Agency Board Name Secretary Of State B: Fill & Download for Free

Q. Which Secretary of State Office has the highest Google reviews rating in the US?A. Not a Google reviews rating.The Harry S. Truman Building located at 2201 C Street, NW in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It is the headquarters of the United States Department of State.The Ten Best Secretaries Of State (to 1981)Best US Secretaries of State (ranker.com)The post-Cold War secretaries of state, rankedWas Hillary Clinton a Good Secretary of State? (Polotico.com)Rescuing George Shultz, the Best Secretary of State You’ve Never Heard OfThe Ten Best Secretaries Of State… The EditorsDecember 1981 Volume 33 Issue 1When the first Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, took office in 1790, his entire staff consisted of just six people, including himself and a part-time translator. The current Secretary presides over almost fifteen thousand employees scattered around the globe. During the intervening years, of course, the challenges facing Jefferson’s successors have changed dramatically as the infant republic has grown into a world power.David L. Porter, associate professor of history at William Penn College in Oskaloosa, Iowa sent questionnaires to fifty of the nation’s leading diplomatic historians, asking each to nominate his candidates for the ten best—and five worst- Secretaries of State. All fifty-six secretaries from Jefferson to Edmund Muskie were eligible. Each nominee was to be assessed solely on his record in that office. Among the suggested criteria: success in defining and achieving his diplomatic goals; political and moral leadership he exerted on foreign affairs; impact of his actions on the course of American history. More than half the historians responded.1. John Quincy Adams, who served (1817-25) under President James Monroe, was the first choice of over 80 per cent of the respondents. Stern, cerebral, conscientious, and articulate, he negotiated the acquisition of Florida from Spain in 1819 and collaborated with the President in formulating the Monroe Doctrine.John Quincy Adams, 6th President of the United States.2. William H. Seward served (1861-69) Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He helped keep France and Britain from recognizing the Confederacy during the Civil War, persuaded France to withdraw her troops from Mexico after that war ended, and successfully engineered the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867.William H. Seward, 24th United States Secretary of State3. Hamilton Fish served (1869-77) President Ulysses S. Grant. Calm, judicious, and untainted by the corruption that permeated the Grant administration, he helped settle the thorny Alabama Claims controversy with Britain in 1871, directed negotiations that settled American claims against Spain, and signed a commercial reciprocity treaty with Hawaii in 1875, helping to pave the way for later annexation.Hamilton Fish, 26th United States Secretary of State4. Charles Evans Hughes served (1921-25) Presidents Harding and Coolidge. He presided over the Washington Conference for Limitation of Armament (1921-22) that froze for a decade naval armament among the United States, Britain, and France, and he brought about the 1922 Nine Power Treaty, which called upon its signatories to maintain an Open Door policy toward China and respect her independence.Charles Evans Hughes,11th Chief Justice of the United States, 44th United States Secretary of State5. George Marshall served (1947-49) President Harry Truman. The first professional soldier ever to become Secretary—and the man who held the post for the shortest time among the top ten—he helped establish the postwar policy of containment. He promulgated the Truman Doctrine that provided military aid for Greece and Turkey, developed the Marshall Plan for rebuilding postwar Europe, and helped foster the Organization of American States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.George Marshall, 50th United States Secretary of State, 3rd United States Secretary of Defense6. Dean Acheson, Marshall’s successor, also served (1949-53) President Truman. He helped create NATO, brought West Germany into the European defense system, and implemented a policy of armed intervention in Korea.Dean Acheson, 51st United States Secretary of State7. Henry Kissinger, our only foreign-born Secretary of State, served (1973-77) under Presidents Nixon and Ford. After four enormously influential years as Nixon’s special adviser on national security affairs, he sought, as Secretary, to relax tensions and promote trade with China and the Soviet Union and pioneered the art of “shuttle diplomacy,” traveling 560,000 miles in search of peace.Henry Kissinger, 56th United States Secretary of State8. Daniel Webster, one of only two Secretaries of State to hold non-consecutive terms, served under three Presidents: William Henry Harrison and John Tyler (1841-43) and Millard Fillmore (1850-52). He negotiated the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842, averting war with Britain over Maine’s boundary, and asserted America’s right to recognize republican Hungary and other popular governments in Europe.Daniel Webster, 14th and 19th United States Secretary of State9. Thomas Jefferson served (1790-93) President George Washington. As our first Secretary of State he established a host of diplomatic and administrative precedents and, when war broke out between France and Britain in 1793, subsumed his own sympathy for the French Revolution to successfully administer a policy of strict neutrality.Thomas Jefferson, 3rd president of the United States, 2nd vice president of the United States, 1st United States Secretary of State10. John Hay (1898-1905) Presidents McKinley and Roosevelt. An expansionist, he urged annexation of the Philippines, called for an Open Door policy toward China, helped prevent partition of that country after the Boxer Rebellion, and negotiated the 1903 treaty with Panama granting the Canal Zone to the United States.John Hay, 37th United States Secretary of StateHoliday Room US State DepartmentBest US Secretaries of State (ranker.com)Left out Alexander Haig (1971–1982), George P. Shultz (1982–1989), James Baker (1989–1992), Lawrence Eagleburger (1992–1993),Warren Christopher (1993–1997), Madeleine Albright (1997–2001), Colin Powell (2001–2005), Condoleezza Rice (2005–2009), Hillary Clinton (2009–2013), John Kerry (2013–2016), and Rex Tillerson (2016-present).The post-Cold War secretaries of state, rankedFrom left, former secretaries of state Henry Kissinger, James Baker, Madeleine Albright, Colin Powell and Hillary Clinton attend the reception before the groundbreaking ceremony for the U.S. Diplomacy Center at the State Department in Washington in 2014. (Michael Reynolds/European Pressphoto Agency)Daniel W. Drezner July 27, 2016Daniel W. Drezner is a professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and a regular contributor to PostEverything.In considering foreign policy, the external environment matters a lot. So does the degree of interest and control that a president exercises over American foreign policy. To use an example, James Baker is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest secretaries of state of all time. His diplomacy helped ensure a peaceful end to the Cold War and a unified, multilateral coalition for the first Gulf War. But Baker had the wind at his back: a fading Soviet Union and a president who was keenly interested and engaged in international relations. Baker deserves credit, but not all the credit, if you know what I mean.So, with that in mind, here’s my ranking, from worst to first, of the six post-Cold War secretaries of state. I will preface this by saying that Baker towers over this lot, but I’m not including him in the post-Cold War set. Indeed, the Cold War secretaries of state (George C. Marshall, Dean Acheson, John Foster Dulles, Dean Rusk and George P. Shultz) are on average of a much higher caliber than the ones discussed below.6) Warren Christopher. The “Cars 2” of the post-1992 secretaries of state, “Chris” got a bad beat. His president did not care a flying fig about foreign policy for at least the first two years of his presidency, and Christopher felt constrained by that fact. Nonetheless, Christopher’s preternatural caution generally let bad situations (Somalia, Bosnia) deteriorate on his watch. There isn’t a single account of the Bill Clinton administration’s foreign policy record in which Christopher comes out looking good — and that includes his own memoirs. Given the favorable geopolitical situation the United States inherited when he took office, it’s a lackluster performance.Warren Christopher, 63rd United States Secretary of State5) Colin Powell. Powell was badly hamstrung by the lack of trust between him and President George W. Bush. Bush overruled Powell on diplomacy with North Korea in March 2001, and things went downhill from there. Powell’s constant bureaucratic battles with Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld proved problematic for his tenure, as it kept him in Washington when he needed to try to make America’s case to allies and partners. The biggest mistakes of Bush’s first term were not Powell’s, but he failed to stop most of these catastrophes, and his performance did little to compensate for them.Colin Powell, 65th United States Secretary of State4) John Kerry. This ranking is probably unfair — he still has six months left, and history will offer a better perspective. Kerry gets major points for the Iran deal, a significant feat of diplomacy that was more him than President Obama. The Paris climate