Health History Questionnaire (Pediatric: Fill & Download for Free

The fact that it works. It is odd that technology discovered nearly two hundred years ago, brain wave entrainment, is just now becoming a popular field of research and application. There are tens of thousands of people who claim to have benefitted from brainwave entrainment, me for one. It has been used for chronic pain management, treatment of ADHD, depression, and addictions, for improving depth of meditation, improving frequency of lucid dreaming, self hypnosis, memory improvement, and anywhere that altering brainwave frequency can have a positive effect. Some studies/references:a positive effect.Blackburn, J. (1999). Effects of 18.5 Hz audiovisual stimulation on EEG amplitude at the vertex. Journal of Neurotherapy, 3 (3), 23-27.Gardner, W. & Licklider, J. (1959). Auditory analgesia in dental operations. Journal of the American Dental Association, 59, 1144-1149.Gardner, W., Licklider, J. & Weisz, A. (1960). Suppression of pain by sound, Science, 132, 32.Kennerly, R. (2004). QEEG analysis of binaural beat audio entrainment: A pilot study.Journal of Neurotherapy. Vol 8, (2), 122.Lane, J., Kasian, S., Owens, J., & Marsh, G. (1998). Binaural auditory beats affect vigilance performance and mood. Physiology & Behavior. Vol 63, 2, 249-252.Lazarus, R. (1966). Some principles of psychological stress and their relation to dentistry. Journal of Dental Research, 45, 1620-1626.Le Scouarnec, R., Poirier, R.,Owens, J., & Gauthier, J. (2001). Use of binaural beat tapes for treatment of anxiety: a pilot study of tape preference and outcomes.Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7, (1), 58-63.Leonard, K., Telch, M., & Harrington, P. (1999). Dissociation in the laboratory: A comparison of strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 49-61.Manns, A., Miralles, R., & Adrian, H. (1981). The application of audiostimulation and electromyographic biofeedback to bruxism and myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. Oral Surgery, 52 (3), 247-252.Monsey, H. (1960). Preliminary report of the clinical efficacy of audio-analgesia.Journal of the California Dental Association, 36, 432-437.Morosko, T. & Simmons, F. (1966). The effect of audio-analgesia on pain threshold and pain tolerance. Journal of Dental Research, Vol 45, 1608-1617.Morse, D. & Chow, E. (1993). The Effect of the RelaxodontTM brain wave synchronizer on endodontic anxiety: Evaluation by galvanic skin resistance, pulse rate, physical reactions, and questionnaire responses. International Journal of Psychosomatics, 40 (1-4), 68-76.Oster, G. (1973). Auditory beats in the brain. Scientific American, X, 94-102.Schermer, R. (1960). Analgesia using the “Steregesic Portable”. Military Medicine, 125, 843-848.Sidney, B. (1962). Audio-analgesia in pediatric practice: a preliminary study. Journal of the American Pediatric Association, 7, 503-504.Siever, D. (2000). The rediscovery of audio-visual entrainment technology. Unpublished manuscript.Siever, D. (2003). Audio-visual entrainment: 1. History and physiological mechanisms.Biofeedback. 31 (2), 21-27.Stevens, L., Haga, Z., Queen, B., Brady, B., Adams, D., Gilbert, J.,Vaughan, E., Leach, C, Nockels, P, McManus, P. (2003). Binaural beat induced theta EEG activity and hypnotic susceptibility: Contradictory results and technical considerations American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. Vol 45, 4, 295-309.Ulam, F. (2006). An investigation of the effects of binaural beat frequencies on human brain waves. The Sciences and Engineering. Vol 67,2-B, 1198.Wahbeh, H., Calabrese, C., Zwickey, H., & Zajdel. D. (2007). Binaural beat technology in humans: A pilot study to assess neuropsychologic, physiologic, and electroencephalographic effects. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

The short answer: Yes.The longer answer:Adoption should not be classified as an easy solution to abortion because, for obvious reasons, adoption and abortion are no where near being the same thing. Women who choose to place their biological child for adoption do not do so for the same reasons women choose abortion. Yet, for some reason, adoption is labeled as something that fixes something else. When adoption is seen as a solution to abortion and not as a solution for a child who does not have a home or biological parents who are capable for caring for them, we start to see flawed thinking.Just like abortion, adoption is a complex decision. Other than that, the similarities between the two end.Why? Simple:The opposite of abortion is to give birthThe opposite of adoption is to raise the child you already gave birth toYes, many women who do not want/can not raise a child may consider both options - abortion or adoption - before they settle on one, but this doesn’t make adoption the solution. People continue to conflate that taking away access to one choice is fine because another choice is still there…that makes absolutely no sense, period, and I have numbers to back that up further. However, logically, the “adoption solves abortion” argument is inherently flawed thinking in its entirety.The thing about the anti-choice movement is this: forcing women to give birth is not “pro life”.I think it is very telling when you see the focus of priorities of anti-choice law makers.For instance, with abortion, there are laws that favor pressuring women who are pregnant to reconsider abortion:There are 27 states that make pregnant women have “Mandatory Waiting Periods” before they can have an abortion: [1]Many states require waiting periods between provider counseling and the abortion procedure. These mandatory waiting periods may require a woman to make two trips to the health care provider if the state requires the woman to receive counseling in person (as opposed to telephone, video call, or another avenue).