra…

This is a very big and tough question not only for one but to the entire people of India..Does the Congress want to save itself or go to the cruel dustbins of history..?That's very important only the Congress can save it self…if they really want to be saved ..by changing the entire basic policy of the party..!See.this is not the era of sixties or seventies..where the people of india can tolerate the policy of” Tushtikaran “ in the name of secularism..suppressing the emotions of majority of Indian people..and make Tushtikaran to the one particular minority…!!..this not going to happen again..the bjp has changed the entire nation's equations Knowing fully well that Congress party will not do the same in near future..!!.. BJP has got people's mandate for their basic policies which suits to the Indian public and touches their hearts directly..The leadership in the Congress party is in its suicidal mode to sticking to the policies of to neglect the mandate of majority people of india and making Tushtikaran to the minority people of india..!! No it will not continue now!!The Congress party should not consider it self the ruling party of india any more ..they should go to the grass root level and organize the party workers from zero level..they should insure the majority population that they are with them and will not make any act of Tushtikaran..any more in the future..they will not neglect the majority people of india..they should infuse faith in the majority population..!!See bjp govt. in last six years no any case of corruption has emerged till now..this is a very big achievement..the perception in the public is that the bjp is an honest govt.doing the work for betterment of entire people of India irrespective of cast ,Creed and religion. All are equally treated..this is a very good perception that bjp govt has got from the public..!!There must be a change in leadership in the Congress so that public should correlate it to the masses not the elite people..work very honestly as the bjp working..!!Congress should not make a self goal.. BJP has recognised the true pulse of Indian people and has made the Indian people happy by their honest work..See this and make a big change in the Congress party policy otherwise the Congress party will be burried in the cruel history of Indian politics very soon , although the process has been started and it's pace is very fast..!!! ..May the Almighty give good senses to the Congress party in future..!!!!!