change agreement is also significant. The problem comes with trying to list things after that. It is to Kerry’s credit that he has invested in tough tasks, like Iran or an Israeli-Palestinian peace deal. It is to Kerry’s debit that some of those investments did not pay off. The opportunity cost of them is Kerry looking flat-footed and underinvested in other trouble-spots, such as Eastern Europe.John Kerry, 68th United States Secretary of State, Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee3) Madeleine Albright. The first female secretary of state, Albright benefited greatly from a president who was more comfortable and more engaged in international relations than he was in his first term. But Albright was also willing to take more risks than Christopher, a trait that paid off in the case of Kosovo. The biggest criticism of Albright would be her absence from the most significant foreign policy crisis of Clinton’s second term — the Asian financial crisis.Madeleine Albright, 64th United States Secretary of State2) Condoleezza Rice. Well, this will be the second-most controversial ranking. Rice’s disastrous tenure as national security adviser will color most people’s perceptions of her time at Foggy Bottom. The parlous state of American foreign affairs in January 2009 will also lead many to pooh-pooh Rice’s performance as secretary of state. But it requires some willful amnesia to forget the situation that Rice inherited when she took the job, and the skillful ways in which she was able to outmaneuver Rumsfeld and Cheney. Her close relationship with the president allowed Rice to pivot American foreign policy away from the excesses of Bush’s first term to something akin to competency in her second term. It was a thankless task, and Rice’s legacy will always be tarnished by her NSC stint. Nevertheless, she did a good job in a tough time.Condoleezza Rice, 66th United States Secretary of State1) Hillary Clinton. Here’s the dirty little secret of trying to evaluate Clinton’s record as secretary of state: The Obama White House centralized foreign policy control almost as much as Richard Nixon. Which means that it’s tough to credit or blame Clinton for what happened during her four years in office. Nonetheless, she played a significant role in restoring America’s standing abroad. She was nimble in handling some thorny diplomatic kerfuffles with China (Google “Wang Lijun” or “Chen Guangcheng” to see what I mean). She helped put together formidable economic sanctions against Iran. Even on Libya, Clinton deserves credit for her ability to get NATO, the Arab League and the U.N. Security Council to endorse action; the post-Libya fiasco has less to do with Clinton and more to do with her boss. And one can argue that the Paris climate change accord only happened because of Clinton and Obama’s actions in Copenhagen.In a decade, this ranking might change, particularly for Kerry. And ranking Clinton as the best of the lot means saying that she was the best of a mediocre group, all of whom would fall below the Cold War list of names mentioned above. But it is interesting to note that the ladies on this list outperformed the men.Hillary Clinton, 67th United States Secretary of State, United States Senatorfrom New YorkWas Hillary Clinton a Good Secretary of State? (Polotico.com)Not so long ago, Hillary Clinton was being lauded as an exemplary secretary of state. After four years and nearly a million miles logged as America’s top diplomat, she stepped down to a torrent of praise. “The most consequential secretary of state since Dean Acheson,” enthused Google’s Eric Schmidt. “Stellar,” pronounced Bloomberg’s Margaret Carlson. Even Republican Sen. John McCain, while criticizing her response to the killing of U.S. officials in Benghazi, went out of his way to compliment her “ outstanding” State Department tenure.That was then.When the Atlantic published an admiring 10,000-word profile of Secretary of State John Kerry the other day, the surprise was not so much that the author, two-time Pulitzer Prize winner David Rohde, found himself impressed by the headlong diplomatic forays of the peripatetic Kerry, but the downbeat assessment of Kerry’s much more reserved predecessor. The headline? “How John Kerry Could End Up Outdoing Hillary Clinton.” A few days later, the New York Times chimed in with an article on the “tough comparisons with Kerry” Clinton is now facing, summing up the debate as one over whether she was anything more than a “pantsuit-wearing globe-trotter” in her years as secretary.All of which yields the question: Was Hillary Clinton in fact a good secretary of state, and will her record as a diplomat matter if, as expected, she runs for president in 2016?As Bill Clinton might have said, it depends on what the meaning of good is. Certainly, even many of her most ardent defenders recognize Hillary Clinton had no signal accomplishment at the State Department to her name, no indelible peace sealed with her handshake, no war averted, no nuclear crisis defused. There are few Eric Schmidts out there still willing to make the case for her as an enormously consequential figure in the history of Foggy Bottom.Where the debate tends to rage is over why that is so, especially now that Kerry is taking on diplomatic challenges that Clinton either couldn’t or wouldn’t—from negotiating a potentially historic nuclear deal with Iran to seeking a revived Mideast peace process—and political rivals in both parties return to thinking of Clinton in the hypercharged American political context and not so much as the tireless, Blackberry-wielding face of global glad-handing.I asked an array of smart foreign policy thinkers in both parties to weigh in, and they pretty much all agreed that Clinton was both more cautious and more constrained than Kerry. Their argument is over whether and to what extent that was a consequence of Clinton herself, the limits placed on her by a suspicious and eager-to-make-its-mark first-term White House, or simply it being a very different moment in world politics.Here’s Aaron David Miller, who negotiated Middle East peace for five presidents and is now a scholar at the Wilson Center, making the case for cautious Clinton: “Hillary was risk-averse; Kerry isn’t. He’s risk-ready.” Of course, Miller argues, 2016 politics “explains partly why she didn’t own a single issue of consequence.” The other reason is President Obama himself, “the most controlling foreign policy president since Nixon.” Miller’s bottom line: “She was a fine sec state but not consequential.” As for 2016, “It won’t hurt her other than the Republican obsession with Benghazi, but it won’t help her that much either.”An array of foreign policy thinkers all agree that Clinton was a more cautious and more constrained secretary of state than Kerry. | ReutersWhat does that Republican take look like? For sure, there will be a focus on Benghazi, where the GOP has questioned whether Clinton and other administration officials were activist enough—and truthful enough—about responding to the attack in Libya on Sept. 11, 2012, that led to the deaths of the U.S. ambassador and three other American personnel; a case summed up by the American Enterprise’s Institute’s Danielle Pletka as “unwillingness to take risks, unwillingness to lead, willingness to stab a lot of people in the back. And dead people.” Pletka’s broader view of Clinton’s record is a harsher version of what I hear from many Democrats: “the Washington consensus,” Pletka says, “is that she was enormously ineffective … [though] no one was quite sure whether she was ineffective because she wanted to avoid controversy or because she wasn’t trusted by the president to do anything.”Not quite so harsh is David Gordon, who ran the State Department’s storied policy-planning shop under George W. Bush. He calls Clinton “good not great” in the job, agrees that her “great weakness was avoiding serious diplomacy,” gives her plaudits for outlining the strategic “pivot” to Asia whose future is now uncertain, and attributes much to “her future political considerations”:It is hard to avoid the conclusion that for Clinton, the SecState role was substantially about positioning her to run for president, especially in terms of looking ‘tough’ on some of the big issues: Iran sanctions, reassuring Asian allies. … Not taking on the big diplomatic challenges made that toughness easier to maintain even as she devoted so much of her actual time in office to ‘soft’ issues like education, women’s empowerment, etc.As for the Democrats, Clinton’s advocates tend to come in several camps, which can be broadly summed up as The Timing Just Wasn’t Right group; the Blame the White Housers; and the Asia Pivot Was a Really Big Deal crowd (“her major accomplishment,” the Brookings Institution’s Michael O’Hanlon told me, and “too often underappreciated”).Howard Berman, a strong Clinton backer who chaired the House Foreign Affairs Committee during her tenure, offered me a great example of the first line of reasoning: You don’t pick your moments, but deal with the world as you find it. “I don’t believe Secretary Clinton was constrained by future political considerations,” he wrote to me. “Let’s look at the issues Kerry is working on and it is clear that Clinton, for rather obvious reasons, couldn’t have replicated what he has done because those issues weren’t ripe then. … It’s about a different time.”Blaming the White House, of course, is a common theme in any critique of a foreign policy record, and that’s especially so when it comes to the question of Clinton’s dealings with the White House of the president she ran against in 2008. Throughout her tenure as secretary of