Biology Syllabus And Behavioral Contract Biology Syllabus And: Fill & Download for Free

SAT ChemistryThe Chemistry Subject Test assesses your ability to organize and interpret results obtained by observation and experimentation. The test also measures your aptitude for drawing conclusions and/or making inferences using experimental data, including data presented in graphic and/or tabular form.This test for students interested in pre-med and engineering programs. The SAT Subject Test in Chemistry is arguably one of the toughest of the SAT Subject Tests therefore only take this test if you excel in your chemistry class (again, usually honors-level) and plan on doing a healthy level of extracurricular study. Calculators are prohibited, and the test requires a high level of conceptual understanding.Structure of Matter (25%)Atomic Structure, including experimental evidence of atomic structure, quantum numbers, and energy levels (orbitals), electron configurations, periodic trendsMolecular Structure, including Lewis structures, three-dimensional molecular shapes, polarityBonding, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, relationships of bonding to properties and structures; intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dispersion (London) forcesStates of Matter(16%)Gases, including the kinetic molecular theory, gas law relationships, molar volumes, density, and stoichiometryLiquids and Solids, including intermolecular forces in liquids and solids, types of solids, phase changes, and phase diagramsSolutions, including molarity and percent by mass concentrations, solution preparation, and stoichiometry, factors affecting the solubility of solids, liquids, and gases, qualitative aspects of colligative propertiesReaction Types(14%)Acids and Bases, including Brønsted-Lowry theory, strong and weak acids, and bases, pH, titrations, indicatorsOxidation-Reduction, including recognition of oxidation-reduction reactions, combustion, oxidation numbers, use of activity seriesPrecipitation, including basic solubility rulesStoichiometry(14%)Mole Concept, including molar mass, Avogadro’s number, empirical and molecular formulasChemical Equations, including the balancing of equations, stoichiometric calculations, percent yield, and limiting reactantsEquilibrium and Reaction Rates(5%)Equilibrium Systems, including factors affecting the position of equilibrium (LeChâtelier's principle) in gaseous and aqueous systems, equilibrium constants, and equilibrium expressionsRates of Reactions, including factors affecting reaction rates, potential energy diagrams, activation energiesThermochemistry(6%)Including conservation of energy, calorimetry, and specific heats, enthalpy (heat) changes associated with phase changes and chemical reactions, heating and cooling curves, entropyDescriptive Chemistry(12%)Including common elements, the nomenclature of ions and compounds, periodic trends in chemical and physical properties of the elements,reactivity of elements and prediction of products of chemical reactions, examples of simple organic compounds and compounds of environmental concernLaboratory(8%)Including knowledge of laboratory equipment, measurements, procedures, observations, safety, calculations, data analysis, interpretation of graphical data, drawing conclusions from observations and dataSAT BiologyThe Biology Subject Test assesses your understanding of the major concepts of biology, and your ability to apply the principles learned to solve specific problems in biology. You will have one hour to answer all 80 questions, 60 multiple-choice questions on core principles in biology; then, you'll answer an additional 20 multiple-choice questions on Biology-E or Biology-M. Biology Ecological or Biology Molecular. We recommend this test for students interested in pre-med and science programs.Score Range: 200-800Time: 60 MinutesQuestions: 80 (Multiple Choice)The Biology Subject Test offers two options: the Ecological Biology exam and the Molecular Biology exam.SAT Biology SyllabusCellular and Molecular Biology (12% on E and 25% on M)Cell Structure and Organization, Mitosis, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Enzymes, Biosynthesis, Biological ChemistryEcology (25% on E and 12% on M)Energy Flow, Nutrient Cycles, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biomes, Biodiversity, Effects of Human InterventionGenetics (12% on E and 25% on M)Meiosis, Mendelian genetics, Inheritance Patterns, Molecular GeneticsOrganismal biology (25% on E and 25% on M)Structure, Function, and Development of Organisms (with emphasis on plants and animals), Animal BehaviorEvolution and diversity (25% on E and 12% on M)Origin of Life, Evidence of Evolution, Patterns of Evolution, Natural Selection, Speciation, Classification and Diversity of OrganismsSAT PhysicsThe Physics Subject Test measures your ability to solve specific problems with the application of physical principles. The test also assesses your understanding of simple algebraic, trigonometric, and graphical relationships, the concepts of ratio and proportion, and how to apply these concepts to physics problems.For students interested in engineering or majoring in physics or computer science. The Physics SAT Subject Test requires a full conceptual understanding of physics, comfort with all related equations, and an ability to adapt. Note that, unlike with the AP Physics C exam, Calculus is not required.Points: 200-800Minutes: 60Questions: 75 (Multiple Choice)SAT Physics SyllabusMechanics(36%-42%)Kinematics, such as velocity, acceleration, motion in one dimension, and motion of projectilesDynamics, such as force, Newton’s laws, statics, and frictionEnergy and momentum, such as potential and kinetic energy, work, power, impulse, and conservation lawsCircular motion, such as uniform circular motion and centripetal forceSimple harmonic motion, such as a mass on a spring and the pendulumGravity, such as the law of gravitation, orbits, and Kepler’s lawsElectricity and Magnetism(18%–24%)Electric fields, forces, and potentials, such as Coulomb’s law, induced charge, field and potential of