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America's policy to close mental institutions/Asylums has been replicated throughout the West, including Australia!Why and how did we end up closing Mental Institutions/Asylums?Apparently, other than the criminally insane, it was decided that people with chronic low prevalence disorders needed to be integrated into society! For their own good!Although the government changed the policy and stated that it was in the interests of the client, the outcome has been different!To begin with, housing wasn't a significant issue back then, because as part of the transitional phase, the government developed housing complexes for many of the patients that left the Asylums.Government also gave grants to mental health related NGO's to develop a range of programs to help the patients assimilate with the rest of society.Why have so many patients discharged from the Mental Institutions/Asylums ended up on the streets, jail or dead?A major reason why government deinstitutionalisation policy (for the mentally ill) was introduced related to the cost of running the facilities.It did not take long for the government to sell off most of the Asylums located in expensive areas to developers to make housing subdivisions.The patients have been treated using a case management and outpatient system (well, in countries that have universal healthcare). This system has failed to adequately treat people with severe mental illness.Two decades after deinstitutionalisation housing and rental costs have gone up in price (logarithmic scale proportions) in Western countries. Unemployed people with a severe mental illness cannot afford the cost of living.To make matters worse, government has sold off much of its public housing (for vulnerable and disabled people). We have a 10 year minimum wait for public housing.However, most people that apply for public housing will never be accommodated. Certain people will always be prioritised meaning the 10 year waiting is much longer.Single females with children are prioritised for public housing. People with severe disabilities are also prioritised.Unfortunately, males with severe mental illness are not prioritised for public housing or other assistance. That’s why they die much earlier than the rest of the population.So, people with severe mental illness cannot work full time (or at all in many instances) and do not earn enough to pay rent and utility bills (that have gone up 300% since they were sold off cheaply a decade ago). People living on social security live below the poverty line.Lack of fore-planning and assistance to Carers!Government did not adequately assist the carers of deinstitutionalised patients sent to live with them. As a consequence, many carers could not cope with the needs of their loved ones and out of self-preservation; have reduced their support and in many cases kicked them out of their homes.It's a little late, but governments have started to invest some money into carer support programs. Perhaps as a knee jerk response to poor policy and political realities. However, these initiatives are not enough and come too late.The current model for treating people with a severe mental illness is not working!Most of the chronic severely unwell patients that pose a risk to themselves, others or property are currently case managed (CMx) in community mental health services (CMHS) attached to a local hospital.Case managers come from an allied health background and works with psychiatrists and psychiatric registrars to treat patients. Each case manager has about 30 patients at any one time and is pressured to discharge patients from their care ASAP.Mental illness rates have gone up but the services created to treat them are under resourced. On a daily basis, patients are being discharged from psychiatric wards (as I write) and referred to case managers that work in outpatient clinics.As a consequence, the case manager is forced to discharge patients before they are ready or have adequate supports set up. Outpatient clinics must accept patients (those with severe mental illness and deemed high risk) and discharged from psychiatric wards.The mental health system is not working! This has led to the “revolving door syndrome”. That is, patients are usually discharged to their GP's (and usually to unstable accommodation). GP’s are under resourced and under-skilled and cannot cope with the number of patients discharged to them.As a result, many discharged patients end up relapsing and coming back to the same clinic within months. Hence the revolving door syndrome. They leave, come back, leave and come back to the clinic over a period of decades.The above outcome is better than what awaits other patients that do not get treatment. They end up incarcerated, on the streets, suicide or are killed by police and other disturbed individuals!Why Politics and Mental Health Treatment Do Not Mix!According to the way our Department of Health collects statistics, when the patient that was unsuccessfully discharged returns to the CMHC for case management, they count as 2 people.So when the health minister quotes mental health treatment statistics to the public, it sounds like more and more people received treatment compared to the previous year. Public servants put together glossy brochures (for the public) claiming that they have reduced barriers to mental health treatment and achieved productivity gains.In other words, the government looks like it has achieved great productivity gains in the workplace and the statistics they manipulate to suit themselves are used to fool the public.How can we improve our mental health system?The above strategy assists the minister for health and government get re-elected. It also allows government to argue that the mental health system does not need additional funding or a “complete overhaul”.I believe some patients should have been left in Asylums due to the severity of their condition. I also believe that many patients should be given a chance to live in the community. If a patient fails to integrate (after being discharged a few times) perhaps they should be treated in an Asylum.I am not arguing for Asylums to be re-established! Instead, I am recommending massive changes to the mental health system.In retrospect, the policy makers should have followed best practice guidelines; improved the Asylums and set up a much better case management and outpatient system.We desperately need:more mental health workers,psychiatric beds in our hospitals,step down facilities,respite facilities.We also need to better support carers and mental health NGO's. We also have to change the NGO grant system. At the moment we have yearly grants and we force NGO’s to jump through hoops to compete for less and less money!Perhaps if the top 10% of our society and those with power had family members with similar problems, we would have a better mental health system.I also believe that if the government was not busy making our health system into a two-tier system, our most vulnerable citizens and their significant others would not be in this predicament.Kamal