state, Washington wondered over the extent of Clinton’s actual influence in foreign policy decision-making (“she’s really the principal implementer,” Obama adviser Denis McDonough told me, when I asked about the division of labor between Obama’s White House and Clinton’s State Department for a Foreign Policy article last year). And it was by all accounts Obama himself who was reluctant to take on some of the challenges, like Middle East peace talks or a more activist stance toward the civil war unfolding in Syria, that Clinton is now dinged for avoiding.That was the argument from Dennis Ross, and he is certainly well positioned to know: Ross worked as the top White House aide on Iran and the Middle East on Obama’s National Security Council before leaving last year. The new conventional wisdom on Politically Cautious Hillary is “misguided,” he says. “She was operating in a different world and with an administration at a different place.” And those White House realities very much shaped what she could and couldn’t do. To start, Ross notes, Clinton was “in a place where she felt the need to prove her loyalty to the president and demonstrate she was a member of the team,” and besides, Obama himself was very personally engaged in his various diplomatic initiatives. By later in Obama’s first term, deciding what to do about dumping America’s longtime ally Hosni Mubarak in Egypt (she was wary) and whether to intervene more actively in Syria (she pushed to do so) became “issues where I think she was not in the same place as the president and was thus less able to shape what we did.”Timing, fate and the White House may have all conspired in it, but the truth is that Hillary Clinton never did find a way to turn Foggy Bottom into her ticket to history.Steve Sestanovich, a professor at Columbia University and veteran of Bill Clinton’s State Department, thinks the blame lies in part with another White House—George W. Bush’s. Hillary Clinton, Sestanovich concedes, “ was reluctant to over-invest in high-visibility initiatives that didn’t have much chance of success.” But, he says, that’s because “the top priority of the president—and hers too—was to deal with inherited difficulties and wind them down,” whether the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq or restoring luster to an American global reputation tarred by the aggressive decade-long prosecution of its “war on terror.” Sestanovich adds: “It’s true that her record as secretary included few accomplishments if you mean by that peace agreements solving some big problem. If you measure her tenure by success in rebuilding America’s power position, it looks a lot better. She wasn’t just foisting better cookstoves on African women.”In some ways, though, that is exactly the argument I encountered from her most passionate defender among those I surveyed. Anne-Marie Slaughter, Clinton’s first policy-planning chief at the State Department and now head of the New America Foundation, is still an unwavering believer in the cookstoves and all of Clinton’s other untraditional causes, many of which focused on global advocacy for women and girls. “I continue to think that people will look back and see that she was the first secretary of state really to grasp the ways global politics and hence foreign policy have changed in the 21st century,” Slaughter says.Her case for Clinton, in fact, is explicitly about politics—and Clinton’s willingness to integrate them into the traditionally stodgy, big man-to-big man diplomacy long favored at the State Department (and arguably now being resurrected by Kerry). “Foreign policy has always been the furthest thing from retail politics; she brought them much closer together and institutionalized as much of her approach as possible in the very bones of the State Department. … Hillary took diplomacy directly to the people in ways that cannot produce a treaty or negotiated agreement, but that are essential to advancing America’s interests over the longer term,” Slaughter argues. “What she should be remembered for in a 2016 campaign is proving that she could represent the American people day in and day out in the long, hard slog of regular politics, in between the rare shining moments of success. She was and is beloved around the world, as an inspiration, as an example of an America in which a woman could run for president, nearly win her party’s primary, lose with grace and then prove that adversaries can work together for the sake of their country.”***Near the end of her tenure, I traveled with Clinton to China in the midst of what turned out to be a frenetic several days of negotiations over the fate of Chinese dissident Chen Guangcheng, who had taken refuge at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing at exactly the moment Clinton was arriving for a summit. In the end, Clinton walked away with a deal that allowed Chen to fly to the United States a few weeks later. It was, I wrote at the time, “the most intense high-stakes diplomacy of her tenure as secretary of state.”“Can this really be true? Was the Chen negotiation as good as it will get for Clinton?” asked Washington Post columnist David Ignatius. “I fear the answer is yes.” At the time, he dinged Clinton for not finding “a way to get more done in her role as the president’s diplomatic emissary, broker, and fixer.” And never mind all the hundreds of thousands of miles logged, the endless “townterviews” and back-stage arm-twisting—it remains a pretty fair critique. Timing, fate and the White House may have all conspired in it, but the truth is that Hillary Clinton never did find a way to turn Foggy Bottom into her ticket to history.And perhaps that’s exactly the reason why American politicians tend to become secretary of state after they’ve run for president and lost; it just might be a better consolation prize than it is steppingstone to higher office.Susan B. Glasser is editor of Politico Magazine.Rescuing George Shultz, the Best Secretary of State You’ve Never Heard OfBY WILL INBODENWhat if America had a remarkably effective secretary of state, yet almost 95 percent of international relations professors didn’t know it?That may sound like the lead-in to a bad joke, or an academic perversion of the “what if a tree falls in a forest but no one hears it” puzzle — and I wish that’s all it were. But instead it is a depressing revelation from a new survey of 1,615 international relations (IR) scholars from 1,375 American colleges and universities. The annual Ivory Tower survey of the Teaching, Research, and International Politics (TRIP) project, in partnership with Foreign Policy, is a comprehensive and useful assessment of the views of American IR scholars on a range of topics in the field, including the leading programs, the most influential scholars, and the most serious problems facing the world. (I was one of the 1,615 respondents).One of the survey questions is “Who was the most effective U.S. Secretary of State of the last 50 years?” Henry Kissinger handily took the top spot, with 32.21 percent. This is a plausible but debatable choice, especially since Kissinger was arguably more effective during his time as National Security Advisor than as secretary of state. Kissinger didn’t take over at Foggy Bottom until September 1973, after many notable achievements such as the opening to China, the Paris Peace Accords, and the SALT negotiations. I suspect that part of the reason for Kissinger’s runaway win stems from his high visibility and prolific writing in the almost 40 years since he left office, which can be mentally conflated with an assessment of his time as secretary of State. And the survey answer that has generated some headlines is that poor John Kerry finished dead last with only 0.31 percent (yes, you read that decimal point right). While I agree that thus far Kerry has been ineffective, it strikes me as unfair and methodologically unsound to have included him in the survey because his time in office is ongoing and we don’t yet know how effective he will be in his remaining two years.But the stunning — and appalling — result is that only 5.65 percent picked George Shultz, ranking him barely ahead of Dean Rusk, and far behind Madeline Albright (8.7 percent), Hillary Clinton (8.7 percent), and “I Don’t Know” (18.32 percent — itself a troubling figure when you consider that the respondents are scholars who study this stuff for a living, yet almost one fifth of them can’t render a verdict on secretaries of state).