“Informed Consent”: [2]A state may require a physician to provide a woman with such information such as alternatives to abortion, sources of financial aid, development of the child, and the gestational age of the child. Prior to 1992, informed consent provisions were unconstitutional.Another unethical thing with “informed consent” laws is that some states make doctors tell women that abortions will likely cause mental health issues: [3]In several states, including Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, North Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah and West Virginia, "informed consent" laws require health care providers to tell women seeking an abortion that the procedure can lead to mental illness. These laws are based in part on a 2009 study by psychology researcher Priscilla Coleman, who found a higher incidence of depression and other psychological disorders among women who had abortions.Since that time, many scientists — including Weitz herself — have published papers showing how Coleman's research methods were flawed. She made the basic "correlation equals causation" error, said Weitz. "You may have higher rates of depression in the population of women who choose abortion, but that's part of why they choose abortion. You can't make a causality argument, but that's what these studies try to do."Why is this weird? Because there are no informed consent laws regarding adoption.Why should there be? Because women should not be bullied towards one choice, period, especially if they do not have reliable information on either.So far, I see vulnerable women being taken advantage of, either way:Birth mothers can sign their rights away (permanently) as a mother to their child shortly after they give birth in these states: [4]Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Wisconsin, WyomingWhy does this matter? Because a birth mother can still be under the affects of pain medication, hormone fluctuations, etc. when making this choice.Birth mothers are also not informed that their biological child placed for adoption will more likely struggle with identity issues, learning disabilities, low self esteem, depression, anxiety, addiction, abandonment issues, ADD, ADHD, suicidal ideation/attempts:Identity Issues: [5]Identity formation begins in childhood and takes on increased importance and prominence during adolescence (Grotevant, 1997). Adoption is a significant aspect of identity for adopted persons, even when they are adults (Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, 2009). The task of identity development may be more difficult for an adopted person because of:the additional issues related to adoption, such as why he or she was placed for adoptionwhat became of the birth parentsdoes he or she have siblingswhether he or she resembles the birth parents in looks or in other characteristics.Learning Disabilities: [6]Low Self-Esteem: [7]Often accompanying these issues of identity are issues of self-esteem—that is, how the adopted person feels about him or herself. A number of studies have found that, while adopted persons are similar to nonadopted persons in most ways, they often score lower on measures of self-esteem and self confidence (Borders, Penny, & Portnoy, 2000; Sharma, McGue, & Benson, 1996). This result may reflect the fact that some adopted persons may view themselves as:differentout-of-placeunwelcomerejectedSome of these feelings may result from:the initial loss of birth parents and from growing up away from birth parents, siblings, and extended family members.They also may be caused by an ongoing feeling of being different from nonadopted people who know about their genetic background and birth family and who may be more secure about their own identity as a result.Additionally, some adopted persons report that secrecy surrounding their adoption contributes to low self-esteemDepression: [8]Cubito (1999) compared adoptees to normative data utilizing the Brief Symptom inventory as a measure of overall distress, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Anger Content Scale of the MMPI-2. Adoptees were compared to two normative scales; one for everyday people in our society, and one for a sample of outpatient mental health clinic patients.The overall finding was the adoptees scored about halfway between the outpatient and normative data on all of the test instruments. The same author found another sample of adoptees to score significantly