groups of point charges, and charged particles in electric fieldsCapacitance, such as parallel-plate capacitors and time-varying behavior in charging/ dischargingCircuit elements and DC circuits, such as resistors, light bulbs, series and parallel networks, Ohm’s law, and Joule’s lawMagnetism, such as permanent magnets, fields caused by currents, particles in magnetic fields, Faraday’s law, and Lenz’s lawWaves and Optics(15%–19%)General wave properties, such as wave speed, frequency, wavelength, superposition, standing wave diffraction, and Doppler effectReflection and refraction, such as Snell’s law and changes in wavelength and speedRay optics, such as image formation using pinholes, mirrors, and lensesPhysical optics, such as single-slit diffraction, double-slit interference, polarization, and colorHeat and ThermodynamicsThermal properties, such as temperature, heat transfer, specific and latent heats, and thermal expansionsLaws of thermodynamics, such as first and second laws, internal energy, entropy, and heat engine efficiencyHeat and Thermodynamics(6%–11%)Thermal properties, such as temperature, heat transfer, specific and latent heats, and thermal expansionsLaws of thermodynamics, such as first and second laws, internal energy, entropy, and heat engine efficiencyModern Physics(6%–11%)Quantum phenomena, such as photons and the photoelectric effectAtomic, such as the Rutherford and Bohr models, atomic energy levels, and atomic spectraNuclear and particle physics, such as radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and fundamental particlesRelativity, such as time dilation, length contraction, and mass-energy equivalenceMiscellaneous(4%–9%)General, such as the history of physics and general questions that overlap several major topicsAnalytical skills, such as graphical analysis, measurement, and math skillsContemporary physics, such as astrophysics, superconductivity, and chaos theory

Let’s hope for the best…...coz hope can bring spark to the derkness.Start from today and go through your syllabus, pick some easy chapters, you have solved earlier , because it gives confidence.Daily read all three subjects. you can twist the following advice as per your need.I can help you club some chapters together in chemistry. Similarly, you must do in other subjects. Remember, chemistry is most scoring subject in all. Chemistry alone can add 150 to your score.Complete sample paper questions & then all NCERT intext questions & exercise questions.In the beginning, some questions may sound alianatic, but as you keep on practicing, because” practice makes man perfect”Day 1,2- Periodic properties(just focus on effective nuclear charge, screening effect & exceptional order) +s-block(focus on solubility order, flame test, solution in liquid ammonia & different name processes) +hydrogen(focus on H2O2 & its volume strength)Day 3,4-Chemical Bonding(focus on Lattice energy, hydration energy terms &Fajan’s rule, VSEPR theory & hybridisation table is must & its applications, some idea of dipole moment & bond order, bond angle exceptions, hydrogen bonding, focus onMOT& then go through all structures given in p-block class 11 & 12 both & note them down with names)Day 5,6,7- Metallurgy(focus on table of ores, trick for ellingham diagram & names of different process like baeyer, hall-heroult, & refining processes are important; now make list of metals & reduction process used e.g, lead- both air-reduction and coke reduction) +surface chemistry(focus on difference btw physio + chemi sorption, adsorption isotherms & all about colloids) +polymers(type & list of monomers)Day 7,8- Basic concepts of chemistry(focus on problem solving on concentration units & based on mole concept questions of last year) + Redox reactions(forget balancing, just learn some popular RA & OA and their n-factors + law of equivalents) +Electrochemistry(focus on Kohlrausch's law + Nernst equation + all about Conductivity)Day 9,10- Atomic structure(bohr’s model , formulae + photoelectric effect + dual nature of particle + heisenberg principle + graphs of RDF & number of nodes & Hund’s , Aufbau, Pauli’ rules) +Modern Physics-Dual nature of matter & radiation + Electronic devices & Communication systemsDay 11,12- Gaseous state (focus on dalton’s law & non-real gases) + KTG (physics)Day 13,14- Thermodynamics (physics) + thermodynamics(hess law + entropy & free energy, spontaneity table + second & third law)Day 15,16, 17,18- Equilibrium(focus on Le Châtelier's principle & equilibrium constant expression & factors affecting its value, pH calculations) &Kinetics(first order reactions & arrhenius equation)+ Atoms & Nuclei (physics)Day 19,20,21- d,f-block(variation in size, mp, OS & electrode potentials, KMnO4 & K2Cr2O7 + Lanthanide contraction)+ coordination compounds(hybridisation of complexes + CFT & carbonyls)Day 22–28- Organic chemistry(Lassaigne test + Duma, Kjeldahl method + Electronic effects + stereoisomerism then make list of chemical properties of all functional groups + Name reactions list)Day 29, 30,31- p- block(silicates, silicones, zeolites + buckyball + BX3 + B2H6 + borax + boric acid then start from group 18- focus on reactions list + inert pair effect + back bonding + anomalous behavior of 2nd period elements + structures + reasoning questions)Day 32,33,34,35 - solid state + solutions + Biomolecules + Chemistry in everyday lifeDay 36 onwards- after finishing syllabus once, now focus is to work on your weaknesses. So start writing down your weak topic & concepts & do it one by one with the help of an expert. Also Daily solve some last year papers. Hope you be disciplined. If get bored, listen some music or change subject or topic but do not break consistency. Stay away from negativity like I forget easily. You need not remember, you just make good notes and do last-minute revisions in last five remaining days – like going through the stuff you have already noted downby re-writing again and again. Make a list of related things which are difficult to remember like inorganic names etc. Also, do never worry that I am not able to solve. If you could, then you would not