*Shultz’s relatively low ranking is baffling. Many foreign policy practitioners and diplomatic historians regard Shultz in the same pantheon as Acheson and Marshall, a giant in the annals of 20th century American diplomacy whose seven years at Foggy Bottom played an indispensable role in negotiating a peaceful end to the Cold War. Foreign Service Officers (FSO) who served under Shultz almost uniformly believe him to be the greatest secretary of state of the last 50 years. During my time working at the State Department, a standard question I would ask almost every senior FSO I worked with is “who is the best secretary you ever worked under,” and invariably the answer would be George Shultz – regardless of whether the FSO was a Democrat or Republican. Shultz’s broad acclaim among those who worked for him and those who have studied him comes from his rare ability to master two vital yet often conflicting tasks: the management of the department and the conduct of statecraft. Some secretaries excel at the former (e.g., Colin Powell and Hillary Clinton), others excel at the latter (e.g., Henry Kissinger and James Baker), but Shultz is singular in having excelled at both. [Disclosure: Shultz is one of five current or former cabinet secretaries on the Statecraft Board of Reference for the Clements Center at the University of Texas, where I serve as Executive Director.]Now I imagine that some of my academic colleagues reading this who filled out the TRIP survey and didn’t pick Shultz are thinking “Enough whining, Inboden — I picked [insert another secretary of state name here] because in my expertise I think he/she is just better than Shultz.” While each of these individual choices may have their justifications, taken together Shultz’s paltry ranking seems to reveal a “collective ignorance” problem in academia. In the aggregate, IR scholars just don’t seem capable of rendering credible judgments on what makes an effective secretary of state.So how is it that policy professionals and diplomatic historians hold Shultz in such high regard, yet IR scholars — who are overwhelmingly political scientists — would be so unaware of Shultz’s excellence?I don’t have a definitive answer, but would speculate there are three possible reasons, perhaps overlapping. The first is that younger IR scholars are not being taught diplomatic history in graduate school. It is commonplace now for political science doctoral students to take numerous math and statistics classes, but not a single class on American diplomatic history or the Cold War. With this lack of historical awareness, someone like George Shultz appears as distant and unknown as Robert Lansing, and he can’t fit into a regression analysis of a large n data set (for a thoughtful reflection on this malady, see this essay by Frank Gavin). The second reason I suspect is ideological bias against the Reagan administration. Older IR scholars may have taken history classes in graduate school, and having lived through the Reagan years know who Shultz is, but they are overwhelmingly left of center and probably share academia’s general disdain for the Reagan administration. (Though as I noted here, some scholars are beginning to assess Reagan’s national security legacy much more positively. And this particular survey result doesn’t evince an anti-Republican bias, since the top two names are Kissinger and Baker — probably illustrating the large cohort of realists among IR scholars). The third possible reason, perhaps represented by the 18.32 percent of “I Don’t Knows,” is that IR theory emphasizes structural factors over individual leadership and policymaking. In this view, secretaries of state matter little in the shadow of the tectonic plates of the international system.But for those scholars who believe that individual leaders do matter — and I am one of them — Shultz’s remarkable statecraft deserves a closer look, and a higher ranking.*Yes, I was one of the 5.65 percent who picked Shultz.”

There are nuances in the Elitist system when it comes to who controls the US government. For instance it is known that an Elite association which has emerged from the Ivy Universities (Skull and Bones and other academic secret societies), do indeed have a hold on the US government apparatus (as they are also members of the Trilateral Commission, the Council of Foreign Relations and so forth). Such hold has started just after the Great Depression which saw the US federal reserve falls into private hands. Hands that we can’t name since it is incorporated in Delaware, one of few states which keep confidential the name of the owners registered with them.It’s why Trump is a surprise for them. As while being from the Elite, he’s not an “initiated” to those secret societies. It might explain why he’s “hunted” so much by his own establishment. As he got into power without owning it to anyone. He’s the first President to have been elected only because of himself. As such he doesn’t owe anyone. And this, piss off the Elite in control. Because they cannot harness him. So they work to create new leverages on him. And so far they have work VERY hard. Which means, he’s like a fish for them. They can’t seems to get hold on him. At least never for long.It this goes for too long, he might even experience the same fate as J.F Kennedy.So here’s a list of the past members of the US government, also members of the “initiated” Elite:CFR Influence in the U.S. GovernmentFrom 1928-72, nine out of twelve Republican Presidential nominees were CFR members. From 1952-72, CFR members were elected four out of six times. During three separate campaigns, both the Republican and Democratic nominee were, or had been a member. Since World War II, practically every Presidential candidate, with the exception of Johnson, Goldwater, and Reagan, have been members.In Sen. Barry Goldwater's 1979 memoir, With No Apologies, he wrote: "When a new President comes on board, there is a great turnover in personnel but no change in policy." That's because CFR members have held almost every key position in every Administration, from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Bill Clinton.During that period, every Secretary of State (with the exception of Cordell Hull, James F. Byrnes, and William Rogers) has been a member. Every Secretary of Defense from the Truman Administration up to the Clinton Administration (with the exception of Melvin Laird) has been a member. Since 1920, most of the Treasury Secretaries have been members; and since the Eisenhower Administration, nearly all of the National Security Advisors have been members.Curtis Dall wrote in his book, FDR: My Exploited Father-in-Law:"For a long time I felt that FDR had developed many thoughts and ideas that were his own to benefit this country, the USA. But, he didn't. Most of his thoughts, his political 'ammunition' as it were, were carefully manufactured for him in advance by the CFR / One World money group."NATO CommandersThe position of Supreme Allied Commander of NATO has usually been held by CFR members, including:Gen. Dwight D. EisenhowerGen. Matthew B. RidgewayGen. Alfred M. GroentherGen. Lauris NorstadGen. Lyman L. LemnitzerGen. Andrew J. GoodpasterGen. Alexander M. Haig, Jr.Most of the superintendents at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point have been CFR members.Harry S. Truman AdministrationDean Acheson (Secretary of State)Robert Lovett (Secretary of State and later Secretary of Defense)W. Averell Harriman (Marshall Plan Administrator)John J. McCloy (High Commissioner to Germany)George Kennan (State Department advisor)Charles Bohlen (State Department advisor).Dwight Eisenhower AdministrationWhen CFR member Dwight Eisenhower became President, he appointed six CFR members to his Cabinet, and twelve to positions of 'Under Secretary':John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State, an in-law to the Rockefellers who was a founding member of the CFR, past Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)Allen Dulles (head of the OSS operation in Switzerland during World War II, who became Director of the CIA and President of the CFR)Robert B. Anderson (Secretary of the Treasury)Lewis Strauss (Secretary of Commerce)John F. Kennedy AdministrationWhen CFR member John F. Kennedy became President, 63 of the 82 names on his list of prospective State Department officials were CFR members. John Kenneth Galbraith said: "Those of us who had worked for the Kennedy election were tolerated in the government for that reason and had a say, but foreign policy was still with the Council on Foreign Relations people." Among the more notable members in his Administration:Dean Rusk (Secretary of State)C. Douglas Dillon (Secretary of the Treasury)Adlai Stevenson (U.N. Ambassador)John McCone (CIA Director)W. Averell Harriman (Ambassador-at-Large)John J. McCloy (Disarmament Administrator)Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)John Kenneth Galbraith (Ambassador to India)Edward R. Murrow (head of the U.S. Information Agency)Arthur H. Dean (head of the U.S. Delegation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference)Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (Special White House Assistant and noted historian)Thomas K. Finletter (Ambassador to NATO and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)George Ball (Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs)McGeorge Bundy (Special Assistant for National Security who went on to head the Ford Foundation)Robert McNamara (Secretary of Defense)Robert F. Kennedy (Attorney General)Paul H. Nitze (Assistant Secretary of Defense)Charles E. Bohlen (Assistant Secretary of State)Walt W. Rostow (Deputy National Security Advisor)Roswell Gilpatrick (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Henry Fowler (Under Secretary of State)Jerome Wiesner (Special Assistant to the President)Angier Duke (Chief of Protocol).Lyndon B. Johnson AdministrationRoswell Gilpatrick (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Walt W. Rostow (Special Assistant to the President)Hubert H. Humphrey (Vice-President)Dean Rusk (Secretary of State)Henry Fowler (Secretary of the Treasury)George Ball (Under Secretary of State)Robert McNamara(Secretary of Defense)Paul H. Nitze (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Alexander B. Trowbridge (Secretary of Commerce)William McChesney Martin (Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board)Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Board)Richard M. Nixon AdministrationNixon appointed over 100 CFR members to serve in his Administration, including:George Ball (Foreign Policy Consultant to the State Department)Dr. Harold Brown (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the senior member of the U.S. delegation for SALT talks with Russia)Dr. Arthur Burns (Chairman of the Federal Reserve)C. Fred Bergsten (Operations