Hi,Here is a list of some of the best tax saving options, plans and schemes for 2016 that can help individuals maximize tax benefits:Life insuranceLife Insurance plays an important role inthe individual’s financial portfolio offeringsecurity to the individual’s family in case of an eventuality. This makes it the breadwinner’s primary responsibilityto take life insurance at the earliest for the family’s security.Life insurance, be it traditional (endowment) or market-linked (ULIP), offers tax benefits to policyholders on the premiums paid.There are various life insurance plans like:Term plansEndowment plansULIPs or unit-linked plansMoney back plansRegardless of its nature, life insurance plans offer tax benefits to policyholders.Premiumspaid towards life insurance are covered under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act up to a maximum of Rs 1.5 lakhs. Proceeds on death / maturity are tax-free under Section 10(D).If policyis surrendered/terminated withinfive years, deductions claimed are added to income and taxed accordinglyPension plansPension Plans is another form of life insurance. They serve a different end-objective from other insurance plans like term plans and endowment plans – which are called protection plans. While protection plans are geared to financially secure the individual’s family on his death, pension plans aim at providing for the individual and his family if he lives on.Contributions towards pensionare covered under Section 80CCC(sub-section under Section 80C) of the Income Tax Act. The aggregate limit of deduction under all the sub-sections of Section 80C cannot exceed Rs 1.5 lakhs.On maturity 1/3rd of the accumulated pension amount is tax free with the balance 2/3rd treated as income and taxed at the marginal tax rate. The amount is tax free upon death of beneficiary.Health insurance or MediclaimHealth insurance or Mediclaim as it is more popularly known, covers expenses incurred from an accident/hospitalization. Mediclaim also covers pre and post-hospitalization expenses, subject to the sum assured Health Insurance offers tax benefits under Section 80D. Insurance premium upto Rs 20,000 for senior citizens and Rs 15,000 for others is eligible for tax benefit. If the policyholder pays Rs 15,000 as premium on his own policy and Rs 20,000 for his parent, a senior citizen, he can claim tax benefit of Rs 35,000 (Rs 15,000+20,000). Maturity value is tax free for sum received under critical illness policiesNPSThe NPS or the New Pension Scheme is regulated by the Pension Funds Regulatory and Development Authority – PFRDA. Any citizen of India over the 18 – 60 years age bracket can participate in it. It is extremely cost effective since fund management charges are low. The fund managers manage the money in three separate accounts having distinct asset profiles viz. Equity (E), Corporate bonds (C) and G Government securities (G). Investors can choose to manage their portfolio actively (active choice) or passively (auto choice).Contributions made to the NPS are covered under Section 80CCD of the Income Tax Act. The aggregate limit of deduction under this section along with Sections 80C, 80CCC cannot exceed Rs 1.5 lakhs.Given the range of options, NPS is particularly useful for individuals, with varying risk appetites, looking to set aside money towards retirement.Tax-saving mutual fundsInvestments in tax-saving mutual funds, also known as equity-linked savings scheme (ELSS), qualify for tax benefits. Tax-saving mutual funds invest in stockmarkets, among other assets, and are more suited for investors with medium to high risk appetite. Investments are locked in for three years.Investments towards tax-saving mutual funds are covered under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act up to a maximum of Rs 1.5 lakhs. Proceeds on death / maturity are tax-free under Section 10(D).For 80 GAllowable to all kind of Assessee:- Any person or ‘assessee’ who makes an eligible donation is entitled to get tax deductions subject to conditions. This section does not restrict the deduction to individuals, companies or any specific category of taxpayer.Donation to Foreign Trust:- Donations made to foreign trusts do not qualify for deduction under this section.Donation to Political Parties:- You cannot claim deduction for donations made to political parties for any reason, including paying for brochures, souvenirs or pamphlets brought out by such parties.Only donation made to made to prescribed funds and institutions qualify for deduction: – All donations are not eligible for tax benefits. Tax benefits can be claimed only on specific donations i.e. those made to prescribed funds and institutions.Maximum allowable deduction:- If aggregate of the sums donated exceed 10% of the adjusted gross total income, the amount in excess of 10% ceases to be entitled for tax benefit.Documentation Required for Claiming deduction U/s. 80GStamped receipt: For claiming deduction under Section 80G, a receipt issued by the recipient trust is a must. The receipt must contain the name , address & PAN of the Trust, the name of the donor, the amount donated (please ensure that the amount written in words and figures tally). In case of donation which are eligible for 100% deduction recipient should also insist on form 58 from trust. Form 58 contains the details of project cost (for which the donation is received), amount authorised under this project and the actual amount collected. Without form 58, the claim for 100% deduction could be rejected even if the receipt mentions 100% deduction.Mention of Registration No. of the Trust Under 80G on receipt:- The most important requirement is the Registration number issued by the Income Tax Department under Section 80G. This number must be printed on the receipt. Generally, the Income Tax Department issues the registration for a limited period (of 2 years) only. Thereafter, the registration has to be renewed. The receipt must not only mention the Registration number but also the validity period of the registration.Validity of Registration U/s. 80G on the date of Donation:- The donor must ensure that the registration is valid on the date on which the donation is given. For example, the registration of a trust may be valid from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2009. Now, if the trust does not get its registration renewed on or after April 1, 2009 then even if donation receipt is issued by the trust to the donor for donations received on or after April 1, 2009, the donor would not get any tax benefit.With Effect from 1st October 2009 it is not required for a trust to apply for renewal of 80G certificate, if the same is valid on 01.10.2009 or valid upto a date thereafter unless department specifically ask Trust to apply for renewal. So Old 80G certificate will remain valid if the