Interactive Development Environment: Eclipse (Pdf) - Mit: Fill & Download for Free

Most comprehensive list ever.List of Lists☆NameDescription★★★Good Blog Post Resources about Algorithm and Data Structures — CodeforcesA collection of fantastic tutorial blog posts written by Codeforces users. Some intriguing ones include Palindromic Trees, Policy Based Data Structures, and a lot more.★★★Data Structures and Algorithms — CodeChef DiscussA very complete list of competitive programming resources. A must-have in your browser bookmark.★★★How to prepare for ACM — ICPC? — GeeksforGeeksA detailed walk-through of the preparations for ACM-ICPC.SyllabusesFind out what topics you need to learn.☆NameDescription★★★IOI SyllabusA detailed syllabus on which IOI contestants will be tested. This is still somewhat relevant to ACM-ICPC.★★★How to prepare for ACM — ICPC? — GeeksforGeeksA detailed walk-through of the preparations for ACM-ICPC.★★☆Programming Camp SyllabusA list of important topics in competitive programming with exercise problems.★★☆Juniors Training Sheet, by Mostafa Saad IbrahimSimple problems for newcomersTutorial WebsitesAwesome websites with great tutorials.☆NameDescription★★★Topcoder Data Science TutorialsA list of tutorials written by respected Topcoder members. Many top programmers started learning data sciences from here.★★★E-Maxx (Russian), (English)A tutorial website widely used and referenced in the Russian-speaking competitive programming community. Only a small fraction of the original site is translated into English, but Google Translate would work okay.★★☆Algorithms — GeeksforGeeksA website with a large archive of nicely written articles on different topics. It is a great complimentary resource for algorithm courses.★★☆PEGWikiA website with amazing in-depth wiki-like writeups on many topics. It's far better than those on Wikipedia in my opinion.★★☆Notes — HackerEarthA great crowdsourcing platform for tutorials. Also visit Code Monk.★★☆USA Computing Olympiad (USACO)Contains several training pages on its website which are designed to develop one's skills in programming solutions to difficult and varied algorithmic problems at one's own pace.★★☆basecsA blog with in-depth, illustrated tutorials on basic algorithms and data structures.★★☆Competitive Programming — CommonloungeShort video tutorials for beginner and intermediate concepts. Advanced tutorials selected from the best ones available on various CP blogs.★☆☆OLYMPIADS IN INFORMATICSAn international journal focused on the research and practice of professionals who are working in the field of teaching and learning informatics to talented student.★☆☆algolist (Russian)A Russian website devoted to algorithms of all sorts. Some topics listed on this website seems pretty interesting.★★☆演算法筆記 (Algorithm Notes) (Chinese)One of the most popular tutorial websites among the Taiwanese competitive programming community. The maintainer for this website spends immense efforts on researching algorithms.★★☆国家集训队论文 1999-2015 (Papers from Chinese IOI training camps) (Chinese)Papers from the Chinese IOI training camps. It's interesting for the fact that one can tell different regions emphasize different things.Open CoursesConsider beginning your competitive programming journey with these awesome courses!☆NameDescription★★☆Code Monk, by HackerEarthA fantastic step-by-step tutorial on the essential topics in competitive programming.★★★Stanford CS 97SI: Introduction to Competitive Programming ContestsOffers comprehensive lecture slides and a short list of exercise problems.★★☆How to Win Coding Competitions: Secrets of ChampionsA course by ITMO University on competitive coding on edX.★★☆Codechef's Indian Programming CampVideo Lectures from Codechef's Indian Programming Camp 2016. Lectures given by top competitive programmers like Sergey Kulik, Kevin Charles Atienza and Anudeep Nekkanti. Primarily focused on exploring these concepts by applying them to actual competitive contest problems.★★☆Reykjavik T-414-ÁFLV: A Competitive Programming CourseAn awesome course taught by Bjarki Ágúst Guðmundsson (SuprDewd). These lectures feature neat slides and a nice list of problems to practice.★★☆NCTU DCP4631: Problem Solving and Programming TechniquesA course on basic topics featuring good lecture slides.★☆☆Materials (English) from Arabic Competitive Programming ChannelSome materials (slides & source codes) covering a broad range of algorithmic topicsOpen Courses for Algorithms and Data Structures☆NameDescription★★★prakhar1989/awesome-courses#algorithmsA fantastic list of open courses offered by notable institutions (MIT, Stanford, UC Berkeley ... etc.).★★★MIT SMA 5503: Introduction to AlgorithmsLectured by Prof. Charles Leiserson (one of the coauthors of Introduction to Algorithms) and Prof. Erik Demaine (a brilliant professor who has made remarkable breakthroughs in data science), the course offers great materials, accompanied by intuitive and comprehensive analyses.★★☆UIUC Algorithm Courselecture notes, homeworks, exams, and discussion problems covering a broad range of algorithmic topicsBooksA list of recommended books for competitive programming.☆NameDescription★★☆Competitive Programming, by Steven and Felix HalimThis book contains a collection of relevant data structures, algorithms, and programming tips. It's a well-received book. ... The first edition is free for download (pdf).★★☆Programming Challenges: The Programming Contest Training Manual, by Steven Skiena and Miguel RevillaThis book includes more than 100 programming challenges, as well as the theory and key concepts necessary for approaching them. Problems are organized by topic, and supplemented by complete tutorial material.★★☆Competitive Programmer's Handbook, by Antti Laaksonen (pllk)An introduction to competitive programming for aspiring IOI and ICPC contestants. Free to download (pdf).★★★Looking for a Challenge, written by a group of authors associated with the Polish OlympiadsMost of the problems described in the book are really hard but they are explained in such a way that even beginners can understand. It appears to be out of stock (as of Aug, 2016), but you can reserve one on their official website.★★☆Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applications, by Mark de Berg, Otfried Cheong, Marc van Kreveld, Mark OvermarsThis is a well-written book which covers a broad range of computational geometry problems.★☆☆The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Programming Contests, by Nite NimajnebThis book is free for download (pdf). This book covers various topics relevant to competitive programming.★★★プログラミングコンテストチャレンジブック (Japanese), by 秋葉拓哉, 岩田陽一, 北川宜稔An absolutely phenomenal book. The contents, organized in a very coherent manner, are nothing short of amazing. ... 培養與鍛鍊程式設計的邏輯腦：世界級程式設計大賽的知識、心得與解題分享 (Chinese Traditional)★★☆算法竞赛入门经典 (Chinese), by 刘汝佳The Art of Algorithms and Programming Contests (English), 打下好基礎：程式設計與演算法競賽入門經典 (Chinese Traditional)★★☆算法竞赛入门经典——训练指南 (Chinese), by 刘汝佳, 陈锋提升程式設計的解題思考力─國際演算法程式設計競賽訓練指南 (Chinese Traditional)★★★算法艺术与信息学竞赛 (Chinese), by 刘汝佳, 黄亮An old-time classic. It's old but the contents in this book are still considered to be very difficult by today's standards.Books for Algorithms☆NameDescription★★★Introduction to Algorithms, by Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest and Clifford SteinAlso known as CLRS (taken from name initials), this book is often referred to as the "bible" for algorithms and data structures. It's one of the most popular textbooks for university algorithm courses. This book covered various algorithms and data structures in great detail. The writing is more rigorous and can be difficult to some.