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Name: Choi YubinAge: 20Gender: MaleDate of birth: October 18, 1999Place of birth: DaeguNationality: KoreanPosition: Main rapper, lead dancer, leaderInspirations: Suga (BTS), Kai (EXO), JB (Got7), Zico (Block B)Fav groups: Got7, BTS, Red Velvet, TwiceStrengthsRap game, one of the strongest in the 4th genVersatility as a dancer, able to adapt to any techniqueTalented artist, draws or paints for fun; often doodles during VlivesSongwriting; most of his raps are self-written and he’s credited as a lyricist on most of his group’s songsHis outgoing and energetic personalityAble to befriend anyone he vibes with the mostClose to his family, especially his siblingsFluent in Korean, Japanese and EnglishWeaknessesStruggles to keep up with his group at times, particularly during practice or rehearsalsQuestionable vocals, especially in live settingsCan be awfully cocky and overzealous at timesMay or may not be selfishSets his expectations too high, setting himself up for disappointmentBackgroundBefore he became a trainee, Yubin had spent his entire life in Daegu with his family. He is the middle child in a family of 5. At first, he wanted to become a footballer but changed his mind at the age of 12. He started auditioning for various companies, eventually being accepted by JYP Entertainment when he was 14. He then left Daegu to pursue his dream. He had auditioned as a rapper, but he was also trained to dance during his trainee days. He left JYP in late 2017 for some inexplicable reason. Some say this was due to him not being chosen as a Stray Kids member (something he denies to this day, there’s no bad blood between him and SKZ), others believe he left due to disagreements with a fellow trainee who did not make the cut as well.He joined Cube shortly afterwards, and after 2 more years of training, he finally debuted in a 7-member group called Breaktime. This group has five Koreans, one of whom was born and raised in Los Angeles, and two Japanese members. Their fandom name is Play (cos you play during break time lol). He was chosen as the leader, not just because he was the eldest, but because of his six years of training experience.As the leader, Yubin’s usually the first to speak for his group during interviews and variety shows. He’s also really close to some fellow 99-liners; he’s part of a group chat with Thomas (his American bandmate), Yeri, Mark, Yuqi, Chaeyoung, Yeonjun, Chuu and Changbin. Despite not being the visual, he’s one of the more attractive members and he’s quite the launcher of a thousand ships lol. Not only is he shipped with his bandmates, but Plays have shipped him with Shuhua, Tzuyu, Yeji and Jinsoul. And these are only the most popular Yubin ships. He actually has a secret crush on Nancy from Momoland. That said, he and his boys aren’t allowed to date for a couple of years.Yubin has considered some acting as a side gig, but he believes his own future lies in production or even a solo rap career, particularly since he’s so passionate about music and rap. He’s ambitious and visionary as well. One of his biggest visions is a Cube Ent. collab stage with fellow Cube idols and artists.

This is a good question, let's enumerate some important laws which came in the newspapers in the past 12 months.We shall make this post crowd-sourced. And we are planning to reward our contributors by giving them credits* -Detailed Well Presented 100 word Explanation - 2000Giving Valid Links and a Small Brief - 1000Giving Names of New Laws - 500Contributors (As of now) - Jai Parimi, Divya Malika, Prasanna, Ashutosh Pandey, Arihant Pawariya (अरिहंत पावङिया), Divya Choudhary (दिव्या चौधरी), Varsha Singh, Priyanka Peeramsetty, User, Gaurav Kumar, Jagannadh, Arpit Pareek, Nikhil Deshmukh, Harshit Ladva1) The National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill, 2014 and the 99th Constitutional AmendmentA bill to provide for the composition of the Judicial Appointments Commission for the purpose of recommending persons for appointment as Chief Justice of India and other Judges of the Supreme Court, Chief Justices and other Judges of High Courts, its functions, procedure to be followed by it and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.Key Issues and AnalysisThe current method of appointments has been examined by various bodies including the Law Commission and the Parliamentary Standing Committee. They vary in the role of the executive and judiciary in making appointments of judges.The composition of the JAC has not been included in the Constitution, but has been left for Parliament to decide by law. This implies that modifying the composition of the JAC would not require a constitutional amendment, but may be altered by a simple majority in Parliament.The Standing Committee examining the JAC Bill has recommended that (i) the JAC be composed of three eminent persons, (ii) the broad parameters for short listing of candidates for HC appointments be laid down in the Bill, and (iii) the center also consider the setting up of state level appointments commissions comprising the Chief Minister, the Chief Justice of HC and the Leader of Opposition.2) Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Reservation Act, 2013Objective - The principle objective of the new bill is fair compensation, thorough resettlement and rehabilitation of those affected, adequate safeguards for their well-being and complete transparency in the process of land acquisition. The title has been amended to reflect this.Need - There is unanimity of opinion across the social and political spectrum that the Old Law (The Land Acquisition Act 1894) suffers from various shortcomings and is outdated. Some of these include Forced acquisitions, No safeguards, Silent on resettlement and rehabilitation of those displaced, Urgency clause, Low rates of compensation, Litigation. To say the least, the Old Act needs to be replaced at the earliest by fair, reasonable and rational enactment in tune with the constitutional provisions, particularly, Article 300A of the Constitution.Link - Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 20133) Companies Act, 2013 (CSR Pref)Objective - Effective from financial year 2014-15, every company, private limited or public limited, which either has a net worth of Rs 500 crore or a turnover of Rs 1,000 crore or net profit of Rs 5 crore, needs to spend at least 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility activities.Impact - The CSR activities undertaken by the companies will benefit hunger and poverty eradication, promoting preventive healthcare, promoting education and promoting gender equality, setting up homes for women, orphans and the senior citizens, measures for reducing inequalities faced by socially and economically backward groups, ensuring environmental sustainability and ecological balance, animal welfare, protection of national heritage and art and culture and many more.Link - Companies Act, 2013, Companies - It's a good articlePRSIndia– This describes the whole of companies act – Checkpoint 135 