same is valid on 01.10.2009.Photocopy of the 80G certificate :- Check the validity period of the 80G certificate. Always insist on a photocopy of the 80G certificate in addition to the receipt.Only donations in cash/cheque are eligible for the tax deduction:-Donations in kind do not entitle for any tax benefits. For example, during natural disasters such as floods, earthquake, and many organisations start campaigns for collecting clothes, blankets, food etc. Such donations will not fetch you any tax benefits. No deduction under this section is allowable in case of amount of donation if exceeds Rs 10000/- unless the amount is paid by any mode other than cash.Donation made by NRI: – NRIs are also entitled to claim tax benefits against donations, subject to the donations being made to eligible institutions and funds.Deduction if donation deducted from Salary and donation receipt certificate is on the name of employer:- Employees can claim deduction u/s 80G provided a certificate from the Employer is received in which employer states the fact that The Contribution was made out from employee’s salary account.Limit on donation amount: -There is no upper limit on the amount of donation. However in some cases there is a cap on the eligible amount i.e. a maximum of 10% of the gross total income.Deduction amount U/s. 80G:- Donations paid to specified institutions qualify for tax deduction under section 80G but is subject to certain ceiling limits. Based on limits, we can broadly divide all eligible donations under section 80G into four categories:a) 100% deduction without any qualifying limit (e.g., Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund).b) 50% deduction without any qualifying limit (e.g., Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust).c) 100% deduction subject to qualifying limit (e.g., an approved institution for promoting family planning).d) 50% deduction subject to qualifying limit (e.g., an approved institution for charitable purpose other than promoting family planning).List of Institution donation to whom is eligible to 100% deduction without any qualifying limit, eligible to 50% deduction without any qualifying limit, 100% & Subject to qualifying limit and of those eligible for 50% deduction subject to qualifying limit are as follows :-Donations with 100% deduction without any qualifying limit:1. Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund2. National Defence Fund3. Prime Minister’s Armenia Earthquake Relief Fund4. The Africa (Public Contribution – India) Fund5. The National Foundation for Communal Harmony6. Approved university or educational institution of national eminence7. The Chief Minister’s Earthquake Relief Fund, Maharashtra8. Donations made to Zila Saksharta Samitis.9. The National Blood Transfusion Council or a State Blood Transfusion Council.10. The Army Central Welfare Fund or the Indian Naval Benevolent Fund or The Air Force Central Welfare Fund.11. Army Central Welfare Fund, Indian Naval Ben. Fund, Air Force Central Welfare Fund.12. National Illness Assistance Fund13. Chief Minister’s or Lt. Governor’s Relief Fund14. National Sports Fund15. National Cultural Fund16. Govt./ local authority/ institution/ association towards promoting family planning17. Central Govt.’s Fund for Technology Development & Application18. National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation & Multiple Disabilities19. Indian Olympic Association/ other such notified association20. Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister’s Cyclone Relied FundDonations with 50% deduction without any qualifying limit.1. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund2. Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund3. National Children’s Fund4. Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust5. The Rajiv Gandhi Foundation6. Donations to govt./ local authority for charitable purposes (excluding family planning)7. Authority/ corporation having income exempt under erstwhile section or u/s 10(26BB)8. Donations for repair/ renovation of notified places of worship9. World Vision India10. Udavum KarangalDonations to the following are eligible for 100% deduction subject to 10% of adjusted gross total income1. Donations to the Government or a local authority for the purpose of promoting family planning.2. Sums paid by a company to Indian Olympic AssociationDonations to the following are eligible for 50% deduction subject to 10% of adjusted gross total income1. Donation to the Government or any local authority to be utilized by them for any charitable purposes other than the purpose of promoting family planning.Qualifying Limit:- The qualifying limits u/s 80G is 10% of the adjusted gross total income. The limit is to be applied to the adjusted gross total income. The ‘adjusted gross total income’ for this purpose is the gross total income (i.e. the sub total of income under various heads) reduced by the following:Amount deductible under Sections 80CCC to 80U (but not Section 80G)Exempt incomeLong-term capital gainsIncome referred to in Sections 115A, 115AB, 115AC, 115AD and 115D, relating to non-residents and foreign companies.Eligible Donation:- There are thousands of trusts registered in India that claim to be engaged in charitable activities. Many of them are genuine but some are untrue. In order that only genuine trusts get the tax benefits, the Government has made it compulsory for all charitable trusts to register themselves with the Income Tax Department. And for this purpose the Government has made two types of registrations necessary u/s. 12A & U/s. 80G. Only if the trust follows the registration U/s. 12A, they will get the tax exemption certificate, which is popularly known as 80G certificate. The government periodically releases a list of approved charitable institutions and funds that are eligible to receive donations that qualify for deduction. The list includes trusts, societies and corporate bodies incorporated under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956 as non-profit companies.ii) Donations to trusts/funds set up by the GovernmentIn this category, the entire amount donated i.e. 100 per cent of the donation amount is eligible for deduction. There is a long list of 21 funds/institutions/purposes for which donations given would qualify for 100 per cent eligibility. Notable among this list are:– The National Defence Fund– The Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund– Any fund set up by the State Government of Gujarat for earthquake reliefThe funds that figure in this long list are all set up by the Government. Private Trusts do not figure in this list.Thus, in this category of donations, the ceiling of 10 per cent of the gross total income as reduced by all other deductions under Chapter VI-A of the Income Tax Act does not apply.Hope it helps.