★★☆Algorithm Design, by Jon Kleinberg and Éva TardosThis book revolves around techniques for designing algorithms. It's well-organized and written in a clear, understandable language. Each chapter is backed with practical examples and helpful exercises. The chapter on network flow is highly praised by lots. ... The lecture slides that accompany the textbook are available on its official website.★★☆The Algorithm Design Manual, by Steven S. SkienaThe book is written in more readable text. Some find it comprehensive than other books. You can also find some good resources (including the author's own video lectures) on its official website.★★★Algorithms, by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin WayneThis book is neatly categorized, coupled with elaborate explanations and fantastic illustrations. It is used in some IOI training camps as a textbook.Books for Mathematics☆NameDescription★★☆Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, by Kenneth H. RosenDiscrete Mathematics is closely relevant to competitive programming. This book provides comprehensive materials on a wide range of topics including: Logics and Proofs, Sets, Functions, Sequences, Matrices, Number Theory, Recursion, Counting, Probablity, Graphs, Trees and Boolean Alegra to name but a few.★★☆Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, by Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, Oren PatashnikThe book offers a deeper insight into Discrete Mathematics with more emphases on number-related topics.★★☆Linear Algebra and Its Applications, by David C. Lay, Steven R. Lay, Judi J. McDonaldThe book does a brilliant job at bridging the gap between a physical system (for scientists and engineers) and an abstract system (for mathematicians).★★☆Introduction to Probability, by Charles M. Grinstead, J. Laurie SnellThis is a well-written introductory probabilities book. ... It's free for download (pdf) (released under GNU Free Documentation License).★★☆How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method, by G. PolyaAn old-time classic. In this book, the author provides a systematic way to solve problems creatively.Sites for PracticeGood online judge systems / contest platforms to practice.☆NameDescription★★★CodeforcesCodeforces is one of, if not, the most popular contest platforms out there. Currently maintained by Saratov State University, it features regular contests and countless awesome original problems. Additionally, every contest provides immediate helpful tutorials (usually) written by the authors themselves. Codeforces also houses a strong and engaging community. All in all, one would indeed learn and improve tremendously here.★★★TopcoderTopcoder has been around since 2001. Rich in history, It's considered to be one of the most prestigious organizations when it comes to technology competitions. Hundreds of SRMs gave birth to an abundant problemset. Problems here are typically more challenging than others and Topcoder therefore appeals to many elite programmers. The annual Topcoder Open (TCO) is also a widely-discussed event.★★★Google Code JamGoogle Code Jam is certainly one of the most highly-esteemed programming competitions. The competition consists of unique programming challenges which must be solved in a fixed amount of time. Competitors may use any programming language and development environment to obtain their solutions.★★☆CodeChefCodeChef is a non-profit educational initiative of Directi. It's a global competitive programming platform and has a large community of programmers that helps students and professionals test and improve their coding skills. Its objective is to provide a platform for practice, competition and improvement for both students and professional software developers. Apart from this, it aims to reach out to students while they are young and inculcate a culture of programming in India.★★★SPOJThe SPOJ platform is centered around an online judge system. It holds a staggering amount of problems prepared by its community of problem setters or taken from previous programming contests, some of which are great problems for practice (refer to the Problem classifiers section). SPOJ also allows advanced users to organize contests under their own rules.★★☆TimusTimus Online Judge is the largest Russian archive of programming problems with automatic judging system. Problems are mostly collected from contests held at the Ural Federal University, Ural Championships, Ural ACM ICPC Subregional Contests, and Petrozavodsk Training Camps.★☆☆HDUHDU is an online judge maintained by Hangzhou Dianzi University. It's home to many classic problems from the Chinese IOI scene.★★★AtCoderAtCoder is a new but phenomenal contest platform created by a team of highly-rated Japanese competitive programmers.★★☆Aizu Online JudgeAizu online judge is a contest platform and problem archive hosted by The University of Aizu. It has a lot of great problems from programming competitions in Japan.★★☆UVaAn old-school problem archive / online judge with rich history. Thousands of problems, including many classic ones, are featured here. However, it is strongly advised that you practice with uHunt following its "Competitive Programming Exercise" section.★★☆HackerRankHackerRank is a company that focuses on competitive programming challenges for both consumers and businesses. HackerRank's programming challenges can be solved in a variety of programming languages and span multiple computer science domains.★★☆POJPOJ is an online judge with many great problems maintained by Peking University. Most Chinese competitive programmers began their journey here.★★☆Project EulerProject Euler features a stunning set of good math problems. It also hosts a forum where people can discuss.★☆☆HackerearthHackerEarth is a startup technology company based in Bangalore, India that provides recruitment solutions.★☆☆Caribbean Online JudgeCOJ is hosted by University of Informatics Sciences (UCI, by its acronym in Spanish), located in Cuba. Feature ACM ICPC and Progresive constest styles, mostly from Caribbean and Latin American problem setters, also has problem classifier and contest calendar.★★☆CS AcademyNew in the competitive programming scene, CS Academy is a growing online judge that hosts competitions once every two weeks. It supports live chat, interactive lessons and an integrated online editor (that actually works).★★☆Russian Code CupProgramming competitions powered by Mail.Ru: почта, поиск в интернете, новости, игры Group. Competition consists of 3 qualification, 1 elimination and 1 final rounds. For each round contestants are given 4-8 problems which must be solved in a fixed amount of time.★★☆CodeFightsCodeFights is a website for competitive programming practice and interview preparation. It features daily challenges of varying difficulty, an archive of problems and regular (every 15 minutes) mini-tournaments. Good for beginners.Problem ClassifiersSites classifying programming problems.Choose a category (eg. DP) of interest and practice problems on that topic.