higher (p<.01) on the same measures of overall distress and depression but not on the anger scale when compared with normative data for these tests (Cubito, 1996).Anxiety: [9]Another surprising conclusion that the Minnesota study produced was the fact that children adopted from within the U.S. are more prone to behavioral disorders than those adopted from overseas. Some 40,000 children worldwide annually emigrate from more than 100 countries through adoption, a trend increasing rapidly in the U.S. since the 1970s. But these foreign adoptees are far more likely to internalize their problems, suffering more commonly from depression or separation anxiety disorders.Domestic adoptees, on the other hand, tend to act out. While consistent with adolescents studied in both North America and Western Europe, Keyes says, this finding "goes against preconceived notions that kids from foreign cultures would have a harder time adapting to new families."Addiction: [10]Data collection included the Childhood Problems Scale, the Minnesota Substance Abuse Problem Scale, and the Minnesota Substance Abuse Treatment Questionnaire, and the Michigan Assessment-Screening Test/Alcohol-Drug. Findings showed that the prevalence of adoptees among SUD patients was 14 times higher than expected (95% Confidence Interval, 10 to 18 times).Adoptees reported childhood histories similar to those of non-adoptees with "any parental SUD", but they more closely resembled non-adoptees without parental SUD in regard to SUD severity and SUD treatment. Conclusion is that adoptees and their adoptive families should be alert to the increased risk of SUD among adoptees. Clinicians can expect that adoptees should manifest milder levels of SUD morbidity, similar to "non-heredity" SUD.Feelings of abandonment: [11]There can also be significant concerns about feeling abandoned and "abandonable," and "not good enough," coupled with specific hurt feelings over the birthmother's choice to "reject" the child" to "give me away" or "not wanting me enough."Such hurtful and vulnerable feelings may be compounded should the child learn that the birthmother later had other children that she chose to raise herself.ADD & ADHD: [12]First, most individuals adopted as infants are well-adjusted and psychologically healthy. Nevertheless, there exists a subset of adoptees who may be at increased risk for externalizing problems and disorders. The odds of being diagnosed as having ADHD and ODD were approximately twice as high in adoptees compared with nonadoptees.This excess of clinically meaningful behavioral problems in adopted adolescents has significance for researchers who examine the effect adoption has on individual functioning, for adoption agencies and their workers who counsel and advise members of the adoption triad, and for physicians who are dealing with an overrepresentation of adoptees in their clinical practices.Suicidal Ideations/attempts: [13]The study of more than 1,200 teens, all living in Minnesota, found that those who were adopted were almost four times more likely to attempt suicide. Out of all the participants, 47 out of 56 who attempted suicide were adopted, and girls faced a larger risk. Of the 47 adopted teens, 16 were boys and 31 were girls, and among those who weren’t adopted, four were boys and five were girls, Medscape reported.“Adolescence, in general, is a period of higher risk [for suicide attempt],” Dr. Victor Fornari, director of child and adolescent psychiatry at North Shore-LIJ Health System, told HealthDay News. “And now there’s evidence that the risk may be relatively higher for adopted adolescents.”American Academy of Pediatrics Study: [14]According to a 2001 survey conducted by the American Academy of Pediatrics, it was found that attempted suicide is more common among adolescents who live with adoptive parents than among adolescents who live with biological parents.This does not mean that most adopted kids will venture down this route; merely that there are commonalities with adopted children that separate them from birth children and might make them more prone to the causalities of suicide.I want to make it clear that I am not saying that adoption shouldn’t happen; I am saying that the birth mother is led to believe that her biological child will live happily ever after when it is more likely they will suffer - this is important because women are told that one option has x amount of risks but the other option is regarded as perfect. This shows a gross disregard about women making informed decisions, period. In fact, it shows that many law makers are willing to exploit and bully women based on a falsehoods.I’m adopted - in no way am I suggesting that people should not adopt - I love my parents and feel sick to my stomach when I even think about the possibility of them not adopting me.I am making the point that women are bullied into not aborting and that is not how it should be. Women should have access to reliable information for all of their options - it should be illegal to try and control what choice the woman ultimately picks.Birth mothers are also not told how they might feel after placing a child