Well there are different block upgrades that the F-35 is undergoing and as for the Su-57 I have just received news from two days ago that there is going to be new engines, avionics and weapons. In other words there is going to be a 2nd version of the Su-57 under the “Megapolis Project.” So in my answer I will simply include the block versions of the F-35 and the two versions of the Su-57 with what is to be expected from the past to present upgrades. My evaluation is going to be presented here and it is going to be a pretty long one, so grab an energy drink or coffee. By the way my conclusion for your answer is going to be I don’t know so I will not be roasting either aircrafts but just present what is publicly available.F-35Here are the presented upgrades the F-35 will receive and here are the next topics we will discuss about the F-35.EnginesGE's Adaptive Fighter Engine Design Complete“In accordance with AETP requirements, the XA100 ramps up engine thrust by 10 percent while simultaneously improving fuel efficiency by 25 percent over what would typically be possible with a fighter jet engine. The key is XA100's variable cycle that allows for adjustment to the bypass ratio and fan pressure.”25% more fuel efficiency so 1.25 times the max range figures above we can get a range of 2,500km to 3,750kms with the new adaptive engines. This will be a significant improvement from the previous ranges.StealthThe F-35 on Final Approach - Air Force Magazine“Hostage caused a stir in late spring when, in press interviews, he said the F-35 would be stealthier than the F-22, its larger USAF stablemate. Conventional wisdom had pegged the F-22, with its angled, vectored-thrust engines, as a stealthier machine than the F-35. Hostage also said the F-35 would be unbeatable when employed in numbers, which is why the full buy of aircraft is “so critical.”The radar cross section of the F-22 was only estimated from the front. Because the F-22 was only suited for air to air combat, most of the frequencies it absorbs the most focus on just the fire-control range. The F-35 is meant for air to air and air to ground roles so the requirement for that aircraft would include lower frequencies such as VHF and UHF. The F-35 is less superior in just absorbing fire-control frequencies than just the F-22, but the F-35 is more superior to the F-22 in absorbing lower frequencies than fire-control.AvionicsBoth pilots mention they do not feel the need to use AWACs which shows that this aircraft has to have quite the situational awareness. 1m2 to 150kms was the old estimated radar tracking feature of when the F-35 had 1,200 modules and I am guessing that it was a 120 degree volume search and it could be even more farther away in tracking if it was a narrow radar beam.And what is mentioned by Billie Flynn an F-35 pilot on the 3rd video below. @48:30~[Billie Flynn] A: “So right we went from World War one the Red Bear and get the world war two like you're talking about p38 it's Spitfires it's against the great German pilot we get to Korea and fighter jets. we get to Vietnam same sort of thing we get to Top Gun thirty something years ago in that movie of dogfights.That's not my world anymore.I see the enemy 200 miles away.They'll never see you you'll never get to look at an F-35 in a dogfight. Because, he will have killed you many many policies it's significant distances away and you'll never even know that it happened to you.”He mentions the F-16 and F-18 as opponents for the F-35 in that video so technically speaking the F-35 can see a 1–5m2 target from 200 miles or 370kms away. And so far the only information I have received about the F-35’s radar is that it uses GaAS AESA. https://ir.qorvo.com/static-files/f3b850ac-b1d4-4935-9236-6a81990ac89bSome users claimed that those 5 NASA ATREX rockets in the video were alot closer since it was fired from the Wallops island and using google earth estimate 100–200kms instead of 1,300kms. However with sensor fusion using radar and EODAS that is some pretty good situational awareness.Also Next Generation DAS“Next Generation DAS will consist of six infrared cameras mounted around the aircraft to provide the pilot with outstanding situational awareness allowing detection of incoming threats from any angle day or night. Compared with its predecessor the new high resolution cameras will feature a 45-percent reduction in unit cost, 50-percent reduction in sustainment and operating costs, five times more reliable and 2 times performance improvement.”According to that video the performance will be even better the next generation versions.Dual-band low-profile antennas for intra-flight communication and data links“This system is compatible with both legacy aircraft IFDL and MADL communications and will be valid for next generation aircraft offering inter-flight communication between any mixed aircraft fleet. BENEFIT: The greatest benefit to the Air Force will be the enabling of inter-aircraft communication and data transfer between any mixed aircraft fleet. The FIRST RF technology and developmental plan offers a lower cost, modular approach that enables a much quicker design cycle. This results in hardware that may be validated on-platform sooner and at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods. The technology approach with this design will also allow for simple scalability to various platform requirements (i.e. gain, beamwidth, G/T, EIRP, SWAP). FIRST RF has identified additional commercial and military applications for this technology enabling GB/s data rates for extended range communications.”This frequency will operate at 20–30ghz. What makes this datalink significant over the link-16 is that these frequencies are high enough that current adversary aircrafts cannot jam these frequencies and with gigabyte speeds the information would be transferred immediately or more than 10,000 times faster than Link-16 would take to process that same amount of data.Lightning Reflexes - Armada International“The aircraft has radar warning receivers on the leading edge of its wings covering frequencies of bands 2, 3 and 4. Two band-3/4 RWRs are positioned close to the wingtips on the aft wing trailing edges and on the aft horizontal stabilisers, with additional RWRs covering band 2 either side of the aircraft’s exhaust. These provide the aircraft with full 360 degree coverage. Although the aircraft is presently configured to detect RF emissions in bands 2, 3 and 4, there is growth potential for this to encompass band-5 threats in the future. Although no details appear to have been publicly released it is thought that the AN/ASQ-239 can detect hostile radars transmitting in a two gigahertz to 20GHz waveband. Enhancements to the AN/ASQ-239 are being performed via a series of block enhancements which confer increasing levels of capability onto the self-protection system.”The band of the EW system is expected to be either lower or higher than the current range of 2–20 GHZ. This again shows why the MADL data-link can avoid EW suppression interference.Air to Air WeaponsAIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile (JATM)“As a pretext for the development of JATM called the emergence of the PRC new missile PL-15. According to known data, this product is able to reach speeds of up to M = 5 and fly over a distance of more than 200 km. AIM-260 must show performance at a minimum not lower than that of PL-15. In this regard, the development of a new propulsion system with the corresponding characteristics and permissible dimensions is required. According to some foreign publications, this is a new solid-fuel engine. A ramjet engine is excluded.”The Pentagon Is Working on a New Air-to-Air Missile.