be asking this question on quora. Am I wrong? So it's just that getting to know of such questions before the actual exam you are increasing your chances to score. Do not be offended by any new trick or many exceptions, to know them is the only way you can score above others. Short naps may help you to regain freshness. Relax completely when you take a break. Overnight study is not advised.One day before the exam-Do not study anything new. Stay calm, confident and trust yourself & say to yourself- “I am excited about NEET and I can crack it easily”. If you need, brush up important formulae in all three subjects.Have a sound sleep of at least 6-7 hours. Prepare yourself to reach the exam centre at least half an hour before the exam starts. Ensure to carry your hall ticket, one ID proof and a pencil box containing eraser, sharpener, blue & black ball pens, etc. Avoid borrowing anything inside the examination hall.Relax or indulge in meditation a day before the actual exam in order to give your best on the exam day & don’t ask your friend how much they have studied. It will create unnecessary pressure.Do’s for NEET-Attempt easier questions first. Choose sections that have less risk and more gain.Double check your response before marking the OMR sheet.Carefully read the entire question paper in the first 5-10 minutes.First solve Biology, then chemistry,and at last solve physics.Fill up OMR sheet as u finish particular subject, do not leave your OMR to be filled at last 15 minutes, coz wrong bubbles are filled in high pressure,Which may spoil your result.Don'ts for NEET -Do not start your paper by physics, coz its very difficult.Don't get upset if you find a particular section tough. You can score in other sections.Don’t guess if you have no idea about the concept involved in a question.Don’t be nervous if you find the paper tough.Preparation:As per the analysis of questions in last year’s AIPMT /NEET UG, 75% questions are average, 20% are difficult and 5% above the difficult level. With thorough revision of chapters based on their importance will help students achieve best preparation before the exam.The real strategy will be as follows:Follow a time table which focuses on important chaptersWork on your timings and evaluate your strengths for the examPlan a strategy for test takingTake Mock TestsHighlights of this Fast Track Plan:Most important portion of the syllabus is covered completelyMock tests are includedStudy Tips relevant in the last minute are includedImportant Exam related information is also providedNumber of hours to devote to each task is clearly specifiedFull question bank and study material is provided to cover the syllabus best.How to use itThe plan shows the tasks for today, whatever is the date, you need to follow the plan for today and come back to the page again tomorrow. If you started late, start from beginning and devote lesser hours to each task. If you skipped a day or two in between then pick from wherever you left complete all tasks till today at a fast pace.I hope this can help you to prepare well for NEET UG 2018.All the best for neet2018Hope this helpsThank u

JEE Main Syllabus 2020 - Paper 1 (B. Tech/B.E.)PHYSICS - Section A:●Physics and MeasurementPhysics, technology and society, SI units, Fundamental and derived units. Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications,●KinematicsFrame of reference. Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, and relations for uniformly accelerated motion. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and Subtraction, Zero Vector, Scalar and Vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane. Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.●Laws of MotionForce and Inertia, Newton's First Law of motion; Momentum, Newton's Second Law of motion; Impulse; Newton's Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force and its applications,●Work, Energy and PowerWork done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power. Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.●Rotational MotionCentre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion.●GravitationThe universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth, Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.●Properties of Solids and LiquidsElastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number. Bernoulli's principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, Newton's law of cooling.●ThermodynamicsThermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.●Kinetic Theory of GasesEquation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature: rms speed of gas molecules; Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path, Avogadro's number.●Oscillations and WavesPeriodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. - kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period; Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance.Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound●ElectrostaticsElectric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field.Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.●Current ElectricityElectric current, Drift velocity, Ohm's law, Electrical resistance, Resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance.Electric Cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoffs laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge, Metre Bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications.●Magnetic Effects of Current and MagnetismBiot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic substances.Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.●Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating CurrentsElectromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.●Electromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays). Applications of e.m. waves.●OpticsReflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.Wave optics: wave front and Huygens' principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarization, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.