☆NameDescription★★★A2 Online JudgeMixed★★★Problem ClassifierSPOJ★★☆UVa Online JudgeCP Book★☆☆Codeforces TagsCF (DP)★★☆HackerRankHackerRank★★☆Juniors Training Sheet, by Mostafa Saad IbrahimSimple problems for newcomers★★☆Lucky貓的 UVA（ACM）園地 (Chinese)UVa★★☆Topcoder problem archiveList of problems with categories and complexity levelsContest CalendarsCalendars for impending programming contests.(Never miss another contest!)☆NameDescription★★★Programming Contest Calendar — HackerRankGoogle Calendar export available★★☆clist.byAPI available for use★★☆Coding Calendar (Android App)★★☆Coder's Calendar: Android App, Chrome Extension, Firefox Add-on★★★CodeHorizon: iOS App, Android AppSites for QuestionsThese are great sites to ask questions.Paste your codes at ideone, pastebin or other sites to avoid formatting issues.☆NameDescription★★★CodeforcesFor quick answers, Codeforces is definitely the go-to place to ask about anything competition-related.★★★Competitive Programming — QuoraYou would typically get more elaborate answers on Quora, but you might not have your questions answered straightaway.★★★Competitive Programming — CommonloungeMost questions get a response in < 30 minutes. Questions can range from beginner simple questions to in-depth questions.★★☆Theoretical Computer Science Stack ExchangeThis place is generally for the academics, so don't ask questions about contest problems here.★★☆Algorithmic Competitive Programming Stack Exchange (proposed)Competitive programming enthusiasts on Stack Exchange are discussing whether to create a new competitive programming Q&A site.ImplementationsAlgorithm & Data structure implementations.☆NameDescription★★★CodeLibrary, by Andrey Naumenko (indy256)CodeLibrary contains a large collection of implementations for algorithms and data structures in Java and C++. You may also visit his GitHub Repository.★★★spaghetti-source/algorithm, by Takanori MAEHARA (@tmaehara)High-quality implementations of many hard algorithms and data structures.★★★kth-competitive-programming/kactl, by Simon Lindholm (simonlindholm) et al.A phenomenally organized, documented and tested team notebook from KTH Royal Institute of Technology. One of the most well-crafted team notebooks (contest libraries) I've ever seen.★★☆jaehyunp/stanfordacmStanford's team notebook is well maintained and the codes within are of high-quality.★★☆ngthanhtrung23/ACM_Notebook_new, by team RR Watameda (I_love_Hoang_Yen, flashmt, nguyenhungtam) from National University of SingaporeRR Watameda represented National University of Singapore for the 2016 ACM-ICPC World Finals. The items in this notebook are pretty standard and well-organized.★★☆bobogei81123/bcw_codebook, by team bcw0x1bd2 (darkhh, bobogei81123, step5) from National Taiwan Universitybcw0x1bd2 represented National Taiwan University for the 2016 ACM-ICPC World Finals. This notebook contains robust implementations for advanced data structures and algorithms.★☆☆foreverbell/acm-icpc-cheat-sheet, by foreverbell (foreverbell)A notebook with some advanced data structures and algorithms including some from the China informatics scene.★☆☆igor's code archive, by Igor Naverniouk (Abednego)A good notebook by Igor Naverniouk who is currently a software engineer at Google and part of the Google Code Jam team.Language SpecificsLanguages and other miscellaneous knowledge.C/C++☆NameDescription★★☆Power up C++ with the Standard Template Library — Topcoder: Part 1, Part 2An introductory tutorial on basic C++ STLs.★★☆Yet again on C++ input/output — CodeforcesLearn more about C++ I/O optimizations.★★☆C++ Tricks — Codeforces ... What are some cool C++ tricks to use in a programming contest? — QuoraPlentiful C++ tricks for competitive programming. Note that some should be used with care.★★★C++ STL: Policy based data structures — Codeforces: Part 1, Part 2Detailed introduction to the extra data structures implemented in GNU C++. The official documentation can be found here.★☆☆C++11 FAQ (English, Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Korean)A list of FAQs regarding C++11 collected and written by Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++.Java☆NameDescription★★☆How to read input in Java — tutorial — CodeforcesLearn how to read input faster. This is a must-read for those who intend to use Java for competitive programming★★☆How to sort arrays in Java and avoid TLE — CodeforcesSome tips on how to avoid hitting the worst case of quick sort★★☆BigNum arithmetic in Java — Let's outperform BigInteger! — CodeforcesA basic but faster custom BigInteger class★★☆EZ Collections, EZ Life (new Java library for contests) — CodeforcesA Java library for contests written by Alexey Dergunov (dalex). ArrayList, ArrayDeque, Heap, Sort, HashSet, HashMap, TreeSet, TreeMap, TreeList and pair classes are implementedMiscellaneous☆NameDescription★★★Bit Twiddling HacksA huge compiled list of bit manipulation tricks.★★★Comparing Floating Point Numbers, 2012 Edition — Random ASCIIEverything you need to know about floating point numbers. A must read especially for geometry topics.★★☆Object-Oriented C Style Languages: C++, Objective-C, Java, C# — a side-by-side reference sheetA detailed side-by-side reference sheet for common syntaxes.ToolsAwesome tools that will make your life easier.IDEs☆NamePlatformDescription★★★VimCLI / Cross-PlatformVim is one of the most popular text editors among advanced programmers. It allows text-editing to be done very efficiently with solely keystrokes. Vim is also highly configurable, extensible and integrates with shells (command lines) really well. The only setback about Vim is that it has a high learning curve for beginners.★★★EmacsCLI / Cross-PlatformEmacs is another popular text editor (or development environment to be more precise). The debate on "Vim vs. Emacs" is constantly brought up due to their popularity. Basically Emacs is more than just a text editor. It has plugins like file managers, web browsers, mail clients and news clients that allows users to performs these tasks directly inside Emacs. Emacs is "heavier" because of this, but it arguably has a relatively easier learning curve for beginners.★★★Far ManagerHybrid / WindowsFar Manager is the most widely-used editor in the RU/CIS competitive programming community. It's actually a file manager in its bare bones, but you can install FarColorer — a syntax highlighter plugin to program on it. Properly configured, Far Manager allows you to navigate between files very efficiently while writing your codes.★★★Code::BlocksGUI / Cross-PlatformCode::Blocks is the go-to IDE for C/C++. It's a full-fledged, versatile IDE with numerous great features. Code::Blocks is usually provided along with Vim in programming contests.★★★IntelliJ IDEAGUI / Cross-PlatformIntelliJ IDEA is certainly one of the best IDEs for Java. It's used by most competitive programmers who use Java as their main language. Be sure to check out CHelper, a very handy plugin written for programming contests.★★☆Sublime TextGUI / Cross-PlatformSublime Text is an extraordinary text editor. Packed with powerful and innovative features like Multiple Carets, Minimaps and Command Palletes, it attracts a strong and engaging community. Sublime Text is highly extensible, so be sure to have Package Control installed and explore perhaps one of the largest catalogue of plugins!