“Defense giant Raytheon has made steady improvements to the Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missile, or AMRAAM, since the weapon was first fielded in the '80s. The latest version, AIM-120D, has a range of approximately 100 miles, GPS guidance, improved high-angle boresight capability, and a two-way datalink.”Is the European Meteor Air-To-Air Missile Really the Best in the World?“You can find range estimates for the AIM-120D from about 40 miles to nearly 100 miles. Info on the Meteor is just as inconsistent, with range claims form from around 60 to 130 miles. How these missiles actually perform in various real-world scenarios is more important than their basic "brochure" fly-out ranges and features.”UK, Japan Push Ahead With Joint Air-to-Air Missile Project"The intention is to combine the active electronically scanned array seeker of the Mitsubishi Electric AAM-4B medium-range air-to-air missile with the Meteor as the AAM-4B is too bulky to fit into the F-35 A’s internal weapons bay."http://aviationweek.com/awin/japan-upgrading-60-f-2s-aam-4-japg-2"The crucial claim was that the AAM-4B could switch to autonomous guidance at a 40% greater range than either of the other two missiles and would similarly outperform what was expected to be the 2009 standard of the Russian R-77 (AA-12 Adder). In a 2010 paper, the ministry attributed the seeker's greater performance to the higher transmitting power available from the AESA. "日英共同開発のMBDA「ミーテイア」ミサイル試射は2022年度 | TOKYO EXPRESS"Because "AAM-4B" is thicker than "Meetiaa(" (AAM-4B / 20.3 cm versus Meetia / 17.8 cm), the seeker mounted in "Meetia" decreases cross section by 20% and the number of TR units Will be less, but because it is an improved type, the detection performance is said to be equal or better than expected.”The old R-77 has a 3m2 at 20km range Indian Air Force Gallery :: R-77RVV-AE [AA-12 Adder] - Bharat Rakshak So there is a likely possibility because of the 40% greater range than this that a 3m2 target will be tracked 28kms. JNAAMs is more smaller with a 20% decrease in size and they say the radar range performance will be equal or greater than the AAM-4B.Air to Ground WeaponsGBU-53/B StormBreaker“The GBU-39 follow-on developed under the SDB Increment II program, and named the GBU-40, is planned to start development in 2006. It is known that GBU-40/SDB II will provide a stand-off range of 60 nautical miles (+110 kilometers). In early 2005, GBU-40 development was committed to begin in fiscal year 2006 when GBU-39 was planned to enter into full rate production. The GBU-40 was released to be an optimized SDB intended capable of hitting moving targets on the ground following a requirement from the US Air Force and US Navy. The SDB II is expected to enter service with the Armed Forces of the United States of America by 2017.”8 X 113kg bombs can be fitted internally on the F-35.MBDA SPEAR 3 missile would bring true anti-ship capabilities to RAF and FAA F-35s“The weapon is to be able to engage fixed and mobile targets alike, with a data link enabling post-launch control and retargeting. The propulsion is also fundamental in order to achieve the range of at least 100 km that the British MOD wants. SDB is a 45 nautical miles glide weapon, while the UK MOD and MBDA believe they can achieve north of 62 nautical miles for SPEAR.Each F-35Bs on board the Royal Navy aircraft carriers would be able to deploy up to 8x SPEAR missiles while remaining low observable (thanks to the weapons bay). Thanks to SPEAR, F-35 would have a real anti-ship capability. Despite its subsonic speed and relatively small warhead (for anti-ship role) a single F-35 could theoretically launch a saturating attack of 8 missiles against a surface vessel. This is probably enough to disable or put out of combat even a frigate size vessel in most cases.”Janes | Latest defence and security news“Stuart said the company is evaluating multiple sources for the aft actuator solution and also for the new rocket motor design that, Jane's understands, is expected to deliver an engagement speed that is double that of the current AARGM. "Our assessment is that there are propulsion options out there that are high TRL and can quickly transition into a production scenario to meet the USN's timelines," he said.While the propulsion type has yet to be decided, a ramjet solution has not been discounted. "The current Orbital ATK design concept is not a ramjet, but it certainly doesn't remove that potential. However, it will be the USN and its requirements office that make the final decision on where they want to go with propulsion," he said.'Increased Survivability' is built into the AARGM ER requirement, although Stuart declined to comment on the specifics of the Orbital ATK solution, noting only that "speed is in the equation. We're going double the range in about the same amount of time, and you have to increase speed to achieve that; so speed in and of itself is an improvement to survivability. There are other aspects of our design solution that improve survivability, but these are not releasable".From sources I have heard that only the F-35A and F-35C is able to carry 2 of these internally. speeds of mach 2 and 150km was introduced before by AGM-88. But to cover the same distance with the exact time means mach 4 with a 300km double the range. 11.5 inches will be the diameter and assuming it has the same original 4.17 meter length. Missile has yet to be operational or test fired. Orbital ATK Reveals New 'Double-Range' AARGMTwo of these can fit inside the F-35.New Lockheed Concept Shows Navy F-35C Armed With Hypersonic Cruise Missiles“Lockheed Martin has revealed a concept for a variant of its air-launched Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept hypersonic missile, or HAWC, as an armament option for U.S. Navy's F-35C Joint Strike Fighter, and potentially other aircraft, possibly in a maritime strike role. HAWC, which has so far been under development as a land attack weapon, is set to fly for the first time before the end of the year.”Looking at this image as well I am assuming that 2 of these can be fired from the F-35.Su-57 Version 1I hope no-one is feeling exhausted about all that in depth information of the F-35. Because after I cover the 1st version of the Su-57, I would than need to cover the 2nd version of the Su-57 that is to be tested in 2022 and completed by 2024.1st