for CSR4) Right to Information Act (RTI), 2005Objective - Landmark bill, which realized the Right to seek and access Information in line with the interpretation of Art.19(1)(a) of our constitution.Impact - Champion to ensure Transparency and accountability in the governance procedures. it enforces the right of every citizen of India to have an access to the information regarding any money given by the State to any authority, thereby causing such authority to utilize such money reasonably and judiciously and also for keeping a check over their conduct and indulgence in corrupt activities. In 2002, SC’s verdict gave the citizens have a right to know about charges against candidates for elections as well as details of their assets, since they desire to offer themselves for public service and public servants cannot claim exemption from disclosure of charges against them or details of their assets. It is a powerful tool which can be realised in changing social dynamics and needs.Criticism - Debates regarding the ambit of RTI’s scope have been articulated, to be extended, say to the political parties, temples, schools and also privatized public utility companies. Evidences of misusage have come to the limelight, say Naxalites using RTI’s to check the assets of local landlords to loot themGuide to RTI : Page on rti.gov.in5) Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Act, 2005Objective - The SEZ Act is expected to give a big thrust to exports and consequently to the foreign direct investment (“FDI”) inflows into India, and is considered to be one of the finest pieces of legislation that may well represent the future of the industrial development strategy in India. The new law is aimed at encouraging PPP to develop world-class infrastructure and attract private investment (domestic and foreign), boosting economic growth, exports and employmentImpact - The government gets the capital needed to establish the required infrastructure and also the expertise. SEZ’s with relaxed import tariffs help the Import dependent and export driven industries to flourish. SEZ’s create immense employment opportunities and improve the country’s foreign export.Criticism - Practical implementation witnesses several backlogs ranging from regional disparities, grabbing arable land, labour laws issues and supply chain management which fail to be addressed effectively through the bill6) Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013Objective -The government introduced the Bill to redefine the offence of rape and amend the penal laws in line with the recommendations of the Law Commission and the National Commission for Women. The government withdrew the previous Bill and Ordinance, and introduced the Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill, 2013. The changes wrt the ordinance in the act are:Impact - Popularly known as the Anti-rape bill, this came out of the protests of 2012 Delhi Gang rape case.Criticism - For not including certain suggestions recommended by the Verma Committee Report like, marital rape, reduction of age of consent, amending Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.Some detailed work: http://www.atimysore.gov.in/workshops/wppts/gender_issues/crim_law_amnd_2013_drjagadeesh_jsslaw_college.pdf7) Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013Objective - To provide protection against sexual harassment of women at workplace and for the prevention and redressal of complaints of sexual harassment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. the protection against sexual harassment and the right to work with dignity are universally recognized human rightsImpact - On a broader line, this ensures safe work environment for women against sexual abuse at work place and is capable of garnering a greater female work force and these are the Major features the act provides for.Criticism - It does not cover women in the armed forces and excludes women agricultural workers, "a gross injustice to agricultural workers. The burden of proof is on the women who complain of harassment. If found guilty of making a false complaint or giving false evidence, she could be prosecuted, which has raised concerns about women being even more afraid of reporting offences. Furthermore, the law requires a third-party NGO to be involved, which could make employers less comfortable in reporting grievances, due to confidentiality concerns.8) DNA Profiling Bill, 2012Purpose - DNA analysis makes it possible to determine whether the source of origin of one body substance is identical to that of another, and further to establish the biological relationship, if any, between two individuals, living or dead without any doubt.Tip - Lawful purposes of establishing identity in criminal or civil proceedings.Impact - It will be essential to establish standards for laboratories, staff qualifications, training, proficiency testing, collection of body substances, custody trail from collection to reporting and a Data Bank with policies of use and access to information therein, its retention and deletion.DNA Data Bank Manager will supervise, execute and maintain this system and a DNA Profiling Board of eminent scientists, administrators and Law enforcement officers will administer and carry out other functions assigned to it under this Act.Link - DNA Profiling Bill - PDF9) Nuclear Safety Regulatory Authority Bill, 2011Purpose - So far, India has excellent record in nuclear safety and radiation safety; but the Central Government intends to promote nuclear energy to meet shortfall in total energy requirement of the country; and whereas such excellent safety record in nuclear safety and radiation safety is required to be sustained for growth in the nuclear energy sector.Impact - Now, therefore, it has been considered necessary and expedient to establish regulators to ensure continued excellence in nuclear safety and radiation safety in all applications of radiation and atomic energy on a large scale.10) Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill, 2010Purpose - As the name itself indicates that it is an Act to provide for civil liability for nuclear damage and prompt compensation to the victims of a nuclear incident through a no-fault liability regime channeling liability to the operator.Impact - Appointment of Claims Commissioner, establishment of Nuclear Damage Claims Commission connected there with.11) IT Act, 2000 and IT (Amendment) Bill, 2006Purpose - It is an Act to provide legal recognition for the transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication, commonly referred to as "Electronic Commerce", which involve the use of alternatives to paper based methods of communication and storage of information, to facilitate electronic filings of documents with the Government and other related agencies.Tip - It is renamed as the Information Technology Act, 2008Impact - To promote efficient delivery of Government services by means of reliable electronic records.12) National Green Tribunal Bill, 2009Purpose - For the effective disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal rights relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property.Impact - National Green Tribunal law is enacted in view of the involvement of multi-disciplinary issues relating to the environment and also to implement the decisions taken at Rio de Janeiro and Stockholm Conferences.Link - NGT Bill - PDF13) Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969Objective - It is designed to ensure that the operation of the economic system does not result in concentration of the economic power to the common detriment.The act also provides for probation of monopolistic, unfair and restrictive trade practices.Impact - The MRTP Commission if on enquiry concludes that the practice under consideration is of restrictive or unfair in nature , it may:Order discontinuation of the practice and restrict its repetition (cease and desist order ), the agreement shall be void and shall stand modified as may specified in the order. It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.Link - MRTP Act, 196914) Mines and Minerals (Development & Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2008(Coal scam and SC verdict, so important)Objective - To develop and regulate mining & mineral industries and bring it under the control of one union by setting up mineral funds on National level, granting concessions, share benefit schemes while preventing illegal mining.Impact - Safeguards on regulating and safe disposal of waste in consonance with environmental norms will be incorporated. Through implementation of proper taxing and speedy approvals on action against violations illegal mining will be preventedLink - Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill 200815) Whistleblower Protection Bill, 2011It seeks to establish a mechanism to register complaints on any allegations of corruption or wilful misuse of power against a public servant. The Bill also provides safeguards against victimisation of the person who makes the complaint.Highlights of the BillThe Bill seeks to protect whistleblowers, i.e. persons making a public interest disclosure related to an act of corruption, misuse of power, or criminal offence by a public servant.The Vigilance Commission shall not disclose the identity of the complainant except to the head of the department if he deems it necessary. The Bill penalises any person who has disclosed the identity of the complainant.Key Issues and AnalysisThe Bill aims to balance the need to protect honest officials from undue harassment with protecting persons making a public interest disclosure. It punishes any person making false complaints. However, it does not provide any penalty for victimizing a complainant.16) Juvenile Justice(Care and Protection) Bill 2014Objectives: The Bill seeks to achieve the objectives of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children. It specifies procedural safeguards in cases of children in conflict with law. It seeks to address challenges in the existing Act such as delays in adoption processes, high pendency of cases, accountability of institutions, etc. The Bill further seeks to address children in the 16-18 age group, in conflict with law, as an increased incidence of crimes committed by them have been reported over the past few years.Coverage: The Bill defines a child as anyone less than 18 years of age. However, a special provision has been inserted for the possibility of trying 16-18 year old committing heinous offenses, as adults. A heinous offense is defined as one for which the minimum punishment under the Indian Penal Code is seven years.17) Citizens Charters & Grievance Redressal Bill, 2011. (CCGR)The Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011 also known as The Right of Citizens for Time Bound Delivery of Goods and Services and Redressal of their Grievances Bill, 2011 or Citizens Charter Bill was a proposed in Lok Sabha in December 2011. The bill lapsed due to dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha.The Right of Citizens for Time Bound Delivery of Goods and Services and Redressal of their Grievances Bill, 2011 lays down obligations of every public authority towards citizens, specifying delivery of goods and services in a time-bound manner and providing for a grievance redressal mechanism for non-compliance of citizens charter.Highlights :The Bill makes it mandatory for every public authority to publish a Citizen’s Charter within six months of the commencement of the Act.The Citizen’s Charter shall list the details of the goods and services provided by a public authority; the name of the person or agency responsible for providing the goods or services; the time frame within which such goods or services have to be provided; the category of people entitled to the goods and services; and details of the complaint redressal mechanism.Grievance redress officer : It requires every public authority to designate grievance redress officers in all public offices to enquire into and redress any complaints from citizens in a timeframe not exceeding 30 days from the date of receipt of the complaint.Public Grievance Redressal Commissions : The Bill provides for constitution of the state public grievance redressal commission and the central public grievance redressal commission consisting of chief commissioners and other commissioners.Penalty : DA and Commission can impose fine of Max. Rs 50000 to concerned officials/GRO. The penalty shall be recovered from the salary of the official. Such penalty may be awarded as compensation to the appellant.Corruption Prevention : The Designated Authority and the Commissions may refer a matter to the appropriate authorities if there is prima facie evidence of a corrupt act under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. An appeal against the decision of the Central Commission shall be filed before the Lokpal. An appeal against the decision of the State Commission shall be filed before the Lokayukta.Criticism :Against federal Spirit : Citizens’ charter bill provides for GRO and Grievances Commission at state and central level, but Parliament doesn’t not have jurisdiction to enact such law. Only State legislature has jurisdiction to make laws regarding state public services.More than ten states have already enacted a Citizen Charter Act or Public Services Guarantee Act in their respective states. Many of these state laws have provisions that are much better than the proposed Bill.Lack of Autonomy : According to the bill, the commissioners may be removed without judicial inquiry.Duplication of work : Several states have their own grievance redressal laws, The mechanism provided under these laws is different from that provided under the Bill. This will lead to duplication of work and organizations.MNREGA Act, RTE Act, National Food Security Bill, and the Public Procurement Bill also have their own grievances redressal forums. This will again lead to more duplication.Sources :Copy of Bill : Page on prsindia.orgSummery of Bill : Page on prsindia.orgWiki Page : Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011Mrual Page : Citizens Charter Bill 2011: Salient Features, Issues, CriticismRediff Page : All you need to know about the Citizen's Charter Bill18) Right to Education Act, 2009The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE), was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the rules and regulations for free and compulsory education of children between 6 and 14 under Article 21A of Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010.Highlights :The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act 2009 stipulates that private schools reserve 25 per cent of seats at the entry level for children belonging to ‘disadvantaged groups’ and ‘weaker sections’.The Act also provides that no child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass a board examination until the completion of elementary education. There is also a provision for special training of school drop-outs to bring them up to par with students of the same age.Mentally and physically challenged children, entitled to free education in special schools, were included in the definition through an amendment in 2012.It also prohibits all unrecognised schools from practice, and makes provisions for no donation or capitation fees and no interview of the child or parent for admissions.Criticism :The act has been criticised for being hastily-drafted, not consulting many groups active in education, not considering the quality of education, infringing on the rights of private and religious minority schools to administer their system, and for excluding children under six years of age.Problems faced :Poor Response : Lack of awareness about the Act, inability to meet the distance criteria and difficulty in obtaining necessary certificates from government authorities could be some of the reasons for this.The Act provides for admission of children without any certification. However, several states have continued pre-existing procedures insisting that children produce income and caste certificates, BPL cards and birth certificates.The Act is not applicable to private minority schools and boarding schools.Report on the status of implementation of the Act released by the Ministry of Human Resource Development admits that 8.1 million children in the age group six-14 remain out of school and there’s a shortage of 508,000 teachers country-wide.Conclusion :For all its flaws, the RTE Act is a progressive piece of legislation that aims to take education to the masses and fill the gaps in the social system.Sources :Copy of Act : Page on ssa.nic.inWiki page : Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education ActHindu Article : Advantages and disadvantages of RTE Act19) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2013 (POSCO)Objective – The act aims at ensuring protection of children from sexual abuse.Pros –1. Gender Neutral bill. 53% victims of children are victims.2. Stringent punishment (upto life imprisonment)3. Covers broad range of sexual crimes such as non-penetrative sexual assault, sexual harassment, and the use of children for pornography4. Includes special procedures to prevent the re-victimisation of children at the hands of an insensitive justice delivery system5. Protects victims identity and provides assisting legal, medical and psychological facilitiesCons –1. Criminalises all consensual sexual contact below 18 years age.2. The age provision is not in consonance with other acts.3. Regressive and draconian considering today’s social realities. Children are increasingly aware of each others sexualities at early age.4. Child marriage is prevalent on large scale. The age provision ignores this reality. Liable to bogus and unjustified complaints.Source – The Hindu : Good Act, bad provision20) The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013Objective – The act aims to combat corruption in government agencies and public sector businesses in India.Pros -1. Covers the offence of giving a bribe to a public servant under abetment. Specific provisions related to giving a bribe to a public servant, and giving a bribe by a commercial organisation.2. Redefines criminal misconduct to only cover misappropriation of property and possession of disproportionate assets.3. Modifies the definitions and penalties for offences related totaking a bribe, being a habitual offender and abetting an offence.4. Introduces Powers and procedures for the attachment and forfeiture of property of public servants accused of corruption.5. The Act requires prior sanction to prosecute serving public officials. The Bill extends this protection to former officials.Cons -1. The Bill makes giving a bribe a specific offence. There are diverging views on whether bribe giving under all circumstances must be penalised. Some have argued that a coerced bribe giver must be distinguished from a collusive bribe giver.2. The Bill has deleted the provision that protects a bribe giver from prosecution, for any statement made by him during a corruption trial. This may deter bribe givers from appearing as witnesses in court.3. The Bill has replaced the definition of criminal misconduct. It now requires that the intention to acquire assets disproportionate to income also be proved, in addition to possession of such assets. Thus, the threshold to establish the offence of possession of disproportionate assets has been increased by the Bill.4. By redefining the offence of criminal misconduct, the Bill does not cover circumstances where the public official: (i) uses illegal means, (ii) abuses his position, or (iii) disregards public interest and obtains a valuable thing or reward for himself or another person.5. Under the Act, the guilt of the person is presumed for the offences of taking a bribe, being a habitual offender or abetting an offence. The Bill amends this provision to only cover the offence of taking a bribe.Source - The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 201321) Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) (Regulation) Bill 2010Objective – The bill aims at legalizing (commercial) surrogacy.Pros –1. Offers legal protection to child and surrogate mothers.2. Regulation of IVF/ART clinics and holding them Accountable for ensuring best medical practices.3. Curbs exploitation of mother. Limits number of child births per mother to five.4. Introduces age limit for surrogate mother – 21 to 35.5. Ensures Child’s citizenship to be same as parents.Cons –1. Legal back up will lead to widespread commercialization of surrogacy, posing serious ethical, moral and philosophical questions.2. Mandatory certificate ensuring legality of surrogacy in foreign couple’s home country needed. Impediments in smooth commercial functioning.3. No provision in the bill if parent’s change their mind or die. Child’s responsibility in this case is debatable.4. Plethora of in-genuine clinics in India. Exploitation of poor and illiterate mothers because of their incapability to understand legalities involved.Source - Issues of surrogacy, PIB English Features22) Biotechnology Regulatory Authority Bill, 2013Objective - The Bill sets up