★★☆EclipseGUI / Cross-PlatformEclipse is another good IDE for Java. It's an okay alternative to Intellij IDEA (A tad inferior to IDEA by today's standards). Sometimes contests only provide Eclipse for some reason, so this might be a good incentive to try and use Eclipse.★★☆CLionGUI / Cross-PlatformCLion, produced by JetBrains — the same company who made Intellij IDEA, is a powerful IDE for C++. Free educational licenses are available OR you can try out their EAP (Early Access Program)which is still free as of Aug, 2016. You may want to turn off its code inspection feature as it will cause quite a bit of lag.★☆☆Other IDEsMixedVisual Studio is the IDE to use in case you want to code in C#, but beware that it will be a 7GB installation. ... Both Atom and Visual Studio Code are built with Electron (written in JavaScript) and therefore somewhat resource-hogging. ... CodeLite is a newly rising IDE. Beware that the load-up and project-creation times can be extraordinary.Personal use☆NameDescription★★★VisuAlgoA website featuring a large collection of visualization tools for algorithms and data structures.★★★General Practice Helpers: ... CHelper(IntelliJ IDEA) (manual) ... caide (Visual Studio, CodeLite) ... JHelper (AppCode, CLion)Great tools that parse contests, inline library codes and provide testing frameworks. They save you from spending your precious time on switching windows and copy-pasting back and forth.★★☆Codeforces Parsers: ... Codeforces Parser... GoCF ... cfparser (emacs)These tools parse Codeforces contest problems and help run sample tests.★★★The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS)A stunning encyclopedia with a database of countless integer sequences. It also features a powerful search engine. Sometimes a seemingly difficult combinatorics problem could be equivalent to a simple or studied integer sequence.★★☆Syntax Highlighters: ... tohtml.com ... markup.su ... hilite.meVery handy for creating slides or team notebooks with pretty, formatted code snippets. Just copy the highlighted code snippets and paste them in your favorite WYSIWYG (What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get) editor!★★☆Code Sharing: ... Ideone.com ... Pastebin.com ... Ubuntu PastebinThese tools generate semi-permanent pages for code sharing. Very useful especially when you're trying to get someone else to look into your code.★★☆IneffableA simple command-line grader for local grading.★★☆uDebugA platform that provides expected outputs for user-specified inputs to problems on the UVa Online Judge. Some problems also provide additional test cases for debugging.Contest Preparation☆NameDescription★★★polygonpolygon provides a platform and a rich set of tools for professional contest preparation. ... An example: Validators with testlib.h — Codeforces★★☆Graph EditorA fantasic tool to create and visualize graphs.★★☆tcframeA C++ framework for generating test cases of competitive programming problems.★★★Virtual Judge (vjudge)Virtual Judge (vjudge) allows users to create virtual contests with problems from notable problem archives.★★☆BNU Online JudgeBNU Online Judge also allows users to create virtual contests.★★☆KattisKattis assists in contest preparation (E-mail them for assistance).CommunityMeet the god-like competitive programmers!Learn helpful tips, tutorials and insights from these people :)BlogsName (Handle)Blog NameCodeforces blogsPetr Mitrichev (Petr)Algorithms WeeklyMakoto Soejima (rng_58)rng_58's blogBruce Merry (bmerry)Entropy always increasesPrzemysław Dębiak (SomeGuyTookMyHandle)Psyho's blogAnudeep Nekkanti (anudeep2011)Namespace Anudeep ;)vexorian (vexorian)vexorian's blogAshar Fuadi (fushar)Fushar's blogLiJie Chen (WJMZBMR)WJMZBMR (Chinese)Huang I-Wen (doreamon, dreamoon)小月的耍廢日誌 (Chinese)Shiang-Yun Yang (morris1028)Morris' Blog (Chinese)Yuhao Du (TooDifficuIt, TooSimple, xudyh)xudyh (Chinese)Youtube and LivestreamsName (Handle)LinkPetr Mitrichev (Petr)YoutubeEgor Kulikov (Egor)YoutubeAdam Bardashevich (subscriber)YoutubeBohdan Pryshchenko (I_love_Tanya_Romanova)Twitch, YoutubeVladimir Smykalov (enot.1.10)Twitch, YoutubeAleksandar Abas (Alex7)YoutubeMostafa Saad Ibrahim (mostafa.saad.fci)Competitive Programming Youtube (Arabic Speech-English Text)Tushar RoyYoutube, with many tutorial videos.QuoraVisit Competitive Programming — Quora (Top 10 Most Viewed Writers).Important Community FiguresDescriptionBill PoucherExecutive Director of ACM-ICPC. CS Professor at Baylor University.Michal Forišek (misof)Organizer of IPSC and IOI. CS Teacher at Comenius University in Slovakia. Algorithm and CS Education Researcher. Former highly-rated competitive programmer.Ahmed Aly (ahmed_aly)Founder of A2OJ. HackerRank Lead Software Engineer. Former member of the Google Code Jam team.Competitive ProgrammersThanh Trung Nguyen (I_love_Hoang_Yen)Brian Bi (bbi5291)Jonathan Paulson (jonathanpaulson)Miguel Oliveira (mogers)Egor Suvorov (yeputons)Michal Danilák (Mimino)Bohdan Pryshchenko (I_love_Tanya_Romanova)Vladimir Novakovski (vnovakovski)Nick Wu (xiaowuc1)Cosmin NegruseriLalit Kundu (darkshadows)Ashish Kedia (ashish1294)Johnny Ho (random.johnnyh)Joshua Pan (lonerz)Anudeep Nekkanti (anudeep2011)Steven Hao (stevenkplus)Raziman T.V. (razimantv)Other Awesome ResourcesArticlesInformative and helpful articlesSubjectOverview of Programming Contests, by Przemysław Dębiak (Psyho, SomeGuyTookMyHandle)The 'science' of training in competitive programming — Codeforces, by Thanh Trung Nguyen (I_love_Hoang_Yen)If you ask me how to improve your algorithm competition skill, I will give you the link of this blog. — Codeforces, by Huang I-Wen (dreamoon, doreamon)How to prepare for ACM — ICPC? — GeeksforGeeks, by Vishwesh ShrimaliComplete reference to competitive programming — HackerEarth, by Ravi OjhaGetting started with the sport of competitive programming — HackerEarth, by Triveni MahathaFAQsFine answers to frequently-asked questionsQuestionHow do I start competitive programming? — QuoraHow can I become good at competitive programming? — Quora ... What is the best strategy to improve my skills in competitive programming in 2-3 months? — Quora ... What is a good 6 month plan to start and progress through competitive programming? — QuoraHow is competitive programming different from real-life programming? — QuoraWhat have you gained from competitive programming? — QuoraAwesome ListsRelevant awesome listsNameLinkC++ BooksThe Definitive C++ Book Guide and List — Stack OverflowJava BooksWhat are the best books to learn Java? — QuoraAdvanced Java BooksWhat is the best book for advanced Java programming? — QuoraAlgorithmstayllan/awesome-algorithmsAlgorithm Visualizationenjalot/algovisMathrossant/awesome-mathC++fffaraz/awesome-cppJavaakullpp/awesome-javaCoursesprakhar1989/awesome-coursesFree Programming Booksvhf/free-programming-booksInterview QuestionsNameDescriptionCareerCupThe most popular website for software engineering interview preparation.InterviewBitFeatures intriguing and refreshing game-play designs which are designed to invoke one's interest in practicing.Awesome InterviewsA curated list of awesome interview questions