Stage Engineshttps://web.archive.org/web/20181119173624/https://army-news.ru/2018/01/su-35s-ili-su-57-chto-vazhnee-dlya-vks-rossii/“The aircraft is a deep modernization of the Su-27P. The aircraft is capable of carrying weapons up to 8 tons. The aircraft is capable of carrying almost all types of modern guided aircraft weapons. It has a standard combat radius of 1,500 km. The maximum flight range at altitude without outboard fuel tanks (PTB) is 3600 km, with 2 PTB 4500 km.”Stealthhttps://www.fips.ru/cdfi/fips.dll/en?docid=2502643&ty=29“As disadvantages of the known technical solution, it should be noted the high value of the effective scattering surface (EPR), which determines the detection characteristics of aircraft by enemy radar. For a known aircraft, the EPR value is of the order of 10-15 m 2 (here we consider the average value for the selected angle).The technical result to which the invention is directed is to reduce the radar signature of the aircraft to an average of about 0.1-1 m 2 .”https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2758617“There is no exact data on the EPR of the fighter: the spread of the figures given by different sources is from 0.3 to 0.0001 square meters. According to domestic experts EPR F-22A is from 0.5 to 0.1 square meters.”There is a good reason why I pulled these two sources. For starters the radar cross section they are measuring for the Su-57 seems to include the front, back, top and sides in that patent. If you are not good at comprehension even the images show that not only the front is taken into account. The earliest source of the F-22 taken was back in 2007 stating that the measurement was only taken from the front. And the front side of any aircraft always has the smallest radar cross section from having the smallest surface area. Because depending on angles the size differences can go from 10 to 10000 times the size bigger than compared to the front.The 2nd source shows they are using a different RCS measurement for the F-22 than what the U.S. gave for the F-22 and that is not a bad measurement they gave when comparing it to their aircraft so I would not accuse them for being bias to say the least.AvionicsТотальный радар Су-57http://www.promweekly.ru/archive/kret/KRET_4-2017.pdf“On-board radio electronic equipment is being improved. Now the transmission power of the transceiver module of the active phased array antenna is 5–7 watts. After switching to the use of gallium nitride in microwave transmitters, the power can increase to 20 watts. Accordingly, the performance parameters of the radar will improve, and its dimensions will decrease.”There have been changes even for the 1st version of the Su-57. 400kms is the max range for the byelka radar and looking at the 1st image for reference of KRETs 2015 article it seems that the side radars are very close to touching a 200km range so the side band radars are less than 200kms.“The fifth-generation Russian fighter Su-57 received "smart skin". Antennas of the H036 Belka radar station are now located not only in the nose of the car (which allows you to see objects in the front hemisphere), but also distributed over the surface of the aircraft. According to experts, this will provide the Russian fighter with enhanced capabilities. The car will receive a circular view for hundreds of kilometers, and the pilot will be warned in a timely manner of danger.”The radar has went from 240–300 degrees(depending on sources) to being reported to have a 360 degree view which means there were changes made particularly to the radars of the Su-57. And KRET was referencing next gen aircrafts in that 2017 article stating GaN has improved their performance for AESA for 20 watts. The same company showed an image reference of that by counting the lines there are like 4 circles around the Su-57 and since it is known the main radar is 400kms each circle can reference 100kms meaning the side radars back than had a range less than 200kms. But since that 2019 article stated “hundreds” meaning a range of 200kms or more than this shows a nice chance that modules have been replaced for better modules like going from GaAS to GaN or more modules were added than before.https://www.niip.ru/upload/iblock/4c8/4c89c11ae741be234a5f900b3fb41e86.pdfIn 2014 they stated that 3 of the 4 GaN modules will be used on the EW systems for the Su-57, Su-35 and Su-34. In their 2015 article they stated that not only GaAS but GaN is present in their EW systems. Rostec announced 3 of the 4 EW systems will receive these modules in 2014. Than on October 2014 the Himalayas was added to the back of the Su-57, The new jammers for the Su-35 were said to be tested in Syria on 2016 than presented on the Maks airshow of 2017. And on May 2018 the Su-34 received new jammers meaning there was a large likely hood that all 3 new airborne EW systems are using it as we speak. And since 2019 it was stated the Su-57 has a 360 degree radar vision which means that the Himalayas in the back functions as a radar and not just a EW system would also means that a GaN radar is confirmed to be present on the back of the Su-57.If there are people that are not feeling to convinced about the radars and EW systems I believe that is the least amount of worries until I cover the 2nd version of the Su-57. This by no means says that the 1st version of the Su-57 should be considered a pushover even if the 2nd version is considered more superior than the 1st.Airborne IRST properties and performance“OLS-50 is IRST for T-50/PAK FA fighter. It is the first QWIP system deployed on Russian fighters, which suggests far higher detection range than earlier systems as well as the ability to identify targets.”На Су-57 проводят испытание новой версии системы связи с криптозащитой“TASS news agency, citing the head of the NTC "Flight" Alexei Ratner, reports that the flight modification of the OSNOD was developed for the Su-57 fighter jet. In particular, the system uses interference-resistant data recovery coding. The enemy is deprived of the ability to intercept the information flow that goes from one aircraft to another or from the plane to the ground and back. According to Alexei Ratner, the system that passes the tests is one of the most interfering communication and navigation systems.”The S-111 system was used for the Su-57 but I believe that a new better communication system called OSNOD will be more superior than the S-111 system.Air to Air WeaponsBeyond Visual Range Air-to-air Missiles for India’s LCA, Su-30MKIThe max range stated for the K-77M is 193kms. And the new host radar for either ku or ka-band for export is .003m2 at 2kms.Russia and India to Develop Hypersonic ‘AWACS Killer’ Missile for Su-30MKI Fighters“The R-37M, able to intercept targets up to 400km away at around Mach 6, is 50% faster than the K-100 and has a much longer 400km range. The missile is manoeuvrable enough to engage fighters, and integrates more powerful sensors and electronic warfare countermeasures.