for adoption: [15]3/4 of birth mothers still experienced feelings of loss 12 to 20 years after placing their newborns.A study from the Donaldson Adoption Institute shows extensive data regarding the pain that birth mothers feel the rest of their lives regarding placing their child for adoption [16]In essence, women are pressured to carry a pregnancy to full term and then lose their biological child due to information that is purposefully deceitful and manipulative.The following will be based on information available in the United States.As an example of anti-choice people oversimplifying adoption, consider this quote from Mike Pence: [17]"There are so many families around the country who can't have children. We could improve adoption so that families that can't have children can adopt more readily those children from crisis pregnancies."The falsehoods in Pence’s quote:The terminology of “Crisis pregnancies” is faulty because “crisis” shouldn’t be assumed to mean that the issue is the lack of a parentPence alludes to a false reality; he asserts that there is a shortage of kids to adoptPence also objectifies women by talking about them as if their bodies should be seen as property for reproductive reasons - that is dehumanizing and misogynistic.Pence is wrong in alleging that not enough children are available for adoption. For instance, just considering the Foster Care system alone, here are the numbers: [18]Of the 400,000 children in foster care, more than 100,000 of them are waiting to be adopted.The former VP of public policy at the Guttmacher Institute, Cory L. Richards, said: [19]“Increasing the rate of completed adoptions, however valid on its own merits, is irrelevant to the abortion rate. And increasing the rate of newborn relinquishments, even assuming it could be done in an ethically and socially acceptable way, at best would be tinkering at the margins.Even if relinquishments doubled, and each one of them represented an averted abortion, it would make hardly a dent in the abortion rate.”And even if there were a shortage of children to be adopted, this is still unethical and misogynistic thinking; this logic ultimately produces a narrative that women are like cattle to be breed to produce offspring for others. That is a disturbing and corrupt way to view women and their bodies period.The people that do adopt are not adopting in rates that would put a dent in the abortions that currently occur. There would still be hundreds of thousands of children that aren't placed into families: [20]Adoptions in the U.S. in 2015:Comparatively, 699,202 abortions were done in the United States in 2012. [21]Based on the above numbers and the other statistics I included, I think it is clear that anti-choice argument regarding adoption is disingenuous and irrational.Footnotes[1] https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/state-indicator/mandatory-waiting-periods/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D[2] Abortion laws - Information on the law about Abortion - State Of The Statutes[3] Why don't we know more about the long-term effects of abortion?[4] Consent to Adoption: What Biological Parents Need to Know - FindLaw[5] https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubpdfs/f_adimpact.pdf[6] The Paradox of Adoption[7] https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubpdfs/f_adimpact.pdf[8] Internet Scientific Publications[9] Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews - TIME.com[10] Substance use disorder among adoptees: a clinical comparative study.[11] Long-Term Issues for the Adopted Child[12] The Mental Health of US Adolescents Adopted in Infancy[13] Adopted Teens 4 Times More Likely To Attempt Suicide: A Stark Reminder That Clinicians Should Take Parental Concerns Seriously[14] Attachment and Trauma Specialists[15] Impact of Adoption on Birth Parents: Responding to the Adoptive Placement[16] https://www.adoptioninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/2006_11_Birthparent_Study_All.pdf[17] The Mike Pence vs. Tim Kaine vice-presidential debate transcript, annotated[18] About the children[19] The Guttmacher Institute Mourns the Loss of Cory L. Richards, Executive Vice President and Vice President for Public Policy[20] Statistics | Intercountry Adoption[21] Abortion Surveillance - United States, 2012

Animal models show gut microbiota (bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea and eukaryotes such as helminths) influence various aspects of physiology including brain function. Though data on their effect on human physiology is sparse, gut-associated pathologies and mental health issues such as depression (1) are strongly linked. Reverse also applies. For example, strong correlations between autism severity and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (2, 3).Physicians have for long recognized the link between ‘melancholia' and constipation and other GI tract disturbances, and attempted to treat their symptoms with GI tract interventions (4). Though ideas such as autointoxication, the notion that psychiatric symptoms owed their genesis to GI tract disturbances (Colon cleansing - Wikipedia), faded