an independent authority, the Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India (BRAI), to regulate organisms and products of modern biotechnology.Pros –1. BRAI will regulate the research, transport, import, containment, environmental release, manufacture, and use of biotechnology products.2. Regulatory approval by BRAI will be granted through a multi-level process of assessment undertaken by scientific experts.3. BRAI will certify that the product developed is safe for its intended use. All other laws governing the product will continue to apply.4. A Biotechnology Regulatory Appellate Tribunal will hear civil cases that involve a substantial question relating to modern biotechnology and hear appeals on the decisions and orders of BRAI.5. Penalties are specified for providing false information to BRAI, conducting unapproved field trials, obstructing or impersonating an officer of BRAI and for contravening any other provisions of the Bill.Cons -1. The Tribunal has jurisdiction over a ‘substantial question relating to modern biotechnology’ – An ambiguous term.2. The Tribunal will consist of one judicial member and five technical members. This is not in conformity with a SC decision that the number of technical members on a bench of a Tribunal cannot exceed the number of judicial members.3. The Tribunal’s technical members shall be eminent scientists or government officials with experience in the field. It is unclear whether the technical expertise of the latter can be equated with the former.4. The Bill does not specify any liability for damage caused by a product of biotechnology. Therefore, it will remain open to the courts to determine liability arising out of any adverse impact of modern biotechnology.5. Tribunal will not accept complaints from civil society, in spite of the fact that the Bill directly or indirectly affects every citizen. No public consultation done.6. Non clarity over Dept of GoI that will service BRAI. No mention of mandatory labelling of GM crops.7. Takes away rights of states to decide on Agriculture, which is state subject.8. The Convener of the Selection Committee for members of BRAI will be from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), which is a vendor of genetic engineering (the technology that BRAI is supposed to regulate) in the country. Conflict of Interest will arise.Source - The Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India Bill, 2013Unconstitutional, unethical, unscientific23) Coal Regulatory Authority Bill, 2013ObjectiveTo set up an independent regulatory body for the coal sector that shall help in the regulation and conservation of coal resources and will benefit all stakeholders i.e. - coal companies, coal consuming industries such as power, steel, cement and coal bearing States and people, directly or indirectly associated with the coal industry.A fund called ‘The Coal Regulatory Authority Fund” is created to credit all the receipts and fees received.Constituents1 chairperson + 4 members. One each from legal , technical , administrative and financial wings. All to be selected by a committee of Group of Ministers (GoM) headed by Cabinet Secretary.What will it do ?Inject transparency in allocation of coal blocks.Decide and Monitor operational norms and mining closure compliances and such.Determine pricing of the fuel and publishing surveys, information, statistics, etc related to coal sector and coal quality.Adjudicate disputes between entities and between entities and other persons.Advise government on technologies, policy, promotion, investment etc.Ref :- The Coal Regulatory Authority Bill, 2013,Coal Regulatory Authority Bill likely in Winter session24) eWaste (Management and Handling) Act, 2011What is it ?E-waste has beendefined as “waste electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part or rejects from their manufacturing and repair process, which are intended to be discarded”.AIM :-Reduction in the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Specifying threshold for use of hazardous material including lead, mercury and cadmium.Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) thus introduces the concept of "Extended Producer Responsibility".How will it work ?It fixes responsibilities on every producer, seller, consumer or bulk consumer, collection centre, dismantler and recycler of e-waste involved in the manufacture, sale, purchase and processing of electrical and electronic equipment or components.E.g. :Recycling of E-Waste generated during manufacturing and "End of Life" of electronic and electrical equipments.Setting up of collection centres by companies or individuals to collect E-waste and discard them.Setting up of funds by corporate to boost scientific and eco-friendly disposal of E-waste.CritiqueNo accountability set on anyone.E-Industry remains skeptical of the efficacy of this act.No specific targets set.Ref :- @E-waste management rules kick in today@Page on moef.nic.in25) Prevention of Communal and Targeted Violence Bill, 2011What is it ?The bill is intended to prevent “any act or series of acts, whether spontaneous or planned, resulting in injury or harm to the person and or property, knowingly directed against any person by virtue of his or her membership of any group."How ?The billAddresses identity-based or targeted crimes and organised mass violence as special offences.Places accountability of public officers with varying penalties for dereliction of duty it.Provides for the creation of a National Authority and the State authorities to ensure justice and reparation.Addresses issues faced by specific communities like economic boycott, denial of public service, forced migration , hostile environment etc.Empowers state and center government to intercept any messages and communication that it feels might lead to communal violence.Sets up district level authorities to assess compensation.CritiquesCurbing freedom of expression by terming it as Hate propaganda.Presumption of guilt and burden of proof on the accused – The accused will have to prove innocence.All the persons acting under this Act will have blanket of protection of action taken in good faith.Brings civil servants in direct line of fire by vaguely defining "dereliction of duty".26) Competition Act, 2002The Competition Act was passed in 2002Competition Commission of India (CCI) was established on March 1, 2009 as an autonomous body comprising of a Chairperson and six members.CCI not only hears and investigates cases based on the information received by it, but it also takes suo moto action wherever it finds that a prima facie violationCommission had taken suo-moto cognizance of the reported manipulation of the bids by manufacturers of LPG cylinders for supplying cylinders to the Indian Oil CorporationMany more such notices have been sent by CCI in the Petroleum sector, Agricuture sector etc. taking cognisance suo-moto.Role of trade associationsCompetition law treats the activities of trade associations much like any other form of cooperation between competitors.decisions or recommendations of trade