“Air to Ground weaponsРоссийские ударные беспилотники получат планирующие бомбы 9-А-7759 «Гром»“Option 9-A-7759, in addition to folding wings, is equipped with a small jet engine. The flight range is 120 km, the mass of military equipment is 315 kg, the power of a high-explosive fragmentation warhead is 2 OFAB 250.Option 9-A1-7759 - the main engine is replaced with an additional high-explosive fragmentation charge. The flight range is 65 km, the mass of the warhead reaches 480 kg, the power is 1.5 OFAB 500U.Option 9-A2-7759. It has a high-explosive fragmentation warhead replaced by a thermobaric. The flight range is 65 km, the mass of the warhead is 370 kg, and the power is 2 KAB 500 OD.”Okhotnik-B is said to carry any 4 of these bombs internally.Anti-radiation missile Kh-58UShKE | Catalog RosoboronexportMax range 245 kms, top speed mach 3.4, length, width and height is 4.19 meters by .4 meters by .4 meters. 2 can be carried internally.Its a 550km range aircraft cruise missile which 2 can be fitted in the Su-57 and comes with a low altitude cruise flight profile which I would suggest this is the high to low profile range. Also flies at high subsonic speeds.Su-57 Version 2 (Nick Named Super-Dry But Correct Term Is Super Sukhoi!)Выйдет «Супер-Сухим»: истребитель Су-57 ожидает модернизация?"Super Dry" will take off in two years. Testing of the first upgraded fifth-generation fighter will begin in the summer of 2022. Officially, the product is called the "Su-57 of the second stage." But among the military and aircraft builders, the machine was nicknamed "Super-Dry." In addition to the completely new engine, the aircraft will be equipped with a package of modern avionics and on-board systems. It is planned to complete the development work at the end of 2024, which will allow to proceed to the production of an improved modification of the fighter. The gradual introduction of improvements in the design of such sophisticated weapons as modern warplanes has become a common practice in Russia and abroad, experts say.Within "Megapolis"A large-scale upgrade has already been planned for the Su-57, which has not yet been adopted. The Ministry of Defense has agreed on the timing and technical task for the updated fighter of the "second stage," sources in the defense-industrial complex told Izvestia. The technical appearance of the modernized machine has already been defined, now the task of the industry is to manufacture it in the set time frame. The aircraft will significantly exceed the current version in combat capabilities, the sources added.New weapons, avionics and engines will be added to the newer Su-57. I do have some information as to what those new things might be.EnginesВыйдет «Супер-Сухим»: истребитель Су-57 ожидает модернизация?“Earlier, representatives of the United Engine Building Corporation (JDC) stated that the new engine has "breakthrough characteristics" and will make the Su-57 an even more advanced project. Among its advantages is called increased traction: it will allow to develop supersonic speed without the inclusion of a booster. Also, the engine will have the best performance, including an increased resource. The plasma ignition system will improve fuel combustion.As part of the design work, about two dozen prototypes of "product 30" for ground and air testing were made. Earlier this year it became known that they are already being tested in a flying laboratory. The first photos of the Su-57 taking off with one manufactured experimental engine appeared in March this year. The characteristic jagged shape of the nozzle with a controlled thrust vector should reduce the radar visibility of the fighter.As Izvestia previously wrote, one of the components of the Su-57 modernization will be the replacement of hydraulic drives of control surfaces with electric motors. This should reduce its visibility for radars, increase maneuverability and increase survivability in the event of damage.”Avionicshttps://www.niip.ru/upload/iblock/4c8/4c89c11ae741be234a5f900b3fb41e86.pdf“KRET and the Advanced Research Foundation have agreed to implement an advanced sci-tech project, named Development of the Radio-Photonics-Based Active Phased Array Radar (ROFAR). The project implies building a new specialised laboratory and developing a versatile technology that would form the hub of new-generation radars and EW systems. The investments in the project will amount to 680 million rubles. “Nanophotonics is a promising fi eld of research, which will soon determine the vector of dual-use systems’ development in advanced countries,” said KRET’s Director General Nikolai Kolesov. “With the help of cutting-edge technologies as soon as in the 2020s we will be able to make efficient and advanced transcieving devices, radars and electronic intelligence and electronic countermeasures systems, which would replace the existing lineup.” The laboratory will be set up at KRET’s facilities. Making use of the concern’s test benches, it will ensure all the necessary conditions for research. Among other things, the laboratory will have the ‘clean room’ environment with a minimum level of dust, microbes and chemical vapors.”http://www.promweekly.ru/archive/kret/KRET_4-2018.pdf“RADIO-PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS In view of the above, much attention is given to the development of EW systems for the land, sea and airspace applications. EW systems cover almost all known types of physical fields – electromagnetic, including optoelectronic, and sound field. Extensive and continuous use of EW systems results in certain specific characteristics of their components, materials, technologies and general system approaches used in their design. One of the essential technological novelties currently being implemented in EW are the ultra-wide bands (UWB) operating within a frequency range of 10 to 100 GHz. Because of limited capabilities of methods and devices for identifying and tracking the enemy’s RE operations in UWB, small-sized efficient EW systems currently cannot be implemented and their development is seriously hindered. This problem can be solved through using a radio-photonic technology that will provide sufficient improvement of EW equipment combat potential and a steady continuous control of a practically unlimited frequency band.”Russia To Equip PAK-FA Fighter With Radio-Optical Phased Array Radar“The developer of ROFAR, KRET has established a laboratory on radio photonics. The concern has already started to perform laboratory tests to create ROFAR. Designed to be finished in 4.5 years, the project remains on schedule, which was agreed on with the Foundation for Advanced Studies.”