over the 20th century, renewed research interest in gut-microbiota-brain link is helping move an idea that relied more on pseudoscience onto a firmer scientific footing.Recently the term psychobiotic was coined for, 'a live organism that, when ingested in adequate amounts, produces a health benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric illness' (5). Could such outcomes be engineered reproducibly and if yes, exactly how do they work? Here the story gets much murkier because so far little can be stated unequivocally and even less claimed as a replicable therapeutic approach capable of manipulating human neuropsychiatric outcomes at will (6).This answer briefly exploresPhysical and neurochemical links between gut, gut bacteria and brain: Vagus nerve, Serotonin, other neurochemicals.Human studies on gut bacteria and brain: too few, poorly done, contradictory results.Antibiotics could affect brain function: Could harm (insomnia, mood alterations, psychosis, mania, depression, autism) or help (treatment-resistant depression, schizophrenia).1. Physical & Neurochemical Links Between Gut, Gut Bacteria & BrainVagus nerve - WikipediaMajor nerve of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, the vagus nerve physically connects the ~100 million neurons of the enteric (gut) nervous system to the base of the brain at the medulla (7) with projections into many other parts of the brain including the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala (8). Gut inflammation and brain are theorized to connect via the vagus nerve, i.e., Inflammatory reflex - Wikipedia (9).Enteric nerves could directly sense bacteria (10).Vagus expresses receptors for many gastrointestinal hormones such as Ghrelin - Wikipedia, which regulate food intake (11), which may explain why blocking it can cause drastic weight loss (12, 13).Vagus nerve stimulation - Wikipedia is a procedure that increases parasympathetic tone. Its utility for https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment-resistant_depression strengthens the link between gut-associated inflammation and brain function.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SerotoninInfluencing brain states from appetite to circadian rhythms to moods, Serotonin is one of the clearest tangible links between gut microbiota and brain function. Major target of antidepressants, it's also the most studied neurotransmitter in psychiatric illnesses. Rather than the brain, the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterochromaffin_cell in the gut are the body's major source of serotonin (14), and mouse gut microbiota were found to play a role in its synthesis (15). Gut being abundant in both microbiota and serotonin, the latter in turn playing a major role in brain states, makes this a credible link though how serotonin, densely packed inside platelet granules, makes its way into the brain is still a mystery.Bacteria As Source Of Other NeurochemicalsMany microbes can not only abundantly secrete neurochemicals such as Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, GABA, Norpeinephrine, Serotonin in culture (16) but also respond to them (17). Sheer quantity of such neurochemicals suggests they may be of physiologic importance.For example, fermented foods such as Japanese funa-sushi (18) and Chinese paocai (19) use lactobacilli in their making and have millimolar levels of GABA in the final product.Bacteria that contaminate fish or shellfish products can secrete such large amounts of the neurotransmitter, histamine, testing is necessary to ensure levels don't exceed government guidelines for food poisoning (20).Gut bacteria are also an important source of vitamins important for CNS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system) function. For example, Lactobacillus reuteri, a normal human gut inhabitant, is a rich source of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12 (21), whose deficiency is implicated in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_tube_defect in fetuses (22, 23).2. Human Studies On Gut Bacteria & BrainToo many fundamentals yet lack answers. No consensus definition of what constitutes a healthy human gut microbiota. Gut bacteria alone are estimated to be >1000 species. Add how confounding variables such as age, diet, ethnicity, gender, location influence gut microbiota composition and the picture gets fuzzier rather than clearer. While proper understanding of gut microbiota-brain link requires an ecological approach, many studies assess gut microbiota-brain link in reductionist inbred rodent models whose results are hard if not impossible to extrapolate to human brain function.Often studies on effect of probiotics on brain function are poorly done, have few subjects and use questionnaires or scale-based assessments plagued by subjective bias.There are few RCT (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial).No wonder a 2015 systematic review found 'very limited evidence for the efficacy of probiotic interventions in psychological outcomes' (24) while a 2016 meta-analysis of RCTs could only provisionally conclude probiotics might improve CNS function but