associations are treated as agreements between its members and law may be breached even when they are not binding on the members.CCI imposed a nominal penalty of Rs. 1 lakh each on 27 film producers on charges of colluding through an association to exploit multiplex owners.number of cases involving the associations in the Pharmaceutical sector/Film production etc where CCI has passed orders against the associations and asked them to “cease and desist” from activities that may be anti-competitive in nature.Public Procurement and Competition LawPublic procurement is a contentious issue vis-à-vis application of competition lawpublic enterprises, which are generally the big procurers, are subject to competition assessment.Commission has decided a number of matters, including cartelization in government contracts. Penalties have been imposed on firms to discourage the anti-competitive practices and abuse of dominanceCompetition Commission of India is set to change the rules of the game and play the role of a watchdog to check anti-competitive practices in the markethttp://echoofindia.com/reflex-action/competition-commission-india-4-years-enforcement-competition-law-3216927) Prasar Bharati (Amendment) Bill, 201028) Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 200229) Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitaion Act, 2013. (Important, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan)30) Child Labour (Prohibition) Act, 198631) Scheduled Tribes and Recognition of Forest Rights Bill, 200632) Environment Protection Law, 198633) Wildlife Protection Act, 197234) The Electricity Act, 200335) Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas Act, 199636) Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 199237) Factories Act 1948/Amendment Bill 201438) Apprentice Act 1961/ Amendment Bill 201439) The Pension Fund Regulatory And Development Authority Act, 201340) The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 201341) Benami Transaction (Prohibition )Act, 198842) The National Food Security Act, 201343) Pesticides Management Bill, 2008*Maximum Credits per Person - 5000**Contributors earning more than 1000 credits <must> -a) Promote to at least 100 people.b) Share this list everywhere. :P :P LOL !Thank you all. :)Thanks for the A2A Anon. :)

Question: What makes Sabarimala temples’ tradition a gender issue, when there are temples restricting the entry of males?Thanks to Bhavya Makhania for the question;I have answered the key part of the question as answers to different questionsArun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ)'s answer to Should women be allowed to enter Sabarimala shrine?Arun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ)'s answer to What is your opinion about the Supreme Court verdict lifting the ban on women’s entry to Sabarimala Temple?andArun Mohan (അരുൺ മോഹൻ)'s answer to Why is the Supreme Court judgement on womens' entry in Sabarimala not widely accepted?So not going with the same arguments.I am focused more on answering the second part of the question.I believe Sabarimala’s matter is not purely a gender issue. Rather an issue between Orthodoxy vs Modernity and issue of relevance of traditions in a time and society we live in.Now the key part of this question is the existence of temples where men are debarred? Is it so? Can anyone name few such temples?Well, I can’t comment about every temple across India, especially those I haven’t visited. Ofcourse India is such a huge country and it may take a lifetime to visit entire temples of this great nation.So my answers are strictly focused about temples I know and in Kerala primarily.After the Sabarimala case became prominent, there was so much online activity happening to justify the ban on young women entry into the temple. One such online activity is presenting a list of temples where men are debarred to justify that its not a case of gender inequality, rather a case of traditional differentiation.We often see people like Rahul Easwar talking in English channels, that Sabarimala ban entry of young women just like temples like Attukkal does so vice-versaWhile googling, one sees several web pages suggesting there are temples that debar men too. The interesting part is that the content and writing style itself is too similar, which suggests that all these websites have copied the content from a single source.6 Temples, rituals in India where Men are not allowed | Free Press JournalHere’s a list of 8 temples in India where men are not allowed to enter !Here's a list of 8 temples in India where men are not allowed to enter!http://passionconnect.in/ArticleView?ArticleId=The-Women-Only-Temples-Where-Males-Are-Not-AllowedIndian temples where men can't enter on certain datesSo essentially I feel, it's more like an organized propaganda to counter Sabarimala verdict/case.How far these cases are true. Let's check.I am going with those temples in the list mentioned in the above links where I have been.Attukkal temple- TrivandrumThis the most referred temple as a case of counter-argument to Sabarimala.Infact, its true, this temple is known as Sabarimala of Women. But essentially none of its rituals or customs or laws are similar to Sabarimala.Attukkal Temple is located in heart of Trivandrum city. It's the second most popular temple in Trivandrum after Sree Padmanabhaswamy temple and one of the oldest. I have visited this temple, atleast 100 times in my life, since my childhood. Infact its only 3 weeks back, I visited this temple last time.A video clip from Mazhil Manorama channel where its anchors visiting the Attukkal temple. No one prohibited them from entering. Infact one of the anchor is a Christian- RJ Mathukutty (Arun Mathew) who is extremely popular in Kerala. Still its all welcome in this templeI believe, I am still a man and never experienced anyone blocking men into the templeThe Pongala ceremony of this temple, which makes entire Trivandrum city in a giant YajnashalaThe temple has a unique custom. Its called making of Pongala and offering to Goddess. In the Malayalam month of Kumbham (Feb mid-March mid), on the day of Makham star (Magha as in Sanskrit), its a festival day in Attukkal. It's not just in Attukkal, rather entire Kerala, as we believe, it's on this day Kannagi (the heroine of Silappatrikkam epic) attained salvation at the feet of Bhadrakali. Or in short, its the day Mahakali/Mahabhadra manifested her divine form in Malayalam lands. So all its a very special day for all devi temples in Kerala. However, the biggest of it will be in Attukkal at Trivandrum and Choothanikkara in Kochi.In Attukkal, on this day, lady devotees make a dish called Pongala. Its just cooking rice with jaggery. The belief is that the furious Kannagi after burning Madurai, marched into Kerala through Trivandrum. In her fury, the earth itself got shaken. While reaching this place, the local women immediately cooked Pongala and offered to her in order to pacify her and she blessed them. Its to commemorate this occasion, Pongala ceremony happens.Sashi Tharoor helping Kerala Governor’s