Staff of the National Security Council)C. Douglas Dillon (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Richard N. Cooper (Operations Staff of the National Security Council)Gen. Andrew I. Goodpaster (Supreme Allied Commander in Europe)John W. Gardner (Board of Directors, National Center for Volunteer Action)Elliot L. Richardson (Under Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Attorney General; and Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare)David Rockefeller (Task Force on International Development)Nelson A. Rockefeller (head of the Presidential Mission to Ascertain the Views of Leaders in the Latin America Countries)Rodman Rockefeller (Member of the Advisory Council for Minority Enterprise)Dean Rusk (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Gerald Smith (Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Cyrus Vance (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Richard Gardner (member of the Commission on International Trade and Investment Policy)Sen. Jacob K. Javits (Representative to the 24th Session of the General Assembly of the U.N.)Henry A. Kissinger (Secretary of State and Harvard professor who was Rockefeller's personal advisor on foreign affairs openly advocating a "New World Order")Henry Cabot Lodge (Chief Negotiator of the Paris Peace Talks [Vietnam war])Douglas MacArthur II (Ambassador to Iran)John J. McCloy (Chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Paul H. Nitze (senior member of the U.S. delegation for the talks with Russia on SALT)John Hay Whitney (member of the Board of Directors for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting)George P. Shultz (Secretary of the Treasury)William Simon (Secretary of Treasury)Stanley R. Resor (Secretary of the Army)William E. Colby (Director of the CIA)Peter G. Peterson (Secretary of Commerce)James Lynn (Housing Secretary)Paul McCracken (chief economic aide)Charles Yost (U.N. Ambassador)Harlan Cleveland (NATO Ambassador)Jacob Beam (USSR Ambassador)David Kennedy (Secretary of Treasury).Gerald R. Ford AdministrationWhen CFR member Gerald Ford became President, among some of the other CFR members:William Simon (Secretary of Treasury)Nelson Rockefeller (Vice-President)Jimmy Carter AdministrationPresident Carter (who became a CFR member in 1983) appointed over 60 CFR members to serve in his Administration:Walter Mondale (Vice-President)Zbigniew Brzezinski (National Security Advisor)Cyrus R. Vance (Secretary of State)W. Michael Blumenthal (Secretary of Treasury)Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)Stansfield Turner (Director of the CIA)Gen. David Jones (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)Ronald Reagan AdministrationThere were 75 CFR and Trilateral Commission members under President Reagan:Alexander Haig (Secretary of State)George Shultz (Secretary of State)Donald Regan (Secretary of Treasury)William Casey (CIA Director)Malcolm Baldridge (Secretary of Commerce)Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick (U.N. Ambassador)Frank C. Carlucci (Deputy Secretary of Defense)William E. Brock (Special Trade Representative)George H. W. Bush AdministrationDuring his 1964 campaign for the U.S. Senate in Texas, George Bush said: "If Red China should be admitted to the U.N., then the U.N. is hopeless and we should withdraw." In 1970, as Ambassador to the U.N., he pushed for Red China to be seated in the General Assembly. When Bush was elected, the CFR member became the first President to publicly mention the "New World Order" and had in his Administration nearly 350 CFR and Trilateral Commission members:Brent Scowcroft (National Security Advisor)Richard B. Cheney (Secretary of Defense)Colin L. Powell (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)William Webster (Director of the CIA)Richard Thornburgh (Attorney General)Nicholas F. Brady (Secretary of Treasury)Lawrence S. Eagleburger (Deputy Secretary of State)Horace G. Dawson, Jr. (U.S. Information Agency and Director of the Office of Equal Opportunity and Civil Rights)Alan Greenspan (Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board)Bill Clinton AdministrationWhen CFR member Bill Clinton was elected, Newsweek magazine would later refer to him as the "New Age President." In October, 1993, Richard Harwood, a Washington Post writer, in describing the Clinton Administration, said its CFR membership was "the nearest thing we have to a ruling establishment in the United States".Albert Gore, Jr. (Vice-President)Donna E. Shalala (Secretary of Health and Human Services)Laura D. Tyson (Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors)Alice M. Rivlin (Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget)Madeline K. Albright (U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.)Warren Christopher (Secretary of State)Clifton R. Wharton, Jr. (Deputy Secretary of State and former Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation)Les Aspin (Secretary of Defense)Colin Powell (Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff)W. Anthony Lake (National Security Advisor)George Stephanopoulos (Senior Advisor)Samuel R. 'Sandy' Berger (Deputy National Security Advisor)R. James Woolsey (CIA Director)William J. Crowe, Jr. (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board)Lloyd Bentsen (former member, Secretary of Treasury)Roger C. Altman (Deputy Secretary of Treasury)Henry G. Cisneros (Secretary of Housing and Urban Development)Bruce Babbit (Secretary of the Interior)Peter Tarnoff (Under Secretary of State for International Security of Affairs)Winston Lord (Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs)Strobe Talbott (Aid Coordinator to the Commonwealth of Independent States)Alan Greenspan (Chairman of the Federal Reserve System)Walter Mondale (U.S. Ambassador to Japan)Ronald H. Brown (Secretary of Commerce)Franklin D. Raines (Economics and International Trade).George W. Bush AdministrationRichard Cheney (Vice President, former Secretary of Defense under President G.H.W. Bush)Colin Powell (Secretary of State, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Bush and Clinton)Condoleeza Rice (National Security Advisor, former member of President Bush's National Security Council)Robert B. Zoellick (U.S. Trade Representative, former Under Secretary of State in the Bush administration)Elaine Chao (Secretary of Labor)Brent Scowcroft (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, former National Security Advisor to President Bush)Richard Haass (Director of Policy Planning at the State Department and Ambassador at Large)Henry Kissinger (Pentagon Defense Policy Board, former Secretary of State under Presidents Nixon and Ford)Robert Blackwill (U.S. Ambassador to India, former member of President Bush's National Security Council)Stephen Friedman (Sr. White House Economic Advisor)Stephen Hadley (Deputy National Security Advisor, former Assistant Secretary of Defense under Cheney)Richard Perle (Chairman of Pentagon Defense Policy Board, former Assistant Secretary of Defense in the Reagan administration)Paul Wolfowitz (Assistant Secretary of Defense, former Assistant Secretary of State in the Reagan administration and former Under Secretary of Defense in the Bush administration)Dov S. Zakheim (Under Secretary of Defense, Comptroller, former Under Secretary of Defense in the Reagan administration)I. Lewis Libby (Chief of Staff for the Vice President, former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense).The Christian Science Monitor said that "almost half of the Council members have been invited to assume official government positions or to act as consultants at one time or another."(page top)CFR Influence in Education and the MediaThe Council accepts only American citizens, and has a membership of about 3,600, including influential bankers, corporate officers, and leading government officials who have been significantly affecting domestic and foreign policy for the past 30 years. Every [recent] member had been handpicked by David Rockefeller, who heads the inner circle of the CFR.[snip]Some of the CFR directors have been:Walter Lippman (1932-37)Adlai Stevenson (1958-62)Cyrus Vance (1968-76, 1981-87)Zbigniew Brzezinski (1972-77)Robert O. Anderson (1974-80)Paul Volcker (1975-79)Theodore M. Hesburgh (1926-85)Lane Kirkland (1976-86)George H.W. Bush (1977-79)Henry Kissinger (1977-81)David Rockefeller (1949-85)George Shultz (1980-88)Alan Greenspan (1982-88)Brent Scowcroft (1983-89)Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick (1985- )Warren M. Christopher (1982-91)Richard Cheney (1987-89)Some of the College Presidents that have been CFR members:Michael I. Sovern (Columbia University)Frank H. T. Rhodes (Cornell University)John Brademus (New York University)Alice S. Ilchman (Sarah Lawrence College)Theodore M. Hesburgh (Notre Dame University)Donald Kennedy (Stanford University)Benno J. Schmidt, Jr. (Yale University)Hanna Holborn Gray (University of Chicago)Stephen Muller (Johns Hopkins University)Howard R. Swearer (Brown University)Donna E. Shalala (University of Wisconsin)John P. Wilson (Washington and Lee University).Among the members of the media who have been in the CFR:William Paley (CBS)Dan Rather (CBS)Harry Reasoner (CBS)Roone Arledge (ABC)Bill Moyers (NBC)Tom Brokaw (NBC)John Chancellor (NBC)Marvin Kalb (CBS)Irving LevineDavid Brinkley (ABC)John ScaliBarbara Walters (ABC)William Buckley (PBS, National Review)George StephanopoulosDaniel Schorr (CBS)Robert McNeil (PBS)Jim Lehrer (PBS)Diane SawyerHodding Carter IIISome of the major newspapers, news services and media groups that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:New York Times (Sulzbergers, James Reston, Max