●Dual Nature of Matter and RadiationDual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation. Davis son-Germer experiment.●Atoms and NucleiAlpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.●Electronic DevicesSemiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; 1-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch.●Communication SystemsPropagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation, Need for modulation, Amplitude and Frequency Modulation, Bandwidth of signals, Bandwidth of Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a Communication System (Block Diagram only).PHYSICS - Section B:Experimental SkillsFamiliarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:●Vernier callipers-its use to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.●Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.●Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.●Metre Scale-mass of a given object by principle of moments.●Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.●Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.●Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.●Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time.●Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.●Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.●Resistivity of the material of a given wire using Metre Bridge.●Resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law.●Potentiometer-a)Comparison of emf of two primary cells.b)Determination of internal resistance of a cell.●Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method,●Focal length of the following using parallax method:a)Convex mirrorb)Concave mirror, andc)Convex lens●Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.●Refractive index of a glass slab using a traveling microscope.●Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.●Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.●Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain.●Identification of Diode, LED, Transistor, IC, Resistor, and Capacitor from mixed collection of such items.●Using multimeter to:a.Identify base of a transistorb.Distinguish between npn and pnp type Transistorc.See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED.d.Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode,Transistor or IC).CHEMISTRY:Physical chemistry·Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry: Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. Units, dimensional analysis; Laws of chemical combination: Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae; Chemical equations and stoichiometry.·States of Matter: Classification of matter into solid, liquid and gaseous states.Gaseous State: Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws - Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; Concept of Absolute scale of temperature; Ideal gas equation; Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); Concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; Real gases, deviation from Ideal behavior, compressibility factor and van der Waals equation.Liquid State: Properties of liquids - vapor pressure, viscosity and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only).Solid State: Classification of solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg's Law and its applications; Unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fee, bec and hep lattices), voids, calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; Electrical and magnetic properties.·Atomic Structure: Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de-Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features. Concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave functions; Variation of t|/ and \|/2 with r for Is and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; Rules for filling electrons in orbitals - aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.·Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure: Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds.Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules.Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - Its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals; Resonance.Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy.Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.·Chemical Thermodynamics: Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes.First law of thermodynamics: Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution.Second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes; AS of the universe and AG of the system as criteria for spontaneity, AG" (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.·Solutions: Different methods for expressing concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapor pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapor pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions - relative lowering of vapor pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff factor and its significance.·Equilibrium: Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium.Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid -liquid, liquid - gas and solid - gas equilibria, Henry's law, general characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes.Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of AG and AG" in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle.Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid - base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.·Redox Reactions and Electro-chemistry: Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions.Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications.Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half - cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change; Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.·Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half -lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions -Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).