wife- Mrs. Sadashivam in the Pongala processTraditionally only women make Pongala. It involves setting up a temporary firewood stove that burns on wood and cooking the food. It's normal that men rarely cooks or enters kitchen even today. Its not any rule as such, rather something happens by convention or tradition. It doesn’t mean men don’t cook at all. But generally lower.Naturally, for this ceremony, its only women who used to do, as men by tradition don’t cook. Due to the popularity of this festival, today approx 4 crore women offer pongala, thus one could find stoves and cooking across every single street in Trivandrum city on this day, as no more it can be confined in the temple grounds.The video clip where the male priests cook the pongala at the master stove- PandarappuThe main offering to the goddess is still cooked by male priests of the templeThe interesting part is that the main stove (called Pandaradupu) where the first fire is lighted and the first dish being cooked, is done by a MALE. Its done by the male priest and the first offering made to the goddess is still done by male poojari only. So essentially there is no concept of the ban of the male doing this ceremony.Sashi Tharoor at the temple on Pongala day with all other men inside the templeSo as there is no legal ban for any men to do this. If a man wishes, they can place a stove anywhere in the city and does so. But essentially it will be bit embarrassing to see a man doing so and often our society has a concept of machoism where men are mocked for doing ladies things. So due to this reason, men don’t do so. There is no law that prohibits a man from offering pongala. Infact for last 3 to 4 years, several Transgenders (who are officially identified as male by birth, but they believe to themselves as female) do offer pongala and no one has blocked them from offering.So its a case of the voluntary decision by men for not cooking. It's never a case of law that prohibits so.Trangenders performing PongalaAnd once again reassure, the temple doesn’t ban male entry even for one day at all. However on eve of Pongala, its mostly women who come in large numbers and men often voluntary excuses due to the larger number of womenfolk praying in this temple on that day only.2. Chakkulathukavu temple- Alleppey; KeralaThis temple rose to fame only recently, probably in a timeframe of the last two decades. Prior to that, it was a family temple and patronized mostly by people of that family and people of that village. Its located in a small village of Neerattupuram which is off from the main highways (AC Road and Thiruvalla-Ambalapuzha road). The temple doesn't have any ban on men. I regularly visit this temple annually for the last 5 years.Since the 2000s, the temple got renovated and the management was into heavy promotion for the temple. Many new festivals were introduced which previously weren’t done in the temple, as part of attracting devotees. They even copied Pongala tradition of Attukkal and brought the same in their temple since 1998 as Pongala concept is not at all popular in Central Kerala. The basic concept of Pongala is a Tamil concept (as similar to Pongal) and its natural to have so in Trivandrum which is a border district, unusual for Alapuzha which is located in central Kerala. Anyways this temple’s pongala isn’t as famous as that of Attukkal, still it's emerging.Left activist Vandana Shiva being worshipped as part of Nari PoojaActress Manju Warrier being worshippedCommunist leader KR Gowri Amma being worshippedIn 2010, the temple management introduced a new pooja- Nari Pooja. This pooja as such is not mentioned in any Kerala’s tantric codes. So its a pooja manufactured outside the codified thesis. Due to this, this pooja can’t happen inside the temple as Kerala temples have a strict adherence to the Tantric thesis- TantrasamuchayamThe pooja is modeled much like the rites done by Christian priests on Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), ie washing the feet of devotees. Across churches, on Maundy Thursday (thursday prior to Easter), the priest washes the feet of devotees as to remember the way Jesus did with his disciplines. The same concept was brought in Nari Pooja where the main priest washes the feet of lady devotees at a special platform located outside the temple. The interesting part is that, since the pooja is outside the standard Tantric rites, the temple’s main priests don’t do so, rather junior priests or priests hired from outside does the ritual. During the pooja, the lady devotee is regarded as the goddess and worshipped as such, which is a prohibited concept in Tantrasamuchayam (as human worships aren’t allowed). So this ritual has no tantric sanctity, rather started as a publicity stunt for the temple.But even if its a stunt, it has a huge meaning. It upholds the concept of the dignity of women and reassures that they are divine. So as we live in an era where women are mistreated, such ceremonies done to attract eyeballs do helps to pass a message. So I too respect this pooja and my mother also attended this Nari Pooja and got worshipped in 2016.Again, this ceremony is happening outside the temple and even on this day, men are allowed inside.The temple management is so proactive in popularizing the temple. They have introduced several customs and traditions literarily unknown to the region, to attract eyeball of others. For example, in Kerala, we don’t have Native Hanuman worship culture as Nampoothiris don’t invoke Hanuman tantrically. But this temple recently constructed a huge Hanuman statue (after realizing many of their pilgrims are from North India) and introduced a new custom of moving around the statue with a lighted lamp. Infact there is no custom or tradition exists previously nor has any validity in tantric rites. But such customs attract people’s attention, so it's done. So none of the customs or traditions followed in this temple could be highlighted as an ancient custom or tradition, rather mostly manufactured ones off-recently. However as long as its harmless and doesn’t discriminate anyone, its all welcome. I too regularly do that in this temple.3. Kanyakumari Devi Temple- Kanyakumari; TNI am so surprised to see this temple even being listed in the report. It highlights that the person who made the report originally has never visited Kanyakumari at all.Video of Kanyakumari temple with men enteringKanyakumari temple is very much popular. Its the only temple located at the tip of India’s Mainland and Kanyakumari as such is a famous tourist destination. And anyone who visits Kanyakumari, always visit this temple. Its a must see attraction locally. Infact in Kanyakumari, there are only 3 places to see- The Temple, Gandhi Mandapam, and the Vivekananda Rock.Nearly lakhs of tourists, do visit this temple and absolutely there is no ban on male entry.The case of Kanyakumari is the bit unique. This is because the deity- Devi Kanyakumari is much like Ayyappa of Sabarimala. She is an eternal virgin- hence the name Kanya-Kumari (Kanya-Eternal as well as