В России создан 3D-радар нового типа“The Russian army may soon get a new type of radar that is able more effectively than traditional radars to identify targets even under conditions of jamming. The fundamental difference between radiophonic locators is that the signal processing is realized with the aid of optics, and not by the microwave electronics.New technology creates a 3D image of the object, its three-dimensional portrait, and allows to determine its type. It is expected that in the next few years radiophotonic radars will be installed on the promising multifunctional fighters of the new generation.The first prototype of the radar based on discrete radiophonic elements already created, has informed "Izvestia" the head of JSC "RTI" Maxim Kuzyuk. According to sources of "Izvestiya", the Ministry of defence takes part in trials of the new type radar.The promising technology has several advantages. First and foremost, it is the size of the new locator – it is assumed that their size will be substantially less. In addition, they are reliable. Thirdly, more resistant to electromagnetic radiation.At the moment the company develops the technology and carries out tests while looking for a new component database. In particular, the developers talk about the need for photonic integrated circuits.”Before I get into the technical details I am going to have to 1st explain why there is now a high possibility that for the 2nd version it will carry photonic integrated circuits for its new radar and EW system. This Megapolis program for the Su-57 starts at the beginning of 2022 and ends at the end of 2024. December 2015 KRET has said it will take 4.5 years to complete the radar and RTI mentions in 2020 the prototype radar has been created. If we use the F-22 as a comparison they had a 3rd gen radar created at 1999 and was successfully tested in 2001. They created the 4th gen radar version in 2005 and it was successfully tested in 2007 and included for the new lot of F-22s later on.RTI would launch FICs production to start in 2023–2025. The Deputy Defense Minister Alexei Krivoruchko said that the contract purchase for the 2nd stage version will be done in the mid-2020s(this is excluding the 76 1st stage Su-57s). So now the 2nd stage version testing a ROFAR along with mass production starting of those circuits seems to be a very high chance of happening now.КРЭТ - Концерн Радиоэлектронные Технологии news 3768“for example, take ground-based radar. Today, this radar is the size of a multi-story home, but using microwave photonics, the station can be installed on a standard KAMAZ truck. The effectiveness and range of the radar would be exactly the same, namely thousands of kilometers. Several of these mobile and small radar systems can be networked, which will only increase their characteristics.”俄罗斯苏57失败板上钉钉？仍有最后一丝希望反败为胜|俄罗斯|战斗机|雷达_新浪军事_新浪网"The official propaganda of the Russians is generally the same: the detection distance is too far, the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 60%, the traditional radar is only 30%, and the noise is 100 times lower than the conventional radar, which greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and the theoretical detection distance for the stealth target. More than 500 kilometers!"The background noise would be lowered by 100 times or in other words a -20 decibel drop. So if a F-22 is able to see a 1m2 target at 400kms and than it had its radars replaced with ROFAR the target becomes .01m2 from 400kms away instead. If you do not trust the Chinese there is an old comparison done by KRET where they say a giant ground radar can now be mobile in a KAMAZ truck and the smaller radar on the truck would work as efficiently as a ground radar. So no matter how you look at it this going to be one powerful radar and even EW system for the Su-57.Air to Air MissilesThe new air to air missile is shown in the top and it is not clear as to what name it has but the 2nd missile from top to bottom is the K-74 and the 3rd missile is the R-77. Range and radar lock-on is currently unknown.Air to Ground WeaponsИсточники: опытный образец гиперзвуковой ракеты создан для Су-57“A small-sized inboard fuselage hypersonic missile was developed for the Russian fifth-generation fighter Su-57, a prototype of ammunition was created. This was reported on Sunday by TASS sources in the military-industrial complex."The enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex have created a prototype of a small-sized air-to-surface hypersonic missile for intra-fuselable deployment on a Su-57 fighter," said one of the agency’s interlocutors.Another source confirmed the creation of the prototype and clarified that "the rocket has not yet been tested with the carrier aircraft." The interlocutors did not disclose the characteristics of the latest ammunition.”ConclusionThe avionics on the F-35 could have changed and I am seeing signs that changes were made for the 1st Su-57 version. We know the 2nd version of the Su-57 will get the 2nd stage engine, We sort of got a general idea what can be included in that new avionics package and we have little information on the latest weapons to be used on the 2nd version of the Su-57 and more weapons can be included that were not physically presented before.I cannot determine if the F-35 is more stealthy than the Su-57 or the other way around because they take different measurements and they do not specify enough how they take those measurements for an aircrafts radar signature. We have a general idea which parts of the Su-57 they took their radar measurements for but not for the F-35. And it is already included that the measurements the F-22 and Su-57 have taken are completely different.The Russians admit they are 10 years behind in MMIC technology. But that does not automatically mean the Su-57 will have bad radar or EW performance because.The latest information I have received is that Qorvo has only announced to have supplied GaAS modules for the F-35 as early as the Su-57 receiving GaAS modules. But of course I have seen radar information change on the Su-57 and after the F-35 went from 1,200 to 1,676 modules we still do not know if changes were done after that.This point is simple and that is the performance of photonic integrated circuits. But keep on mind FICs is a completely different field of electronics from MMIC which means do not expect to hold a 10 year + advantage.Lets say that Russia never even upgraded to GaN or FICs for its EW systems. This does not mean the F-35 would have a better EW suppression performance because the Su-57 is still known for having a lot of T/R modules across its body than just its nose that can be used for EW.The F-35 and Su-57 have completely different engines. One can carry higher payloads but have a lesser range. The other can carry lesser payload but has a wider internal weapon storage to conceal bigger things, etc. And if one country excels at the other for weapons that can change around as well shorter than expected. One aircraft can carry more glide bombs but that same aircraft does not have a higher payload with the same range as the other. Also both aircrafts possess the networking and sensor fusion. I cant tell which aircraft is better than the other but I consider them both great.