Frankel, Harrison Salisbury)Washington Post (Frederick S. Beebe, Katherine Graham, Osborne Elliott)Wall Street JournalBoston GlobeBaltimore SunChicago Sun-TimesL.A. Times SyndicateHouston PostMinneapolis Star-TribuneArkansas GazetteDes Moines Register and TribuneLouisville CourierAssociated PressUnited Press InternationalReuters News ServiceGannett Co. (publisher of USA Today and 90 other daily papers plus 40 weeklies; and also owns 15 radio stations, 8 TV stations, and 40,000 billboards).In 1896, Aldolph Ochs bought the New York Times, with the financial backing of J.P. Morgan (CFR), August Belmont (Rothschild agent), and Jacob Schiff (of Kuhn, Loeb and Co.). It later passed to the control of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, who was also a CFR member. Eugene Meyer, a CFR member, bought the Washington Post in 1933. [It was later] run by his daughter, Katherine Graham, also a member of the CFR.Some of the magazines that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Time, Inc. founded by CFR member Henry Luce and Hedley Donovan, which publishes Time, Fortune, Life, Money, People, Entertainment Weekly, and Sports IllustratedNewsweek (owned by the Washington Post, W. Averell Harriman, Roland Harriman, and Lewis W. Douglas)Business WeekU.S. News and World ReportSaturday ReviewNational ReviewReader's DigestAtlantic MonthlyMcCall'sForbesLookHarper's MagazineSome of the publishers that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:MacmillanRandom HouseSimon & SchusterMcGraw-HillHarper BrothersHarper & RowYale University PressLittle Brown & Co.Viking PressCowles Publishing.(page top)CFR Affiliated Organizations and CorporationsG. Gordon Liddy, former Nixon staffer, who later became a talk show pundit, laughed off the idea of a "New World Order", saying that there are so many different organizations working toward their own goals of a one-world government, that they cancel each other out. Not the case. You have seen that their tentacles are very far reaching, as far as the government and the media. However, as outlined below, you will see that the CFR has a heavy cross membership with many groups; as well as a cross membership among the directorship of many corporate boards, and this is a good indication that their efforts are concerted.Some of the organizations and think-tanks that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Brookings InstituteRAND CorporationAmerican AssemblyForeign Policy Association (co-founded by CFR member Raymond Fosdick)World Affairs CouncilBusiness Advisory CouncilCommittee for Economic DevelopmentNational Foreign Trade CouncilNational Bureau of Economic ResearchNational Association of ManufacturersNational Industrial Conference BoardAmericans for Democratic ActionHudson InstituteCarnegie Endowment for International PeaceInstitute for Defense AnalysisWorld Peace FoundationUnited Nations AssociationNational Planning AssociationCenter for Inter-American RelationsFree Europe CommitteeAtlantic Council of the U.S. (founded in 1961 by CFR member Christian Herter)Council for Latin AmericaNational Committee on U.S.-China RelationsAfrican-American InstituteMiddle East InstituteSome of the many companies that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Morgan, StanleyKuhn, LoebLehman BrothersBank of AmericaChase Manhattan BankJ. P. Morgan and Co.First National City BankBrown Brothers, Harriman and Co.Bank of New YorkCitiBank/CiticorpChemical BankBankers Trust of New YorkManufacturers HanoverMorgan GuarantyMerrill LynchEquitable LifeNew York LifeMetropolitan LifeMutual of New YorkPrudential InsurancePhillips PetroleumChevronExxonMobilAtlantic-Richfield (Arco)TexacoIBMXerox CorporationAT&TGeneral ElectricITT CorporationDow ChemicalE. I. du PontBMW of North AmericaMitsubishiToyota Motor CorporationGeneral MotorsFord Motor CompanyChryslerU.S. SteelProctor and GambleJohnson and JohnsonEstee LauderAvon ProductsR. J. R. NabiscoR. H. MacyFederated Department StoresGimbel BrothersJ. C. Penney CompanySears, Roebuck and CompanyMay Department StoresAllied StoresAmerican ExpressPepsiCoCoca ColaPfizerBristol-Myers SquibbHilton HotelsAmerican AirlinesIn September, 1922, when the CFR began publishing its quarterly magazine, Foreign Affairs, the editorial stated that its purpose was "to guide American opinion." By 1924, it had "established itself as the most authoritative American review dealing with international relations." This highly influential magazine has been the leading publication of its kind, and has a circulation of over 75,000. Reading this publication can be highly informative as to the views of its members. For instance, the Spring, 1991 issue, called for a U.N. standing army, consisting of military personnel from all the member nations, directly under the control of the U.N. Security Council.A major source of their funding (since 1953), stems from providing a "corporate service" to over 100 companies for a minimum fee of $1,000, that furnishes subscribers with inside information on what is going on politically and financially, both internationally and domestically; by providing free consultation, use of their extensive library, a subscription to Foreign Affairs, and by holding seminars on reports and research done for the Executive branch. They also publish books and pamphlets, and have regular dinner meetings to allow speakers and members to present positions, award study fellowships to scholars, promote regional meetings and stage round-table discussion meetings.Since the Council on Foreign Relations has been able to infiltrate our government, it is no wonder that our country has been traveling on the course that it has. The moral, educational and financial decline of this nation has been no accident. It has been due to a carefully contrived plot on behalf of these conspirators, who will be satisfied with nothing less than a one-world government. And it is coming to that. As each year goes by, the momentum is picking up, and it is becoming increasingly clear, what road our government is taking. The proponents of one-world government are becoming less secretive, as evidenced by George Bush's talk of a "New World Order." The reason for that is that they feel it is too late for their plans to be stopped. They have become so entrenched in our government, our financial structure, and our commerce, that they probably do control this country, if not the world. In light of this, it seems that it will be only a matter of time before their plans are fully implemented.

The biggest puppeteers of American politics follows the Neoliberalism agenda. This agenda wish to change Nation states for Market states. As they believe Nation states were responsible for the last 2 world wars…Its why they have setup many organisms in the likes of Council of Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission, Skulls and Bones, Bildenbergs and so forth… They work to establish their influences within the US government for decades, amounting to a parallel power structure within the US government. To give an example, here’s a resume of the influence of the CFR within the US power structure… Remember this is ONLY for the CFR! But before, Kennedy speech about the hidden government and power brokers…CFR Influence in the U.S. GovernmentFrom 1928-72, nine out of twelve Republican Presidential nominees were CFR members. From 1952-72, CFR members were elected four out of six times. During three separate campaigns, both the Republican and Democratic nominee were, or had been a member. Since World War II, practically every Presidential candidate, with the exception of Johnson, Goldwater, and Reagan, have been members.In Sen. Barry Goldwater's 1979 memoir, With No Apologies, he wrote: "When a new President comes on board, there is a great turnover in personnel but no change in policy." That's because CFR members have held almost every key position in every Administration, from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Bill Clinton.During that period, every Secretary of State (with the exception of Cordell Hull, James F. Byrnes, and William Rogers) has been a member. Every Secretary of Defense from the Truman Administration up to the Clinton Administration (with the exception of Melvin Laird) has been a member. Since 1920, most of the Treasury Secretaries have been members; and since the Eisenhower Administration, nearly all of the National Security Advisors have been members.Curtis Dall wrote in his book, FDR: My Exploited Father-in-Law:"For a long time I felt that FDR had developed many thoughts and ideas that were his own to benefit this country, the USA. But, he didn't. Most of his thoughts, his political 'ammunition' as it were, were carefully manufactured for him in advance by the CFR / One World money group."NATO CommandersThe position of Supreme Allied Commander of NATO has usually been held by CFR members, including:Gen. Dwight D. EisenhowerGen. Matthew B. RidgewayGen. Alfred M. GroentherGen. Lauris NorstadGen. Lyman L. LemnitzerGen. Andrew J. GoodpasterGen. Alexander M. Haig, Jr.Most of the superintendents at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point have been CFR members.Harry S. Truman AdministrationDean Acheson (Secretary of State)Robert Lovett (Secretary of State and later Secretary of Defense)W. Averell Harriman (Marshall Plan Administrator)John J. McCloy (High Commissioner to Germany)George Kennan (State Department advisor)Charles Bohlen (State Department advisor).Dwight Eisenhower AdministrationWhen CFR member Dwight Eisenhower became President, he appointed six CFR members to his Cabinet, and twelve to positions of 'Under Secretary':John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State, an