·Surface Chemistry: Adsorption- Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids - Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions.Catalysis - Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism.Colloidal state- distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids -lyophilic, lyophobic; multi-molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids - Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; Emulsions and their characteristics.Inorganic Chemistry:·Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties: Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity.·General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals: Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; Steps involved in the extraction of metals -concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe; Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals.·Hydrogen: Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; Structure, preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide; Classification of hydrides - ionic, covalent and interstitial; Hydrogen as a fuel.·S - Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals): Group -1 and 2 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships.Preparation and properties of some important compounds - sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate; Industrial uses of lime, limestone, Plaster of Paris and cement; Biological significance of Na, K, Mg and C·P- Block Elements: Group -13 to Group 18 ElementsGeneral Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behavior of the first element in each group.Group wise study of the p - block elementsGroup -13: Preparation, properties and uses of boron and aluminium; Structure, properties and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride and alums.Group -14: Tendency for catenation; Structure, properties and uses of Allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites and silicones.Group -15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PC13, PCI,); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus.Group -16: Preparation, properties, structures and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of sulphur; Preparation, properties, structures and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulphur.Group -17: Preparation, properties and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens.Group-18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.·d - and f - Block Elements:Transition Elements-General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements -physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties and uses of K2 Cr, 07 and Kmn04.Inner Transition Elements-Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction.Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.·Co-Ordination Compounds: Introduction to co-ordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, co-ordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of co­ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).·Environmental Chemistry: Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil.Atmospheric pollution - Tropospheric and StratosphericTropospheric pollutants - Gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and Sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; Greenhouse effect and Global warming; Acid rain.Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects and prevention.Stratospheric pollution- Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer - its mechanism and effects.Water Pollution - Major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention.Soil pollution - Major pollutants such as: Pesticides (insecticides,, herbicides and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention.Strategies to control environmental pollution.Organic Chemistry:·Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds:Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography - principles and their applications.Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, Sulphur, phosphorus and halogens.Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, Sulphur, phosphorus.Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.·Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry: Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules -hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; Homologous series; Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC): Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles.Electronic displacement in a covalent bond- Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper-conjugation.Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement.·Hydrocarbons: Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions.Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff s and peroxide effect); Ozonolysis and polymerization.Alkynes - Acidic character; Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; Polymerization.Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene -structure and aromaticity; Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene.·Organic Compounds Containing Halogens: General methods of preparation, properties and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons and DDT.·Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen: General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERSAlcohols: Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration.Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reitner - Tiemann reaction.Ethers: Structure.Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=0 group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH, and its derivatives), Griguard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of a-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.·Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen: General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character.Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.·Polymers: General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization;Natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization; some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses - polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite.·Biomolecules: General introduction and importance of biomolecules.Carbohydrates - Classification: aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosacctiorides (sucrose, lactose and maltose).Proteins - Elementary Idea of a-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.Vitamins - Classification and functions.Nucleic Acids - Chemical constitution of DN A and RNA.Biological functions of nucleic acids.·Chemistry in Everyday Life:Chemicals in medicines - Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines - their meaning and common examples.Chemicals in food - Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents - common examples.Cleansing agents - Soaps and detergents, cleansing action.·Principles Related to Practical Chemistry: Detection of extra elements (N, S, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl and amino groups in organic compounds.Chemistry involved in the preparation of the following- Inorganic compounds: Mohr's salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, pnitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.Chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises -Acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO₄, Mohr's salt vs KMnO₄.Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:Cations - Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH⁺ ₄Anions- CO²⁻₃, S2-, SO²⁻₄, NO3-, NO2−, Cl-, Br-, I-. (Insoluble salts excluded).Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:1.Enthalpy of solution of CuSO42.Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.3.Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.4.Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.MATHEMATICS:·Sets, Relations and Functions: Sets and their representation; Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relation, Types of relations, equivalence relations, functions;, one-one, into and onto functions, composition of functions,·Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations: Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of a complex number, triangle inequality, Quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions. Relation between roots and co-efficient, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots.·Matrices and Determinants: Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and three. Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants. Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations, Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices.·Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as selection, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r), simple applications.·Mathematical Induction: Principle of Mathematical Induction and its simple applications.·Binomial Theorem and its Simple Applications: Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of Binomial coefficients and simple applications.·Sequences and Series: Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers. Relation between A.M. and G.M. Sum up to n terms of special series: S n, S n2, Sn3. Arithmetico-Geometric progression.·Limit, Continuity and Differentiability:Real - valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse functions. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, continuity and differentiability. Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two. Rolle's and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorems. Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic - increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tangents and normals.·Integral Calculus: Integral as an anti - derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities.Integral as limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form.·Differential Equations: Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree. Formation of differential equations. Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations.·Co-ordinate Geometry: Cartesian system of rectangular co-ordinates 10 in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes.Straight lines: Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines, coordinates of centroid, orthocentre and circumcenter of a triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines.Circles, conic sections: Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent. Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point (s) of tangency.·Three Dimensional Geometry: Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation. Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines.·Vector Algebra: Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product.·Statistics and Probability:Measures of Dispersion: Calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data.Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli trials and Binomial distribution.·Trigonometry: Trigonometrical identities and equations. Trigonometrical functions. Inverse trigonometrical functions and their properties. Heights and Distances.·Mathematical Reasoning: Statements, logical operations and, or, implies, implied by, if and only if. Understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse and contrapositive.JEE Main Syllabus 2020 - Paper 2 (Aptitude Test B. Arch/ B. Plan)Part I:Awareness of persons, places, Buildings, Materials. Objects, Texture related to Architecture and build—environment. Visualizing three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings. Visualizing different sides of three-dimensional objects. Analytical Reasoning Mental Ability (Visual, Numerical and Verbal).Part II:Three dimensional - perception: Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportion of objects, building forms and elements, color texture, harmony and contrast. Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms both 2 D and 3 D union, subtraction, rotation, development of surfaces and volumes, Generation of Plan, elevations and 3 D views of objects. Creating two dimensional and three dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urbanscape (public space, market, festivals, street scenes, monuments, recreational spaces, etc.), landscape (river fronts, jungles, trees, plants, etc.) and rural life.