Woman; Kumari- Virgin). In short, the goddess is a celibate (Naishtika Brahmacharini) and an ascetic. She is a form of Vishnu Shakti or Mahamaya (the female kid born to Yashoda, replaced by Vasudeva instead of Krishna by bringing back to the jail and who warned Kamsa about the birth of Krishna) who dreamed marrying Lord Shiva and couldn’t achieve as Devas doesn’t want to spoil chances of Shiva getting married to Adi Shakti’s form- Parvathi. As her marriage got spoiled, she decided to become an eternal virgin, hating the concept of marriage itself.Devi Kanyakumari as Vishnu Shakti (popularly known in Kerala as Mahamaya), as appeared before Kamsa when he was trying to kill the 8th baby of DevakiOriginally the belief was, she was a Sanyasini and decided to meditate forever on the rock. No one dared to go the rock as they all believed that Devi’s meditation must not be disturbed and anyone going there would perish. A temple was erected in the mainland near to the rock to do regular poojas etc.But when Swami Vivekananda came to Kanyakumari in 1892, he was amused to hear the local beliefs of not going to rock. He was on a mission to remove superstitious belief. To challenge, he swam the deadly sea channel for nearly 1.5 Km and reached the rock (after finding there was no ferry to take him there). Then he worshipped the Goddess for 3 nights and he himself meditated there. We believe, Swami Vivekananda got enlightened at this place.After Vivekananda went there, the local belief of not going to the rock crumbled. Priests tantrically transferred the divine spirit of Goddess from the rock to the nearby temple. Today the rock is a popular tourist attraction with lakhs visiting to see the grand Vivekananda Memorial as well as the footprint of the goddess.It's strange, those who claim Sabarimala’s deity is celibate, hence his celibacy may spoil with the presence of young women devotees, has no issues when coming to Kanyakumari temple which is of the same concept. The deity is a young celibate woman.Doesn’t her celibacy be affected with the presence of young male devotees? Definitely not. Because she is a Goddess, not a human to lose emotional control.As Kanyakumari was part of Travancore earlier, all poojas done in this temple is in Kerala tantric style. So other than the fact, its officially in TN, the rites and customs are all related to the Malayalee concept.4. Lord Brahma temple- Pushkar; RajasthanWell, I have visited this temple in 2009. I am not a Rajasthani, so doesn’t know the local myths and belief. But this temple is indeed great, as its one of the very few temples in India for Lord Brahma.I am surprised to see this temple being listed in the report citing married men not allowed inside. I don’t know whether its a popular local belief or not. But I didn’t find any mechanism or system in that temple that discriminates male entry. No one asked any devotee’s marital status. Infact I was accompanied by a friend who was a married guy. So when seeing this being listed, I am quite surprised as no one asked about his marital status upon entry and he entered there and prayed like anyone.Infact only a few days back, India’s prime minister- Narendra Modi visited this temple. He is a married person and has a legal wife, which is very popular by now.So as President of India- Ramnath Govind visited the temple with his wife and daughter.So how come they entered, if the temple has some strict rules?In my experience, either it could be a hoax information or it could an old belief, no more enforced in the temple. Probably some Rajasthanis could better comment on it.5. Trimbakeshwar Temple- Nashik; MaharashtraI have visited this temple in 2017, ie last year. This temple has no custom that ban male entry.What I understand that earlier, men could enter inside the sanctum sanatorium and do poojas over the idol directly which women couldn’t. Due to which there was some issues and forcibly a group of women entered into the sanctum sanatorium.Based on orders of Bombay High Court and decision of temple management, now even men also can’t enter into the sanctum sanatorium like women. But essentially everyone can pray in this temple and one can enter the temple as close as to the sanctum sanatorium (not inside).Women entering into the sanctum sanatoriumTemple authorities now banned both men and women entry into sanctumNormally in South India, we don’t have the custom of devotees entering inside the sanctum. We pray at a point close to the sanctum and don’t touch idols as such. However its opposite in North India and to some extent in Central India. So from the verdict and my personal experience, I believe, its entry into sanctum now prohibited much like South India .And that's a fair judgment/decision as now there is no discrimination. Both men and ladies stand at a common point and pray to the deity. It's not a case of Male discrimination as the entry of males aren’t prohibited as such.6. Kamrup Kamakhya TempleI haven’t visited this temple and hoping to visit while on my upcoming tour to Assam. However, based on feedback I heard from many Assamese friends and those in online, there is no restriction for male entry into the temple.In the above video, I see many men inside the temple. So I think, it's as fake as the case of Kanyakumari temple or other temples.So fairly almost all the temples mentioned in the list as such happens to be fake. I am not sure about Bihar temples or Santoshi Maa Vrith etc.But even so, these report says, its limited for one day or occasion etc, not something on daily basis. That itself rest the case.In Sabarimala, the case was against a legal law that prohibits women entry. Its not a case of voluntary belief. If a lady previously wanted to enter Sabarimala, she can’t as there was a law existing and if she attempted she would be arrested.A lady being arrested for attempting to enter. Why she should be treated like a criminal for praying?Last year, ie in 2017, approx 260 women were arrested for attempt to entering into Sabarimala. How come praying become a crime? How can someone be arrested for praying to the deity? Such bizarre law has no place in a civilized society.Sabrimala: 260 women of banned age group stopped at foothills of Ayyappa templeSabarimala: Age proof now must for women pilgrimsNow, women need age proof to enter Sabarimala temple in Kerala; Aadhaar card included in listI know, the standard reply of many is that will Sunni mosques allow so? Will Mecca allow non muslims to enter?Well, I don’t understand the logic of discussing the concept of another religion, when we talk against evils of our religion/faith. Will we stop cleaning our house, citing our neighbours don’t clean theirs? If Muslim religion has social evils, it must be rectified by their community. We can offer external support.But citing their orthodoxy, can we remain back in same and claim equality in orthodoxy? Well, those who fought the case wanted reforms in their religion which aren’t linked to any other religion at all.So essentially these claims of temples debarring male entry etc appears absolutely bogus.