Indication Application: Fill & Download for Free

DO:Always carry an umbrella when visiting in monsoon season. It rains cats and dogs here.Download the M-indicator application on your smartphone. It will prove to be a life-saver.Try street food. It comes with a variety of dishes. Most of them are hygienic.Research some good places according to your interests. There are tremendous of them for sight-seeing.A night-walk on Marine drive if you’re having a good companion. You’ll experience the immense happiness.DON’T:Don’t dare to travel during 9–11:30 AM and 7–10 PM. Rush will probably kill you out of suffocation.Don’t attempt to travel local trains without a proper ticket. System is quite strict here.Don’t sit on a ladies’ seat if you’re a male travelling in a bus. They know their rights and sometimes they break humanity while securing their rights.Don’t stare at the couples or females. Don’t be too talkative with someone engaged in his phone, book, newspaper or in himself.Don’t carry warm clothes even in winters. It is humid here and moreover, your bag will be heavier with worthless warm clothes.Unless you’re carrying a gun or bomb, nothing and nobody is going to bother you much. Enjoy your trip.P2

The best way to find the buses of a certain route in Pune is downloading the Pune Indicator application from the play store. You will each and every transportation related to Pune there.

Yes, there are in fact applications enough for fire ant venoms to fill up a book chapter.Foreword:Ant venoms are remarkably chemically diverse. Humans have been making use of ant toxins for medical and spiritual applications for centuries. Practical applications of ant venoms are thus nothing new for human folklore.Insertion of hands into gloves full of stinging venomous bullet-ants is an ancient initiation tradition of indian warriors in the Brazilian Amazon. Image credits: Jornal GGNFire ants:Science is much younger than cultural traditions: the venoms of invasive fire ants only started getting serious official attention since in the 1940s when black imported fire ants started causing havoc in Southern United States.The fire ants surprised scientists in being the first described arthropods to have a venom mainly composed of alkaloids. Such compounds were hitherto believed to be characteristic of plants, by the well-known examples of nicotine, coniine, anabaseine. Fire ant venom is over 95% made of solenopsins (https://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiK7KfN57fcAhUKkJAKHdGPAXIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.m.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ASolenopsin.svg&psig=AOvVaw2trG0D2McW705vbzwRLBJT&ust=1532524152540674), which are piperidinic alkaloids.A venom droplet exuded by a minor worker of the Red Imported Fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren. (Of measured size) Photo credit: Eduardo FoxThese oily, poorly-soluble alkaloids are responsible for the burning sensation caused by fire ant stings, and a later formation of a local pustule. Solenopsin alkaloids are insecticidal, inflammatory, antibiotic, apart from a number of physiological activities. Solenopsin alkaloids can travel within the body without modifications, through the brain blood-barrier.The rest of the venom is made of allergenic toxic proteins. These minor components are seen as the most dangerous: people can die of anaphylaxis following fire ant stings.Main applications (some links lead to deposited patents):Scientific investigations indicate applications of fire ant venoms are manifold!(i) Because of their string insecticidal effects and capacity of entering the bloodstream by absorption, they are being used against blood-sucking parasites of veterinary importance. Let me make this clear: pets are being given pills full of fire ant venom to rid them of ticks and fleas.(ii) Also based on their low toxicity by oral intake and facility of entering the bloodstream, some doctors envision the application of “fire ant venom therapy” against Alzheimer and related CNS diseases! That means, pills full of fire ant venom could be given to elder people in an attempt to revert cognitive degeneration.(iii) Based on strong fungicidal properties, fire ant venom may be a sustainable “organic” pesticide. Their use would not be limited to crops, but also to treat medical infections. Launching these larger applications depends merely on making their production and/or extraction cheaper.(iv) Going back to human & animal applications of fire ant venom, one of the main components (isosolenopsin A) is registered as a promising anti-cancer chemotherapic drug which prevents tumor growth;(v) the same compound is suggested to be useful against psoriasis through effects on related inflammation and angiogenesis biochemical pathways. Apparently a product is already available in the market.(vi) Recent results indicate the alkaloids may also help in chemotherapies against serious systemic human parasite infections, such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease [1].(vii) Finally yet of central importance is the use of the fire ant venom proteins in immunotherapy. This is mainly for desensitising allergic victims of fire ants’ attacks so that they can continue to live in infested areas, but there are exciting recent results [1] suggesting acquired resistance to fire ant venom protects mammals from parasitic infections.This answer is a bit rushed, but I hope it provides an initial overview linking to a few most relevant references.A minor S. invicta worker stinging me. Photo courtesy of Roberto Eizemberg.Additional notes:Another overview on fire ant venom toxins is found here.[1] Papers of mine, to be published soon; will update when these come out.