in-law to the Rockefellers who was a founding member of the CFR, past Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)Allen Dulles (head of the OSS operation in Switzerland during World War II, who became Director of the CIA and President of the CFR)Robert B. Anderson (Secretary of the Treasury)Lewis Strauss (Secretary of Commerce)John F. Kennedy AdministrationWhen CFR member John F. Kennedy became President, 63 of the 82 names on his list of prospective State Department officials were CFR members. John Kenneth Galbraith said: "Those of us who had worked for the Kennedy election were tolerated in the government for that reason and had a say, but foreign policy was still with the Council on Foreign Relations people." Among the more notable members in his Administration:Dean Rusk (Secretary of State)C. Douglas Dillon (Secretary of the Treasury)Adlai Stevenson (U.N. Ambassador)John McCone (CIA Director)W. Averell Harriman (Ambassador-at-Large)John J. McCloy (Disarmament Administrator)Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)John Kenneth Galbraith (Ambassador to India)Edward R. Murrow (head of the U.S. Information Agency)Arthur H. Dean (head of the U.S. Delegation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference)Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (Special White House Assistant and noted historian)Thomas K. Finletter (Ambassador to NATO and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)George Ball (Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs)McGeorge Bundy (Special Assistant for National Security who went on to head the Ford Foundation)Robert McNamara (Secretary of Defense)Robert F. Kennedy (Attorney General)Paul H. Nitze (Assistant Secretary of Defense)Charles E. Bohlen (Assistant Secretary of State)Walt W. Rostow (Deputy National Security Advisor)Roswell Gilpatrick (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Henry Fowler (Under Secretary of State)Jerome Wiesner (Special Assistant to the President)Angier Duke (Chief of Protocol).Lyndon B. Johnson AdministrationRoswell Gilpatrick (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Walt W. Rostow (Special Assistant to the President)Hubert H. Humphrey (Vice-President)Dean Rusk (Secretary of State)Henry Fowler (Secretary of the Treasury)George Ball (Under Secretary of State)Robert McNamara(Secretary of Defense)Paul H. Nitze (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Alexander B. Trowbridge (Secretary of Commerce)William McChesney Martin (Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board)Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Board)Richard M. Nixon AdministrationNixon appointed over 100 CFR members to serve in his Administration, including:George Ball (Foreign Policy Consultant to the State Department)Dr. Harold Brown (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the senior member of the U.S. delegation for SALT talks with Russia)Dr. Arthur Burns (Chairman of the Federal Reserve)C. Fred Bergsten (Operations Staff of the National Security Council)C. Douglas Dillon (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Richard N. Cooper (Operations Staff of the National Security Council)Gen. Andrew I. Goodpaster (Supreme Allied Commander in Europe)John W. Gardner (Board of Directors, National Center for Volunteer Action)Elliot L. Richardson (Under Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Attorney General; and Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare)David Rockefeller (Task Force on International Development)Nelson A. Rockefeller (head of the Presidential Mission to Ascertain the Views of Leaders in the Latin America Countries)Rodman Rockefeller (Member of the Advisory Council for Minority Enterprise)Dean Rusk (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Gerald Smith (Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Cyrus Vance (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Richard Gardner (member of the Commission on International Trade and Investment Policy)Sen. Jacob K. Javits (Representative to the 24th Session of the General Assembly of the U.N.)Henry A. Kissinger (Secretary of State and Harvard professor who was Rockefeller's personal advisor on foreign affairs openly advocating a "New World Order")Henry Cabot Lodge (Chief Negotiator of the Paris Peace Talks [Vietnam war])Douglas MacArthur II (Ambassador to Iran)John J. McCloy (Chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Paul H. Nitze (senior member of the U.S. delegation for the talks with Russia on SALT)John Hay Whitney (member of the Board of Directors for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting)George P. Shultz (Secretary of the Treasury)William Simon (Secretary of Treasury)Stanley R. Resor (Secretary of the Army)William E. Colby (Director of the CIA)Peter G. Peterson (Secretary of Commerce)James Lynn (Housing Secretary)Paul McCracken (chief economic aide)Charles Yost (U.N. Ambassador)Harlan Cleveland (NATO Ambassador)Jacob Beam (USSR Ambassador)David Kennedy (Secretary of Treasury).Gerald R. Ford AdministrationWhen CFR member Gerald Ford became President, among some of the other CFR members:William Simon (Secretary of Treasury)Nelson Rockefeller (Vice-President)Jimmy Carter AdministrationPresident Carter (who became a CFR member in 1983) appointed over 60 CFR members to serve in his Administration:Walter Mondale (Vice-President)Zbigniew Brzezinski (National Security Advisor)Cyrus R. Vance (Secretary of State)W. Michael Blumenthal (Secretary of Treasury)Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)Stansfield Turner (Director of the CIA)Gen. David Jones (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)Ronald Reagan AdministrationThere were 75 CFR and Trilateral Commission members under President Reagan:Alexander Haig (Secretary of State)George Shultz (Secretary of State)Donald Regan (Secretary of Treasury)William Casey (CIA Director)Malcolm Baldridge (Secretary of Commerce)Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick (U.N. Ambassador)Frank C. Carlucci (Deputy Secretary of Defense)William E. Brock (Special Trade Representative)George H. W. Bush AdministrationDuring his 1964 campaign for the U.S. Senate in Texas, George Bush said: "If Red China should be admitted to the U.N., then the U.N. is hopeless and we should withdraw." In 1970, as Ambassador to the U.N., he pushed for Red China to be seated in the General Assembly. When Bush was elected, the CFR member became the first President to publicly mention the "New World Order" and had in his Administration nearly 350 CFR and Trilateral Commission members:Brent Scowcroft (National Security Advisor)Richard B. Cheney (Secretary of Defense)Colin L. Powell (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)William Webster (Director of the CIA)Richard Thornburgh (Attorney General)Nicholas F. Brady (Secretary of Treasury)Lawrence S. Eagleburger (Deputy Secretary of State)Horace G. Dawson, Jr. (U.S. Information Agency and Director of the Office of Equal Opportunity and Civil Rights)Alan Greenspan (Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board)Bill Clinton AdministrationWhen CFR member Bill Clinton was elected, Newsweek magazine would later refer to him as the "New Age President." In October, 1993, Richard Harwood, a Washington Post writer, in describing the Clinton Administration, said its CFR membership was "the nearest thing we have to a ruling establishment in the United States".Albert Gore, Jr. (Vice-President)Donna E. Shalala (Secretary of Health and Human Services)Laura D. Tyson (Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors)Alice M. Rivlin (Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget)Madeline K. Albright (U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.)Warren Christopher (Secretary of State)Clifton R. Wharton, Jr. (Deputy Secretary of State and former Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation)Les Aspin (Secretary of Defense)Colin Powell (Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff)W. Anthony Lake (National Security Advisor)George Stephanopoulos (Senior Advisor)Samuel R. 'Sandy' Berger (Deputy National Security Advisor)R. James Woolsey (CIA Director)William J. Crowe, Jr. (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board)Lloyd Bentsen (former member, Secretary of Treasury)Roger C. Altman (Deputy Secretary of Treasury)Henry G. Cisneros (Secretary of Housing and Urban Development)Bruce Babbit (Secretary of the Interior)Peter Tarnoff (Under Secretary of State for International Security of Affairs)Winston Lord (Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs)Strobe Talbott (Aid Coordinator to the Commonwealth of Independent States)Alan Greenspan (Chairman of the Federal Reserve System)Walter Mondale (U.S. Ambassador to Japan)Ronald H. Brown (Secretary of Commerce)Franklin D. Raines (Economics and International Trade).George W. Bush AdministrationRichard Cheney (Vice President, former Secretary of Defense under President G.H.W. Bush)Colin Powell (Secretary of State, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Bush and Clinton)Condoleeza Rice (National Security Advisor, former member of President Bush's National Security Council)Robert B. Zoellick (U.S. Trade Representative, former Under Secretary of State in the Bush administration)Elaine Chao (Secretary of Labor)Brent Scowcroft (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, former National Security Advisor to President Bush)Richard Haass (Director of Policy Planning at the State Department and Ambassador at Large)Henry Kissinger (Pentagon Defense Policy Board, former Secretary of State under Presidents Nixon and Ford)Robert Blackwill (U.S. Ambassador to India, former member of President Bush's National Security Council)Stephen Friedman (Sr. White House Economic Advisor)Stephen Hadley (Deputy National Security Advisor, former Assistant Secretary of Defense under Cheney)Richard Perle (Chairman of Pentagon Defense Policy Board, former Assistant Secretary of Defense in the Reagan administration)Paul Wolfowitz (Assistant Secretary of Defense, former Assistant Secretary of State in the Reagan administration and former Under Secretary of Defense in the Bush administration)Dov S. Zakheim (Under Secretary of Defense, Comptroller, former Under Secretary of Defense in the Reagan administration)I. Lewis Libby (Chief of Staff for the Vice President, former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense).The Christian Science Monitor said that "almost half of the Council members have been invited to assume official government positions or to act as consultants at one time or another."