Climate change has a scientific meaning that is relevant and AGW Anthropogenic Global Warming is only pseudo science as the hypothesis of human caused climate effects is unproven and false.Climate change is any significant long-term change in the expected patterns of average weather of a region (or the whole Earth) over a significant period of time. Climate change is about abnormal variations to the climate, and the effects of these variations on other parts of the Earth.Wikipedia.As a matter of science the modest warming of the past 100 years is not climate change and is not caused by human emissions of minute amounts of Co2 plant food .Yes, about 1 C global warming in 140 years, and almost no warming for the past 20 years! And this somehow qualifies as "climate disruption" worthy of abolishing our modern energy infrastructure & going back to 1700s to rely on power of windmills. We got scared by computer models!5:47 PM - 26 Feb 2019WHAT DO SCIENTISTS SAY ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE BY RICHARD LINDZEN MIT ASTROPHYSISTThe paperThe paper, published recently in the journal “Environment Pollution and Climate Change,” was written by Ned Nikolov, a Ph.D. in physical science, and Karl Zeller, retired Ph.D. research meteorologist.The prevailing theory on the earth’s temperature is that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere, and then greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane and water vapor trap part of that energy by preventing it from escaping back into space.That theory, which underpins the anthropogenic global-warming hypothesis and the climate models used by the United Nations, was first proposed and developed in the 19th century.However, the experiments on which it was based involved glass boxes that retain heat by preventing the mixing of air inside the box with air outside the box.The truth about global warming is no further than the WND Superstore, where “Climategate,” “The Greatest Hoax,” and more publications are available.The experiment is not analogous to what occurs in the real atmosphere, which does not have walls or a lid, according to Nikolov and Zeller.The new paper, headlined “New Insights on the Physical Nature of the Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Deduced from an Empirical Planetary Temperature Model,” argues that greenhouse theory is incorrect.“This was not a pre-conceived conclusion, but a result from an objective analysis of vetted NASA observations,” Nikolov told WND.The real mechanisms that control the temperature of the planet, they say, are the sun’s energy and the air pressure of the atmosphere. The same applies to other celestial bodies, according to the scientists behind the paper.Read more at Study blows 'greenhouse theory out of the water' - WNDThe problem is the public have been misled about AGW. They think: CO2 is a known cause of atmospheric warming. This was discovered in the early 19th century and never disproven.Wrong, the old greenhouse theory of the 1800s was first discarded in 1909 and disproven by a number of peer reviewed research papers in recent times which I will share with readers.The hypothesis of humans causing climate change is derived from research 100 years ago that has been distorted and abandoned as false. Continuing to blame humans for severe weather both hot and cold is a scam advanced by the UN who have an alternative agenda to redistribute wealth globally and to create One World Government. Big media have become propagandists not ethical journalist, including the NY Times.SUMMARYThe replacement of the accumulated discoveries of meteorology described in Chapter 1 by global climate models based on atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide was motivated by an environmentalist delusion that human activity was exclusively responsible for the climate.The presumed pioneers, Fourier and Pouillet, were only concerned with water vapour. Tyndall showed that water vapour was far more important than carbon dioxide. Yet the wrong greenhouse gas has been chosen, purely because its concentration can be blamed on human activity.Arrhenius ignored the advice of these pioneers and failed to realise that Langley’s measurements which he used did not include carbon dioxide absorption; so his results were for water vapour instead. All subsequent advocates for an important role for carbon dioxide have failed to realise this.They wrongly rely on Joseph Fourier in 1824, John Tyndall in 1860, and by Svante Arrhenius in 1896.The presumed pioneers, Fourier and Pouillet, were only concerned with water vapour. Tyndall showed that water vapour was far more important than carbon dioxide. Yet the wrong greenhouse gas has been chosen, purely because its concentration can be blamed on human activity.Arrhenius ignored the advice of these pioneers and failed to realise that Langley’s measurements which he used did not include carbon dioxide absorption; so his results were for water vapour instead. All subsequent advocates for an important role for carbon dioxide have failed to realise this.1. The settled science that a greenhouse warms up due to re-radiated light (energy), as set out by Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), Arrhenius (1896), NASA (2008), et al., is false.2. CHAPTER 5 :THE GREENHOUSE EFFECTTHE REAL GREENHOUSEA real greenhouse is a confined sector of the real climate described in Chapter 1. It receives sunlight through glass panels but it protects from atmospheric circulation and from precipitation and thus is able to maintain a higher temperature than the outside climate which is cooled by these effects.Otherwise it behaves in exactly the same way as outside. The sun`s rays are absorbed at the base and the frame and so raise its temperature. It is cooled when the air above is warmed and rises by convection. It is also cooled when water is evaporated and the air becomes more humid. Eventually all the air in the greenhouse has a higher temperature than the outside, where it would be cooled if escaped. The infrared radiation from the ground and from the atmosphere cannot pass through the glass. But they are not reflected as Fourier and others have surmised. They are absorbed and so heat the surface, then cooled by outside convection and outwards radiation.As greenhouses are not insulated the frame is warmed and is cooled by the outside air circulation and precipitation. At night or when the sun does not shine the frame cools by convection and radiation. The air inside also cools but some heat is transferred to the base by deposition of dew when the humidity falls. Internal radiation plays a small but negligible part. Infra red from the base is merely absorbed by the frame and the glass but it is not reflected as Fourier surmised, but the absorbed heat is mainly lost by external convection of the frame.SUMMARYThe replacement of the accumulated discoveries of meteorology described in Chapter 1 by global climate models based on atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide was motivated by an environmentalist delusion that human activity was exclusively responsible for the climate.The presumed pioneers in the last century, Fourier and Pouillet, were only concerned with water vapour. Tyndall showed that water vapour was far more important than carbon dioxide. Yet the wrong greenhouse gas has been chosen, purely because its concentration can be blamed on human