couldn't rule out https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_bias towards positive results (25).No surprise that studies so far (26, 27, 28, 29, 30) comparing gut microbiota between MDD (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder) patients and healthy controls yield contradictory data.OTOH, a small study when well-designed and controlled can yield useful pointers for future studies. In one such (31), healthy women were given fermented milk product with probiotic (n=12), non-fermented milk product (n=11), or nothing (n=13) twice daily for 4 weeks. The probiotics included Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis, Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus lactis subsp lactis. fMRI (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging) suggested such probiotics might reduce stress responses and enhance cognition in healthy subjects.3. Antibiotics Could Affect Brain FunctionDo antibiotics influence neuropsychiatric symptoms? Since antibiotics wipe out gut bacteria, this offers another avenue to explore gut bacteria-brain link. Case-reports, epidemiological studies, clinical trials, a variety of such studies suggest antibiotics could either harm or help brain function, distinction depending on the antibiotic and kinds of bacteria it targets.HarmOne of the clearest examples is from case reports of antibiotics inducing insomnia, mood alteration (32), psychosis (33, 34, 35), even mania, antibiomania, especially in the elderly (36). Antibiotics most commonly implicated in these unusual behavior changes are clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.A retrospective medical records-based study (37) of 202974 patients with depression, 14570 with anxiety, 2690 with psychosis with 803961, 57862 and 10644 matched controls, respectively, concluded recurrent antibiotic Rx increased risk for depression and anxiety but not psychosis.Link between prior heavy antibiotic use and autism is quite strong (38, 39, 40), especially use of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (41).Helphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minocycline, a semi-synthetic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antibiotic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracycline_antibiotics, is usually used to treat acne and other skin conditions. It's been suggested as a possibility for treatment-resistant depression (42) and schizophrenia (43).A small, open-label study found minocycline effective and well-tolerated in treatment-resistant depression (44).A pilot study by King's College, London, is completed but no results posted yet (45, 46).A couple of clinical trials are underway, one a phase II in Germany (47) and another in Thailand/Australia (48).Thus, accumulating circumstantial data suggests gut microbiota influence human brain function but little of it is as yet tangible and reproducible.Bibliography1. Foster, Jane A., and Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld. "Gut–brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression." Trends in neurosciences 36.5 (2013): 305-312. http://neuroscienceresearch.wustl.edu/userfiles/file/Gut_brain%20axis%20How%20the%20microbiome%20influences%20anxiety%20and%20depression_Tran%20%20%20.pdf2. Adams, James B., et al. "Gastrointestinal flora and gastrointestinal status in children with autism–comparisons to typical children and correlation with autism severity." BMC gastroenterology 11.1 (2011): 22. http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/722/art%253A10.1186%252F1471-230X-11-22.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fbmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com%2Farticle%2F10.1186%2F1471-230X-11-22&token2=exp=1490913749~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F722%2Fart%25253A10.1186%25252F1471-230X-11-22.pdf*~hmac=5e8cd5aabd04fa9cb5e76b98234f3a76e30c8976fb1655b04229baf2365471143. de Theije, Caroline GM, et al. "Pathways underlying the gut-to-brain connection in autism spectrum disorders as future targets for disease management." European journal of pharmacology 668 (2011): S70-S80. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Caroline_De_Theije2/publication/51541420_Pathways_underlying_the_gut-to-brain_connection_in_autism_spectrum_disorders_as_future_targets_for_disease_management/links/0046353cd31085a08d000000.pdf4. Phillips, J. George Porter. "The treatment of melancholia by the lactic acid bacillus." The British Journal of Psychiatry 56.234 (1910): 422-NP.5. Dinan, Timothy G., Catherine Stanton, and John F. Cryan. "Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic." Biological psychiatry 74.10 (2013): 720-726.6. MacQueen, Glenda, Michael Surette, and Paul Moayyedi. "The gut microbiota and psychiatric illness." J Psychiatry Neurosci 42.2 (2017): 75. http://jpn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/42-2-75.pdf7. Alcock, Joe, Carlo C. Maley, and C. Aktipis. "Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota? Evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms." Bioessays 36.10 (2014): 940-949. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201400071/epdf8. Kennedy, Paul J., et al. "Microbiome in brain function and mental health." Trends in Food Science & Technology 57 (2016): 289-301. http://download.xuebalib.com/xuebalib.com.8244.pdf9. Tracey, Kevin J. "The inflammatory reflex." Nature 420.6917 (2002): 853-859. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kevin_Tracey/publication/10983143_The_inflammatory_reflex/links/02bfe50f2bb12baba5000000/The-inflammatory-reflex.pdf10. Raybould, Helen E. "Gut chemosensing: interactions between gut endocrine cells and visceral afferents." Autonomic Neuroscience 153.1 (2010): 41-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014315/pdf/nihms133331.pdf11. Strader, April D., and Stephen C. Woods. "Gastrointestinal hormones and food intake." Gastroenterology 128.1 (2005): 175-191. http://www.siumed.edu/~astrader/Docs/Gastrointestinal%20hormones%20and%20Satiety.pdf12. Camilleri, Michael, et al. "Intra-abdominal vagal blocking (VBLOC therapy): clinical results with a new implantable medical device." Surgery 143.6 (2008): 723-731. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Camilleri7/publication/5306956_Intra-abdominal_vagal_blocking_VBLOC_therapy_Clinical_results_with_a_new_implantable_medical_device/links/583d3af808ae502a85e53e6f.pdf13. Sarr, Michael G., et al. "The EMPOWER study: randomized, prospective, double-blind, multicenter trial of vagal blockade to induce weight loss in morbid obesity." Obesity surgery 22.11 (2012): 1771-1782.14. Tirumalai Kamala's answer to How do SSRIs affect the microbiome?15. Wikoff, William R., et al. "Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites." Proceedings of the national academy of sciences 106.10 (2009): 3698-3703. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gary_Siuzdak/publication/24031915_Metabolomics_analysis_reveals_large_effects_of_gut_microflora_on_mammalian_blood/links/02e7e519e376f5d8ac000000.pdf16. Lyte, Mark. "Probiotics function mechanistically as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds: microbial endocrinology in the design and use of probiotics." Bioessays 33.8 (2011): 574-581. http://insanemedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Probiotics-as-delivery-vehicles-or-neurological-compounds.pdf17. Iyer, Lakshminarayan M., et al. "Evolution of cell–cell signaling in animals: did late horizontal gene transfer from bacteria have a role?." TRENDS in Genetics 20.7 (2004): 292-299. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Steven_Coon/publication/8489720_Evolution_of_cell-cell_signaling_in_animals_Did_late_horizontal_gene_transfer_from_bacteria_have_a_role/links/09e415101888a21a1f000000.pdf18. Komatsuzaki, Noriko, et al. "Production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from traditional fermented foods." Food microbiology 22.6 (2005): 497-504.19. Li, Haixing, et al. "A high γ-aminobutyric acid-producing Lactobacillus brevis isolated from Chinese traditional paocai." Annals of Microbiology 58.4 (2008): 649-653.20. Ieniştea, C. "Bacterial production and destruction of histamine in foods, and food poisoning caused by histamine." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 15.1 (1971): 109-113.21. Santos, Filipe, et al. "High-level folate production in fermented foods by the B12 producer Lactobacillus reuteri JCM1112." Applied and environmental microbiology 74.10 (2008): 3291-3294. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/1977722. Smithells, R. W., S. Sheppard, and C. J. Schorah. "Vitamin dificiencies and neural tube defects." Archives of Disease in Childhood 51.12 (1976): 944-950. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1546171/pdf/archdisch00822-0047.pdf23. Dror, Daphna K., and Lindsay H. Allen. "Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms." Nutrition reviews 66.5 (2008): 250-255. https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/pubag/downloadPDF.xhtml?id=17955&content=PDF24. Romijn, Amy R., and Julia J. Rucklidge. "Systematic review of evidence to support the theory of psychobiotics." Nutrition reviews 73.10 (2015): 675-693. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amy_Romijn/publication/281746557_Systematic_review_of_evidence_to_support_the_theory_of_psychobiotics/links/568fc18108aef987e56b64bd.pdf25. Wang, Huiying, et al. "Effect of probiotics on central nervous system functions in animals and humans: A systematic review." Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 22.4 (2016): 589-605. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/94b9/95180762e17b8c72e1c50ea366752df98fb6.pdf26. Naseribafrouei, A., et al. "Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression." Neurogastroenterology & Motility 26.8 (2014): 1155-1162. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arne_Linlokken/publication/262772373_Correlation_between_the_human_fecal_microbiota_and_depression/links/553a07fe0cf226723aba45af.pdf27. Jiang, Haiyin, et al. "Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder." Brain, behavior, and immunity 48 (2015): 186-194. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6cf5/4c91c2da814f116d86067ecda55ea9576d0c.pdf28. Zheng, P., et al. "Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host’s metabolism." Molecular psychiatry 21.6 (2016): 786-796.29. Aizawa, Emiko, et al. "Possible association of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder." Journal of affective disorders 202 (2016): 254-257. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emiko_Aizawa/publication/303505301_Possible_association_of_Bifidobacterium_and_Lactobacillus_in_the_gut_microbiota_of_patients_with_major_depressive_disorder/links/575e0de508ae9a9c955a7362.pdf30. Kelly, John R., et al. "Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat." Journal of Psychiatric Research 82 (2016): 109-118.31. Tillisch, Kirsten, et al. "Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity." Gastroenterology 144.7 (2013): 1394-1401. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0016508513002928/1-s2.0-S0016508513002928-main.pdf?_tid=035ce5c0-14cf-11e7-b2dc-00000aacb360&acdnat=1490826680_2a0ac2c4716b803c262f25acda13c50d32. Sternbach H & State R. (1997). Antibiotics: neuropsychiatric effects and psychotropic interactions. HarvRevPsychiatry 5, 214-226.33. Mehdi S. (2010). Antibiotic-induced psychosis: a link to D-alanine?. MedHypotheses 75, 676- 677.34. Bercik, Premysl, and Stephen M. Collins. "The effects of inflammation, infection and antibiotics on the microbiota-gut-brain axis." microbial endocrinology: the microbiota-gut-brain axis in health and disease. Springer New York, 2014. 279-289.35. Ly, Duy, and Lynn E. DeLisi. "Can antibiotics cause a psychosis?: Case report and review of the literature." Schizophrenia Research (2017).36. Abouesh, A., Stone, C. & Hobbs, W. R. Antimicrobial‐ induced mania (antibiomania): a review of spontaneous reports. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 22, 71–81 (2002).37. Lurie, Ido, et al. "Antibiotic exposure and the risk for depression, anxiety, or psychosis: a nested case-control study." The Journal of clinical psychiatry 76.11 (2015): 1522.38. Niehus, Rebecca, and Catherine Lord. "Early medical history of children with autism spectrum disorders." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 27.2 (2006): S120-S127.39. Atladóttir, Hjördis Ósk, et al. "Autism after infection, febrile episodes, and antibiotic use during pregnancy: an exploratory study." Pediatrics 130.6 (2012): e1447-e1454. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/130/6/e1447.full.pdf;40. Mezzelani, Alessandra, et al. "Environment, dysbiosis, immunity and sex-specific susceptibility: a translational hypothesis for regressive autism pathogenesis." Nutritional neuroscience 18.4 (2015): 145-161. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/927a/7da1bbb0a227b84409b7ea5ee1e121508db1.pdf41. Finegold, Sydney M., et al. "Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism." Clinical Infectious Diseases 35.Supplement 1 (2002): S6-S16. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul_Lawson/publication/11214219_Gastrointestinal_Microflora_Studies_in_Late-Onset_Autism/links/559ea6e708ae99dba5990dbd/Gastrointestinal-Microflora-Studies-in-Late-Onset-Autism.pdf42. Soczynska, Joanna K., et al. "Novel therapeutic targets in depression: minocycline as a candidate treatment." Behavioural brain research 235.2 (2012): 302-317. http://www.medicinabiomolecular.com.br/biblioteca/pdfs/Casos-Clinicos/cc-0499.pdf43. Chaudhry, Imran B., et al. "Minocycline benefits negative symptoms in early schizophrenia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients on standard treatment." Journal of psychopharmacology 26.9 (2012): 1185-1193. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul_Richardson11/publication/224819603_Minocycline_benefits_negative_symptoms_in_early_schizophrenia_A_randomised_double-blind_placebo-controlled_clinical_trial_in_patients_on_standard_treatment/links/5665fbc808ae418a786f39bb.pdf44. Miyaoka, Tsuyoshi, et al. "Minocycline as adjunctive therapy for patients with unipolar psychotic depression: an open-label study." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 37.2 (2012): 222-226.45. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02263872?term=NCT02263872&rank=146. Husain, Muhammad I., et al. "Minocycline as an adjunct for treatment-resistant depressive symptoms: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial." Trials 16.1 (2015): 410. http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/329/art%253A10.1186%252Fs13063-015-0933-5.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ftrialsjournal.biomedcentral.com%2Farticle%2F10.1186%2Fs13063-015-0933-5&token2=exp=1490823639~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F329%2Fart%25253A10.1186%25252Fs13063-015-0933-5.pdf*~hmac=cb6789708c5f94ec21b2354bd78fe86e294ca4d7bbb631ec2f4be904c3c8b73747. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02456948?term=NCT02456948&rank=148. Dean, Olivia May, et al. "Protocol and rationale-the efficacy of minocycline as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial." Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience 12.3 (2014): 180-188. http://www.cpn.or.kr/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.180Thanks for the R2A, Sabrina Ali.