Metabolic Monitoring Form (1: Fill & Download for Free

Originally answered “How do neural cells keep their lifespan longer than other cells?”Good question. I don’t know the whole answer. Part of it, I feel sure, is that they’re surrounded by a dense swarm of nurses and assistants, the glial cells, much like a queen termite surrounded by her attendant workers and guards, meeting her every need and keeping Her Highness alive for 25 to 50 years.The “queen neuron” is attended by six kinds of glial cells. The first four are in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocytes wrap around their axons with several layers of insulation, like electrical tape wrapped around and around a wire. Beside their primary effects in making signal conduction faster and the neuron more metabolically efficient, they would be a difficult barrier for pathogens to breach, thus keeping them away from the nerve fibers.Microglia wander about amid the neurons, reaching out with cellular fingers that incessantly probe the intercellular spaces for signs of trouble. Their constant patrolling is said to perform a complete checkup on the brain several times a day. Like the brain’s little janitors, they clean up cellular debris, phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign matter, aid in synaptic remodeling, and constantly “update” the synaptic circuitry among neurons.Astrocytes cover all other surfaces of a neuron except at points of synaptic contact with neighboring neurons. Like the queen termite’s workers, they feed the neurons, converting blood glucose to lactate and transferring that to the neurons as their primary energy substrate. They secrete nerve growth factors that stimulate neuron development and maintenance. They stimulate the blood vessels to produce a protective blood–brain barrier[1] (good for the neurons but unfortunate for neuropharmaceutical treatment including chemotherapy). They monitor the activity of the neurons and adjust blood flow to their fluctuating needs. They communicate electrically with the neurons and fine-tune their synaptic communication. They absorb and recycle the breakdown products of neurotransmitters and the potassium ions released by signaling neurons, preventing them from building to neurotoxic levels. If some neurons are damaged—say by stroke, trauma, or infection—they form supportive scar tissue to maintain structural integrity and prevent damage from spreading to healthy neurons.Ependymal cells line the internal chambers and canals of the brain and spinal cord and secrete much of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that constantly washes the brain, carries away metabolites, stabilizes the chemical composition of the brain’s tissue fluid, buoys up the brain and bears its weight, and acts as a shock absorber to minimize risk of brain trauma from jolts to the head.The other two glial cell types are in the peripheral nervous system (PNS):Schwann cells serve the same insulating and protective role as the CNS’s oligodendrocytes.Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in the ganglia and regulate their chemical environment.Cerebral histology. Neuropil is the dense tangle of neuron dendrites and axons. Glial cells outnumber neurons at least 10 to 1.Astrocytes (A) reaching out to blood vessels (V), which respond by forming a protective blood-brain barrier.Neurons (violet) and microglia (arrows). Microglia are the brain’s little janitors, wandering around, probing the tissue, and cleaning it up.Satellite cells surrounding neuron cell bodies in a PNS ganglion.Artistic conception of neuroglia–neuron relationships in the brain.*****Illustration creditsQueen termite: Shutterstock, Queen Termite Images, Stock Photos & VectorsCerebral histology: https://quizlet.com/122309218/central-nervous-system-histology-flash-cards/Astrocytes: Lab 1 Neurohistology - NeurogliaNeurons and microglia: Figure 1: Lectin staining of microglia (brown) in the normal cerebral...Satellite cells: Lab 1 Neurohistology - GangliaArtistic conception: K.S. Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology—The Unity of Form and Function, 9th ed. (McGraw-Hill, 2021)Footnotes[1] Where is the blood-brain barrier, and what does it look like?