activity.Arrhenius ignored the advice of these pioneers and failed to realise that Langley’s measurements which he used did not include carbon dioxide absorption; so his results were for water vapour instead. All subsequent advocates for an important role for carbon dioxide have failed to realise this.They wrongly rely on Joseph Fourier in 1824, John Tyndall in 1860, and by Svante Arrhenius in 1896.The presumed pioneers, Fourier and Pouillet, were only concerned with water vapour. Tyndall showed that water vapour was far more important than carbon dioxide. Yet the wrong greenhouse gas has been chosen, purely because its concentration can be blamed on human activity.Arrhenius ignored the advice of these pioneers and failed to realise that Langley’s measurements which he used did not include carbon dioxide absorption; so his results were for water vapour instead. All subsequent advocates for an important role for carbon dioxide have failed to realise this.The settled science that a greenhouse warms up due to re-radiated light (energy), as set out by Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), Arrhenius (1896), NASA (2008), et al., is false.CHAPTER 5 :THE GREENHOUSE EFFECTCHAPTER 5 :THE GREENHOUSE EFFECTThe alarmists fail to offer any modern references supportive of anthropogenic (i.e. man made causes.) This is the reason that 2000 IPCC scientists researching the very issue of human caused climate activity found none in their summary report in 1995 -1. “None of the studies cited above has shown clear evidence that we can attribute the observed (climate) changes to the specific cause of increases in greenhouse gases.”2. “No study to date has positively attributed all or part (of observed climate change) to anthropogenic (i.e. man-made) causes.”3. “Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the natural variability of the climate system are reduced.”The uncertainties of the IPCC working group 1 continue without any peer reviewed studies. Yet the public are bamboozled by the lies of Al Gore and other alarmists on this issue."If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it."“WE need to get some broad based support,to capture the public’s imagination…So we have to offer up scary scenarios,make simplified, dramatic statementsand make little mention of any doubts…Each of us has to decide what the right balanceis between being effective and being honest.“– Prof. Stephen Schneider,Stanford Professor of Climatology,lead author of many IPCC reportsAll the peer reviewed science today supports the conclusion of the IPCC working group 1 “No study to date has positively attributed all or part (of observed climate change) to anthropogenic (i.e. man-made) causes,” also the skeptical view of Dr. Kary Mullis Nobel Laureate.Nobel Laureate Dr. Kary Mullis is correct in his assessment of the current state of climate science, describing it as a "Joke".As he correctly points out, there is no scientific evidence whatever that our CO2 is, or can ever "drive" climate change.There is also no published empirical scientific evidence that any CO2, whether natural or man-made, causes warming in the troposphere.MAJOR PEER REVIEW STUDIES THAT DEMOLISH THE OLD ARRHENIUS SCIENCEThe greenhouse gas effect is fictitious.GERMAN CLIMATE RESEARCH PAPERFalsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of PhysicsGerhard Gerlich, Ralf D. Tscheuschner(Submitted on 8 Jul 2007 (v1), last revised 4 Mar 2009 (this version, v4))The atmospheric greenhouse effect, an idea that many authors trace back to the traditional works of Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), and Arrhenius (1896), and which is still supported in global climatology, essentially describes a fictitious mechanism, [Emphasis added] in which a planetary atmosphere acts as a heat pump driven by an environment that is radiatively interacting with but radiatively equilibrated to the atmospheric system. According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist. Nevertheless, in almost all texts of global climatology and in a widespread secondary literature it is taken for granted that such mechanism is real and stands on a firm scientific foundation. In this paper the popular conjecture is analyzed and the underlying physical principles are clarified. By showing that (a) there are no common physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effects, (b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 degrees Celsius is a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified.115 pages, 32 figures, 13 tables (some typos corrected)Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (http://physics.ao-ph)Journal reference: Int.J.Mod.Phys.B23:275-364,2009DOI: 10.1142/S021797920904984XCite as: arXiv:0707.1161 [http://physics.ao-ph](or arXiv:0707.1161v4 [http://physics.ao-ph] for this version)PEER REVIEWIzvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics is a peer reviewed journal. We use a double blind peer review format. Our team of reviewers includes 75 reviewers, both internal and external (90%). The average period from submission to first decision in 2017 was 30 days, and that from first decision to acceptance was 30 days. The rejection rate for submitted manuscripts in 2017 was 20%. The final decision on the acceptance of an article for publication is made by the Editorial Board.Greenhouse Gas Climate Science Is Broken Beyond RepairPublished on July 30, 2018Written by Hans SchreuderIn earlier centuries, science had a positive influence on society in developing social awareness around objectivity and rationality.It replaced the witchcraft and hocus pocus of charlatans with evaluation of objective evidence as the means of determining truth. But now, science is leading the pack for charlatanism and witchcraft, as junk science is acquiring a greater legitimacy than the charlatans ever had.Wherever there is corruption in science the most important, underlying facts are contrived, while science is applied to more superficial elements of the subject. Omitting the science where it is most relevant isn’t an error, it is fraud. That’s why the word fraud must be used in describing the major corruptions of science.Nowadays, science bureaucrats require that every detail of research be described in grant proposals; and in the laboratory, the researchers can do nothing but fill in the blanks with numbers. The claim is that doing otherwise would be defrauding the public. So the research has to be done at a desk instead of the laboratory.Science bureaucrats are not politicians. They are scientists who put themselves in competition with the scientists in the laboratories. The editors and reviewers of science journals do the same. The result is that the laboratory scientists are dominated by office scientists who dictate how their work will be designed and reported.Madness has taken over the western world, an insanity that demands we destroy ourselves over the ludicrous claim that a tiny increase of a trace gas (carbon dioxide) has endangered the world due to an even more ludicrous “atmospheric greenhouse effect“.Let me therefore conclude my “I Love My Carbon Dioxide” mission by stating the following, which is in the tradition of proper science, not radiative forcing’s greenhouse effect pseudo-science:The settled science that a greenhouse