(page top)CFR Influence in Education and the MediaThe Council accepts only American citizens, and has a membership of about 3,600, including influential bankers, corporate officers, and leading government officials who have been significantly affecting domestic and foreign policy for the past 30 years. Every [recent] member had been handpicked by David Rockefeller, who heads the inner circle of the CFR.[snip]Some of the CFR directors have been:Walter Lippman (1932-37)Adlai Stevenson (1958-62)Cyrus Vance (1968-76, 1981-87)Zbigniew Brzezinski (1972-77)Robert O. Anderson (1974-80)Paul Volcker (1975-79)Theodore M. Hesburgh (1926-85)Lane Kirkland (1976-86)George H.W. Bush (1977-79)Henry Kissinger (1977-81)David Rockefeller (1949-85)George Shultz (1980-88)Alan Greenspan (1982-88)Brent Scowcroft (1983-89)Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick (1985- )Warren M. Christopher (1982-91)Richard Cheney (1987-89)Some of the College Presidents that have been CFR members:Michael I. Sovern (Columbia University)Frank H. T. Rhodes (Cornell University)John Brademus (New York University)Alice S. Ilchman (Sarah Lawrence College)Theodore M. Hesburgh (Notre Dame University)Donald Kennedy (Stanford University)Benno J. Schmidt, Jr. (Yale University)Hanna Holborn Gray (University of Chicago)Stephen Muller (Johns Hopkins University)Howard R. Swearer (Brown University)Donna E. Shalala (University of Wisconsin)John P. Wilson (Washington and Lee University).Among the members of the media who have been in the CFR:William Paley (CBS)Dan Rather (CBS)Harry Reasoner (CBS)Roone Arledge (ABC)Bill Moyers (NBC)Tom Brokaw (NBC)John Chancellor (NBC)Marvin Kalb (CBS)Irving LevineDavid Brinkley (ABC)John ScaliBarbara Walters (ABC)William Buckley (PBS, National Review)George StephanopoulosDaniel Schorr (CBS)Robert McNeil (PBS)Jim Lehrer (PBS)Diane SawyerHodding Carter IIISome of the major newspapers, news services and media groups that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:New York Times (Sulzbergers, James Reston, Max Frankel, Harrison Salisbury)Washington Post (Frederick S. Beebe, Katherine Graham, Osborne Elliott)Wall Street JournalBoston GlobeBaltimore SunChicago Sun-TimesL.A. Times SyndicateHouston PostMinneapolis Star-TribuneArkansas GazetteDes Moines Register and TribuneLouisville CourierAssociated PressUnited Press InternationalReuters News ServiceGannett Co. (publisher of USA Today and 90 other daily papers plus 40 weeklies; and also owns 15 radio stations, 8 TV stations, and 40,000 billboards).In 1896, Aldolph Ochs bought the New York Times, with the financial backing of J.P. Morgan (CFR), August Belmont (Rothschild agent), and Jacob Schiff (of Kuhn, Loeb and Co.). It later passed to the control of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, who was also a CFR member. Eugene Meyer, a CFR member, bought the Washington Post in 1933. [It was later] run by his daughter, Katherine Graham, also a member of the CFR.Some of the magazines that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Time, Inc. founded by CFR member Henry Luce and Hedley Donovan, which publishes Time, Fortune, Life, Money, People, Entertainment Weekly, and Sports IllustratedNewsweek (owned by the Washington Post, W. Averell Harriman, Roland Harriman, and Lewis W. Douglas)Business WeekU.S. News and World ReportSaturday ReviewNational ReviewReader's DigestAtlantic MonthlyMcCall'sForbesLookHarper's MagazineSome of the publishers that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:MacmillanRandom HouseSimon & SchusterMcGraw-HillHarper BrothersHarper & RowYale University PressLittle Brown & Co.Viking PressCowles Publishing.(page top)CFR Affiliated Organizations and CorporationsG. Gordon Liddy, former Nixon staffer, who later became a talk show pundit, laughed off the idea of a "New World Order", saying that there are so many different organizations working toward their own goals of a one-world government, that they cancel each other out. Not the case. You have seen that their tentacles are very far reaching, as far as the government and the media. However, as outlined below, you will see that the CFR has a heavy cross membership with many groups; as well as a cross membership among the directorship of many corporate boards, and this is a good indication that their efforts are concerted.Some of the organizations and think-tanks that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Brookings InstituteRAND CorporationAmerican AssemblyForeign Policy Association (co-founded by CFR member Raymond Fosdick)World Affairs CouncilBusiness Advisory CouncilCommittee for Economic DevelopmentNational Foreign Trade CouncilNational Bureau of Economic ResearchNational Association of ManufacturersNational Industrial Conference BoardAmericans for Democratic ActionHudson InstituteCarnegie Endowment for International PeaceInstitute for Defense AnalysisWorld Peace FoundationUnited Nations AssociationNational Planning AssociationCenter for Inter-American RelationsFree Europe CommitteeAtlantic Council of the U.S. (founded in 1961 by CFR member Christian Herter)Council for Latin AmericaNational Committee on U.S.-China RelationsAfrican-American InstituteMiddle East InstituteSome of the many companies that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Morgan, StanleyKuhn, LoebLehman BrothersBank of AmericaChase Manhattan BankJ. P. Morgan and Co.First National City BankBrown Brothers, Harriman and Co.Bank of New YorkCitiBank/CiticorpChemical BankBankers Trust of New YorkManufacturers HanoverMorgan GuarantyMerrill LynchEquitable LifeNew York LifeMetropolitan LifeMutual of New YorkPrudential InsurancePhillips PetroleumChevronExxonMobilAtlantic-Richfield (Arco)TexacoIBMXerox CorporationAT&TGeneral ElectricITT CorporationDow ChemicalE. I. du PontBMW of North AmericaMitsubishiToyota Motor CorporationGeneral MotorsFord Motor CompanyChryslerU.S. SteelProctor and GambleJohnson and JohnsonEstee LauderAvon ProductsR. J. R. NabiscoR. H. MacyFederated Department StoresGimbel BrothersJ. C. Penney CompanySears, Roebuck and CompanyMay Department StoresAllied StoresAmerican ExpressPepsiCoCoca ColaPfizerBristol-Myers SquibbHilton HotelsAmerican AirlinesIn September, 1922, when the CFR began publishing its quarterly magazine, Foreign Affairs, the editorial stated that its purpose was "to guide American opinion." By 1924, it had "established itself as the most authoritative American review dealing with international relations." This highly influential magazine has been the leading publication of its kind, and has a circulation of over 75,000. Reading this publication can be highly informative as to the views of its members. For instance, the Spring, 1991 issue, called for a U.N. standing army, consisting of military personnel from all the member nations, directly under the control of the U.N. Security Council.A major source of their funding (since 1953), stems from providing a "corporate service" to over 100 companies for a minimum fee of $1,000, that furnishes subscribers with inside information on what is going on politically and financially, both internationally and domestically; by providing free consultation, use of their extensive library, a subscription to Foreign Affairs, and by holding seminars on reports and research done for the Executive branch. They also publish books and pamphlets, and have regular dinner meetings to allow speakers and members to present positions, award study fellowships to scholars, promote regional meetings and stage round-table discussion meetings.Since the Council on Foreign Relations has been able to infiltrate our government, it is no wonder that our country has been traveling on the course that it has. The moral, educational and financial decline of this nation has been no accident. It has been due to a carefully contrived plot on behalf of these conspirators, who will be satisfied with nothing less than a one-world government. And it is coming to that. As each year goes by, the momentum is picking up, and it is becoming increasingly clear, what road our government is taking. The proponents of one-world government are becoming less secretive, as evidenced by George Bush's talk of a "New World Order." The reason for that is that they feel it is too late for their plans to be stopped. They have become so entrenched in our government, our financial structure, and our commerce, that they probably do control this country, if not the world. In light of this, it seems that it will be only a matter of time before their plans are fully implemented.P.S: if you read all of this, you’ll be happy to know that Trump is not part of that establishment… Its why he’s working way faster…