Don't smoke. If you've started stop, immediatelyDiseased Pictures.com.Do you like lying in the sun?Think you look great with a tan? Maybe you go to a tanning parlor?All the diamonds in world, all the monitors in the world, all the iPads in world, can't cure the stupidity of wanting a tan when you reach 69.Ask me. I'll tell you all about it. If you don't think showing you these pictures took every ounce of courage I have, then you don't know one thing about me. If you understand how much it did, then you know how much I want you to listen and how much it means to me that you do.I was stupid. I didn't listen. Do you want wrinkles and thin skin from sun damage like I have and do you want bruises from just lightly touching the side of a box and having your skin peel off?Go ahead, enjoy lying in the sun without sunblock. There was none when I was growing up but I sure as hell had a great tan.Do you think I'm not sitting here with tears in my eyes because I know you won't listen, then you know nothing about me my fellow Quorans.Don't gain weight. Exercise. Keep your weight at a normal level that's good for your body. Weight does all kinds of bad things for you body.I've been fat, I've been thin, thin is healthier.I know that everyone has their own opinion on this subject so I went to the NIH and got theirs.What Are the Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity?Being overweight or obese isn't a cosmetic problem. These conditions greatly raise your risk for other health problems.Overweight and Obesity-Related Health Problems in AdultsCoronary Heart DiseaseAs your body mass index rises, so does your risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a condition in which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart.Plaque can narrow or block the coronary arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) or a heart attack. (Angina is chest pain or discomfort.)Obesity also can lead to heart failure. This is a serious condition in which your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs.High Blood PressureBlood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.Your chances of having high blood pressure are greater if you're overweight or obese.StrokeBeing overweight or obese can lead to a buildup of plaque in your arteries. Eventually, an area of plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form.If the clot is close to your brain, it can block the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain and cause a stroke. The risk of having a stroke rises as BMI increases.Type 2 DiabetesDiabetes is a disease in which the body's blood glucose, or blood sugar, level is too high. Normally, the body breaks down food into glucose and then carries it to cells throughout the body. The cells use a hormone called insulin to turn the glucose into energy.In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells don't use insulin properly. At first, the body reacts by making more insulin. Over time, however, the body can't make enough insulin to control its blood sugar level.Diabetes is a leading cause of early death, CHD, stroke, kidney disease, and blindness. Most people who have type 2 diabetes are overweight.Abnormal Blood FatsIf you're overweight or obese, you're at increased risk of having abnormal levels of blood fats. These include high levels of triglycerides and LDL ("bad") cholesterol and low levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol.Abnormal levels of these blood fats are a risk factor for CHD. For more information about triglycerides and LDL and HDL cholesterol, go to the Health Topics High Blood Cholesterol article.Metabolic SyndromeMetabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes and stroke.You can develop any one of these risk factors by itself, but they tend to occur together. A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is made if you have at least three of the following risk factors:A large waistline. This is called abdominal obesity or "having an apple shape." Having extra fat in the waist area is a greater risk factor for CHD than having extra fat in other parts of the body, such as on the hips.A higher than normal triglyceride level (or you're on medicine to treat high triglycerides).A lower than normal HDL cholesterol level (or you're on medicine to treat low HDL cholesterol).Higher than normal blood pressure (or you're on medicine to treat high blood pressure).Higher than normal fasting blood sugar (or you're on medicine to treat diabetes).CancerBeing overweight or obese raises your risk for colon, breast, endometrial, and gallbladder cancers.OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis is a common joint problem of the knees, hips, and lower back. The condition occurs if the tissue that protects the joints wears away. Extra weight can put more pressure and wear on joints, causing pain.Sleep ApneaSleep apnea is a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep.A person who has sleep apnea may have more fat stored around the neck. This can narrow the airway, making it hard to breathe.Obesity Hypoventilation SyndromeObesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a breathing disorder that affects some obese people. In OHS, poor breathing results in too much carbon dioxide (hypoventilation) and too little oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia).OHS can lead to serious health problems and may even cause death.Reproductive ProblemsObesity can cause menstrual issues and infertility in women.GallstonesGallstones are hard pieces of stone-like material that form in the gallbladder. They're mostly made of cholesterol. Gallstones can cause stomach or back pain.People who are overweight or obese are at increased risk of having gallstones. Also, being overweight may result in an enlarged gallbladder that doesn't work well.Overweight and Obesity-Related Health Problems in Children and TeensOverweight and obesity also increase the health risks for children and teens. Type 2 diabetes once was rare in American children, but an increasing number of children are developing the disease.Also, overweight children are more likely to become overweight or obese as adults, with the same disease risks.The best things you can do at age thirty to be great at 50 or 69 are all of the above and laugh, laugh, laugh. Laugh at yourself, laugh at the absurdity of life, laugh at the goodness and the badness of every situation because guess what, everything changes so don't worry as much as you do.If you could see me now, I'm down on my poor, crackling knees begging you to at least consider stopping smoking, stopping tanning and starting to lose weight and exercise. I'm asking you to do this with all my heart.

Image source: Fasting, longevity, and telomeres: The regenerating effects of prolonged fasting - Hack your gutAnti-aging medicine is watching out for new treatments that can prolong life. However, this is not just one “breakthrough”, but rather a number of factors that in combination lead to longevity.Resveratrol. Resveratrol, the supplement from red grape skin can also stimulate your mitochondria metabolism. Exercise more and regularly as this will also stimulate your mitochondria to multiply similar to the effects of PQQ. I take 500 mg of resveratrol concentrate once daily. Ray Schilling's answer to In what year will an anti-aging drug be released to the world?Exercise regularly. We know that regular exercise will prevent about 50% of chronic diseases (diabetes, heart failure, arthritis). This prolongs life. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases.When you enter menopause or andropause replace missing hormones with bioidentical hormones. This will add 10–15 years of good life. This information comes from the anti-aging medicine circles and European studies of women on bioidentical hormone replacement. Here is a more conservative opinion from a US review: Counseling Postmenopausal Women about Bioidentical Hormones: Ten Discussion Points for Practicing Physicians.Abandon sugar, starchy foods (potatoes, pasta, rice, pastries and bread) and processed food. Avoid these foods for a healthier heart - Harvard Health.Find out whether you are deficient in human growth hormone or not by taking an IGF-1 blood test. Dr. Hertoghe, an endocrinologist from Belgium said at various anti-aging conferences that HGH by itself prolongs life by about 15 to 20 years or more. I am injecting HGH myself regularly and my anti-aging physician orders my IGF-1 level to monitor the right dosage of it. But it is crucial that the physician supervise the patient and that IGF-1 levels are kept in the high normal range by giving only minimal amounts of HGH. This is also re-emphasized in this review: Growth Hormone and Aging: Updated Review. When you overdose HGH, you lose all of the beneficial effects.Fasting mimicking diet (FMD). Fasting for Longevity: 9 Questions for Dr. Valter D. Longo. When you consume only 500 to 600 calories daily for 5 days out of every month you are stimulating your telomeres (the caps on your chromosomes) to grow a little bit longer. Longer telomeres translate into longer life expectancy. But your stem cells anywhere in your body are also stimulated. Here is more information: fasting mimicking diet for 5 days every month.Lifestyle factors: don’t smoke. Keep your body mass index in the 21.0 to 22.0 range. Get enough sleep (7–8 hours every night). Use a form of relaxing exercise (yoga, self-hypnosis, meditation, Tai-Chi). This will keep the stress hormone cortisol under control; if it is constantly high from ongoing stress, it leads to premature deaths. The Science of STRESS - SLMAIf you take key vitamins and minerals every day you can add another 5 to 10 years of disease-free life to your life expectancy. Ray Schilling's answer to Is taking vitamin supplements helpful or quackery?All of these factors taken together are the “most exciting breakthrough” in longevity research.