warms up due to re-radiated light (energy), as set out by Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), Arrhenius (1896), NASA (2008), et al., is false.2 .Considering, therefore, that even inside an actual greenhouse with a barrier of solid glass no such phenomenon as a greenhouse effect occurs, most certainly there can be no greenhouse effect in our turbulent atmosphere.Energy can not be created from nothing, not even by means of re-radiated infra red. Widely accepted theory has it that more energy is re-radiated to earth than comes from the sun in the first place, amounting to almost an extra two suns. All materials above zero Kelvin radiate energy, yes, but energy does not flow from a cold body to a warm one and cause its temperature to rise.A block of ice in a room does not cause the room to warm up, despite the block of ice radiating its energy into the room.Yet carbon dioxide’s re-radiation of infrared energy warming up planet earth is the preposterous theory hailed by not only the alarmists, but accepted and elaborated by most skeptics as well, with mathematical theorems that do little more than calculate the number of fairies that can dance on a pinhead.The accepted carbon dioxide greenhouse theory is thus declared a complete and total scam, as more fully detailed in these papers, amongst many (and I salute all scientists who agree with these papers and will gladly publicise all papers on this subject) :“Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of Physics” https://tech-know-group.com/arch... and “Greenhouse Gas Hypothesis Violates Fundamentals of Physics”https://ilovemycarbondioxide.com...Hans SchreuderIpswich, UKwww.ilovemycarbondioxide.com/FAQ.htmlwww.ilovemycarbondioxide.com/carbondioxide.htmlLet’s suppose for the sake of argument there is a greenhouse effect, but the size of human emissions of Co2 at 400 parts per million ppm ‘near zero’ is too minute to have any physical effect on the climate. It is beyond imagination.How can this minuscule amount of human emissions be a heat trapping blanket? It is physically impossible!The yellow sphere in the next graph represents the amount of natural CO2 amongst the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the air. TRY TO APPLY THIS MINUTE AMOUNT OF CO2 TO THE NEXT GRAPH OF A GREENHOUSE COVERING THE EARTH WHEN HUMAN EMISSIONS ARE ONLY 3% OF NATURAL. Not possible to even imagine.There is too little Co2 to COVER ANYTHING this means carbon dioxide has nomeaningful role in the earth’s climate. The use of a greenhouse has a climate metaphor is the heart of great misunderstanding.The atmosphere of the planet is huge and notwithstanding our arrogance we are not a big factor.This graph shows the ratio of all Co2 to other gases at 1 to 2500.Ned Nikolov, Ph.D.@NikolovScienceA Ph.D. Physical Scientist with a broad range of interests in various fields of science, i.e. climate, cosmology, astrophysics, nutrition, archaeology etc.Why is Mt. Kilimanjaro, located at EQUATOR (3.0674° S) at 5,900 m above sea level, covered with permanent snow & glaciers, and has a mean T below 0 C? The reason is the thermal effect of the earth’s atmosphere is the control knob of earth’s temperature.This is a layman's summary of our new #climate concept emerging from analysis of recent NASA planetary observations from across the Solar System (including Earth) described in these papers: 1. https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2193-1801-3-723 … 2. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/New-Insights-on-the-Physical-Nature-of-the-Atmospheric-Greenhouse-Effect-Deduced-from-an-Empirical-Planetary-Temperature-Model.pdf …Dr. Willie Soon versus the Climate ApocalypseMore honesty and less hubris, more evidence and less dogmatism, would do a world of goodDr. Jeffrey Foss“What can I do to correct these crazy, super wrong errors?” Willie Soon asked plaintively in a recent e-chat. “What errors, Willie?” I asked.“Errors in Total Solar Irradiance,” he replied. “The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change keeps using the wrong numbers! It’s making me feel sick to keep seeing this error. I keep telling them – but they keep ignoring their mistake.”Astrophysicist Dr. Willie Soon really does get sick when he sees scientists veering off their mission: to discover the truth. I’ve seen his face flush with shock and shame for science when scientists cherry-pick data. It ruins his appetite – a real downer for someone who loves his food as much as Willie does.You have got to love a guy like that, if you love science – and I do. I’m a philosopher of science, not a scientist, but my love for science runs deep – as does my faith. So I cannot help but admire Willie and his good old-fashioned passion for science.Willie Soon may one day be a household name. More and more he appears at the pointy end of scientific criticism of Climate Apocalypse. In two recent lawsuits against Big Oil, one by New York City and the other by San Francisco and Oakland, Dr. Soon is named as the “paid agent” of “climate change denialism.” As the man who – Gasp! – single handedly convinced Big Oil to continue business as usual.Can you even imagine that? I can’t: Big Oil couldn’t turn off its taps in big cities even if it wanted to.Putting such silly lawsuits aside, it is a big honor, historically speaking, for Dr. Soon to be the face of scientific rebuttal of Climate Apocalypse, since feeding the developed world’s apocalypse addiction is the main tool of a powerful global political agenda.The IPCC – along with the United Nations and many environmentalist organizations, politicians, bureaucrats and their followers – desperately want to halt and even roll back development in the industrialized world, and keep Africa and other poor countries permanently undeveloped, while China races ahead. They want Willie silenced. We the people need to make sure he is heard.Dr. Soon never sought the job of defending us against the slick, computer model-driven, anti-fossil fuel certainties of Climate Apocalypse. Willie just happened to choose solar science as a career and, like many solar scientists, after nearly three decades of scientific research in his case, came to believe that changes in the sun’s brightness, sunspots and energy output, changes in the orbital position of the Earth relative to the sun, and other powerful natural forces drive climate change. In brief, our sun controls our climate.Even the IPCC initially indicated agreement with him, citing his work approvingly in its second (1996) and third (2001) Assessment Reports. That later changed, significantly. Sure, everyone agrees that the sun caused the waxing and waning of the ice ages, just as solar scientists say. However, the sun had to be played down if carbon dioxide (CO2) was to be played up – an abuse of science that makes Willie sick.Unfortunately for the IPCC, solar scientists think solar changes also explain Earth’s most recent warming period which, they point out, began way back in the 1830s – long before we burned enough fossil fuels to make any difference. They also observed the shrinking of the Martian ice-caps in the 1990s, and their return in the last few years – in perfect time with the waning and waxing of Arctic ice caps here on Earth.Only the sun – not the CO2 from our fires – could cause that Earth-Mars synchronicity. And surely it is no mere coincidence that a grand maximum in solar brightness (Total Solar Irradiance or TSI) took place in the 1990s as both planets’ ice caps shrank, or that the sun cooled (TSI decreased) as both planets’ ice caps grew once again. All that brings us back to Dr. Soon’s disagreements with the IPCC.The IPCC now insists that solar variability is so tiny that they can just ignore it, and proclaim CO2 emissions as the driving force behind climate change. But solar researchers long ago discovered unexpected variability in the sun’s brightness – variability that is confirmed in other stars of the sun’s type. Why does the IPCC ignore these facts? Why does it insist on spoiling Willie’s appetite?It sure looks like the IPCC is hiding the best findings of solar science so that it can trumpet the decreases in planetary warming (the so-called “greenhouse effect”) that they embed in the “scenarios” (as they call them) emanating from their computer models. Ignoring the increase in solar brightness over the 80s and 90s, they instead enthusiastically blame the warmth of the 1990s on human production of CO2.In just such ways they sell us their Climate Apocalypse – along with the roll-back of human energy use, comfort, living standards and progress: sacrifices that the great green gods of Gaia demand of us if we are to avoid existential cataclysms. Thankfully, virgins are still safe – for now.Surely Willie and solar scientists are right about the primacy of the sun. Why? Because the observable real world is the final test of science. And the data – actual evidence – shows that global temperatures follow changes in solar brightness on all time-scales, from decades to millions of years. On the other hand, CO2 and temperature have generally gone their own separate ways on these time scales.Global temperatures stopped going up in the first two decades of this century, even though CO2 has steadily risen. The IPCC blames this global warming “hiatus” on “natural climate variability,” meaning something random, something not included in their models, something the IPCC didn’t see coming.This confirms the fact that their models do not add up to a real theory of climate. Otherwise the theory would be falsified by their incorrect predictions. They predicted a continuous increase in temperature, locked to a continuous increase in CO2. But instead, temperature has remained steady over the last two decades, while CO2 climbed even faster than before.IPCC modelers still insist that the models are nevertheless correct, somehow – that the world would be even colder now if it weren’t for this pesky hiatus in CO2-driven warming. Of course, they have to say that – even though they previously insisted the Earth would not be as cool as it is right now.Still, their politically correct commands stridently persist: stay colder in winter, stay hotter in summer, take cold showers, drive less, make fewer trips, fly less, don’t eat foods that aren’t “local,” bury your loved ones in cardboard boxes, turn off the lights. Their list of diktats is big and continuously growing.Unlike the IPCC, Willie and I cannot simply ignore the fact that there were multiple ice ages millions of years ago, when CO2 levels were four times higher than now. And even when CO2 and temperature do trend in tandem, as in the famous gigantic graph in Al Gore’s movie, the CO2 rises followed temperature increases by a few centuries. That means rising CO2 could not possibly have caused the temperature increases – an inconvenient truth that Gore doesn’t care about and studiously ignores.Unfortunately, through their powerful political and media cadres, the IPCC has created a highly effective propaganda and war-on-fossil-fuels vehicle, to herd public opinion – and marginalize or silence any scientist who dares to disagree with it. For better or worse, richer or poorer, my dear, passionate Dr. Soon is one scientist who is always ready to stand in the path of that tank and face it down: anytime, anywhere.I’m frightened by the dangers to Willie, his family and his career, due to his daily battles with the Climate Apocalypse industry. I can’t get it out of my mind that the university office building of climatologist John Christy – who shares Willie’s skepticism of Climate Apocalypse – was shot full of bullet holes last year. But let’s not let a spattering of gunfire spoil a friendly scientific debate. Right?Willie’s courage makes me proud to know him, and to be an aficionado of science like he is. When it comes to the long game, my money is on Dr. Willie Soon. We the people hunger for truth, as does science itself. And that hunger will inevitably eclipse our romantic dalliance with the Climate Apocalypse.Dr. Jeffrey Foss is a philosopher of science and Professor Emeritus at the University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDr. Willie Soon versus the Climate ApocalypseYou like Dr Foss and Dr Willie Soon should not ignore the sun as it is the source of all energy on the earth.More peer reviewed research demolishing any effect of Co2 in the climate.Scrutinizing the atmospheric greenhouse effect and its climatic impactFull-Text HTMLDownload as PDF (Size:13770KB) PP. 971-998DOI: 10.4236/ns.2011.312124 16,038 Downloads 38,002 Views CitationsAuthor(s) Leave a commentGerhard Kramm, Ralph DlugiABSTRACTIn this paper, we scrutinize two completely different explanations of the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect: First, the explanation of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and the World Meteorological Organization (W?MO) quan- tifying this effect by two characteristic temperatures, secondly, the explanation of Ramanathan et al. [1] that is mainly based on an energy-flux budget for the Earth-atmosphere system. Both explanations are related to the global scale. In addition, we debate the meaning of climate, climate change, climate variability and climate variation to outline in which way the atmospheric greenhouse effect might be responsible for climate change and climate variability, respectively. In doing so, we distinguish between two different branches of climatology, namely 1) physical climatology in which the boundary conditions of the Earth-atmosphere system play the dominant role and 2) statistical climatology that is dealing with the statistical description of fortuitous weather events which had been happening in climate periods; each of them usually comprises 30 years. Based on our findings, we argue that 1) the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect cannot be proved by the statistical description of fortuitous weather events that took place in a climate period, 2) the description by AMS and W?MO has to be discarded because of physical reasons, 3) energy-flux budgets for the Earth-atmosphere system do not provide tangible evidence that the atmospheric greenhouse effect does exist. Because of this lack of tangible evidence it is time to acknowledge that the atmospheric greenhouse effect and especially its climatic impact are based on meritless conjectures. [Emphasis added]Cite this paperKramm, G. and Dlugi, R. (2011) Scrutinizing the atmospheric greenhouse effect and its climatic impact. Natural Science, 3, 971-998. doi: 10.4236/ns.2011.312124.100 + References accessible at website.